Professional Documents
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com)
Colombo, Sri Lanka
WARNING Electric Fences are designed to create an electrical circuit when
This article deals with and involves subject matter and the touched by person (or animal). The circuit proposed in this article
use of materials and substances that may be hazardous to releases 10kV electrical pulses to the fence‐line and monitor the line
health and life. Do not attempt to implement or use the
information contained herein unless you are experienced status. This entire system is design to drive using 25V (5A) single‐rail
and skilled with respect to such subject matter, materials
and substances. Neither the publisher nor the author DC power source (using 5A power supply unit or pair of 12.6V Lead‐
makes any representations as for the completeness or the
accuracy of the information contained herein and disclaim
Acid batteries) .
any liability for damages or injuries, whether caused by
arising from the lack of completeness, inaccuracies of the Main controller of this system is Microchip PIC12F675 – 8bit
information, misinterpretation of the directions, microcontroller. All the line monitoring, pulse generation and alarm
misapplication of the information or otherwise.
system controlling is performed by this microcontroller.
Some of the notable features of this project are,
Support for wide range of operating voltage (15V – 25V DC)
Built‐in audible alarm system
230V peripheral interface section (followed by the audible alarm system)
Progress indicators
Line feedback and alarm status indicators
Contactless line monitoring system
Support for wide range of step‐up transformers (up to maximum of 10kV)
Compact controller PCB (10cm × 10cm)
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons
All the software and firmware programs are All the schematics, PCB designs and other Attribution‐ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view
distribute under the terms of documents are distribute under the terms of a copy of this license, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‐sa/3.0/ or
send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second
Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105,
USA.
‐ 1 ‐
DC Power supply input terminals
Progress indicators and
feedback indicator
Connectors to the step‐up
Test Point A
transformer
Test Point B
Probe terminal
230V peripheral interface
GND (test) terminal terminals
Speaker connector
Alarm reset switch
Probe limit Setup
control Alarm status indicator
Alarm audio output level
controller
System Controls and Terminals alarm and peripheral interface terminals)
As reference to Fig. 1.1, here are the list of controls Alarm status indicator: Indicator to show the
and terminal descriptions of Electric Fence Controller alarm status.
PCB,
Progress indicators and feedback indicators:
Progress indicator is used to display the active
time of the electric fence line(s). This indicator
starts when the fence line(s) get electrify.
DC Power supply input terminals: Attach 15 ‐
25V DC (5A) power source to this terminal. (24V
is recommended)
Step‐up transformer connectors: Connect step‐
Fig. 1.2 - Transformer and fence line connectivity
up transformer’s primary winding to these
terminals. (refer the TRANS1 and TRANS2 Probe limit setup control: Use this variable
terminals of fig. 1.2) resistor to control the triggering limit of the
230V Peripheral interface terminals: Connect the probe sensor.
230V (or less) peripheral to these terminals. This Alarm audio output level controller: Use this
line got activated when the alarm system get potentiometer to control the audio output level
triggered. (volume) of the alarm.
Alarm reset switch: Press this push button to Speaker Connector: Attach 4Ω or 8Ω (1W)
reset the entire alarm system. (including audible speaker to this terminal.
‐ 2 ‐
Probe terminal: Attach 4cm ‐ 8cm 13 S.W.G ‐ 12 we test this system successfully with 100m long
S.W.G copper wire to this terminal. Do not galvanized fence wire.
connect the probe wire to the high voltage fence
line(s). When installing the probe wire try to
High voltage safety
install it with minimum length as possible. If the
Most of the parts of this project contains high
voltage. AC or DC, more than 500V is consider as high
voltage. There fore, experimenters must take extra
Wire loop
precautions to avoid painful shocks and possible
electrocution. Here are some points which user/
Fence wire
designer must consider while implementing, installing
and testing this system,
Install several “High Voltage” labels in HV wires,
transformer, etc. Keep children, pets, and
Probe wire (J3)
curiosity seekers away from the apparatus.
Cover all bare leads, wires, connection terminals,
and possible points of contact with suitable
Fig. 1.3 - Probe attachment to the fence wire
(not to the scale) insulator.
Use neon lamps to check the high voltage lines.
probe attachment is too noisy, increase the value
Do not connect multimeters, oscilloscopes and
of the R12 variable resistor. Some recommended
other precision test instruments to the high
probe design is illustrated in fig. 1.3.
voltage lines.
Always pull the plug of power supply unit when
System construction and installation working on a high voltage circuit unless you must
Attached PCB design of “Electric Fence” system use test it.
standard through‐hole components and SMD Work in a dry location. Locate your apparatus
components. When soldering the PCB it is highly away from appliances, metal doors and windows
recommended to place all the wire‐links (jumpers) sinks, water‐pipes, etc. All the above items can
first. Most of the resistors and transistors are in SMD become a deadly ground if your body comes
packaging. It is recommended to solder all these SMD between them and high voltage.
parts at the final stages of soldering.
When installing the heat‐sink place suitable insulators
to Q1 (TIP122), IC6(7805TV) and IC7(7812TV). Q3 and
Q2 (IRFZ44) can be directly connected to the heat‐
sink.
When installing the transformer connect one of it’s
output terminal to ground (neutral) and remaining
pin (live) to the fence wire(s). Recommended
materials for this earth electrode(s) are copper or
galvanized steel. This earth electrode should drive at
least 1.5m into the ground. At the prototyping stages
‐ 3 ‐
System calibration and testing
IC Pins Voltage
Majority of the components in this project are fixed 1
IC1 4.5V ‐ 5.2V
values and user need to calibrate only the few 8 (GND)
controllers. 4 (GND)
IC2 4.5V ‐ 5.2V
Use R12 variable resistor to control the probe 8
triggering limit. If your sensor probe is too noisy 1 (GND)
IC3 4.5V ‐ 5.2V
increase the value of R12 variable resistor to 100kΩ 8
or 200kΩ.
1
IC4 9.5V ‐ 12.3V
6 (GND)
8 (GND)
IC5 4.5V ‐ 5.2V
16
‐ 4 ‐
Component list
All the resistors marked as M0805 are SMD ‐ 0805 size ‐ 1/8W resistors.
‐ 5 ‐
Q1, Q2, Q3, Q5 : HEAT SINK REQ.
J1 IC6, IC7 : HEAT SINK REQ.
+5V
+5V
+5V
+5V
R7 +5V
+5V
TRNS1
C1 IC5
+
0.0033MFD
TRANSFORMER IN
EMIF100V GND Q2 Q3 3
4.7K
4.7K
Q0
22K
47K
47K
0.1MFD
R3
R6
R4
R5
FIT1 IRFZ44 IRFZ44 2
TP1 Q1
4
0.0033MFD
IC1 Q2
C2
7
Q3
1 Q1 10
VCC Q4
4 TIP122 14 1
GP3/MCLR CLK Q5
C3
GND 7 5
+24V
GP0/AN0 R8 Q6
6 1 6
2
VREF/GP1/AN1 J2 Q7
2 4 5 T1 T2 9
GP2/AN2 820R Q8
1 3 3 MMBT3904 MMBT3904 TRNS2 13 11
GP4/AN3 ENA Q9
3
2
GP5/CLKIN
8 15 12
GND U57X32 RES CO
S1 68K D1
22K
R1
PIC12F675P HEF4017N
TP3
RESET
R24
330R
R2
GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND
TP1: OSC. CAL.
GND
TP2: ALARM PRIM OSC.
+12V
+5V
+5V
+5V
+5V
100K 10K TP3: GND DM1
+5V
T3 PROBE GAIN Q4 GND
BL01RN1A
AL-009SS
47K LIN
R18 R19
2 SYSTEK12
1
330K
R12
PROBE R9 IC6
330K
R15
IC2A 7805TV
1
3 +5V
L1
J3 22K R17
2
1 1 3
2
330R 5 IC2B VI VO
T5
230V CONTROL TERMINALS
2
J4 6
0.01 R23 0.33MFD 0.1MFD
M
330K
C393N
R10
R13
R16
12K
22K
R11
ACIN C
1K
15K
J5 C4 GND GND GND
TP2
RLE1
IC7
A
3.3MFD/16V
J6
C11 GND C13
+5V
R21
2
Q5 +12V T4
2
0.1MFD
0.33MFD 0.1MFD
82114A
2SC3611 MMBT3904 GND 1K
GND NE555
C5
0.001MFD
C6
L2
TDA7052 GND TRI
5
10MFD/16V
CON
LEVEL
DC 24V (3A) IN
6
GND2 68K 1N5402 J7
SPK (4R) 1W
10MFD/25VC8
8 3 7
OUT2 OUT DIS
GND1
3 GND R20 GND D2 DC_IN
T1
4 C14
C7
10K LOG
VR1
/RES J8
2 C 8 6
IN VCC+ TRE
R22
15K
5 1000MFD/50V GND
OUT1
T2
1
C9
VP IC3
+5V
GND GND
GND +24V
IC4
GND
1751248 PROBE
DM1
TP3
J3
X1
N20 22K
R9 N15
AL-009SS
VR1 N3
N7
C8 IC4 N14
L1 IC5
>PART
0.001MFD
BC557 BL01RN1A
TDA7052
FIT1
N17
C710MFD/25V
IC2 C4 N5
C1
C9 IC1
N19
EMIF100V
47K LIN
C393N
N8
K
N16
N1
N9
N6
TP2
Q5 R12
HT1
PIC12F675P
N26 0.33MFD
N12
IC6
N25
IC3 C5
2SC3611 0.0033MFD C10
K
0.1MFD
7805TV
N18
C3
3.3MFD/16V
N21 C2
B
NE555
T5 C12
N2 0.33MFD
N22
0.0033MFD
N10
TP1
B
IC7
C6
0.1MFD
820R
N11
N4
R8
D1
U57X32
N24 L2
S1
RLE1
82114A
C14
J2
J1
J7
J8
D2
J6
J4
J5
GND
ACIN
ACIN
ACIN
1000MFD/50V
DC_IN
TRNS2
TRNS1
1N5402
MMBT3904
T1
R4
22K
4.7K
R5 R6 R3
4.7K 47K
47K
68K
MMBT3904
R7
R2
T2
330K
R15
100K
R16
330K
15K
R18
R23
330R
330K
R14
R17
R13
22K
R20 R21
68K 1K R19 1K
MMBT3904
10K R11
T3
12K
R10
R22
15K
T4
R1
22K
MMBT3904
R24
330R