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3. a) What are the different methods of tunneling .Explain needle beam method with neat sketch.
(10 Marks)
b) What is the equilibrium cant on 2 degree curve on BG,if 15 trains , 10 trains ,5 trains and 2 trains are
running at speeds of 50kmph,60kmph,70kmph and 80kmph respectively.
(5 Marks)
OR
4. a) Write short notes on tunnel lining , tunnel drainage and tetrapods (6 Marks)
b) Design an exit taxiway joining a runway and a parallel to the main taxiway. The total angle of turn is 35
degree and the radius of entrance curve 731m and maximum turnoff speed is 80km/hr, runway width is
45m, taxiway width is 22.5m.Draw a neat sketch showing all the elements. (9 Marks)
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