Professional Documents
Culture Documents
02 SALTRAN DNN Jenis-Kondisi-Saluran-Transmisi PDF
02 SALTRAN DNN Jenis-Kondisi-Saluran-Transmisi PDF
Teknik Saluran
Transmisi
2. MACAM-MACAM KONDISI SALURAN TRANSMISI
Where Are We?
Content
1. Pendahuluan
2. Saluran tanpa rugi – rugi (Lossless /
Lowloss)
3. Saluran Tanpa cacat (Distortionless)
4. Saluran Merugi (Lossy)
5. Saluran-saluran Istimewa
Pendahuluan
Loss dalam Saluran Transmisi
Conductor Loss
In transmission line, the resistance of the conductors is never equal to zero (There are no
perfect conductivity)
Whenever current flows through conductors, some energy is dissipated in the form of heat.
Conductor losses increase with an increase in frequency because of skin effect
Dielectric Loss
the portion of the energy of an alternating electrical field in a dielectric medium that is
converted into heat.
Radiation Loss
Radiation losses occur because some magnetic lines of force about a conductor do not
return to the conductor when the cycle alternates.
These lines of force are projected into space as radiation, and this results in power losses
Leakage Loss
Induction losses occur when the electromagnetic field about a conductor cuts through any
nearby metallic object and a current is induced in that object.
As a result, power is dissipated in the object and is lost.
Leakage loss present in transmission line having dielectric with finite resistivity
Distorsi signal dalam saluran transmisi
• Any signal that carries significant information must has some non-
zero bandwidth. In other words, the signal energy (as well as the
information it carries) is spread across many frequencies
• If the different frequencies that comprise a signal travel at different
velocities, that signal will arrive at the end of a transmission line
distorted. We call this phenomenon signal dispersion.
• dispersion is the phenomenon
in which the phase velocity of a
wave depends on its frequency.
or alternatively when the group
velocity depends on the
frequency
Saluran lossless dan distortionless
Transmission line
Transmission line
Transmission line
Saluran Tanpa Rugi-rugi
(Lossless/Lowloss)
Saluran Lossless
• Pada saluran ini tidak terjadi redaman daya atau redaman
amplituda ( = 0). Agar tercapai maka :
– R’ dan G’ = 0 (punya konduktor dan dielektrik yang sempurna)
– Saluran dioperasikan pada frekuensi tinggi ( L’>>R dan C’ >>G’
• Sehingga pada saluran lossless berlaku :
Catatan :
( R ' jL)(G ' jC ' )
Pada saluran lossless, kecepatan phasa
( jL)( jC ' ) 2 L'C ' tidak tergantung dari frequency (frequency
j L'C ' j independence), maka pada saluran
lossless juga berlaku distortionless.
0
Pada kondisi tertentu, yaitu ketika saluran
L'C ' transmisi sangat panjang maka saluran
lossless bisa bersifat terdistorsi karena
R ' jL' L'
Z0 R0 perbedaan kecil kecepatan phasa akan
G ' jC ' C' menimbulkan delay yang besar jika saluran
2 1 sangat panjang
f L' C '
1
Vp
9 L'C '
Tegangan dan Arus pada Saluran Lossless
I ( z ) I 0 e z I 0 e z
j z - j z
V(z) V0 e V0 e
-
j z j z V0 j z V0 j z
I(z) I 0 e I0e e e
Z0 Z0
10 Revisi !!!
Tegangan dan Arus pada Saluran Lossless
Persamaan Tegangan Is
Dan Arus Jika Parameter
Sumber diketahui ! + +
Zg Zo
Vs +j ZL
Vg VL
- -
Z
Z=L
Vz Vs cosh γz I s Z 0 sinh γz Vs
I z I s cosh γz sinh γz
Vs cosh jz I s Z 0 sinh jz Z0
Vs cos z I s Z 0 j sin z Vs
I s cosh jz sinh jz
Z0
Vs
I s cos z j sin z
Z0
Tegangan dan Arus pada Saluran Lossless
Persamaan Tegangan
Dan Arus Jika Parameter
Is
Beban diketahui ! + +
Zg Zo
Vs +j ZL
Vg VL
- -
d
Z=L
Vd VL cosh γd I L Z 0 sinh γd VL
I d I L cosh γd sinh γd
VL cosh jd I L Z 0 sinh jd Z0
VL
VL cos d I L Z 0 j sin d I L cosh jd sinh jd
Z0
VL
I L cos d j sin d
Z0
Impedansi Input Saluran Lossless
Pada saluran transmisi lossless berlaku :
Z L Z 0 tanh γl
Z in Z 0
0
Z Z L tanh γl tanh jl j tan l
0, maka : sinh jl j sin l
cosh jl cos l
Z Z 0 tanh jl Z L jZ0 tan l
Z in Z 0 L Z 0
0
Z Z L tanh j l 0
Z jZ L tan l
13
Saluran Lossless
Contoh Kasus
' '
R G
'
' Why???
L C
16
Saluran Tanpa Cacat (Distortionless)
Konstanta – konstanta pada saluran distortionless :
R jL G
' ' '
jC '
R'' ' G'
L ' j C ' j
L C
R' G '
'
LC ' j j
L' C '
R' G'
L C ' j atau
' '
L C ' j
' '
Frequency
L C
R' G' Independent
Maka : ' L C atau '
' '
L'C ' dan L'C '
L C
1
Vp
L'C '
' R'
L ' j
Z0
R jL
' '
L L'
R'
G jC
' '
' G '
C ' j
C' G'
C
Saluran Tanpa Cacat (Distortionless)
' '
G R
'
'
C L
Bagaimana cara agar
kondisi distortionless
Mu metal submarine telegraph cable construction. This was a type
Line/Heaviside of cable used for long undersea telegraph cables, invented by The
Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Company Ltd., London,
terpenuhi??? in 1923. The copper conductor was wrapped with fine wire made of
Mu metal, a high permeability nickel-iron alloy. It had been found
that the seawater surrounding ordinary cables distorted the signal
carried by them, resulting in very low transmission rates. The Mu
metal wrapping added inductance to the cable, correcting the
distortion and enabling higher data rates.
Saluran Merugi (Lossy)
Saluran Lossy
???
Latihan soal
Vd VL cos d I L Z 0 j sin d
VL
I d I L cos d j sin d
Z0
VL 2 V 2
I L cos d L j sin
I d I L cos d j sin d Z0
d
Z0
sehingga I (d 0) I (d L)
Saluran Istimewa
Suatu saluran transmisi Lossless dengan 4. Z L 0
panjang L dengan impedansi beban ZL
Z L jZ0 tan l
Z in Z 0
I(d) IL Z 0 jZ L tan l
+
+ 0 jZ0 tan l jZ0 tan l
Z0 Z 0
V(d) Z0, VL ZL=0 0Z j 0 tan l Z 0
- - jZ0 tan l
L
d 5. Z L
Zin
Z jZ0 tan l
Z in Z 0 L
I(d) IL Z 0 jZ L tan l
+ jZ0 tan l
+ Z0
V(d) Z0, VL ZL=∞ 0
Z j tan l
- - Z0
j tan l
L
d Z 0 Z in (oc) Z in ( Sc)
Zin
Tugas 4
1. 100 Ω
Zg
R' 10,4 / Km
Vg L' 0,0037henry / Km ZL 80 + J40 Ω
G' 0,8microMhos / Km
10 cos(210 t 10) C' 0,00835mF / Km
3
L
Find! Z0 , γ , Vp , λ ,α , β
100 Ω I(z) = ….?
3. Zg
Z0 = 100 Ω +
Vg ZL
(lossless) V(z) = ….?
2. 100 Ω 100Volt
- 150 Ω
Zg d= 0,5 λ
Z= 1,5 λ Z(d) = ….?
Vg
Z0 500 43 ZL
80 + J40 Ω
0,07 J 0,08( perKm)
100Volt
Гin = ….?
L = 10Km
VSWR = ….?
Zin = ….?
Questions???