Tata Koordinat

AS2103 Astronomi Praktis

Prodi Astronomi 2010/2011
B. Dermawan
 Horizon System

Roy & Clarke 1988

 Horizon System
Z
A
Alt-Azimuth
(90 – h) = z Meridian
A: Azimuth
h: Altitude
z: Zenith distance E
Azimuth
N h S
Horizon

Fossey 2006

N
Equatorial System

Fossey 2006

Cameron 2008
Equatorial System

Roy & Clarke 1988

 Equatorial System
Roy & Clarke 1988

Southern
hemisphere

h
Circumpolar Stars

Cameron 2008
Circumpolar Stars
Bradt 2004
 Circumpolar Stars

Cameron 2008 Roy & Clarke 1988

Coordinate of A Celestial Object
Z
Horizon System A

Meridian

E
Horizon A h
N S

n
Coordinate of A Celestial Object
Z Equator System
P H

Meridian
Latitude f d H

Celestial 
equator


Q
Geocentric Celestial Sphere
meridian

Roy & Clarke 1988

Transformation among Coordinate Systems
Horizon  Equatorial Z
A
H
P
Meridian
f d H
E
Horizon A h
N S

Celestial W
equator

Q Fossey 2006

n
 Exercise
Z
(90 – f )
P
H A
NCP (90 – h) = z
(90 – d)
Latitude f d
X HA
E Meridian
A h
N Horizon  S

Celestial
W
Equator 

SCP
n Q
Observer: f = +30 Exercise
Z
Object Y:
Object X: A A = 240
HA = 2h30m X h = 25
d = 70
HA
P
NCP
f E Meridian
A Y
N Horizon  h S

W
Celestial SCP
Equator
Q

n
 To Find Zenith Distance (z)
NCP Fossey 2006

H
(90-d) (90-f)

360-AX
X zX = (90-hX) Z

cos zX = cos (90-d) cos (90-f) + sin (90-d) sin (90-f) cos H
cos zX = sin hX = sin d sin f + cos d cos f cos H
 To Find Azimuth (A)
NCP Fossey 2006

H
(90-d) (90-f)

360-AX
X zX = (90-hX) Z

cos (90-d) = cos (90-f) cos zX + sin (90-f) sin zX cos (360-AX)
sin d  sin f cos zX sin d  sin f sin hX
cos AX = =
cos f sin zX cos f cos hX
Diurnal Motion of the Sun

Roy & Clarke 1988

 Sun’s Geocentric Behavior


Summer Winter
Solstice Solstice

 Giesen 2007
Sunset & Sunrise

Roy & Clarke 1988

 Rising & Setting
Objects rise or set when z = 90° (neglecting refraction), i.e.,
when cos z = 0 ( and sin z = 1)
Since cos z = sin h = sin d sin f + cos d cos f cos H
sin f sin d
cos H = =  tan f tan d
 cos f cos d
If |cos H | > 1, the object is circumpolar & never rises or sets
sin d  sin f cos z
Since cos A =
cos f sin z
sin d
Hence, when z = 90°: cos A =
cos f
 Rising & Setting
Office of Naval Research

The hour angle and azimuth at rise and set are

symmetrical about the meridian; hence if H and A are
known at rising, their values at setting can be
determined easily.
Review

Roy & Clarke 1988

Review
Bradt 2004

Fossey 2006
 Transformation among Coordinate Systems:
Equator  Ecliptic Coord. System

sin   cos  sin d  sin  cos d sin 

sin d  cos  sin 
sin  
sin  cos 

Roy & Clarke 1988

Galactic Coordinate

Bradt 2004
Transformation among Coordinate Systems:
Equator  Galactic Coord. System
Bradt 2004

 = 123°

Roy & Clarke 1988

sin b  sin d G sin d  cos d G cos d cos(   G )

sin d  sin d G sin b
sin(   l ) 
cos d G cos b