The education of some Filipinos

The Spaniard in the Philippines founded many colleges for men and women . But these colleges
and universities were exclusively for the Spaniards and the Spanish mestizos. These included San
Juan de Letran, San Jose , San Felipe and others. The schools for women included the College of
San Potenciana, Santa Isabel College, the Santa Rosa College, among others.
It was not until the second half of the nineteenth century that these college ,including the
Universities of Santo Tomas , admitted natives. As a result , a good number of those children
became lawyers, physicians, pharmacist, teachers, land surveyors and merchants. The Spaniards
feared it was the illustrados who later ask embarrassing questions about Spanish misdeeds,
incompetence , inefficiency, greed and corruptions. And most dangerously they pushed the idea of
the Indio's as “Filipinos “ with equal rights as the Spaniards in the country.

The Education Of Some Filipinos

Colleges and Universities were exclusively for the Spaniards and Mestizos
 San Juan de Letran
 San Jose
 San Felipe
Schools for women:
 College of Santa Potenciana
 Santa Isabel College
 Santa Rosa College

But during the mid 19th century, schools like the University od Santo Tomas started admitting natives.
These educated Filipinos later asked for reforms in the Spanish administration of the Philippines. as
Spaniards feared, it was the ‘ilustrados’ who would later ask embarrassing questions about Spanish
misdeeds, incompetence, inefficiency, greed and corruption. And most dangerously, they pushed the idea
of the Indios as “Filipinos” with equal rights as the Spaniards in the country.
The rise of the “Filipino” Middle class
 The revolts started in Binalatongan, spread to the towns of bayambang, paniqui( then part of
pangasinan), Daguapn, Calasiao, Santa Barbara, Mangaldan, San Jacinto, and Malasiki.
 Ignore the FRIAR –CURATES
 Palaris donated the province

Conclusion of war with France an.

The rise of the “Filipino” middle class

As exports in agricultures increased, inquilinos or the tenants in the haciendas and their families
began to accumulate wealth. As members of the middle class , they were able to send their children
to colleges and universities in Manila and even to Europe.
Hence , the wealthy and highly educated Filipinos called ilustrados compose the middle class in
Philippines colonial society under Spain. Spaniards born in Spain , working or residing in the
country were called Españoles or peninsulares. The rest were either mestizos or Indio's.

Belonging to the middle class also meant changing their former lifestyle, clothing , houses, forms of
amusement and cultural activities to those that were similar or closer to what Spaniard and
Europeans did and maintained which were comfortable and expensive .

The first event was the Tagalog publication of Florante at Laura in 1838 by Francisco Baltasar or
Balagtas . The revolt by Apolinario de la Cruz of “Hermano Pule in Tayabas (now Quezon
province) in 1841.

The Spanish authorities were alarmed by its pure Indio membership under the guise of a confradia,
whose aim was to revive the ancient catalonan. Teachings within the Catholic church. Hermano
Pule had become so popular that the Tagalog in the regions called him” king of the Tagalog's”

THE RISE OF THE “FILIPINO” MIDDLE CLASS

Terms:
inquilinos - tenants
Ilustrado - wealthy and highly-educated Filipino, composed the middle class
Insulares - Spaniards born in the Philippines
Peninsulares (Espanoles) - Spanish born in Spain, working or residing in the country.

Inquilinos started getting more money as agriculture became a hit at that time. The demands for
agricultural products was high, resulting to increase in exports. As members of the middle class, they were
able to send their children to colleges and universities in Manila and even to Europe. Filipinos who were
wealthy and were highly-educated, they were called as Illustrados, made up the middle class in Philippines
colonial society under Spain. Spaniards born in Spain, working or residing in the country were called
Españoles or peninsulares. The rest were either mestizos or Indio's.

Two events foreshadowed the developing consciousness of the masses as a different race and class in
society.
 1. Tagalog publication of Florante at Laura in 1838 by Francisco Baltazar or Balagtas. There was
reference for the first time to the country as oppressed and in need of freedom as expressed in the
following lines:
Sa loob at labas ng bayan kong sawi
Kaliluha’y siyang nangyayaring hari
Kagalinga’t bait ay nalulugami innas sa hukay ng dusa’t pighati.

2. Revolt by Apolinario de la Cruz of Hermano Pule in Tayabas (quezon) in 1841.

Hermano Pule – King of the Tagalogs

The Spanish authorities were alarmed by its pure Indio membership under the guise of a
Confradia, whose aim to revive the ancient Catalonan teachings within the Catholic church.

Confradia - a group or organization of Roman Catholic laymen in Mexico and Central America
responsible for the material care of religious images, pilgrimages, and ceremonies.

Catalonan - is a priest or priestess in the indigenous religions of the Tagalog and

Kapampangan people