PRE-CAL REVIEWER

CIRCLE
Distance Formula is used to find the radius
- Locus of all points in a plane having the between the center and a point on the
same fixed distance called the radius, circle, as well as the diameter.
from a fixed point called the center.
- Radius is always greater than zero (0).

STANDARD FORM

Circle is:
Tangent to Y-axis: r = h

CONVERTING SF TO GF

Tangent to X-axis: r = k

CONVERTING GENERAL FORM TO

STANDARD FORM
Midpoint Formula is used to find the points
of the center between two endpoints of the
radius.
 PRE-CAL REVIEWER
PATTERNS IN FINDING THE PARTS OF A
PARABOLA PARABOLA
- Locus of all points in a plane such that the
distance from a point to a focus is equal PARTS V (0,0) V (H,K)
to the distance from the same point to UPWARD

the directrix. F (0,p) (h, k + p)

LR L₁ (-2p, p) L₁ (h - 2p, k + p)
PARTS OF A PARABOLA L₂ (2p,p) L₂ (h + 2p, k + p)
D y = -p y=k-p
AOS x=0 x=h

DOWNWARD

F (0,-p) (h, k - p)
LR L₁ (-2p, -p) L₁ (h - 2p, k - p)
L₂ (2p,-p) L₂ (h + 2p, k - p)
D y=p y=k+p
AOS x=0 x=h

RIGHT

F (p, 0) (h + p, k)
LR L₁ (p, -2p) L₁ (h + p, k - 2p)
L₂ (p, 2) L₂ (h + p, k + 2p)
D x = -p x=h-p
AOS y=0 y=k

LEFT
STANDARD FORMS
F (-p, 0) (h - p, k)
LR L₁ (-p, -2p) L₁ (h - p, k - 2p)
Opening V (0,0) v(h,k) L₂ (-p, 2) L₂ (h + p, k + 2p)
D x=p x=h+p
Upward x² = 4py (x – h)² = 4p(y – k) AOS y=0 y=k

CONVERTING SF TO GF
Downward x² = –4py (x – h)² = –4p(y – k)

Right y² = 4px (y – k)² = 4p(x – h)

Left y² = –4py (y – k)² = –4p(x – h)

PARTS OF A PARABOLA
1. Vertex
- sharpest turning point of a parabola
2. Focus
- defines the parabola CONVERTING SF TO GF
- p units away from the vertex
- always within the parabola
3. Axis of Symmetry
- divides the parabola into half
- passes through the vertex and the
focus
4. Latus Rectum
- passes through the focus
- parallel to the directrix
- has a length of 4p
5. Directrix
- equal to the distance of vertex and
focus
 PRE-CAL REVIEWER
Ellipse Foci
f₁ (c, 0) f₁ (h + c, k)
f₂ (-c, 0) f₂ (h - c, k)
- Locus of all points in a place such that the
sum of their distances from the two fixed VERTICAL C (0,0) C (h,k)
points (foci) is constant. V₁ (0, a) V₁ (h, k + a)
Vertices
V₂ (0, -a) V₂ (h, k - a)

Co- W₁ (b, 0) W₁ (h + b, k)
vertices W₂ (b, 0) W₂ (h - b, k)
f₁ (0, c) f₁ (h, k + c)
Foci
f₂ (0, -c) f₂ (h, k + c)

CONVERTING SF TO GF

c² = a² - b²
a² = b² + c²
b² = a² - c²

a>b

ORIENTATION C (0,0) C (h,k) CONVERTING GF TO SF

Horizontal

vertical

PATTERNS IN FINDING THE PARTS OF AN

ELLIPSE

horizontal C (0,0) C (h,k)

V₁ (a, 0) V₁ (h + a, k)
Vertices
V₂ (-a, 0) V₂ (h - a, k)

Co- W₁ (0, b) W₁ (h, k + b)

vertices W₂ (0, -b) W₂ (h, k - b)
 PRE-CAL REVIEWER
HYPERBOLA Foci
f₁ (c, 0) f₁ (h + c, k)
f₂ (-c, 0) f₂ (h - c, k)
- Locus of all points on a plane such that
Equation of
the difference of their distances from asymptotes
y = ± b/ax y = k ± b/a (x - h)

two fixed points (foci) is constant.

VERTICAL C (0,0) C (h,k)
V₁ (0, a) V₁ (h, k + a)
Vertices
V₂ (0, -a) V₂ (h, k - a)

Endpoints of the W₁ (b, 0) W₁ (h + b, k)

conjugate axis W₂ (b, 0) W₂ (h - b, k)
f₁ (0, c) f₁ (h, k + c)
Foci
f₂ (0, -c) f₂ (h, k + c)

Equation of
y = ± a/bx y = k ± a/b (x - h)
asymptotes

CONVERTING SF TO GF and vice versa -

same as ELLIPSE but its negative

SOLVING FOR ASYMPTOTES

c² = a² + b² b² = c² - a² a² = c² - b²
Center to Vertex = a
Center to an Endpoint of Conjugate Axis = b
V₁ to V₂ = Transverse Axis
W₁ to W₂ = Conjugate Axis

ORIENTATION C (0,0) C (h,k)

Horizontal

vertical

Horizontal: positive x, negative y, Vertical: negative x, positive y

horizontal C (0,0) C (h,k)

V₁ (a, 0) V₁ (h + a, k)
Vertices
V₂ (-a, 0) V₂ (h - a, k)

Endpoints of the W₁ (0, b) W₁ (h, k + b)

conjugate axis W₂ (0, -b) W₂ (h, k - b)