Winter Term Final Formula Sheet

February 19, 2016

1 Unit 1: 3 Unit 3:
dw ∂w dx ∂w dy ∂w dz ZZ Z b Z d Z β Z r2 (θ)
= + + V = z dR = f (x, y) dx dy = f (r, θ)r dr dθ
dt ∂x dt ∂y dt ∂z dt a c α r1 (θ)
R

dy ∂f /∂x
=− ZZ s
dx ∂f /∂y ZZ
∂~r ∂~r ∂z 2 ∂z
SArea = || × || dR = ( ) + ( )2 + 1 dR
∂u ∂v ∂x ∂y
R R
∇f (x, y, z) = fx~i + fy~j + fz~k
R β R r2 (θ)
Flat Area: A = α r1 (θ)
r dr dθ

Du f (x0 , y0 , z0 ) = ∇f (x0 , y0 , z0 ) · u For a Sphere, ρ(θ, φ) = a:

Tangent Plane at point P of f (x, y, z) = c:
∂~r ∂~r
|| × || = a2 sin(φ)
∇f (Px , Py , Pz )· < x − Px , y − Py , z − Pz > = 0 ∂θ ∂φ
Tangent Plane at point P of f (x, y) = z:
4 Useful Trig:
z = f (Px , Py ) + fx (Px , Py )(x − Px ) + fy (Px , Py )(y − y0 )
cos(α − β) − cos(α + β)
sin(α) sin(β) =
2
∆f (x, y, z) ≈ fx ∆x + fy ∆y + fz ∆z cos(α − β) + cos(α + β)
cos(α) cos(β) =
2
2 Unit 2: sin(α) cos(β) =
sin(β + α) − sin(β − α)
2
Du f (x, y) = fx (x, y)a + fy (x, y)b (1)
= hfx (x, y), fy (x, y)i · ~u (2) sin (2θ) = 2 sin θ cos θ
= fx (x, y) cos(θ) + fy (x, y) sin(θ) (3)
cos (2θ) = cos2 θ − sin2 θ
= ∇f (x, y) · ~u (4)
2 tan θ
The maximum value of the directional derivative Du f (x): tan (2θ) =
1 − tan2 θ
• Occurs when u has the same direction as gradient vector
Z
u sin(2u)
sin2 (u)du = − +C
• The maximum rate of increase is the length of the gradi- 2 4
ent vector
Z
u sin(2u)
cos2 (u)du = + +C
Tangent Plane: 2 4

~ 0) = 0
∇F (x0 , y0 , z0 ) · r0 (t Z
tan2 (u)du = tan(u) − u + C
D = D(a, b) = fxx (a, b)fyy (a, b) − [fxy (a, b)]2
• If D > 0 and fxx (a, b) > 0, f (a, b) is a local minimum.
• If D > 0 and fxx (a, b) < 0, f (a, b) is a local maximum.
• If D < 0, f (a, b) is not a local maximum or minimum
(probably a saddle point).
Lagrange Multipliers:
∇f (a, b) = λ∇g(a, b)