Medical textiles

1. 1. Medical Textile • Introduction Combination of textile technology and medical sciences has
resulted into a new field called medical textiles. New areas of application for medical textiles
have been identified with the development of new fibers and manufacturing technologies for
yarns and fabrics. Development in the field of textiles, either natural or manmade textiles,
normally aimed at how they enhance the comfort to the users. Development of medical
textiles can be considered as one such development, which is really meant for converting the
painful days of patients into the comfortable days.
2. 2. Medical Textile • Definition: A general term which describes a textile structure which has
been designed and produced for use in any of a variety of medical applications, including
implantable applications. David Rigby Associates The Medtech application area “embraces
all those technical textiles used in health and hygiene applications” . Medical textiles Defined
as “fibre-based products and structures used in first aid or the clinical treatment of a wound
or medical condition”.
3. 3. Market size of medical textile
4. 4. Market It is the 5th in the textile market size with respect to other twelve textile application
Recently a survey of medical textiles conducted by the tata economy consultancy services
has estimated the market size in terms of value 17093 (Rs Mn) in 2005 and it would be
302018 (Rs Mn) Market size of medical textile in India in the value terms (Rs Mn) 2005 is
338. It is estimated up to 575 (Rs Mn) 2010 The forecast for the world medical textile
consumption in volume and value terms for 2010 is 2380 tonnes and 8238 (Mn USD)
respectively
5. 5. Properties of Medical textile fibre 1.Non toxic 2.Non Allergenic
6. 6. Properties of Medical textile fibre 3.Non Carcinogenic 4. Able to be sterilisrd without
imparting any change in the physical or chemical characteristics. 5.Bio compatibility
7. 7. Medical Textile Fibre • Fibres used in to medical application falls into two groups
1.Commodity fibre 2.Speciality fibre
8. 8. Commodity Fibre Natural & Regenerated Fibre Cotton Silk Viscose Synthetic Fibre
Polyester Polypropylene PTFE(poly tetrafluoroethylene) Polyamide Carbon Glass Fibre
9. 9. Speciality Fibre Collagen This is obtained from cow skin.It is a protein available either in
hydrogel or fibre form.Collagen fiber when used as suture are equally strong as silk and are
biodegradable.
10. 10. Speciality Fibre Calcium Alginate:This is made from brown seaweed.This fibre possess
healing properties. Calcium alginate fibres have been proven to be wound healing.Wound
dressing made from such fibres are non- toxic,biodegradable and haemostatic
11. 11. Speciality Fibre Chitin:This is a polysaccharide that is obtained from crab and shrimb
shell. It has excellent antithrombogenic characterestics. It can be absorbed by the body and
promote healing. Artificial skin made from chitin non woven fabric stimulate new skin
formation.
12. 12. Speciality Fibre • Chitosan: • It is obtained from treating Chitin with alkali. It can be spun
into filament and the strength of the fibre is similar to viscose rayon. It is being developed for
slow drug release membrane. Other Fibre: Polycaprolactone(PCL) Polypropiolactone(PPL)
mixed with cellulosic fibre. This fibre produce highly flexible and inexpensive biodegradable
non woven
13. 13. Medical Textile Fibre • According to biological resistance • – Biodegradable- Fibres which
are absorbed by the body within 2-3 months time after implantation and include Cotton,
Viscose rayon, polyamide, poly urathene, collagen, and alginate, polycaprolactone,
polypropiolactone. • – Non biodegradable-Fibres that are absorbed by the body slowly and
take more than six months time to degrade are considered as non biodegradable. Non-
biodegradable fibres and include polyester (e.g. Dacron), polypropylene,PTFE and carbon. •
14. 14. Classification of Medical textile The textiles used in medical and surgical purposes can
be classified as follows – Non implantable materials-Wound dressing, bandages, plasters
 etc. – Extracorporeal devices- artificial kidney, liver, and lung – Implantable materials-suture,
vascular grafts, artificial ligaments, artificial joints, etc. – Healthcare/hygiene products-
bedding, clothing, surgical gowns, cloths, wipes etc. •
15. 15. Classification of Medical textile 1.Non implantable material: Non implantable materials
refer to those used outside the human body to assist the recovery of wounds. These include
wound dressing,plaster,bangages
16. 16. Non implantable material Wound dressings are materials used for wound healing: To
provide protection against infection To absorb blood and exudate to promote healing To
apply medication to the wound, in some instances.
17. 17. Non implantable material Wound dressings normally consist of three components, which
are: Contact layer Absorbent pad Base material Contact layer: The contact layer is used to
prevent adherence of the dressing to the wound and it enables easy removal of the
dressings. Absorbent Pad: The absorbent pad is the main part of the dressing and it absorbs
the blood and exudate. It also provides a cushioning effect to protect the wound. The base
material :It keeps the dressing in place and is also responsible for protecting the wound from
physical damage
18. 18. Picture of Bandage 1.Simple elastic bandage 2.Light support bandage 3.Compression
Bandage 4.Orthopaedic bandage
19. 19. Non Implantable Material Gauze Lint Wadding
20. 20. Picture of Plaster
21. 21. Extra-Corporeal device These are the artificial organs that are used to replace the
diseased ones. There have been artificial kidney, liver and lung. The making of these
devices requires precise design and manufacture. The properties of such devices are vital.
22. 22. Extra-Corporeal device Artificial liver
23. 23. Extra-Corporeal device
24. 24. Extra-Corporeal device Artificial Lung
25. 25. Extra-Corporeal device
26. 26. Implantable Materials • These are the textile structures that can be used inside the
human body for various purposes, such as closure(sutures) or replacement surgery
(vascular grafts, artificial ligaments etc).Available products are sutures, vascular grafts,
artificial ligaments, artificial joints, scaffolds for tissue growth and so on, each providing
suitable properties for the end-use.
27. 27. Property of Implantable Materials • Biocompatibility is of prime importance if textile
materials are to be accepted by the body and four key factors will determine how the body
reacts to the implants 1.The most important factor is porosity, which determines the rate at
which human tissue will grow and encapsulate the implant. 2. Small circular fibres are better
encapsulated with human tissue than larger fibres with irregular cross sections. 3. The fibre
polymer must not release toxic substances, and fibre should be free from surface
contaminants such as lubricants and sizing agents. 4. Biodegradable
28. 28. Implantable Materials 1.Artificial ligament 1.Suture Vascular graft
29. 29. Implantable Materials
30. 30. Healthcare & hygienic products 4.Healthcare & hygienic products: An important area of
textile is the healthcare and hygiene sector among other medical applications. The range of
products available for healthcare and hygiene is vast, but they are typically used either in the
operating theatre or in the hospital wards for hygienic, care and safety of the staff and
patients. They could be washable or disposable