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• Social: the interaction between players. Moreover, from a psychological perspective, we have per-
ceived a high significance of this topic in almost all of the
• Desired behaviours: the expected response of the frameworks. They agree this approach as an essential key that
players after the interaction. must be present in the design process. It is an evidence topic
• Ethics: a branch of philosophy that involves sys- in the literature. Most of them are Human-Based, taking the
tematizing, defending and recommending concepts of person as the centre of their design.
right and wrong conducts. Thus interaction fundamentals are referred for more than a
half of frameworks analysed, emphasizing the importance of
5) Interaction: the user interface, user experience, and the need or recommen-
• Narrative: the story and context created by designers. dation of taking a software for its development. A couple of
them are focused on a Technological-Based Design or Goal-
• UI/UX: refers to everything designed into the gamified Based in contrast to the main Human-Based design.
system which a player being may interact and the
player’s behaviours, attitudes, and emotions. To conclude, we consider, for a further work, a devel-
opment of a complete and generic framework from a new
• Technology: the use or need of a software component perspective (not currently found in the literature) and its
for development. application to different environments. Educational and training,
business (commercial, marketing, human resources), govern,
All the items have been analysed and the ten most mean-
health, and life-day are the most common scenes. We assume
ingful of them (in terms of results and heterogeneity) can be
that current approaches are on the right way, but do not take
found in Appendix A. From this results, questions Q2 and Q3
into account some necessary keys to get a more effective
can be answered. On the one hand, as previously seen, most
gamified process for success.
of game design principles and components are being inherited
for the gamification framework’s description. Most of these
items are present in lens of game design proposed by Schell A PPENDIX A
(2008) [11], which is a world reference about game design F RAMEWORK ’ S FEATURE SUMMARY TABLE
and its components. So, mainly game design items are being In this appendix, a table with the whole list of frameworks
used in the gamification process too. In the other hand, the proposed in this study (rows) compared with the top ten most
way they are being applied is not the same as the game design suitable items of interest for the review (columns) is published.
environment. A set of new new steps or sequence is needed as It includes, the categories: economic (viability/risk/ROI, and
Marczewski previously asserted. stakeholders), logic (loop, endgame/epicwin, onboarding, and
By querying the table, Q3 answer can be inferred for rules), analytic (metrics), psychology (ethics), and interaction
the reader. Indeed, several aspects or factors are not being (UI/UX and technology). The possible values of each table’s
considered or extended by the authors. cell are:
• E: explicit, the item has appeared in the framework’s
IV. C ONCLUSION definition.
In this work, we have carried out a review of the literature • I: implicit, the item has not appeared explicitly in
on gamification design and developed frameworks. It has been the framework definition. Inferred by the authors or
analysed a set of eighteen gamified design frameworks accord- referred inside an academic work of the author.
ing to a nineteen related items. Although some of these items
are not very common in gaming context, we have considered • U: unavailable, the item has not appeared anyway.
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TABLE I: Framework’s feature summary
FEATURES Viability Stakeholders Loop Endgame On-boarding Rules Metrics Ethics UI/UX Technology
A framework for gamification suited for marketing. Julius and Salo (2013) [16] I I E E E E E I E E
Note:
E - Explicit: the item has appeared in the framework’s definition.
I - Implicit: the item has not appeared explicitly in the framework definition. Inferred by the authors or referred inside an academic work of the author.
U - Unavailable: the item has not appeared anyway.