40 Functional Equations

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1. f : N N, f (n + 1) > f (f (n)) for all n ∈ N


2. Find a function f : N N such that, f (f (n)) = 2n for all n ∈ N


3. f : N N, f (m)2 + f (n) | (m2 + n)2 for all m, n ∈ N


4. f : N N, f (f (a) + f (b)) = a + b − 1 for all a, b ∈ N
5. f : N N, for all a, b ∈ N there exists a non-degenerate triangle with side length a, f (b),


f (b + f (a) − 1).
6. Let g : R

R, such that g(x) = x − [x].


Find all functions f : R R such that, g(f (x + y)) = g(f (x)) + g(f (y)) for all x, y ∈R.
7. f : R R, (f (x) + f (z))(f (y) + f (t)) = f (xy − zt) + f (xt − yz) for all x, y, z, t ∈R.

8. f : R+  x+y


2xy

R+, f continuous, f (x) + f (y) = f 2 + f x + y for all x, y ∈R+.



9. f : R R, f (x + y) = max {f (x), y } + min {f (y), x} for all x, y ∈R.


10. f : R R, f (x − f (y)) = f (f (y)) + xf (y) + f (x) − 1 for all x, y ∈R.
11. f : R R, f (x) ≥ ex for all x ∈ R and f (x + y) ≥ f (x)f (y) for all x, y ∈R.

 
12. Prove that there are no functions f , g such that, f (g(x)) = x2 and g(f (x)) = x3 for all x ∈ R.
13. Does there exist any continuous function f : R R such that, f (x) ∈ Q x Q ?

14. f : R+    
R+, f yf y
x x 4
= f (y) for all x, y ∈R+.



15. f : R R, |f (x) − f (y)| ≤ (x − y)2 for all x, y ∈ R.
n  o
x 
16. f : R R, f (x + f (y)) = y + f (x) for all x, y ∈R and the set f (x)  x ∈ R is finite.

17. f : R+  x
y

R, f (x)f (y) = y αf 2 + x βf 2 for some constant α, β ∈ R and for all x, y ∈R+

18. f : R+   
x
R, xf (y) − yf (x) = f y for all x, y ∈R+



19. f : R R, f (f (x) − y 2) = f (x)2 − 2 f (x)y 2 + f (f (y)) for all x, y ∈R
20. f : R R, f (f (x) + y) = xf (1 + xy) for all x, y ∈R

21. f : R  R, f

x + f (x)
+ + (2z)

= 2x − f (x) + f (f (y)) + 2f (z) for all x, y, z ∈R


2
y f


22. f : R R, f surjective and strictly increasing, f (f (x)) = f (x) + 12x for all x ∈R


23. f : R R, f (x + y 2) ≥ (y + 1)f (x)2 for all x, y ∈R


24. f : R R, f (y)f (xf (y)) = f (xy) for all x, y ∈R


25. f : R R, f (x)f (y) ≤ |x − y | for all x ∈ Q and y  Q


26. f : R R, f (x + y) ≤ yf (x) + f (f (x)), Prove that f (x) = 0 for all x ≤ 0


27. f : R R, f ((x + 1)f (y)) = y(f (x) + 1) for all x, y ∈R


28. f : R+ R+, f (x + y) ≥ f (x) + yf (f (x)) for all x, y ∈R+
1


29. f : R+ × R+ R+, xf (x, y)f y, x = yf (y, x) for all x, y ∈R+


30. f : R+ R+, f (x)2 ≥ f (x + y)(f (x) + y) for all x, y ∈R+
31. f : R R, f (xy)(f (x) − f (y)) = f (x)f (y)(x − y) for all x, y ∈R

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2 Section 2

32. Prove that there doesn’t exist any function f : R  R, such that,
• f (1) = 1
• ∃M ∈ R+ s.t. |f (x)| ≤ M ∀x ∈ R
1
1

• f x + x2 = f (x) + f x 2 for all x ∈ R
 R x


33. f : R0 R and f (x) ≤ 0 f (t) dt for all x ≥ 0. Prove that, f (x) = 0 for all x ≥ 0
f (x) + xn
34. f : R+ R+, f (x + yn + f (x)) = f (x) , ∈ Q for all x, y ∈R+


f (y) + y n

35. f : R+ R+, f (x + yn + f (x)) = f (x) for all x, y ∈R+

2 Most Favorites
1. Find all functions f : R+  R+, such that,


f (x − f (y)) = f (x + yn) + f (y + f (y)) for all x, y ∈ R+ and a fixed positive integer n ≥ 2.
2. Find all continuous functions f : R+ R+, such that, f (xf (y) + y f (x)) = f (f (xy)) for
all x, y ∈ R+
x2 − f (x)2


3. f is a function such that f ′(x) = x2(f (x)2 + 1) for all x > 1. Prove that, limx ∞ f (x) = ∞


4. Is there any strictly increasing function f : R+ R+, such that, f ′(x) = f (f (x)) ?
5. f : R+ R+ such that,
• f (x) = x if x ≤ e
• f (x) = xf (ln x) if x > e
P∞ 1
Prove that n=1 f (x) diverges.

Dhananjoy Biswas
ebappa1971@gmail.com