Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.

net

ww
w.E
a syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
et

**Note: Other Websites/Blogs Owners Please do not Copy (or) Republish

this Materials without Legal Permission of the Publishers.

**Disclimers : EasyEngineering not the original publisher of this Book/Material

on net. This e-book/Material has been collected from other sources of net.
Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net
 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

關ı
ıı* k rï . .

C o n v e n t io n a ı& O b
q u e s t io n s & A n

ie
wEwn g m e e r l i
w.E
asy fo r

c o m p e tngiin i
E S
( eer
it h G u id e ı
in e s to ı
n te rv ie 门
w
ing a n d Sa m p le In t e e t
rv ı s

.ne
v e d P a p e rs o f
II
ı Fu ı y So ı
ı
t
C o m b in e d E n g in e e r in g S e rv ic e s &
'

Y C iv iıS e r v ı
ces E x a m ın a ï ıo n u p t ıı z u ı

KH A N N A SH
P U S Lı

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

C o n v e n tio n a l& O b je c tiv e T yp e

Q u e s tio n s & A n sw e rs

o n

M E C H A N IC A L E N G IN E E R I N G
fo r C o m p e titio n s

Lt ・c lu d in g a s ep a . Iıt e s e c tio n o n I n te r u ie ıu s

ww
w .Eax u ţ i n i -￠x į
syE
ngi
nee ER R K JA IN
rin
g.n C o m p ile d

S m t S U N IT A
an d E d ite d b y

JA IN

et

K H A N N A P U B Lı
S H E R S
O p e r a tio n a l O ffic e
4 5 7 5 /1 5 O M {A R H O U S E G R O U M ) F L O O R
! ,

D A R Y A G A N J } N E W D E L H I 1 10 0 0 2
P ho n e : 0 1 1 2 3 24 3 0 4 2 i0 1 1 2 3 24 3 0 4 3 i M o b 9 8 1 1 54 14 6 0
e ın a il k h a n n a p u b lis h e r s @ y a h o o in

W e b s it e w w w kh a m ıa p u b lis h e r s in

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

团团团自曲曲 自 由 自 Scanned by CamScanner
 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

P u b lis h e d b y
:ı
R C K h a n n a & V in e e t K h a n n a
"

fo T K H A M Q A P U B L IS H E R S
2 B N a th m a r k e t
N a i S a r a k D e lh i 1 1 0 0 0 6 (In d ia )
,

V ,rs it u s a t : w w w k h a n n a p u b lis h e

ww H olo g r a i ıı & D e s c r ip t io n
￡s P le a s e m a k e s u r e th a tthere
T o a ll r e a d e r s o f o u r b o o lc s to p r e v e n t y o u r s e lf fr o m b e in g fr a u d e d b y p ir a te d b o o 】

w
,

is a l ı H o lo g r a ın o n th e c o v e r o f o 1ır b o o lt s w ith th e b e lo w s p e c ific a tio n s 1f y o u n a n y b o o k w ith o u t t e H o lo gr an op

{i d h

Th k in g y o u .Ea
D e s c r ip tio n , p le a s e m a il u s a t k lıa n n a p u b lie h e r s © y a h o o Iıı

syE
a n

2 C h a n n e lE « e c t

ngi
nee
rinX
-

g.n
e
G

t
J IS B N N o 9 7 8 8 1 9 3 3 2 84 8 4

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

P re fa c e t o t h e T h ir tie th E d i tio n

T h is b o o k h a e b e e n t h o r o u g tıly r e v i吕e d a n d u p d a t e d a s p e r th e n e w e c h e n ıe a n d e y lla b m p r e s c r ib e d

b y U P S C f o m 2 0 1 7 o n w a r d s T h e iııte r v ie w q u e s tio n s a n d a n s w e r s p o r tio n lıa s b e e n e n la r g e d to in e ı u de

h
la te s t t y p e o f in t e r v ie w q u e s t io n s T h e s e h a v e b e e n a r r a n g e d s lıb je c t w is e It is lıo p e d t a a u
t t d e n t w ill
fin d it n ıo r e u s e fu l
o m 2 0 1 7 o n w a r d s (P r e lim h ıa r y , S t a g e I) E x a m in a t io n w ill h a v e tw o p a p e r s P a p e r I (c o m a ııo n fo r
a ll b r a n c h e s o f E n g in e e r in g ) w ill b e b a s e d o n ' G e n e r a l S tıt d ie s a n d E n g fn e e r iw Ą p P aper
II w ill b e E n g in e e r in g d is c ip lin e s p e c ific T h is b o o k w ill s e r v e th e p u r p o s e o r c a f le r in g P a p e r n To
,

u ir e m e n t s o f P t e b o o k o n t h e s u b je c t e n e r a l S t ııd h * a ï ıd
co v er re q I A th h
a p er itt
,
u o r a s w r en se p a ra
E n g in e e r in g t i t ıt d e ' T h is b o o k is n o w a v a ila b le in m a r k e t It h a s b e e n w T it te n e x c lu s iv e ly a s p e r

a n sw e rs ww
t h e p r e s c r ib e d s y u a b u s It c o n t a in s s u fn c ie n t t h e o r y p o r tio n fo u o w e d b y o b je c tiv e ty p e q u e s t io n s a n d
It a ls o c o n t a in s s o lv e d p a p e r o f 2 0 1 7 e x a m in a tio n s a iıd a ırıo d e l t e s t p a p e r (fu lly s o ı v e d ) It i8

fr o ın t h e

A lt h
w
h o p e d t h a t c a n d id a t e s w ill b e g r e a tly b e n e i t l e d b y th is n e w b o o k
T h e b o o k h a s a ls o b e e n r e v is e d c o r ıı le t e l in a c c o r d a ııc e w ith tı
s tu

o u
d e n ts

gh
a s

e v e r y
w

e
e ll
.Ea
a s fr o m th e a s
p ıe v a lu a b le s u g g e s t io n s r e c e iv e

p ir a n
y
ts o f th e co m p e t itiv
d
e e x a m

fï o r t is e x e r c is e d t o m a k e it e r r o r ir e e e r r o r s a r e in e v it a b le h ı w o r k o f t s
in a t io
hi
n s

n ıa

if
g n it u d e
a i ıy
I lo o k fo r w
syE
a r d fo r t h e c o n s t r u c t iv e c o m n ıe n t s , s u g g e s t io n s fo r
in ıp r o v e m e n t a i ıd c o r r e c t io n ,

ngi R K JA ı
N

nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

3 ţ Į h
ţ ţl
PrÁ4ļł
Ş
u s in g s im ila r m e t h o d s t o ju d g e t h e k n o w l
is o n in c re a s e
M a n y o rg a n is a t io n s a r e e d ge
of
i i t e c h n iq u e
f o f q u e s t io n in g h a s b e e n in th e E
su c h q u e s t o n n g
d s w e rs , t h e o t h e r o r m
t ı
tip ı t i n s a n a n s y
s im p le m u ı
e q u e s o e of
ca n d id a te s A p a r t fr o m
d d e te in in g h e th e g iv e n r e a s o n s t
t r u t h o r fa ls e a n rm w r
d re a s o n fo r he
a s s e r tio n a n
,
in in g
he n o m e no n exam
id in g a s in gı
e w o r d (s ) fo r a i
g e n s ta te m e n t
v
a bo u t a n y p h o ic e
,
p ro v e tc
a n ks
in g b ı
filı o ut o f g iv e n c s,
th e a s s e r tio n
ex pı a n a tio n fo r d e to a x im u m s s ib le
,
be c o v e ru p m po ty p e o f
it i n s , a t te m p t h a s e n m a
t im e t o tim e t h r o u g h s e v e ra ıe d o
F ro m ,
l e n g in e e r in g a s po s s ib ı
e
a o f m e c h a n ic a
h a re

ww
a s m u c
u e s tio n s a n
d aı
s o to c o v e r ha v e be p r o v id e d in itia lı
q d in fo r m a t io n e n
y in
bı u ic k r e v ie w o f th e su b je c t im p o r ta n t fa c t s a n
In o rd e r to e n a e q ,

f th e co m m o n ly u se d t e r m s M u ltip le c ho ice
e n t /d e fin it io n s o
f m o st o
h a p t e r s fo ı
ıo w e d by s t a te m
t h e fo r m f v a r io u s c fte
id e d t h e

w
o re a r
fte r h a p te rw is e a n d a n s w e rs p ro v
p ro v id e d t h e r e a
c
have bee n
q u e s t io n s
e s s e n t ia l th a t a g a in in g in s ig h t in to e a c h
fte r

.Ea h a p te it is
m ix u p o f a ll t h e c rs ,
S in c e t h e q u e s t io n p a p e r c o v e rs a ic a ıe n g in e e r in g a s a s u b je c t a n d
t ir e fie ıd o f m e c ha n
v e s t o t a c k le e n
b je c tw is e stu d e n ts g e a r u p th e m s e ı id e d fo r a llthe
c h a p te r su ,
b in c lu d e d A n s w e r s h a v e b e e n p ro v
f 1 8 o q u e s tio n s e a c h h a v e e e n
a c c o r d in

m o

g in e e r in
g ly
d e ıt e s t p a p e
e ig h t

g s e rv c e
rs
m o d e ıt e s t p a p e rs o
So ı v e d p a p e rs p r o

s a n d c iv iıs e r v ic e s
syE v id in g a p p ro a c h t o s o

exa m in a t io
lv e a lo n g w it h d e t a iı
n s fro m 200 6
e d s o lu t io n s fo r p a p

o n w a rd s
e

ha v e a ı
so be e n in c lu de d Se v e
rs s e

ra
t in c o m bin e d
l q u e s tio n s on

ngi
e n d
a n ks Ha v e a ls o be e n c o v e re
a tc h in g f t h e tw o p a r ts , filı
in g u p bı e tc
i n s & a n s w e rs
t io n a n d s h o r t q u e s t o
m o
k is tio n ı
n te rv ie w p re p a ra
A t h e r a d d it io n t o t h is e d it io n o f th e b o o a se c o n
n o

sa m pı e in t e r v ie w s T h e s e g u
in e s a n d
id e ı
ly a s k e d in t h e in t e rv ie w s
sa m pı e

w h ile t h e q
in t e r v ie w s
nee
u e s t io n s
w o u ld g iv e t h e r e a d e rs a fa ir ly g o
h a v e b e e n t a k e n a n d fr a m e d fr o
o d id e a

m th e q
o f t h e ty p e
u e s tio n
of

p a p e rs

qu e s t io n s u s u a ı

b je c t rin
g t o t h e ir

g.n
in t e r v ie w re ı
a tin su

and
ha s be e n co m p ile d
ıb e w e lc o m e d A l t h is e n t ir e e d it io n
fu r t h e im p ts s h a ı s u su a
te a c h e rs
n y s u g g e s tio n s fo r ro v e m e n

e
A r ,

m e ro u s
e a n d c o n s t r u c t iv e s u g g e s t io n s
h a v e b e e n r e c e iv e d fr o m n u
d it e d b y s m t s u n it a J a in a n d v a ı u a bı o s s ib le
e

a n d s t u d e n ts w h o h a d u s e d t h is b o o
k o v e r a d e c a d e d u e t o w h ic h t h e p r e s e n t s h a p e o

o o k fo r w a r d t o r e c e iv e c o n s t r u c
\ w ill a g a in ı
o f t h is b o o k
t iv e s u gg e s t io n s a n d c o m m e n t s w h ic h
f th e b o o k h a s b e e n p
c a n fu r t h e r im p
ro v e th
e u tiı

R K JA
ity

ıN
t

ĺl
Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner
 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
T h is b o
ngi
lic a ţ e c l ţ

nee
o k is c le c o m g F a th e r
S h riT C Ja in
ln o ipirecl ţ it e it

rin
w w \ o w r

g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

IM P O R T A N T IN F O R M A T IO N
U PSC and
o t h e r o r g a n is a tio n s h
a v e n o w s t a r te d c o n d u c tin g o b je c tiv e ty p e p a p e rs In o b je c tiv e ty p e o f q u e s tio n s ,
t h e c a n d id a te is n o t r e u ire d t
q o w r it e d e ta iı e d a n s w e r s T h e q u e s tio n s a r e d e s ig n e d to m e a s u re n o t o n ı y k n o w le d g e
b u t a ls o u n d e rs t a n d in g a n d o w e
p rs o f a n a ly tic a ıa n d c r itic a l t h in k in ili l k
g , a b ty to a p p y n o w e g l d e t o n e w s it u a t io n s a n d
c a p a c it y to m a ke ju d g e m e n t s F
o r e a c h q u e s tio n s e v e r a l o s s ib ı
p e a n s w e r s a re g iv e n a n d c a n d id a te h a s to c h o o s e o n e
m o s t s u ita b ı e a n sw e r

T h e q u e s tio n p a p e r i5 iv e
g n in t h e fo r m o f a te s t b o o k le t b e a r in be 1 2 3 E tc A n d a se pa ra te a n s w e r
g num r , ,

s h e e t is a ls o p r o v id e d to t h e c
a n d id a te T h e n u m b e r o f t h e b o o kle t s h o u ld b e t r a n s fe r r e d t o a n sw e r s le e t T h e te s t
b o o k le t c o n ta in s s e v e ra l q u e s tio n s a b t
, ( o u 2 o o q u e s tio n s to b e a n s w e re d in 2 ho u rs ) ea ch g iv e n so m e n u m be r ,
an d
b e lo w e a c h q u e s tio n , s u g g e s te d a n s w e
rs m a r ke d (a ) (b ) (c ) E tc A re g iv e n T he ca n d id a te h a s t o c ho o s e o n e c o r re c t
, ,

a n s w e r In c a s e h e fe e ı s t h e r e a re m o r e t h a n o n
e c o r r e c t a n s w e rs h e h a s to ,
c ho o se o n e b e st o ut o f th e s e ,
as in c a se

ww
o f s e le c tio n o f m o re th a n o n e a n s w e rs h is
, a n sw e r w ill b e c o n s id e re d w ro n g A n s w e r s a re to b e m a r ke d in t h e a n s w e r
she e t o n ly a n d n o w he re e ls e n th e
ı a n s w e r s h e e t, t h e n u m be r o f q u e s tio n s a n d t h e a n s w e rs N o (o ), (b ), (c ) E t c
a re p r in t e d a g a in s t e a c h qu e s t io n be A fte r th e d id a te h a s
n u m r can re a d a q u e s tio n in t h e te s t b o o k le t a n d d e c id e d
w h ic h
a n sw e r
w
f t h e g iv e n a n s w e r s is c o r r e c t o r is t h e b e s t h h
o

c h o s e n (c ) a s t h e c o r re c t a n s w e r to a
p y

.Ea p
e a s to m a
b y b la c k e n in g it n e a r ly a n d c o m le t e l w it h e n c il t i d i
o n
, r k t h e r e c t a n g le c o n ta in in g t h e tre«er o f t h e s e le c t e d

c a te t h e c h o ic e o f h is a n s w e r F o r e x a m p le if h e h a s
,

q u e s tio n t h e r e c ta n g le o n w h ic h (c ) is p r in t e d s h o u ld b e b la c ke n e d a g a in s t t h a t
q u e s t io n n u m b e c It is im p o r ta n t t o n o te t h a t in k s h o u ld n o t b e u s e d fo r b ı
,

syE
th e s e a r e c h e c ke d b y a n o p tic a ıs c o r in g m a c h in e w h ic h is in s e n s it iv e to im
b lu e m a r k in g a c c o r d in g ly it is e s s e n tia l t h a t c a n d id a t e u s e s o n l o o d u a ı
y g q
a c ke n in g t h e r e c t a n g le s o n a n s w e r s h e e t a s

p r o p e r m a r k in g a n d m a y n o t b e a b le t o r e a d
ity h b p e n c il if a w r o n g m a r k is m a d e it

ngi
,

s h o u ld b e c o m p le t e ly e r a s e d b y a g o o d q u a lit e ra s e r w h ic h d o e s n o t b la c k
y e n th e a e r fu r t h e r a n d c o r t p p ,
re c a n sw e r
re m a r ke d T he a n sw e r s h e e t sho u ld b e p ro p e r ly h a n d le d so a s n o t to fo ld o r w r in k le , o r spo il it

fo llo w e
A s th e

d
A lt h o
m e
e v a lu a t io n

tic u lo u s ly

gh h
is d o n e m e c h a n ic a lly ,
a lıt h e in s t r u c t io

nee ns g iv e n in t e s t b o

te s t s t r e s s e s a c c u r a c y m o re t h a n s p e e d , it is im p o r ta n t fo r c a n d id a t e s t h a t t h e u s e t h e ir t im
o k le t n ee d to b e re a d c a re fu ı
ly a n d

rin
u su c a
y e
as e tftc ie n t ly a s p o s s ib le T h e y s h o u ld w o r k s te a d ily a n d a s r a p id ly , a s t h e y c a n w it h o u t b e c o m in l If
, g c a r e e s s a n y ques
tio n is d itftc u lt , s a m e m u s t b e s lip p e d o v e r w it h o u t w a s tin g m u c h tim e o n it, a n d p a s s o n to th e o t h e r u e s tio n
co m e

t h e re
b a c k t o d itftc u lt
b e in g n o c h o ic e
o n e s

a n d
la te
e ac
r,

h qu
if t im e

e s tio n
p e rm it s
c a r r ie s e
It is

qu a
a ls o
q s a nd

g.n
im p o r ta n t t o n o t e t h a t a ll q u e s t io n s h a v e t o b e a n s w e re d
ım a r k s M a r k s a r e g iv e n o n ly fo r c o r r e c t a n s w e rs t h e r e b e in
,

e
, g
g a t iv e m a r k in g fo

t
n o n e r w ro n g a n s w e rs

( ix )
Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner
 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

i E x a m in tio
g S e rv c e s
a n
fo E n g in e e r in
abu
U p S C S y lı s r

ır D is p u r ( u
G w a h a t n , G ın g to k , ïì y d e r a b a d , I m p h a l, Ita n a
i c t t k D e lh i, D h a lw ga r, Ja
h n a c ,

P a n a ji (G o a ), P a tn a , P o r tb la ir , R a ip u r
c h a n d ig a r h c o c
u ,
M d i N a p u r pıır
Ja m m J o r h n t K o h iln l l u c
kn ow , C hen n , a i a u r a ,

i
,

h
a n «l V ie h a k a p a t n a m
, S a ln b
a
,
i
v a n dru m , U da p u r
u ,
,

i a ar T i p a t i T r i
s h illo n g s h im la s r n g ,
r u ,

h n e o f c e n tr e w ill n o r m a lly b e g r a n t e d H o w e v e r w
,

h ld t t h a t n o r e q u e s t fo r c a g he n a
T h e c a n d id a te s s o u n o e
F o r m fo r th e E x a m i
f t h h e h a d in d ic a te d in h is A p p lic a t io n n t i
can
d id n tc d e s ir e s a c h a n g e in c e n e t r r o m e o n o a on h
b e M
d tu th c s e c r e ta r y , u n io n P u b lic S e r v ic e
C o m m s s o n y gi st e re d P o e t , g iv in f
i i ,
irıt
s e n d a le tte r a d d r e s s e g u ll ju a t
ill b i d d it b t ióc a
tio n a s Lo w h y h e d e s ir e s a c h a n g e in c e n tr e
S u ch re qu e s t s w c c o n s e r e o n m e r s u r e q u e s ts r e c e iv
e d irı
h J ill t b t t i d u n d e r a n y c ir c u m s t a n c e s n o r w ill S U C H thd
C o m m is s io n s
'
O lfice a R e r 14 t u n e w n o e e n e r a n e COm m u
lie d tn
b e r e p li
,
n ic a ti
o ă

ww
R e c r u itm e n t o n t h e r e s u lts o f th is e x a m in a t io n w ill h c m a d e to fo llo w in g S e r v ic e s /p o s ts

C a t e g o r y II M e c h a n ic a lE n g in e e r in g

(ii) In d ia
w
(i) In d ia n R a ilw
n

(iii) C e n tr a l W
R a ilw
a

te r E
y o fM
y S to r e s S e
.Ea
e c h a n ic a

rv
l E n g in e e r s
ic e (M e c h a n ic a l E
G ro u p A
'

n
・
S

g in
e r u

e e r in
ic e s lp

g P
o

o s
s ts

ts )

syE
g in e e r in g S e r v ic e (M e ch a n ic a l E
a
g in
n
n e e r in g S e r v ic e ) (M e ch a n ic a l E
(iu ) C e n tr a l P E
n g in e e r in
g p o s ts )
ow e r n g in e e r in g S e r v ic e (M e ch a ic a l E g in e e r in
n n
g P o s ts )
(u ) In d ia n O r d in a n ce F a c to ń e s S e r v ic e (E n in e e r in B
g g r a n c h ) (M e c h a n ic a l E
g in

ngi
(u i) In d ia n N n e e r in g p o s ts )
a v a lA rm a m e n t S e r v ic e (M e c h
a n ic a l E n i
g n e e r in g p o s ts )
(u ii) M ilita r y E n g in e e r S e r v ic e (ID S E E le c tr i l
ca a n d M e c h a n ic a l C
a d r e ) (M e ch a n

nee
ic a l E g in e e r in
g p
n
o s ts )
(h ) A s s is ta n t E x e c u tiv E
e n g in eer (E le c t & M e ch ) (M ech a n
e e r in g p o s t s ) B
ic a l E n g in
o r de r R o a ds E
(x ) In d ia n In s e c tio
(x i) D r illin E n i
p n s e r v ic e G r
o u p A (M e h
' '
c a n ic a l E n
,
g g p o s ts ); rin n g in e e r in
g

g.n
g g n e e r O u n io r ) in G S I
(x ii) M e c h a n ic a l E
n g in e e r (J
u n io r ) G r o u
(x iii) A s s is ta n t p A in G S I
M a n a g e r (F a c to

e
i
r e s )D e a t
p r m e n t o f T e le c o
m (T e le c o

t
m lr a c t o r ie s o r
(x u ) W o r k s h o g a n is a t io n )
p O ffic e r G r o u p 'A (M '
e c h a n ic a l E
n gg P o st
s ) in t h e C
orps o f E M
E , M in is tr o f D
y e fe n ce

(r u in w
o rks h o p o ffic e r G
p B
'
ro u
(M e cha n ic a l E
E lig ib ilit n g in e e r in
g p o s ts ) in th e c
y c o n d it io n s (i) N a tio lity
o r ps o fE M E M in is tr y
n a A ca n d id a te , o f D e fe n ce
m u st be e ith e r : (a ) a c it iz e n o f In d ia o r (b ) a su bje c t
,
E th io p ia Ith
o r fr o m v i
e tn a m ith th e in t

二
二二二
w
(II ) A g e L i e n tio n
n ıit s
o fperm
A c a n d id a n en tly se ttlin
a t e fo r th g in In d ia
is ex a m in a tio n m u st hav e a tt a in e d th e
(a ) o b ta i a ge o f2o ye a rs a d m t have
d " lic a tio n u s n ot
de gr e e
:
n e a
in E n i n s For d m is s ioO th e ye a r o f e x a m in
g n e e r in f a
n to th a tio n
g ro m a U iv e
n e rs ity
(c ) o b ta i
n e d a d e g r e e /d
ip ı
om a in E n g in e e r in
(d ) P a s g fr o m su c h fo r e i
sed G ra du a te M gn u n iv
em be rs h i ers it y /c :e g m s u ch
o
p Exa m in a tio n s t itu t io n a n d u n der
n o f th e In s t it
u tio n
o f E le c t
ro n ic s a n d T e le c o n ın ıu n ic a tio n
Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner
 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

(x i )

d A s s o c ia te M b e r s h ip E II /S e c tio n
d II】 A d B f th e A e ro n a u tic a l S o c ie ty o f
pa sse e m x a m in a tio n p a r ts a n s a n o

In d ia or

d B ) o f th e In s t it u t io n fM ha ic a l E g in
(
w(I n d ie d) A s s o c ia t e M be A n e e rs
e m rsh ip E x a m in a tio n s (S e c tio n s an o e c n

a o r

p d G r a d u a t e M e m b e r s h ip R
a sse x n m in a t io n o f th e In s tit u tio n o f E le c tr o n ic s a n d R a d io E n g in e ers ,
In n do n
h e ld a fte r N o v e m b e r 1 9 5 9
,

(】
V )P E E d id a t e s e e k in g a d m is s io n t o th e Ħx n m in a t io n m u ßt p a y t o t h e C o m m ißB io n a fe e o f t 1 0 0 0 0
A ca n

(R u p e e s O n e h u n d r e d o n ly ) P a y m e n t m u s t b e m a d e th r o u g h C e n t r a l c r u i t m e n t F e e S ta m p 8 o r c r o 8 8 e d B a n k D r a ft
fr o m a n y b r a n c h o f t h e S t a t e B a n k o f In d ia p a y a b le t o th e S e c r e t a r y U n io n p u b lic S e r v ic e C o m m is s io n a t N e w D e lh i
,

o r t h r o u g h c r o s s e d In d ia n P o s t a l O r d e r s i i t t h e N e w D e lh i
p a y a b le to t h e S e c r e t a r y , U n io n p u b lic S e r v ic e C o m m s a o n a
G e n e r a l P o s t O ffic e
C A N D ID A T E S B E L O N G IN G T O S C H E D U L E D C A S T E S /S C H E D U L E D T R IB E S A R E N O T R E Q U IR E D T O P A Y A N Y FE E

R ev is io n o f S ch e n ıe a n d S y lla b i o f E n g in e e r in g d is c ip lin es to b e im p le m e n te d fr o m th e E n g in e e r in g S e r v ic e s
R x n m in n tio n ,
2 0 17

ww
B a se d o n th e re co m m en d a t io n s o fE x pert C om m it t e e d b y th e U n io n P u b lic S e r v ic e C o m m is e io n
B fo m ıe ,
th e
G O V e r n m e n t M in is t r y o f R a ilw a y s ) h a s c o n v e y e d it s a i th e a c h
p p r o v a l t o t h e fo llo w in g S t r u c t u r a ıc h a n g e a n e n ıe

a i ıd e y lla b i o f th e E n g in e e r in g S e r v ic e s E x a m in a tio n to b e im p le m e n te d f o m th e y e a r 2 0 1 7 o n w a r d e

S ta g e I
w R e v

.Ea
is e d S e h

ĺE=g i n e e r
e n ıe

in g s e
o

r v
f th

i"
e

"
E

p
n

. e
g in e e r

li. In a r
in g S e

y_
r v

ta g e 1 ) E
ic e s R

x a m
x a m

in a
in

t io
a

n
t io n

(o h je c t iv e T yp e p a
P a pe r I :

んr a ll C
syE
G e n e ra l S t u d ie s a n đE n g in ee ń n g A p t it u d e P a pe r 2 ho
20 0 M
u rß

a rks
đu ra

(m
t io

a x
n

ngi
E n g in ee H n g D is c ip lin e Sı
】e c ific P a per 3 hou r= du ra t io n

3 00 M a r k e (m a x )

nee
S ta s e i S u b ーT o ta l 6 心口 M a r lu \ (m a 卫. )

M in im u m Q u a lify i n g M a r k s fo r e a c h P a p e r s h o u ld b e a t t h e d is c re tio n o f t h e C o m m ia a io n

O ı
y th e d id a te s q u a lify in g ıt t h is S t a g to b e p itt e d to fo r S ta g e II e x a in ti o

rin
n se c a n ı e e rm a pp ea r m a n

S t a g e II E n g in e e r in g Be rv ie e ß (M a in ß/s t a g e iD R x a m in a t io n (C o n v e n t io n a l T yp e P a p em )

p a pe r I : E n g in e e r in g D is c ip lin e S p e c ilic P a pe r I

g.n 3 ho
300 M
u re

a
du
r k a (m
ra t io

a x
n

p a

S ta g e 夏
至：
pe r II : E n g in e e r in g D is c ip lin

S
e

u b T
Specific P a p e r

o ta 】
II

e 3 h
300 M

吕心口 M
o u rs

a r

a r
t
du
k e (n

k s (m
ra

ıa x

a x
t io n

S ta g æ l ◆ S t a g æ ll Su b T o ta l 110 0 M a r ı
ĺ a ( )

O n ly t h o s e C a n d id a te s q u lıı
i fy in g a t t h is S t a g e (L e ,
S ta g e I + S t ııg e II ) to be p e rm itt e d to * ıp p e a r fo r S ta g e III
e x a m in a t io n

S ta g e m P e r a o ııa lity T e et 200 M a r k « (m a K )

s ta g 》 ï ◆ 吕t a g l i ◆ s ta g e m læ T o ta l ı3 0 0 M a r lm (m a » )

O n ly t h o s e C a n d id łıte a q u a lify in g a t t h is S tt ıg e (Ĺ e ł S t a g e I ◆ S tq g e II ◆ S tııg e ıII ) t o b e in c ı u d e d ir b t h e F in a ıM e r it

L is t o f E n g g S e r u ic e s E x a n L T h u s t h e m łır k s a e c u r e d b y t h e c a n d id a t e s in t h e S ta g e ï (O b je c ti u e ty p e p a p e r a ) o f t h e
E n g in e e r in g S e r u h e s E x a m in a ti o n s h o u ld b e a d d e d t o t h e m r h a s e c u r e d in t S ta g e II fc o n u e n tio n 4 ıłty p e p {ıp e r ı)
o f t fıe E x a n ıin a t io n a n d S t q g e 1 11 (P e r a o n a lił y T e s o a n d a c c o r d in g ly , = u c T\ m a r k ・ s e c u r e d b y th e c a n d it ta te a in
S tııg e I a h o u 【d a ls o b e c o u n t e d fo r m r it

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

d E g in e e r in g A p t it u d e P a p e r (S t a g e I , P a p e r I)
f th G e ııe r a l S t lu d ie s a n n
d C o n te n ts o e
B r o a
i i
G g in e e n n g n p ı t u t e
e n e r a l S t u d ie s a ııd E n

2 ho u rs u d tio n 2 00 M a r ks m a x i
C o m m o n to a tıC a rL d iď a te s
ra
p a p e r I O b je c tiu e ty p e
, , m u łn )
(s ta g e I .

S ta g e I
,

w ill b e s e t in P a p e
r I of
T he qu e s tio n s fr o m th e fo llo Ħń n g T o p ic s
l im p o r ta n c e r e la t in g T o s o c ia l, e co n o m ic a n d in d u a tri
c u r r e n t is s u es f a tio n a l a n d in t e r n a tio n a
o n j a
1
d e v e lo p m e n t
d A n a ly tic a l A b ility
C o v e r in g L o g ic a l R e a s o n in g a n
2 E n g in g A p titu d e
e e r in
d N u m e r ic a l A n a ly s is
3 E n g in e e r in g M a th e m a t ic s a n
D w in g , Im p o r ta n c e o
f S a fe t y
4 G e n e r a l p r in c ip le s o f D e s ig n , r a
a n d S e r v ic e s
i P r o d u c tio n , C o n s tr u c t io n , M a in t e n a n c e
5 S ta n d a r d s a n d q u a lit y p y a c tic e s n
a n d D e g r a d a tio n
C o n s e r v a tio n , E n v ir o n m e n t a l P o llu t io n C lim a te
B a s ic s o f E n e r 8 y a n d E n v ir o n m e n t :
,
6
t
C h a n g e E n v ir o n m e n t a l Im p a c t A s s e s s n ıe n
,

7 B a s ic o f P r o je c t M a n a g e m e n t
8
9 ww B a s ic ófM a te r ia l S c ie n
In fo r m a tio n a n d C o m m u n ic a tio n T e c h n o lo g ie s (
ce a n d E
IC T ) b a s e d t o o ls
d t e c h n o lo g y a s e d e d u c a t io n
b
n g in e e ń n g
a n d t h e ir a p p lic a tio n s in E n g in e e r in g s u ch

10

N
Th
o
w a s n e tw o r k in g e g o v e r n a n c e a n

E tł

te
p e r in G
,

ric s a n d V a lu e s in E n g in e e r in g
P r o fe s s io n

.Ea l S tu d ie s a n d E n g in e e r in g A p t it u d e w ill in c lu d e k n o w le d g e o f r e le v an t to p ic s

syE
e p a e n e r a

t e d fr g in r in g g r a d u a t e , w it h o u t s p e c ia ı s t u d y
a s n ıa y be ex p e c o m m e n e e

fr o n ı a ll t h e 1 0 t o p ic s m t io n e d a b o v e s h a u b e s e t M a r k s fo r e a c h T o p ic n ıa y r a n g e fr o m
q u e s t io n s e n

1 5 % o f t h e t o t a l m a r k s in t h

ngi
5 % to e p a p e r

U IW O N P U B L I C S E R V I C E C O M M IS S I O N , N E W D E L H I
E N G IN E E R IN G S E R V I C E S E X A M IN A T I O N (E S E ) S Y L L A B I

C on te n ts fo r a b
syįı i o f b o th t h e P a p e r s
B r a n c lu D is c

to g e t h e r
ip lin
neee M e c

fo r S t a g e I o b je c tiu e
h a n ic a lE n g in
ty p e
e e r

P a
in g

p er ııa n ď sep e ra y fo r S ta g g
te ı i
ı

C o n u en tio n a ıty p e P a

P A P E R
p e r ıa
I
n d P a p e r ĮI

rin
1 F lu id M
B
e c ha n ic s

C o n c e p ts a n d p r o p e r tie s o f F lu id s M a n o m e t r y , F lu id s t a t ic s B
a s ic u o y g.n
a n cy E q u a tio n s o f M o t io n , B e m o u
lli s
'

e
, , ,

e q u a tio n a n d a p p lic a t io n s v is c o u s a o w h i
th r o u g p p e s
o f in c o m p r e s s ib le fluids L a m in a r d T r b u le n t flows , F lo w

t
, ,
a n u
a n d h e a d lo s s e s in p ip e s

2 The rm o dyn a m ic s a n d H e a t T ra n s fe r
f
Th erm o dyn d p r o c e s s e s ; p r o p e r tie s o f p u r e s u b s t a n c e z e r o t h F ir s t a n d s e c o n d L a w ó o
a m ic sy s te m s a n
; ,
T b e r J n o d y n a m ic s ; E n tr o p y I r r e v e r s ib ilit a n d a v a ila b ilit con v er
, y y a n a ly s is o f t h e r m o d y n a m ic c y c le s r e la te d to e n e r g y
s io n R a n k in e , O tt o D ie s e l a n d D u a l C c le s id e a l a n d
re a lga se s;co m
, y ; p r e s s ib ility fa c t o r G a s m iJc tu r e s
M o d e s o f h e a t t r a n s fe r S t e a d a n d lın s t d h o n vec
, y e a y e a t c o n d u c tio n T h e r m a l r e s is t a n c e , p in s F r e e a n d fo r c e d c
tio n C o r r e la tio n s fo r c o n v e c tiv e h b o ilin g
,

, e a t t r a n s fe r R a d ia tiv e h e a t tr
, a n ser R a d ia tio n h e a t t r a n s fe r C O e fn c ie n t
an d c o n d e n s a t io n H e a t e x c h a n g e r p e r fo r m a n c e a n a l s i
, s y
3 IC E n g in e s R e fr i e r a tio n a d A i
, g n r c o n d itio n in g
S I a n d C I E n in e s E n i E n g in e s
g g n e S y s te m a n d c o m p o n e n t s p e r fo r m a i ıe e c h a r a c t e r is tic s a nd t e s tin g o f IC
F u e ls ; E m is s io n s a n d E
le s C o m
,
m is s io n C o n tr o l v a
p o u r c o m p r e ș s io n r e fr ig e r a t io n , R e fn g e r a n t s a n d W o r k in g e y ,
C
X
p r e s s o r s o n d en sers E v a p o r a to r s a n d E x a n s i
,
,
p on d e v ic e s o th e r ty p e s . ' " m " " io n s y s te ın s
I:k e
,

ch a r t, C om fo r t a n d in d u s tr ia l a ir c o n d it io n in g L d
o a ca lc u la tio n s a n d H e a tp s
, u m p
4 T u rb o M a c h in e ry
R ec ip r o c a t in g a n d R nd
o ta r y p u p lt o u ls e a
h l K a p la n a n d F lo c ity d ia g r a m s Im p
m p s e n w e e
R e a c tio n p r in c ip le s , S te a m
, r a n c is T u r b in e s v e
tin g
a n d G a s T b in e s , T h e o ,
ci ro c
a
ry o f J e t p r o
d R a m J e t E n g in e s R e p
u r
a n d R o ta r y C p u ls io n p u ls e je t a n ,
o m pressors Th e or y a n d A p p lic a t io n s

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

( x iii )
5 Po w e r P la n tE g in e e r in g
n

R a n k in e a nd B r a y to n c c le s w ith
y r e g e n e r a tio n a n d r e h e a t F u e ls a n d th e ir p ro p e r tie s ,
F lu e ga s a n a ly s is
B o ile r s , s t e a m
, ,
t u r b in e s a n d o th e r
p o w e r p la n t c o m p o n e n ts lik e c o n d e n s e r s , a ir j
e e c to rs e le c t r o s ta tic p r e c ip ita to r s a n d
c o o lin g to w e r s
,
th e ir th e o r y a n d d e i
s g n , ty p e s a n d a p p lic a tio n s

6 R e n e w a bı
e S
o u rc e s o f E n e r
gy
S o la
R a d ia tio n S a la r T h e r m a l E
r
n e r g y c o lle c tio n
, F la t p la t e a n d fo c u s in g c o lle c to r s th e ir m a t e r ia ls a n d p e r
fo r m a n c e S o la r T h e r m a l E n e r
g y S t o r a g e A p p lic a t io n s h e a t in g , c o o lin g a n d p o w e r G e n e r a tio n S o la r P h o to v o lt a ic
C o n v e r s io n Harnessing o f W in d E n e r
g y B io m a s s a n d T id a l E n e r g y M e t h o d s a n d A p p lic a tio n s , W o r k in g p r in c ip le s
,

o f P u e l C e lls

7 E g in e e r in g M e c h a n ic s
n

A n a ly s is o f S y s t e m o f F o r c e s F r ic tio n C e n tr o id a n d C tr e o f G ity , D y n a m ic s ; S t r e s s e s a n d S tr a in s C
, , en ra v o m
p d S tr e s s e s a n d S tr a in s B e n d in
g M om en t a n d S hea r F
o u n
, o rce D ia g r a m s , T h e o r y o f B e n d in g S t r e s s e s s lo p e a n d
d e H e c t io n T o r s io n T h in a n d t h ic k C lin d e r s S h e r e s
y ,
, p

ww
B E n g in e e r in g M a te r ia ls
B a s ic C r y s t a llo g r a p h y A llo y s ,
a n d P h a s e d ia g r a m s H e a t T r e a t m e n t , F e r r o u s a n d N o n P e r r o u s M e t a ls N o n
, ,

m e ta llic m a t e r ia ls , B a B ie s o f N a n o m a t e r ia ls M e c h a n ic a l P r o p e r t ie s a n d T e s t in g , C o r r o s io n p r e v e n t io n a n d c o n tr o l

w
,

9 M e c ha n is m s a n d M a c h in e s

M e ch a n
ty p e s
is m
o f K in

.Ea
e m a t ic s P a ir M o b ility In v e r s io n s K in e m a t ic A n a ly s is V e lo c it a n d A c c e le r a t io n A n a l s is o f P la n e r
, y , y ,

C A M s w it h u n ifo r m a c c e le r a t io n a n d r e t a r d a tio n c y c ļ o id a l m o t io n o s c illa t in g fo llo w e r s ; V ib r a t io n s

s ,
,

F r e e a n d fo r c e d v ilJ r a t io n o f u n d a m p e d a n d d a m p e d S D O F s y s t e m s T r a n s m is s ib ilit R a tio V ib r a tio n Is o la t io n C r it ic a l

,

syE
, y , ,

S p e e d o f S h a fts G e a r s G e o m e tr y o f t o o t h p r o lile s L a w o f g e a ń n g In v o lu t e p r o lile In t e r fe r e n c e H e lic a l S p ir a l a n d

,
, ,

W o r m G e a r s G e a r T r a in s s im p le c o m p o u n d a n d E p ic y c lic D y n a m ic A n a ly s is S lid e r c r a n k m e c h a n is m s tu m h ı
,
, g
t t a t io b a la n c in f R lv in g & R e c ip r o c a ti
n g G yro E ffe c t f G yro p ic p le o n
m om en com p u n s g o e v o m a sse s pe

ngi
, sco s o sco co u
a u to m o b ile s ,
s h ip s a n d aircras , G ov e rn ors

10 D e s ig n o fM a c h in e E le m e n ts

d e s ig n
D

b e a r in g s B
o
e s ig n
f m a c h in
ke s
fo r s

e
t a tic a n d s yn a m

nee
ic lo a d in g fa ilu r e t h e o r ie s ; fa t ig u e s tr e n g th a n d th e S N d ia g T a
e le m e n t s s u c h a s r iv e t e d , w e ld e d a n d b o lt e d jo in t s S h a ft s , S p u r g e a r s , r o llin g

n d c lu t c h e s , ñ y w h e e ls
m

a n d
p r in c ip le s o f t h e
s lid in g c o n t a c t

rin
,
ra a

11 M a n u tu r in g , ı
fa cn d u s tr ia l a n d M a in te n a n c e E n g in e e r in g

g.n
M e ta l c a s t in g m e t a l fo r m in g , M e t a ljo in in g , M a c h in in g a n d m a c h in e t o o l o p e r a tio n s , L im it s , ū t s a n d t o le r a n c e s ,
M e t r o lo g y a n d in s p e c t io n c o m p u te r in t e g r a t e d m a n u fa c t u r in g , F M S , P r o d u c t io n p la n n in g a n d c o n t r o l In v e n t o r y c o n
tr o l a n d o p e r a tio n s r e s e a r c h C P M P E R T F a ilu r e c o n c e p ts a n d c h a r a c t e r is t ic s r e lia b ility , F a ilu r e a n a ly s is M a c h iT ıe

e
,

v ib r a tio n , D a t a a c q u is it io n , P a u lt D e te c t io n , V ib r a t io n M o n it o r in g P ie ld B a la n c in g o f R o t o r s , N o is e M o n it o r in g W e a r

t
,

a n d D e b r is A n a ly s is , S ig n a tu r e A n a ly s is , N D T T T e c h n iq u e s is C a n d itio n M o n it o r in g

12 M e c h a tr o n ic s a n d R o b o tic s

M ic r o p r o c e s s o r s a n d M ic r o
, p con tr o lle rs : A rc h it e c t u
in g , U O , C o m p u t e r in t e r fa c in g P r o r a m m a b le
re ro gra m m
, g
lo g ic c o n tr o lle r S e n s o r s a n d a e t u a t o r s , Ħ e z o e le c tr ic a c c e le r o m e t e r , H a ll e ffe c t s e n s o r , O p t ic a l E n c o d e r , R e s o lv e r , In
d u c to s y n , p n e u m a tic a n d H y d r a u lic a c tu a t o r s s t e p p e r m o t o r , C o n tr o l S y s t e m s M a th e m a t ic a l m o d e llin g o f p h y s ic a l
s y s te m s c o n tr o l s ig n a ls , c o n tr o lla b ility a n d o b s e r v a b ility R o b o t ic s , R o b o t C 1a s s ilic a Ł io n , R o b o t S p e c ilic a tio n , n o t a tio n
,

D ir e c t a n d In v e r s e K in e m a t ic s H o m o g e n e o u s C o o r d in a te s a n d A r m E q u a tio n o f fo u r A × is S C A R A R o b o t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

s a ııd E g iııe e r in g A p t it u d e P a p e r (S t a g I, p
ts f th G e n e r a l s tu d ie n e
B r o a d c o n te n o e a pe r 1)
ııd E g in e e rin g A p t it u d e
G e n e r a l S tu d ie s a n

zC a n
ı d id a te s 2 h o u r s d u ra t io n 200 M
p a p e r ı o b je c tiu e ty p e c o m m o n to a a p hs
, ,

(s ta g e I , rn a
ıiJ
i P aper I f S ta g e I
T he qu e s tio n s fr o m th e fo llo w in g T o p ic s w ill b e s e t n
o n ı
t
nçi
l t in g to ia l
d international mport ance r e a
so c e co n o
1 C u r r e n t is s u es o f n a tio n a l a n ,
m ic a n d
d e v e lo p m e n t
e e r in g A p tit u d e C o v e r in g L g ic a l R e a son in g a n d A n a ly tic a l A b ility
i"
d
E g in
2 n o

th tic s d N e r ic a lA ly s is
3 E n g in e e r in g M a em a a n u m n a

4 G l P r in c ip le s o fD es ig n D r a w in g , I m p o r ta n ce o f S a fe ty
e n era ,

S ta n d a r d s d q lity P r a c tic e s in P du c t io n C o n s tr u c t io n M a in t e n n n c e a n d S e rv ic e
5 a n u a ro , ,
s

f E d E ir o n t C tio E ir o n m e n ta l P o u u t io n d D
6 B a s ic s o n er gy a n n v m e n : o n se r v a n ,
n v a n e gra d a tio
C ha n ge ,
E n v ir o n m en t a l Im p a c t A s s e s s n ıe n t
n , C
W

ww
7 B a s ic o f Fr o je c t M a n a ge m e n t
8 B a s ic o fM a t e r ia l S c ie n c e a n d E n g in e e r in g
9 In fo rm a t io n a n d C o m m u n ic a tio n T e chn o lo g ie s (I C T ) b a s e d t o o ls a n d th e ir a p p lic a tio n s in E
g in

w
n e e r jn
a s n e tw o r k in g , e governance a n d te c h n o lo g y b a s e d e d u c a tio n q

.Ea
10 E t h ic s a n d V a lu e s in E n g in e e r in g P ro fe s s io n
N o te
T h

syE
e p a p e r in G e n e r a l S t u d ie s a n d E n g iııe e m g A p t it u d e w iu in lu d e k le d g
c n o w e o f r e le v a i ıt to p it
a s ın a y b e e x p e c te d » o n ıa n e n g in e e r in g g r a d u a t e , w it h o u t s p e c ia l s tu d y a

Q u e s t io n s o n ı a ll t h e 1 0 t o p ic s n ıe n t io n e d a b o v e s h u b t M k fo h T p ic
a e s e a r s r e a c o n ıa y
5% r a ıı e
g fr o m

ngi
to 1 5 % o f t h e t o t a l n ıa r k s in t h e p a p e r

U M O N P U B L IC S E R V I C E C O M M I S S I O N N E W D E T ĦT
,

nee
E N G E R I N G S E R V I C E S E X A M IN A T I O N (E S E ) S I
B r a ııc h /D is ip lin M h a ııi e a lE
c e e c n g iııe e r in g
C o n te n ts fo r s yįı
a bi o f b o th th e P t o g e t h e r f° ・ S t a g e ıo b je c tiu
a p e rs ty p P II

rin
e e a p e r a n d se p e r a te ı
y fo r S ta g e n
C o n u e n t io T Ła į ty p e P a p e r I a n d P a II
p er

P A P E R I
1 Fı
u id M

B a s ic
e c

C
ha n

o n ce
ic s

p t s a n d P r o p e r tie s o f F lu id s M a n o m e t r
, y , P 1u id S t a tic s , B u o y g.n
a n c E q u a t io n s o f M o t io n B e m o u M s

e
t io d y '
e qu a n a n a p p lic a t io n s , V is c o u s flo w o f in c o m p r e s s ib le Ðu id
s , L a m in a r d T b u le n t Ħo w s F lo w t l o u g h p ip e s

t
a n
a n d he a d lo s s e s in p ip e s
u r
,

2 T he rm o d yn a m ic d H t T ra
s a n e a n s fe r
Th e rm o dyn a m ic s te d p r o c e s s e s ; p r o e r tie
y s m s a n
p s f p u r e s u b s ta
; Z of
o
The rm o dyn am ic s ; E n t r o p y I r T e v n c e e r o th F ir s t a n d S e c o n d L aw s
e r s ib ility a n d a v a ila b ilit
,
y a n a ly s is o f ţ h e r m dyn
s io n R a n k in O tt o , D ie s e l a n d D o a m ic c y c le s r e la t e d t o e n e r gy co n v er
e u a l C y c le s ; id e a l a
n d r e a l g a s e s c o m
M des
; p r e s s ib ilit y fa c t o r G a s m ix t u r e s
o o fh e a t tr a n s fe r S te a d y a n d u n s te a d h e a t
y c o n d u c t io n T h e r L u a l r e s is t a n c e F in s F r e e a n d fo r c e d c o n v
t io n C o rr e la t io n s fo r co n v e c t iv e h e a t t r a n s fe r
,
R a d ia t iv e h e a t t r a n ,

a n d den t io H
,
s e r R a d ia t io n h e a t t r a n s fe r c o e iħc ie n t ; b o ilin g
c o n s a n e a t ex ch a n g e r f a n c e a n a ly s is
, p e r o r m

3 ı
C E
n g in e s , R e fr i e r a t io n a
g n d A ir c o n d itio n in
g
S I a n d C I E n g in e s E n in
g e S y s te m a n d C o m
p o n e n ts p ,
fo d t e s t in g o f I c E n g in e
e r rm a n ce c h a r a ct s
F u e ls E m i s s io n s a n d E m is i e r is t ic s a
s o n C o n tr o l V a p o u r c o m n

C o n d e n s e r s E v a o r a to r p r e s s io n r e fr ig e r a t io n R e fr i e r a n t k i l C ı
o ıı
n d w o r y e s
pressors , p s a n d E x p a n s io n d e v ic g s , a n g e
e s O th e r t
,
yp e s o f r e ĥ 4g e

a n d H e a t p lım p s
4 Tu rb o M a c h in e ry
R e c ip t in g d R ta
ls e a il d
r o ca a n o ry pu m p p e lt o n w h e e l K a l
s
R t io ip le
,
p an a n d F r a n c is T b in lo c it y d ia g r a m s , Im p u
e a c n p r in c S te d G T u r e s v e
s , a m a n a s b in e s T h e o r o f J e t p
u r ,
th r g
d R a m J e t E n g in e s , R e c ip
y ls io p r ca
o
a n d R o ta r y C Th
, r o p u n u ls e je t a n
o m p re s s o rs e o ry a n d A p p lic a t io n s

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

S y lla b u s fo r G A T E Ex am s

G E N E R A L A P T IT U D E (G A )
V ba lA io g ie W d G
p le tio n p s , In s tr u c ti
C n a s or ro u
v e r b a l A b ility E g lis h G r a m
n m a r S e n te n ce o m ,
er ,
-
UW (
, " '
,

ca lR e a son in g a n d V e r b a l D e d u c tio n
N e r ic a l E s tim tio n N lım e r ic a lR in g
lC p u ta t io n
ic a l A b ility N e r ic a
a e a son
N u m e r u m om u m , an d D at
】
,
a n
p r e ta t io n

E N G IN E E R IN G M A T H E M A T ı
CS

L in e a r A lg e b r a M a tr ix a lg e b r a ,
S y s te m s o f lin ea r e qu a t io n s ,
E ig e n V a lu e s a n d E ig e n v e c to r s

C a lc u lu s u n c tio n s o f S in g le V a r ia b le
F L im it, c o n t in u ity a n d D iH b r e n tia b jlity , M e a n v a lu e th e o r
, em B m
tio n f d e fin ite , d
a o a n d i m p r o p e r in te g r a is P a r tia l d e r iv a tiv e s T o ta l d e r iv a tiv e M a x im a a n d M in im a G
r a d ie n
, ,
,
\ nliï ,

d C r l, V e c t o r id e n t it ie s

ww
gen ce a n u D ir e c tio n a l d e r iv a tiv e s , L in e , S U C e a n d V o lu m e in t e g r a is S to k e
,
, s, Ga u
s B aı
G re e n
'
s th e orem s

D iffe t ia l E q u a t io n s F ir s t de r tio n (lin d lin

r e n or e qu a s ea r a n n o n ) H ig h e r d e r lin dirential equ

w
e a r ,
o r ea r
t io n ith s t a n t coefficients
s w co n
, Cauchjs an d E u le r '
s e qu a tio n s In it ia l a n d bo u n d a ry v a lu e p ro b le m s L a p la c e b a

.Ea
,
fo r m S o lu tio n fon d im e n s io n a
,
m
lhea t t io
s , s o e a n d w a v e e qu a n s a n d L a p la i
t on
ce e qu a
C o m p le V ia b le A ly tic fu tio n C a u ch
x a r s n a
e o T e m , T a y lo r a n d L a u r e n t s e r ie
n c s ,
s
ls in t e g r a l th
P r o b a
M e d ia n , M o d e a n d S t a n d a r d D
b ility
d S t a t is t ic s Definitions o f r o b a b ilit a n d
a n
p
e v ia t io n R a n d o m V a r ia b le s P i

N u m e r ic a l M e t h o d s N u m e r ic l
so ı
, syE
y
o s s o
s a m p lin g th e o r e m s C o n d itio n a l r b

n ,
, p o a biliw M ea ņ
N o r m a l a n d B in o m ia l D is tr ib u tio n
,
s
,

ngi
u t io n s o f lin e a r a n d
n o n lin e a r a l e b r a ic e u
a
e z o id a l a n d S im ' g q a tio n s In t e g T a tio n by b a p
p s o n s r u le s in g le a n d m u lti s t e m e th o d f
p s o r d ifï ė r e n tia l e
q u a t io n s
,

nee
A P P L IE D M E C H A N IC S A N D
D E S IG N
E n g in e e r in
g M e c h a n ic s F r e e b o d y d ia r a m s a n d
g e q u ilib r iu m tr u s s e s
d d y n a ın ic s o f a r tic l a n d fr a ir tu Jw k k in e m a tics

rin
a n m e s ;v a or
p e s a n d o f r i id b o d i
g e s in p la n e m o tio
n , in c lu d in im p u ls e
a n d e n e r g y fo r m u la tio n
s ; im p a c t
g a n d m om e n tu m (lin ear an d an g u la r)

P la n e s

d e lle c tio n
tr e s s
o
a n

f be a m
d p la n e s

; to
tr a in
r s io n
,
th in cy lin d e r s ; s h e a r fo r ce a n d b e n d in
g m o m e n t d ia g r g.n a m b e n d in g a n d s h e a r s tr e s s es

e
s o f c ir cu la r sh a fts ; E s
u le r ' s t h e o r o f c o lu m n s s t
y r a in e

t
Th fM ; n er gy m e th o d s ; t h e r m a l s tr e s s e s
e o r y o a c h in e s D is p la ce m e n t, lo c ity
v e a n d a c c e le r a tio ly s is
n a n a f p la e ch a n is m lys is
; d j?n a n ıic a n
o n e m a
s
V ib r a t io n s Free d fo r c e d
a n v ib r a t io n o f s in g le d e r e
g e o f feedom sy s te m s ; eiet o f da m p in g v ib r a tio n is o la

P le s o f th e d e s i n
g fm a ch in
o e e le m ts s u ch a s
ta c t b e
en b o lte d r iv e te d
co n a r in gs, bra kes a n d ld e d jo in
w e
i
,
a n d c lu tc h e s ts s h a fts s pu llin g a iıd s l d n g
i
, , r ge a r s ,
ro

FLU ı
D M EC HA Nı
c s A N D TH ER M
A L SC ı
ENC ES

m en tu n ıa n d e n e rg
y ßu id a cce le r a tio n d iffe re n tia l e qu a t io n s f
o t in
p ip es ben ds
co n u ity a n d m om en tu m B e m ou l】
i's equatio
, e tc

H e a t T fe
ra n s n M o des o f h e a t tr a n s fe r on e d im e n s io n a lh e a t co n d u c t io n is t a e le c tr ic a
la n al
,
r e s n ce con ce p t,

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

iq t

(« u )
T \ ıe r m o dyn a m ic s Z e ro th F ir s t a n d S e c o n d la w s o f th e r m o dyn a m ic s th e rm o dy n a m ic s y s te m a n d p ro ce s8
,

es; C a r n o t ycle , ir r e v e r s ib ility a n d a v a ila b ility beh a v io u r o f id e a l a n d rea l ga se s , p r o p e r tie s o f p u r e e u b e ta n c e s ,

c a lc u la t io n o f w o r k a n d h e a t in id e a l p r o c e s s e s ; a n a ly s is o f th e r m o dyn a m ic c y c le s r e la te d t o e n e r g y c o n v e r s io n
A p p lic a t io n s P o u ìe r E n g in e e r in g S t e a m T a b le s R a n k in e , B r a y to n c y c le s w ith r e g e n e r a tio n a n d r e h e a t I C ,

E n g in e s a ir s t a ııd a r d O 忱 o D ie s e l c y c le s R e fn g e r a t io n a n d a ir c o n d itio n in g , V a p o u r r e fr ig e r a t io n c y c le , h e a t p u M p s ,
,

g a s r e fn g e r a tio n , R e v e r s e B r a y to n c y c le m o is t a ir p s y c l o m e tr ic c h a r t, b a s ic p s y c h r o m e tr ic p r o c e s s e s
T u r b o m a c h in e r y
P e lt o n w h e e l F r a n c is a ııd K a p la n t u r b in e s
,
im p u ls e a n d r e a c tio n p r in c ip le s v e lo c ity d ia g r a m s ,

M A N U F A C T U R IN G A N D IN D U S T R IA L E N G IN E E R IN G

E n g in e e r in g M te ia ls S tr tu d p r o p e r tie f e n g in e e r in a t e r ia ls , h e a t tr e a tm e n t, s tr e s s s tr a in d ia
a r u c r e a n s o g m

gr a m s fo r en g in e e r in g n ıa te r ia ls
M ta l C ig n d lin g r is e r a n d g a t in g d e s ig n d e s im
e a s t in g D e s o f p a tt e m s ,
m ou ld s a n d co r e s ; s o lid iñ c a t io n a n coo ,

c o n s id e r a t io n s

; lo d t im
g P la s t ic d e fo r m a t io n a n d y ie ld c r it e r ia ; fu n d a m e n t a ls o f h o t a n d c o ld w o r k in g p r o c e
ıin
F sse s a e s a
o m

t io n
ce sse s
fo r
;p
ww
b u lk (fo r g in g r o llin g e x t r u s io n d r a w in g ) a n d s h e e t (s h e a r in g d e e p d r a w in g b e n d in g ) m
r in c ip le s o fp
,

o w der m
,

e t a llu r gy
b o n d in g d e s ig n
,

id e r a t io n
e t a l fo r m in g p r o

in ld in g

w
J o in in g P h y s ic s o fw e ld in g , b r a z in g a n d so ld e r in g a dh e s iv e co n s s w e

M h in in g d M h in T l O p h in in g , s in g le
t io M e ch a n ic s f a n d m u lti p o in t cu tt in g t o o ls

.Ea
a c a n a c e o o e r a n s o m a c

to o l g e o m e tr y a n d m a t e r ia ls , t o o l life a e a r e c o n o m ic s o f m a c h in in g p r in c ip le s o f n
n d w o n tr a d it io n a l m a c h in in g p r o

ce ss e s ;p r in c ip le s o f w o r k h o ld in g , p r in c ip le s o f d e s ig n o f jig s a n d fix t u r e s

g a u g e d e s ig
M
n
lo g y a n
e tr o p
in t e r fe r o m e t r y
m a rıu fa c t u r in g a n d a s s e m b ly
d I n s e c t io n

syE
L im it s fit s a n d t o le r a n c e s ; lin e a r a n d a n g u la r
fo r m a n d fin is h m e a su re m e n t; a lig n m e n t a n d t e s t in g m
m ea su re m

e t h o d s ; t o le r a
en ts ;
n ce
co m

a n a
p a r a

ly s is in
to r s

C
p
o n ıp u

r o d u c
te

t io
r

n
In t e g r
P la n n
a te d M

in g a n
a n u

d C
fa

o n
c

tr
tu

o
r

l F
in g B
o r e ca s t in g ngi
a s ic c o n c e

m o
p ts
d e ls ,
o f C A D /C A M

a g g r e g a te p r o d u
a n d t h e ir in t e g r a t io
c tio n p la n n in g ,
n

s ch e
t o o ls

d u lin g , m a te r i

a ls re q u ir
In
e m

v e n
e n

to
t p la

r y C
n n

o n
in g

tr o l D e te rm in is t ic a n d p r o b a b ilis tic
nee m o d e ls ; s a fe ty s t o c k in v e n to r y co n tr o l s y s t e m s

rin
d d u p le x th d , tr a ta t io ig n t, t
p r o g r a m m in g , s im p le x
L in n sp o r n a s s m e n n e
O p e r a t io n s R e s e a r c h e a r a n m e o ,

w ork a ow m o d e ls , s im p le q u e u in g m o d e ls , P E R T a n d C P M

g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

g .

W
.

A
Ħu id is a s u b s t a n c e t h a t is c a p a b ı e o f n o w in g , d e c r e a s e s th e s u r fa c e t e n s io n in w a te r S u r fa c e t e n s io n o f
co n fo t o s h a p e o f c o n ta in in g v e s s e l d e fo r m s c o n t in u o u s ly
rm s w a t e r is 7 4 1 6 d y n /c m a t O C , 7 1 32 a t 20 C
°
6 0 7 1 a t 9 0 °C °
,

w h e n it is s u b je c te d t o e v e n a s m a lle s t s h e a r s t r e s s A n id e a l

ww
flu id is fr ic t iıi n le s s a n d in c o m p r e s s ib le F a r lv e w lo n ia n p u id s
t h e r e i6 a lin e a r r e la t io n b e tw e e n th e m a g n it u d e o f a p p lie d
h e a r s t r e s s a n d t h e r e s u lt in g r a t e o f d e fo r m a t io n V is c o s it y
,
T ıe p h e n o m e n o n o f r is in g w a t e r in a t u b e o f s m a lle r
d ia m e t e r d ip p e d in w a t e r , is c a lle d c a p illa r ity o f w a t e r
T he c a p illa r y r is e o fw a te r in a tu b e ,
m a y be ca lc u la te d

w
s
fr o m th e fo rm u la
is t h a t p r o p e r ty o f a U u id b y v ir t u e o f w h ic h it o ffe r s r e s is t a n c e

.Ea
4 cr c o s a
t o s h e a r U n it o f v is c o s it y is p o is e o r 1 g m /c m /s e c h
uJ d
l p o is c =
or
y) T h e a bs o lu t e v is c o s it y . ' " ," " h," ^ = ca p illa r y r is e ° = in n e r d ia m e te r o f th e tu b e

syE
, , ,

a = a n g le o f con ta c t o f w a te r su r fa ce
2 0 2 °C is 1 c e n t ip o is e a n d o f a ir is 0 1 7 c e n t ip o is e
cr - fo r c e o f s u r fa c e te n s io n in N /m per u n it le n g th o f
th ip h e r y

ngi
e p er
1 ce n t ilJo is e -
p o is e
P r e s s u r e d iffe r e n c e b e tw e e n in s id e a n d o u t s id e o f a
liq u id d r o p o f d ia 'ď is 4 a ld b e tw e e n je t o f d ia ' ď a n d o f u n it
K in e m a t ic v is c o s i t y is th e r a t io o f a b s o lu t e o r

nee
le n g th 2 a /d a n d fo r s o a p b u b b le A p = 8 o /d
dy n ic v is c o s ity a n d t h e d e n s ity I t s u n it is s t o k e w h ic h is
a m

e q u a l to 1 c m
2/
se c V is c o s ity is p r a c t ic a lly in d e p e n d e n t o f T h e fo rce p er u n it a rea e x e r te d b y w a te r on th e s id e s

d b o tt o f it s t a in is lle d te T he
s u p o n t e m p e r a tu r e o n ly p
d d d a n tn o co n er ca w a r r e ss u r e
pre ss u re a n e p e n

Shea r s tr e s s =
p
Ė
dx
(p coe m c ie n t o f v is c o s ity p a s
in t e n s ity o f p r e s s u

it s d e p th » o m t h e
re a

s u r fa c e

rin
t a n y p o in t in w a t e
,
ie p - m h
r is p r o p o r t io n a l to

g.n
w here ,
uì is t h e v a lu e o f sp e c ific w e ig h t o fw a te r a n d h iB t h e
2
(N s /m )j d e p th f th e r s u r fa c e
o p o in t b e lo w w a te

l A c c o r d in g to P a s c a l' s la w t h e in t e n s ity o f p r e s su r e

e
Ĺ u
is k n ow n a s v e lo c it y g r a d ie n t or ra te o f s hea r ,

a t a n y p o in t in a H u id a t re s t is t h e s a m e in a ll d ir e c tio n s

e tr a in

th a t s h e a
a n d it is

r s tr e s s
ze ro fo r O

is p r o p o r tio n
u id s a

a
t re s

l to
t Th

dx
e

is
la

ca
w w h ic h

lle d JV e u tto n
s t a te s

'
s b u 1】
￡m
The

o d u lu
c o m

s o
p r e ss

f e la s tic ity
ib ilit y

ķ w
o f

h ic h is
a liq u id is

e qu a l to
ex

d u lu
t
p r e s s e d b y it s

C a p illa r y

la u l o f u is c o s ity F lu id s fo llo w in g t h is a r e k n o w n a s tt r a n is c a u s e d b y s u r fa c e te n s io n a n d b
tio
a c y th e r e la t iv e
N e w to n ia n n u id s a n d o t h e r s n o n n e w to n ia n O u id s A n id e a l v a luf a d h e s io n b e tw e e n liq u id a n đ s o lid to c o h e s io n o f t h e
e o
O u id o ffe r s n o r e s is ta n c e t o flo w b u t r e a l H u id d o e s T h u s liq u id If a liq u id h a s g r e a te r a d h e s io n th a n c o h e s io n it w o u ld
,

v ie c o s ity is z e r o fo r id e a l H u id b u t n o t fo r r e a l
n u id w e t th e s u r fa c e

G a u g e p r e s s u r e is m e a d ith fe
()
^ su re w r e re n ce to
p o r n o n n e w to n ia n flu id s ,
s he a r s tr e s s - . . ' , a tm p h e ń c p r e s s u r e a n d a b s l te
os re su re is m ea su re d w ith
r e fe r e n c e to c o m p le t e v a c u u m

w here A B a n d n a re c on s ta n ts
A b s o lu te P
, , re ss u re = A tm o s p h e r ic P re ss u re + G a u g e
L iq u id m o le c u le s a r e a t t r a c t e d to e a c h o th e r b y e qu a l p res s u re
fo r c e s in a ll d ir e c tio n s H o w e v e r o n th e su r fa c e th e y a re
L l d by
,
o ca a tm o sp h e r ic p r e s s u r e c a n b e m e a su re a

m e rcu r y ba rom e te r o r b y a n a n e r o id b a r o m e te r
th e o u tw a r d a t t r a c tio n 1 1 ıis c a u s e s th e liq u id s u r fa c e to s e e k
F or d itfe r e n tia l m an om e te r s h o w n in P ig 1 1
a m in im u m p o s s ib le a r e a b y e x e r tin g s u r fa c e te n s io n t a n g e n t
t o th e s u r fa c e o v e r t h e e n tir e s u r ta c e a r e a S u r fa c e t e n s io n h h - h 5 + h s + h ßa
. . , 1 z 2
is e x p r e s s e d a s fo r c e e r u n it le n g th S m a ll a m o u n t s o f s a lt h S 5 2 S a r e th e c ific g r a v itie s f th
p w ere
.. , ,
e a p p lic a b le s p o e

d is s o lv e d in w a t e r t e n d t o in c r e a s e t h e e le c tr o ıy tic c o n t e n t liq u id s in th e s y s t e m
a n d hen ce th e s u r fa c e te n s io n O r ga n ic m a t te r lik e B o a p

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

■
自自
由团鳥团 ，

M B C N A N IC A
L ıN O ı
N ￠ıR I
NQ

Ji
\
" ıV
ť

\V
1 w ı}\ lıır l
ı ıı ıiııı\ r l iıı
. .

ıı
ıır iï ıï ı ı
ı\ t ı t ııı
ı\ lı
ıııtt t ıt l n l p n \H n ıır ıl lb
ı
T ı l (!n

ĦĪ
R cu ı
v ed
rl\ ı
r n \ť I
t ı n ı1 łı
ıııı ıın ıı ıı\ lır ıl tı ııl ıı 11ı
,, rı
w ı
ı" ıı ı) x ıııı
l (ı l r i tır ¡
\ıľ ıl I ı
t łn \
ı
ıłmjtnı
uon
上j
' '
n \l ・ ľ \ ır v ıų \ ı, v t ır ıin ıl lııırn ııi
ı\l \ ıH \r \ ıI l \ I l\ ı' ı
iıııt t iıın ıh ıt v
p pmjuctlurık
ı ııl
ıľ { ırııp u ııu n l t\ r ılť n
T lıt ı v ıt ııiı l ııııllııı H H ı t ııııııľ iır t trı N ıl r t ı 11ır t o tłı ・
l ł\ c u ryed
pıtır ti\ť t \ irı u ıı t u ıl I n l ı w ıılu lıI t ıi liı ııı l
ı v t ır l ltıi\lly ı łb o v ū ı
' '
ı ı
lru
t'" r v u ıı lıt ır I\ıı
,t \ n ııt ıI " l ı' ın lin H ıı ıı
ı Iı ıı ıt ı l\ ı\ıı n ıır lı ıľ u ı In o o f .
n t:t io n n r ı h ıw l l in ıl I\ıT ľ t ı lııırın t ıpr ıı
"
W w lı IIıııt n n t m itl o f th e
ır ıııı
v n l\ ıı\\ıt r t u ıl łır ilıttw im łı l ı ı l ılr r ¡ı ln ıv ıl ıı
, j ï ı ı n x ı l ı , lu c ı ırv ed
・

pıtır n ıt ı\ \ ıp lı\ t ı \ıı r t ļ t tl u r Itı\ rw lı r n r y n t lu rłıır liw ıt

e re n tı
F lg 1 1 D ltı a lm n n o m o te r
I,' n ı lıtı
r iv n n \ ııl N \ ır h ıu u /i
'
Ill/tA

ww
=
,

o u s in \ p in g c m o n t o f v n p tm o c \ı\t ・rł t \H
r n \o ı
T h e c o n tin u
liq u id s u r fu c o ı iq u itl « lır li\c o
cıcıtus \ pr v s su ıo o n t h ľ
th c
k n o w n a s th e v ł\ p

w
o u ı p ıc s s t ıı c

In a c lo s e d s y s tt ın w a t t r v ł\ p n r is o s n \ p itlı y in rdit\ı ıR D u p t l\ ıı r ru n tr t ) o f p ıtiH n \ ır ı\ n flın n ııl l n ıir hl\

Í ì'

.Ea
.

l
w h e r e th e p r e s s u r e t r t t p s
h ?ı tn v t ı\ u v n p u tır p r t H tł\ ır u T ııIH '
A ľ t \ ır d in H lıı A r ııı ıı ıııu t ı
ıw lı
ıu w ı・iH h l u f n n tıh ıııu r g o d
k ıv it ł\ ı io ıï T h t v {\ ı m u r ı ıtılı bı
p h e n o tlre n o ır is n o w n n s
c ı ľ n
b t ıd y iH r t l l lt ı\ı\t ıı w I\ ııłııu t łm tl tı tı iı
ıtn tı \o w u i# h l u f th o liq u id

syE
fo r m e d in c a v ita t io n u 5 u n ı ly c u lln p s u n w i it)lt!ı ıt ıı\ łın ı\o r
d i◆p lu c u d ı ï V tı ıt \ ıN ıd V
w h ic h m a y c a u s e c o n s it lt r n h ı e t i ıın ł ıp ť t n l ı
ıtı tty H t u m ı

11nn t in K ı H H ı
v iH ıu ır l ilıı ly » ıłb m n r # n t l ıı
ıH l tıi th e
A g to P a s c ııf = ı
c c o r d in u w \ prľ SH\lı t' łl p pıitTt l n t I \ ı\ V
bn ı
n n cu n f IıH b ıH lv w ı iF lıl I ılı1 l L h u b ııııy n
, ' ıl ľ y li)r Ľ o
p o in t in a liq u id a t r u s t is t r u ır s ı
n it l
u n d im in is h e d i8 a ll d ir e c t io n s t o e v e r y o t h e

liq u id
o d
r
e q u a lly ł\ n t ı
p u in t in th o
ngi ılu m n n l Tt ııv in ï ¡ ı

b y n n t n t iť n \ ıit l in w h iť h il iH n \ ıı
t l l u FłlıllT ın L ¡

n ı
iıtv ıt u x u r lt I I ￠n l n ı
ru r K u t ııır n tn ıt in # Ił

ť t H l l r u it ıI ıI l IH ' tliH p ]ııc u ıl v ( ıiııı

n n ly

u nyı ın t

n o ı)r
・

nee
fu r c u n ť ı4 ı¡ ıl I H ıH ı \ l IH '

V a r ia tio n o f s ta tic p r e s s u d p íd y p re e s u ro
d H H ın ıt ılb r b o th
\ ıN ï w I \ l ıH ľ ı n l r ł ıJr b n ï ı w i l t y T h itı ı
re =
11 4 ;g tu
ł go H \ ıiıı ı l ııı
a t d e p th h is - tu /ı l l i
H u b n e r Hı l l ı H t l 11 1 H ıl in ı n H n H

rin
T h e to t a l h y d r o s t u t ic p ı c s s u ıc fo r g o o ıı ıï n y lır r n ıirıı n r rłın b ilily w ı \ o n ł\ H ın n lı ı in o a r
A H H Iv
ı
su bm e rg e d p la n e s u r fa c e is e q u a l to t h u p tın lu c t n f t h u e u r fn c u li i t l i l i ! d in g
i
d iH p lııc r n ııt n t n i ın v l ı ı 1 r l ı ılın u n L ıp r u H ı w r ıH ıt c o H ı ıı
a re a an d th e p r e s s u r e a c t in B a t t h u c e n t r o it l n r Į h ľ p ln n ľ i i l i l i A b d y n oot

g.n
l ı l it ł ı o y m a
l ıı r ı ıır ıl
ı l u N ıd v u H t ır H ı
1 ıı p n t ıt ı
s u r fa c e A tłlıb m c r g o d b o d y
in H L n b lu t ıt r H l łıb ı u l i r rı u u t r u l u q u ilib r itu n
For
a h o r iz o n ta l a r e a s t ıh jc c t c t ı 1u it l p lılıl ILH ľ i» b u lo w th o c o n tr o o f
tu s t n t ic ı r o s s u ıv ilłr n t ııt iıJ n u lı y H t t ıb lt o ııly w ı

e
th e re sulta n t fo r c e p a s s e s t h r o u g h t h c ce n t r o id u f th u n r u łl b u n y i ııì c y

t
T h e m a g n itu d e o f fo r c e e x e r t e d o n o n e id e fn pı h y LIl o
s o n n e u r c ı\ ,
T h u « t n lıiliıy t ıl łı Huł ıtin b ın ı y ia tlo lo r m in u d
s u b m e r e d in a ı h
g iq u id is L h c p m đu c L n f th u u c n
ı li n d Lh u
r e la t iv o p u ßit io n ııľ Lh u c o ııt m ıı w n v
l ity o f trndy t ın t o c o n tr o
d
P r e s s u r e a t its c e n t r o id T h e p o in t w h e re th e re s u ı
tu n t fo r e e
o f b u o y a n c o (c t ııl r o n f R ıa v ï y o
i f t h o lit lu it l v o lu m o d iH p lu c tjd
a c ts i8 k n o w n
a s c e n tr e o f p r e s s u r e lry t h Ľ ı n n ı y )
T h e c e n tr e o f r e s s u r e fa b m e r g e d p la n o s u r fłr c e iH i ll u ıH ) in ıw ı n R o U tu b u o y a n
t fo r c e
M c t n e c n t ıo M
ł '
p o n y s u
is a lw b e lo w th e c e n t r o id i »m a ı l
n In n ly iu g v
ays ı
o f th e s u r fa c e u m ıt h u c e n L m lin o in lo r H c ľ L w ı r ıw e n ł

b t l a c o n tr e
T h e lo c a t io n in r n u n l , il n ı Jır l H ıH ľ Iı ln ıIn # a o u m o
o f c e n tr e f p re s
o s u r e y c a B o o łi n g u lıır d iH p lı re c ı
v e r tic a lly im m e r s e d
ı
i ıın )v u n u n n l l ıb lo w h a n
M iH b ü lo w
c e is g iv by i b l ı M
p la r fa Iı ı L
u n tn y H H ıı u w l u n H a
n e s u
d iH ta n c o
G , n n d in n o u l n ıl t t ıu iı ib r it ıın w lr t w M iß a \ a T h u
Ic iH ı «n n w n n H m c
tn c e n t r ic
+ b c lw c u n L ı w m c l n c u n t r o ııııt l c H
y i' - y
ý A h u ig h l
w he r e ' M I o f a r e a th ılle l Lu
+
c, -
ro u gh ce n t r o id a R ie p a rł ın t l
D itłLn n c tJ lw tw u u rı C # ı
liq u id s u r fa c e MOtocentrich{]ihl =

a iıd
ý - D e p th o fC G o f th e a re a b e lo w liq u id s u r fa c e
tr e o rbu o y ın c y
ı
ce n
t w a te r ßu r tir Ľ e
A . A re a ı= M I u t lłın
f th o ı u f n o o t in K h d
ı y n

C en tr e o f pre ss u re o n a n in c lin e d im m e rse d pı

ıın e
目
b u ï lc L io n m o c w
L'"
y ı\ n c y I r c
ce
T h e lin o o r v e r t ic a lbu u
D ie t a n c e b t Lw u e n
n L m u tu c o n
Lr o
2' a{ x ie o f H y m m o l r y i /ıt
lo s in e
f r a v ity iu c a
llu d ln r /n c e ıılr e /Į e g
ml e t a c e n t r o a n d c e n t n J o g A
J rp = 丁 丁 f t l trudy
lu t io n tłlu b ility o
ıu
沀 o u f t h tJ flu a
an d a n d it i» a m e a e u r i\ i b e lo w t h c
iĺ c o n t r e o f w u v y
H
、 if t h e a r e a i8 s y m t r ic a l bo t th t r o id
n o a l in g b o d y iu b L a b la
p
= x a u e ce n
, m e
a x is p a r a lle l t o t h e x a x is If n o t,

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

D M E C H A N IC S
FLU ı į { į \ ı
ĵ į ı ] 3

Th h ic h p a th s o f in d iv id u a l p a r tic le s c r o s s
Đo w in
th e is e it is t a b le A bm g e d b o d y is
w
m e ta c e n tr e o rw u n s su e r e
d o n o t h a v e d e fin it e p a th s is c a lle d
,

b le if th tr e o f gr a it y is b e lo w t h tr e o fbu o y a n cy
l
E a c h o t h e r a n d p a r t ic e s ,
s ta e ce n v e cen

t u r b u le n t flo w F o r t u r b u le n t flo w
R e y n o ld n u m b e r is m o r e
F o r c e d v o r te x n ıo t io n is co n s tit u t e d w h en a flu id ,

ta te s a bo u t a n a x is m ov in g a s a s o lid , a n d e v e r y p a r t ic le th a n 4000
ro

o f flu id h a s s a m e a n g u la r v e lo c it y In lr e e u o r te x m o t io n , e a c h T h e flo w w ho s e s tr e a m lin es m a y be re p r e s e n te d b y

i a c ir c u la r p a t h it h d y in g lle d d im s io l /to
p a r tic le m o v e s n is ut
w a s p e e v a r s tr a ig h t lin es ,
ca o n e en n a

in v e r s e ly a s th e d is t a n c e fr o m th e cen tr e F or fr e e v or te x
T h e f lo w o f liq u id w h o se s tr e a m lin e s m a y be
r co n s ta n t is lle d t ıu o d im e n s io n a lPo u)
u x te d b y
-
se n a cu rv e ca
re pre ,

In fo r c e d v o r t e x m o t io n t h e v e r tic a l d e p th v a r ie s a s f liq u id w h o s e s t r e a m lin e s m a y b e

Th e n o w o ,

th e s q u a r e o f t h e r a d iu s fr o m c e n t r e a n d a c c o r d in g ly th e l t h r e e m u t u a lly p e r p e n d ic u la r
r e p r e s e n t e d in s p a c e a o n g
s u r fa c e s o f e q u a l p r e s s u r e a r e p a r a b o lo id s o f r e v o lu tio n
The
a x e s is c a lle d th r e e d im e n s o n a P
i l o u)
s h a p e o f p a r a b o lo id d e p e n d s o n ly u p o n t h e a n g u la r v e lo c it y
,

l n in a r t o
A c c o r d in g to R e y n o ld t h e t r a n s itio n f o m a ı
2 2
ü) R l
tu r b u le n t flo w in a p ip e d e p e n d s o n v e o c y
it (V ) p p e d ia m e t e r
i ,
D e p r e s s io n (o r r is e ) o f liq u id in fo r c e d v o r te x -
fl i d
2g
(D ) a n d k in e m a tic v is c o s it y (7 ) o f th e u
Th e v o lu m e o fw a te r w h ic h flo w s th ro u gh a se c t io n o f D V
a ch a n n e l o r p ip e p e r se co n d is k n ow n a s d is c h a r ge R eyn o ld s n u m ber -

liq u id fl
A

ow s con
cco r

t in u o u
ww
d in g t o ħın d a ıııe n t a l e q u a t io n o f liq u id flo w ,
o r e q u a t o n o f c o n t in u ity o f liq u id n o w
i
s l y t h r o u g h a
if a n in e o m p r e s s ib le
p ip e o r c h a n n e l th e
ch a n
A t
g in g fr o m
cr it ic a l R
la m in
e

a r
yn o

to
ld s
tu r b u le n t
n u m ber o f 2 0 0 0 flo w

fu
,
s

t io
ta r ts

w
,
v a r ie s a s a
R a t e o f e n e r g y lo s s in p ip e /lo w
n c n o
h
d is c a r g e r e m a in s t h e s a m e i r r e s p e c t iv e o f th e a r e a s o f c r o s s
hn f th e p ip e
n o ld s n u m b e r a n d th e r o u g
e ss o
Th R

.Ea
s e c t io n e e y
lle d A d in g t o t in it y e q u a t io n
T h e p a t h fo llo w e d by a flu id p a r tic le in m o tio n ,
is ca cco r c o n u

F lo w Q A V A V A V
p a til liııe
= = -
1 1 2 z

syE A cco r d in g t o B e m o u Jıi' s e q u a t io n

ngi 2g pg 2g pg
A cco r d in g t o D a r c y W - e is b a c h fo m ıu la

1 n t
w
nee h e r e }i en er g y lo s s th r o u g h fr ic tio n in p ip e lin e

rin
,
ï
f = fr ic t io n fa c t o r
F ig 1 2 V e lo c ity p ro file
L d D le n g th a n d d ia m e te r

g.n
a n =

Th im a g in a r y lin e ta n g e n t to w h ic h a t a n y p o in t lo c it y
e ,
,
a n d V = v e

in d ic a te s t h e d ir e c t io n o fm o tio n a t th a t p o in t , is ca lle d s tr e a m
T h e su m o f th e p o t e n t ia l h e a d , k in e tic h e a d a n d
litl e
T h e in s t a

Th e lin e
n ta

jo in
n e ou s p o s it io n s o

in g t h e p o in t s o f e q u
f a ll flu id p a r tic le s

a l p o t e n t ia l
w h ic h

o n
pre ssu re hea d

H
o

-
f a liq u

Z +
e
id p a r tic le , is

+
uì
m e tr e s o
ca lle d it s

f h q u id
to t a l h

t
e a d ie

te n tia l A d in g t o B e r n o u lli s t h e o r e fo p e r fe c t
'
1e d p o te n tia l lin e
is c a ı or e q u ip o c co r m r a
a d ja ce n t flo w lin e s ,
,

in co m pre ss ib le liq u id û o w in g in a c o n tin u ou s flo w th e to t a l

lin e
,

in t e r s e c t io n f tr e en er gy of a p a r tic le r e m a in s th e sa m e ; w h ile t h e p a r t ic le
T h e p a tt e r n o b t a in e d b y th e o s a m

M ov e s fr o m o n e p o in t t o th M th e m a tic a lly ,
lin es a n d p o t e n t ia l lin e s , is ca lle d Po u) n e t a n o e r a

T h e flo w in w h ic h t h e v e lo c it ie s o f liq u id p a r t ic le s a t
l, is c a lle d ıniforııı Z + + . con s ta n t
a ll s e c t io n f th e p ip e o r c h a n n
s o ela r e e q u a 2g zu

flo T h is g e n e r a lly r e fe r s to flo w s in ch a n n e ls

w D is c h a r g e in p ip e s m a y b e d e t e r m in e d e it h e r b y
h ic h v e lo c itie s o f liq u id p a r tic le s a t a ll
T h e flo w in w in s e r tin g a v en t u r im e te r o r a n o r iĥ c e m e te r

or c ha n n e la re n o t e q u a l is c a lle d a n o n
,
D is c h a r g e th r o u g h v en tu r im e te r
u n ifo n ıı flo w

T h e flo w in wh ic h th e q u a n t ity o f liq u id flo w in g p e r Q = C a U - C

d 2 2 d
se co n d is co n s ta n t is c a lle d s t e a d y flo w

T h e flo w in h ic h th e q u a n tity o f liq u id flo w in g p e r

w a
l
a n d a
2
are a re a s b e fo r e a n d a t th r o a t
se co n d is n o t con s t a n t is c a lle d u n s t e a d y flo w C is th e ffic ie n t o f d is c h a r g e o f th e v e n tu r im e te r
co e
d
T h e flo w in h ic h p a th s o f in d iv id u a l p a r tic le s o f liq u id
w p ito t tu b e is u s e d to m e a s u r e v e lo c ity o f flu id in a p ip e
do n o t c r o s s e a c h o th e r is c a lle d s tr e a m lin e flo u ) o r la m in a r
o r ch a n n e l V - C
flo w P o r la m in a r flo w R e y n o lď s n u m b e r is le s s th a n 2 o o o
,
,
.

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

■
D M ECH AN ı
■
C S
FL U ı

F ig 1 6
(a )
F or p ip e s in s e r ie s ,
th e p re ssu re lo s e i8 t h e su m o f th e
in d iv id u a l lo s s e s
P re ssu re lo s s p f -
p 11 + p p +

ww 2

ト
w L1

F lg 1 7 .Ea L2 一 i
(b )

The m a ss flo w
ń ı ・ ń ı,
ra te is t h

・ 6 ı2
e

°
sa m

e tc syE e in a ll p ip e s , i e

w h e r e , 6 ı1
F o r
-

p ip
pA
es
1
o

in p
1,
e tc

a ra
Kgs
lle l, th
1

e p re ssu re lo s s is th e sa m e in
ngi
nee
a ll p ip e s

P re ssu r e lo ss pt -
p f1 -
p /2 - e tc

T h e to t a l flo w is th e su m o f th e fı
o w in e a ch p ip e

T o ta l n o w ń ı= 6 z 1 + 2 +
rin (c )
w here P
n ,
- 4f
, ' ţ , P /2 - 4 f, , ğ ,
e tc

g.n
"
. 国
e (d )
t
H d lo d t o p ip la t F ig 1 8
e a s s u e e e n r g e m e n

Z
V ř Vz m ・ h y dr a u lic m ea n r a d iu s = A /P
- K
. 2g i s lo pe o f ch a n n e l
w here v a lu e o fK 0 3 9 fo r ce - 1 0 °,
(m n
=
,
, C - c o n s ta n t - 8 7 1t1 +
1 0 6 , fo r a = 40° a n d 1 0 fo r 3 0 (F ig
°
1 3)
V a lu e o f K is 0 1 6 t o 0 2 8 fo b r ic k d to n e su r fa ce
In h l f lo w hyd r a u lic r a d iu s
r a n s
o p e n c a n n e ,
a n d 1 3 D fo r n a tu ra le a r th
W a te r cro ss sec tio n a la re a
A Ĥ ow a re a
W e 忱 e đ p e r im e te r
P - w e tt e d p e r im te
W e ir e , V e e n o t c h a n d c h a n n e ls Rr o r u n s u p p r e s s e d e r

w e ir [F ig 1 8 (a )], F lo w Q = 2 9 5 C (b 0 2 H )H ı6 B e s t hy dra u lic se c tio n is on e w ith tb e le a s t w e tt e d

, d
3 3 3 bH 1 6 e r im te
For su ppre ese d w e ir ,
[F ig 1 8 (b )] F lo w Q ,
= p e r

@ t h e best hy dr a u lic t r a p e z o id a l s e c t io n is a h a lf
】
4
o r V n o t c h ĮF ı
g 1 ď \c )1 , ıLO W Ų - Z d o L ta n ıı
d
2 he x a go n

w here C d is c h a r g e ffic ie n t [y d lic ch a n n e l is bru pt

,
d
- co e r a u ju ın p in a n o pe n a n a

F h ls , [F ig 1 8 (d )], M lo c ity du tio in fı by of d d e n in f

o r o p e n c a n n e e a n v e re c rn ow v e lo c ity m e a n s a su cr e a s e o

V C m w a te r d E !p th in t h e do w n s tr e a m d ir e c tio n
.
a n d flo w ra te Q = VA

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

M EC H A N ı
C A L E N G IN E » A
国
E ıb
一

r a p id ly n o w in g (iii) F ra u de /ıu ııln e r

H y d r a u lic ju m p o c c u r s w h e n a
ch a n n e l s u dde n y c a
l h n g e s Ĺo n 2
D yn a m ic fo r c e
o f liq u id in a n o p e n
u
s tr e a m
w it h I s s s e c t io n a l a r e a ı\ n d
s lo w ly n o w in B s tr e a m
a n g
r e r c r o
H/ tpA w e ig h t
l v a tio n o f li id s u r f a c e o c c u r s T h is is
a s u d d e n r is e in e e q u

I i v e r y c fte c tiv e
F lu ud e /ıtłııt b e ı d u c id o s w h u t h u r th e fr e e liq u id B u r fa
if n L a
th e e x a m p le o f s t e tıd y n o n u n
o ľ ın o w s

l i i d i o n ly u s e d n l
nu w is rn p il] o r L r ın q u il d o p e n d in g o n w h e th e r p r o u d
d e v ic e fo r Heating ir r e v e r s i b i t c s a n s c u m m e

ca lc u la t io n s 【ır h y d r a u lic ju m p in d e s ig n n f h y d r a u li
in n
,
f k in e tic e n e r gy ow c
o
s tr u c tu re s a n d in s h ip d e s ig n
f s tr e a m now h ic h w a te r ,
A n y o b s tr u c tio n o a ov er w

ir (iu ) W e be r /ıu m ber

flo w s ca n b e c a lle d a w e

If th e d o w n s t r e a m w a te r le v e l r is e s ov e r th e w e ir c r e s t In e r tia ıfo r c e
th e w e ir is s a id t o b e s u b m er ge d S u r fa c t e n s i o n fo rc e

A s p illw a y is a n essen t ia l p a r t o f la r g e d a n i a n d
a
It is im p ĺ ) r lu n l n l g n s ı
iq u id u r liq u id liq u id in te rfa c e s
p r o v id e s a n e ffic ie n t , s a fe m ea n s o f r e le a s in g n o w w a te r th a t
a n d a ls o w h c r c L h c s c in t e r fa c e s a re in c o n t a c t w ith a
e x ce e d s th e d e s ig n ca p a c ity o f th e rese rv o ir

ww
bo u n d a ry
C u lv e r ts a re b u ilt a t t h e p o in t o f lo w e s t v a lle y to p ır s s
w a te r a cro ss th e em b a 】k m e n ts o f h ig h w a y s o r m ilr o n d s (u ) M a c /t n ti n z b Ľ r - u /

w
S ta n d p ip
u s e d p r in c ip a lly fu r ￡
e is ılle v in Ĺin g L h u l l i m n c a s u r c n r th c ra t in n f in u r t ia ] fo r c e e to e la s tic
tr a n s ie n in In r g c p ip e lin e s y s lĽ m s IL a l ls a s a
t p re s s u re fb ľ c e s a n d iH v u ry im lx ) r L n n l w h u n v u lo c itic s a re n e a r or a bo v e
p r e s s u r e r e lie f v a lv e fo r th e u p s tr e a m p ip e d u r in g t h e t u r b in e
s h u t o ff W a t e r h a m m e r e ffe c t s a r e iıls o d im in is h e d

n o tic e a b ly .Ea lo c a l s o
M
n ic
o d
v c

e l
lu c

R
il ic s (K - b u lı
t u d ic s
ç m

e r T hese
a rc b ip a
o d u lu
id Lo 山 u d e s ig n
s o f e la s tic ity )

syE pc rm il v iH u n l u bs c k e p o 8 e ib le th e
rv n l io n o r n o w u n d ı
n a
D im e n sio n a l a n a ı y s is T h e a n a ly s is o f Lh c b a s ic o b ta in in g n f c e r t a in n u m e r ic a l d a t a a n d p ic t u r e o f b e h a v io u r
r e la t io n sh ip of th e v a r io u s p h y s ic a l q u a n t it ie s in v o lv e d in n f a c t u a l b iK s il s m o d e ls b y c o n d u c t in g te H し o n m o d e ls in
,

th e s ta tic a d d y n a m ic b e h a v io u r s o f w a te r flo w in hyd ra lic

ngi
n a u In b u r a L u r iu H ı ] :\ n n H i\ c c u r l lu q u ll n l iliıt iv e J u la fr o m
/o r o l l i i

s tr u c tu re is k n ow n a s d itn e t ıs io n a ta N a ly s is l
m u t u l s l u t ly L h u r c ın u s l b u d y n a m ic s im ilit u tlc b u lw e e n
S im ila r ity b e tw e e n h y d r a u ı ic m o d e ls a n d p r o to ty p e ın o d e l n n [ l p r o to ty p e V u r t h is p u r p o s e t h e r e m u N t b u u x o c t
m a ) be a c h ie v e d in th r e e b a s ic fĺ J r m s :

(i) G e o lT ıe l r ic s iıııila r iry im p ly in g s im ila r ity n f fo n n

nee (i) g c
Ra t io
o m c

n fd y
l r iĽ
n lm
s iııì ilil u d u
iĽ p rc H H u rc n
H ı
u J (il ) Ic in
ıc o rre s po
u m

n
u t ic H

d in g p o in ŁĦ m
iın lil u d c i e
u
,

s t bc
th e
a

(iii) D y n a n z ic
in v o lv e d in m o tio n
s im i/a r ily im p ly in g s im ila r ity in fo rc e s
ro u

Ln lw
Khn
in L h
ess o l Lh u
s u m
m

u Ia
rin
u t Ľ

l iu
l ın d p r o lu ly p e IP u r tly n a m ic p r e e ßu r e s
n

n l c o r r e s p o n d in g p o in ts in m o d c ı a nd

ex
D im e n s io n
p
ı
e s s

p e r im e n t a l r e s u lts c a r r ie d in la b o r a to r ie s Lo b o n p p liĽ d Lu
p a ıa m e te ıs e r m it lim it o d
p
s a
rn lt ıly p u L h t M L Io s o
in e n l c o r r e s p o n d in

ı
g p o in ts
/u ı ta m i/ ıa r ltu ıu t h r o u g.n r v a r in u H Ly p e s u l fb r c e s m u s t b e th e

a n ti c ir c u la r

e gh
a c t u a l b iB s iz e o b je c t s in flu id s o f d iffe r e n t c ir c u la r tu b e s
p r o p e r Łic s T h c

t
f iv e m o s L im p o r t n n L p a r a m e l u r s u s e d in c o r n n n u li
r e la t in g
e x p e r im e n t a l d a ta a r e 128 p L q

he ffic ie n t Q now r a te ,

in- -
w re , rl - co e o f v is c o s ity / , . - Iu n g th ,
.

- . H ' " i
p c di am e t er
Y
n Į

2 z
2 4L u
A ltiD hu n d ı
niH /' , - 厂T
ğp p
,
2g

罡竺 兰 T in t e lu r rł ic/ı arAĽ fr o m ific e o f a r e a a in a

' '

a n o r

。 。 ，
c y lin d r ic n ıv e s s e l o f c r o s s s e c t io n a l a r e a A to fa ll fr o m h e ig h t
2g 2g 2g ıı to ll i
, ,

w p ıp e L , d ia ￠=a
I T
" ' "
ıw ie n 1 oi
ı ' ,

d i.. .E n e A n ıe e. Fr ic t io n fu c lo r f
m o tu r D tr n d v c ]o c ily u by u

s im ila r tim e in c a se o f tw o v e s s e la o fa rc a A a n dA ,
,
/ı
,
- í į . . -
:n te r c o n n e c lc d t u g u th o r

(ii) ı
?e y n o td s n u m be r .
(A , +
A a )C d a

. , łn e r t in ıfu rto
N o tc h i8 ll tlu v ic u u « c d lb r m e a s u r in g th c r iıte o f flo
w

￠
l V is c o u s fo rcu u f n liq u id t h r o u g h u s m a ll c h a n n e l A w e ir iß a c o n c r e te o f
A c r itic a l R o y n o ld a n u m b e r i8 t h h ic b
u de m a rca t io m a eo n u n c e d in t h u o p e n c h a n n e l o v e r w
r y a tr u c l u r o p ı
n
b e tw een la m in a r a n d tu r b u le n t n o w in i th e flo w
p p e o cc u rs

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

. ' " ECHMIICS

Ħo w g u ta / tu e ir f le n g th L a i ıd "

Ĺ)
o v e r r e c ta n r o r n o tc h o

d e p tlı H is , -

Q =
: C
. l2 g L H a /2
w h e re D ,
- D ia m e te r o fm a in p ip e ,

Ħow L le n g th o f th e p ip e a n d
ov er tr ia w la e ir o r n o
r u ı tc ı
ıo f s e n ıi a n g le e a i ıd
-
,

w a t e r d e p tlı H is f = D a rc y s co e ffic ie n t o f fiction

A g a in fo r m a Jcim iım pow er tr a n sm is s io n b y a n o z z le ,
,

Q = C . l2 g ta n e H w 2

The error in d is c h a rge du e to e rror in m e a su re

Q 2 H
ł -

T h e p ip e s o f d if te re n t d ia m e te r s c o n n e c te d w it h o n e
5 dH d p in
a iıd o th e r t o fo a p ip e lin e is ca lle d a co m p o u n e or
p e c t iv ly
res e a n rm ,

2 H ip e s in s e r ie s
p
F lo w ov er bro a d c r e s te d w e ir o f le n g th L a n d w a te r

]
2

q ĺj>
d e p tlı o v er w

H yd
Q
e ir

ww =
b e fo r e th
1 T C
lic g r a d ie n t
d
L
e w

H
e

a /2
ir H

h ydr a
is

lic s lo
T

ı
o ta l h e a d lo s s

1 A re
=

th e
・

le n g th s o f in d iv id u
. . ・

a l p o r tio n s

w
ra u or u p e .

a n d d d d cl A re th e d ia m e te r s o f t h e r e s p e c t iv e
l
, 2 ,
a
ı
, ' ,
İ İ e a d lo s t d u t o fn c tio n
.

.Ea
e
p o r tio 5
T o t a l le n g th o f p ip e d ia m e t e r w h ic h m a y r e p ia c i .
e p ip e o f u n ifo r m
Th
H y dr a u lic m e a n d e p th or hy d r a u lic ra d iu s co rap o u n d p ip e k e e p in g t h e lo s s o f h e a d a n d d is c h a r g e s a n ıe

syE
, ,

in b o tlı e a s e s , is c a lle d e q u iu a le n t p ip e a n d it s d ia n ıe t e r is
A rea o f c r o s s s e c t io n (A )
,

c a lle d e q u iv a le n t s iz e o f t h e p ip e
T o ta l le n g th o f p ip e
L t, d Dž da d B e th d ia te rs

ngi
e e m e
. , ,
.
(s u r fa ce in con ta c t w ith w a te r ) 1. '2 , ' 1 B e th e le n g t h fv a r io u s
a, ,
.
o p ip e s
A cco r d h ıg t o D a r q e q u a t io n d D th le d d ia m f th e le n t
L a n e n g th a n e te r o e q u iv a

nee
,

2 p ip e
fp l u
h ııd fo r p ip e t h is is
f
-
T į g
;a
Ł į .
į L

D 2g rin ( )
A c c o r d in g to C he z y s fo r m u la
F

W
or

a
L

te
a m

r H
in

a m
ar flo w in

m e r g.n W
a c ir c u

a te r
la r p ip e "

h a m m er
,

is C a u se d du e to
ys

e
u C Che z co n s ta n t dde n f flo w
-
su s to pF a ge o w a te r in a p ip e S u dden s to p p a ge
Th

(i) ıo
e lo s s e s

ss a
o

t th e e
f lie a d

n
in p ip

tr a iıc e
es a r e

-
0 5
2g
u
2
resu

fo r th
lt s in
v e lo c ity o

u n

R is e
fso
a pressu re
u n d in t h e

t il d is s ip a t e d b y fn

o fpre ssu re
w

(p ) d u
a v e

e d iu
ct o n
w

i
e
m
h ic h
w

a n

to s u d d e n
h ic h is
m ov e s

re

d im p e r fe c t e la s tic ity
s to
u

p p in g
t
p s t r e a m w it h
fle c t e d b a c k a n d

o f flo w in
p ip e
(in L o ss a t th e o u tle t =
Įg a

(iii) L o s s d u e to c t i o n =
2g d
(iu ) T o ta l lo s s o f h e a d in a p ip e flo w h ere v e lo c ity o fn
w ,
u - ow in p ip e o f d ia m e te r D t h ic l￡n ess t

0 5 u
2
u
2 an d co e ffic ie n t o f e la s tic ity E
+ +
-

2g K - co e f1īc ie n t o f b u lk n ıo d u lu s o f flu id , a n d

h e r e u is th e v e lo c ity o f O o w 1 is th e ı e n g th f p ip e , d is = s p ec ific w e ig h t o f flu id

w , ,
o

d ia n ıe te r o f p ip e a n d f is fu n d a n ıe n t a l r e s is t a n ce p e r u n it S u r g e ta n k s a re u se d to r e lie v e t h e p ip e lin e o f
m ea Ex c e s s iv e p r e s s u r e

F o r n ıa x im u n ıp o w er tr an sm itte d b y a n o z z le ,
th e h e a d F ıo w in p ip e s

1 T h e fo llo w in g con d itio n s n ıu s t be sa tis fie d in a n e tw o rk

lo s s d u e to ffic t io n sh o u ld b e r d o f s u p p ly h e a d
o f p ip e s
3
io n b y (i) T h e lg e b r a ic s u m o f th e p re ssu re dro ps a ro u n đ
F or m a x im iın ı po w er tr a n s n ıis s a n o z z le ,
th e a

d ia m e te r d m a y be o b t a in e d fr o m th e fo r m u la ea c h c ir c u it m u st be zero
,

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

IN ı
cAL

(ii) F lo w in to e a ch ju t io n t be ln f
ł
n c m u s e qu a o w o u t o
M a c h n u m be r M
th e ju n c tio n
°

(iii) T h e D a r cy e qu a tio n m u s t be sa tis fie d fo r e a ch p ip e

K in e n ıa t ic s o f flu id m o t io n
ie proper re la tio n b e tw e e n he a d lo ss a n d d is c h a r ge n ıu st be

S tr e a m lin e h a s d iffe r e n t ia l e u tio n

q a
A cco r d in g ţ o m o m en tu n ıe qu a tio n ,
th e n e t fo rce a c t in g
-
・
tı
flu id a s s is l t o th e ch a
F te d y flo w /Ps
g e in o r s d
o n a m tu a a = u u ł
o
e qu a n m o m en m p er t , a n a 2
リ /,
.
se con d in th a t d ir e c tio n F o r u n s te a dy E o w a - u /Pt + u u /
t s a
' =
u /ót +
Is o th e n ııa l flo w in p ip e (R e fe r F ig 1 9 (a )) w here u - v e lo c it y t a n g e n t to s tr e n m lin
.
. o 1E
, e ,

P r e s s lır e dr o p a - ta n g e n t ia l a c c e le r a tio n a n d
t

=
P 1 r - ra d iu s o f s tr e n m lin e a n d
1 ,

リ - v e lo c ity n o rm a l to s tr e a m lin e
.

in

ww
M flo w
a ss ńı = P1V 1
"
4
-
t V ,
"
T Đu u u u u

T wT.E +
° P o la r co o r d in a te s

R a d ia l a cce le r a tio n a - u + u
, e
. .
ar r Đe ,
'

asy r ıg
L

7 9 (a )
4 T a n g e n t ia l a

dr
cce le r a t io n ,
a
,
- u
.
&
o r
+ u
e
d tl
.
U&

E
de
w h ere U - U - "
F lo w th r o u gh o r iĦc (R e fe r p ig 1 9 (b ))
, . , ,

ngi
e

A cce le r a tio n in t h re e d im e n s io n a l flo w

M a s s flo w ńı= C ・・
ĹŁ '
,
u u u u

nee
°. . . a ° 十 は 十 ひて 十 ı刀
ī x
at Bx ay z
'

h
w e r e ,
n -
p z Tp 1; p1 -
p /R T
1 a - + u

rin
y
ay
'
z

ŕ
M a x iın u m o ow w he n . -

L】 ī
. o 5 2 8 fo r a ir ° -
ı
u
"
ā
zu
十 ひ丁
ı
u
+ U)
u

g.n . .
.
c

h G
w e re 7 -
W ぴ
e n e r a l e q u a t io n o f c o n t in u it y w ith C a r te s ia n

R t, C co o r d in a te s (x y )
g a s co n s ta d is c h ffic ie z

e
n
d
- a r ge coe n t ,

a re a V
D

-
ra g D

flu id
lo c ity
-

v e
C d
A p

T h e d r a g c o e ffic ie n t (n o n d im e n s io n a l d r a ) is e u
g q
v
2
2

'
!
p - flu id d e n s ity A - fr o n ta l

a l
F

F
or

o r
in

3 D flo w
co m p re ss ib le flu id

.
a n

.
d s te

.
a dy

O
t
m o tio n

to t h e d r a g fo r c e d iv id e d b y t h e p r o d u c t o f v e lo c it ,
a» ay az
y pressu re
a n d fr o n t a l a r e a
u
r u r tw o a ım e n s ıo n a l tlo w + . U a u -
a ,

■旧=
,

"
■喜= i d im e n s io n a lo ow ,
i
O

■■ ith c y le n
d r ic a l
G e n e r a l e q u a t io n o f co n t in u it y w

国■ co o r d in a te s (r e ,
z ) is
ğp
at
.
1
r
1
ŕ r
(p u , r )+
r
' ļ
àe
(P U
.
)+ ￡W u
,
)s o

F o r in co m p re ss ib le flu id ,
T 1 P1 P1 P2
1 a

t in it y w it h s pb
G e n e r a l e q u a t io n o f c o n u
V e lo c it y o f s o m d in a g a s

v, -
m m ,

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

M E C H A N IC A\L
ENGINEER
(ii) F lo w in to e a ch ju n c tio n m u st be e qu a l flo w ou t of V
M a ch n u m be r M =

th e ju n c tio n T ï
V
s

(iii) T h e D a rcy e qu a tio n m u stbe sa tis fie d fo r e a ch p ip e

K in e m a t ic s o f flu id m o t io n
i e p r o p e r r e la tio n b e tw e e n h e a d lo s s a n d d is c h a r g e m u st be
m a in t a in e d fo r e a c h p ip e
Łit r e a m lin e n a s d ifï e r e n tia l e q u a t io n .
Ė .

A c c o r d in
U
g to m o m en tu n ıe qu a tio n ,
th e n e t fo r c e a c tin g U ı
0
/ d 2
on a flu id s s is l to th e ch a n in tu For s te a d y flo w a - u u s a n a - u /r
n ıa e qu a ge m om en m p e r t , .

se co n d in th a t d ir e c tio n F o r u n s te a d y flo w a - u / t + u u / s ,
a - u /ôt + u 21l
t . .

I s o th e rm a 1H o w in p ip e (R e fe r F ig 1 9 (a )) w he re ,
u - v e lo c ity ta n g e n t to s tr e a m lin e ,

P ressu re dro p a = t a n g e n tia l a c c e le r a tio n a n d

t
la c c e le r a tio n

)
a - N orm a ,
.

Ąp =
p 1 r = ra d iu s o f s tr e a m lin e ,
a n d
1
u - v e lo c ity n o r m a l to s tr e a m lin e
.

A c c e le r a tio n in tw o d im e n s io n a l flo w
v
ww
M a ss flo w . =
p rv ・ - ・
, , ı
ı u ðu u u u

w d in
In p o la r co o r a te s

.Ea
m
R a d ia l a c c e le r a tio n ,
a - u + ue
. . '
r r e T

F ig 1 9
syE (a )
w here
T

u
a n ge

dr
n tia l a c c e le r a

de
tio n ,
a
,
- u
.

r
. u
e
ae
+ CUe
r

ngi
- u
F lo w th r o u gh iñ (R e fe r F ig 1 9 (b ))
,
. e ,
o r c e dt
A l
c c e e r a tio n in th r e e d im e n s io n a l flo w

nee a
.
°
òu
ス丁 十 U
at
u

x
十 U マ
ay
u
十 U1
A-
三二二
ðz
'

L] rin
M im flo w hen

g.n
a x u m Ul uì ı
u
w n - 0 5 2 8 fo r a ir u

w h ere 1 G
- c e e n e r a l t io f

e
,
u) e qu a n o c o n t in u it y w it h C a r t e s ia n
R ta t, C d is c h a r g e co or d in a te (x )

t
-
ga s con s n ffic ie n t s y z
d
-
co e ,

2
v
D ra g D Cd A p fı
u id d e n s ity A
.
' p -
. fr o n ta l
2
a re a ;V . H u id v e lo c ity P o r in co m pre s s ib le Ĥ id
u a n d s te a dy m o tio n
T h e dra g c o e ffic ie n t (n o n d im e n s io n a l d r a
g ) is e q u a l 8U
to th e d r a g fo r c e d iv id e d b y th e p r o d u c t o f v e lo c it O
a x十 y 十
" 一
， 。
y pressu re ðz
a n d fr o n ta l a r e a

F o r tw o d im e n s io n a l flo w ,
・
ï O, a n d fo r on e

- r ır c u m u n a l I 10 w O
āc
-
,

G e n e r a l e q u a t io n o f c o n tin it y ith cy le n d r ic a ]
u w
co o r d in a te s (, e, z ) is

p 1 8 1 0 a

T 1 P1 P1 P2 F o r in com p re ss ib le flu id

Fı
g 1 9 (b )
V lo ity G l t io ic a l
f a o ıJ tıd in f ph
e c e n e r a e t in it y it h
o a g a s q u a n o c o n u w s e r
c o o r d in a te s (, e 中)
區了p イ
,

공画歹 ー
，

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

D M ECHA Nı
F Lu ı CS

F o r in co m pr e ss ib le n u id , R e la t io n sh ip b e tw e e n th e th r e e th ic k n e sse s ,

Ô- 3 6# . 7 5 e
E n e r g y th ic lu ıe s s ,

If th e fı
o w is ax is y m m e tr ic , th en
. =
JĹ '
ř ) dy

L o ss o f en e r gy p e r u n it tin ıe ,

1
C ir c u la t io rı, r - V ds - V c o s e d s = E L °
pb ò, U
°

i+ + F la n ıin a r bou d a r y la y e r
(u u t b (d x i+ dy j + dz b = (u d x + u dy + u td z )
o r n

w he re ,
- r e pr e se n t s th e lin e in t e g r a l ta k e n a ro u n d th e

c lo s e d cu rv e in a n t ic lo c k w is e d ir e c tio ń w h ere ,
R e - < 5 × 10 5, b - w id th o f flo w se c t io n
.

V = t o ta l v e lo c ity
Ô 0 37
ds

V
e
・

=
e

a n

tic ity
le m

ww e n

g le b e t w
(
t a l le n g th
e en V a n d ds
T u r b u le n t b o u

R e fe r F ig 1 1 0 fo
n d a r y la y e r

r bo u n
,

d a r y la y e
x
-

r c h a ra c t e r is tic s o fa

w
o r
sm o o t h fla t p la t e
dr ıu u

Clydz
dr
ay
u .Ea z

w
'

syE
Ę,
izdx
-

z
-

ìz

dxdy ðx y
In p o la r co o r d in a te s ,

ngi
sp e e d
F o r a c ir c u la
of r o t a tio n )
r bou n da ry , Ę =
r e
2 (o , (ü ) con s ta n t a n g u la r

nee F lg 1 1 0 B o u n d a ry ı
a ye r o n a s m o o th fla t p la te

F
D y
o r a n

i ıa n
ir r o ta t io n
ıic s o
a

f F lu id F lo
l flo w Ę
w
= 0 P ra n d tľ s bou n d a r y la y e

rin r e qu a tio n s

E u le '
r s e qu a t io n s o f m o tio n

g.n
D u
-
Pu
at
+ u
ax
Pu
+ u
Pu
ay
ay

+ ı
ı1
Pu
a
ðz

- Y 1p
p
p

y
x

tu r
M
F
om

o r

b u le n t b o u
tw
en tu
o

n
m

d im
in t e g r a l e q u

d a r y la y e
e n s io
r
e n a l in
a tio n
c o m p r e ss ib le l a ın
t in a r o r

U + U 十 リ 十國 - z
1 ğp ,

D t x ay p dz j
p dx dx
刀
T o t a l d e r iv a t iv e ;X Y Z b o d y fo r c e it m a ss
F o r th e x d ir e c t io n
.
, ,
- s pe r u n ,
刀オ
a lo n g x , y a n d z re s p e c tiv e ly

B o m d a r y L a y e r Ħ o w
w here T - s h e a r s tr e s s a t th e so lid b o u n da ry
, o
N o m in a l t h ic k n e ss ,

y . ðfo r u ・ 0 99 U p ressu r e L
d is tr ib u t io n 【 & .
1

U = fr e e s tr e a n ıv e lo c ity dx p dx
D is p la c e n ıe n t th ic k n e s s L
, a i ııiııa r F lo w

" J Ĺ ŕï 1
t

) dy
(i) S te a d y flo w tlough a c ir c u la r t u b e (F ig 1 11)

M o m en tu n ı th ic k n e ss ,
V e lo c ity p r o fi le ,
. -
411) g ・ P )

e -
J ŕĺ 1
ŕ) dy

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

M E C H A N IC
AL il
10
CL
L ift c o e ffic ie n t ,
-
S he a r 1
d is trib u tio n PU .
A
2

fr e e s tr e a m v e lo c ity )
(u -

B o m da ry L a ye r O v e r a F la t p la t
L a n ıin a r e

B ou n d a ry la y e r th ic k n ess ,

ð= at - 0 992
d is tr ib u tio n

a c irc u la r tu be
F ig 1 1 1 S te a d y flo w th ro u g h 1 7 3x
D is p la cem en t th ic k n e ss ,
ô ・
,
F lu id flo w ra te ,
4n e .

11 )
0 664x
Q = , R Ĵ =
M en tu m t h ic k n e ss e =
o m
8 ,

tio )

ww (H g e n P o is e u ille
a e qu a n ,
0 332
d - 2R Ap =
p re ssu r e dr o p L o ca lw a ll s h e a r t
o
-
Pu
z
o, ,

Sh e a r s tr e s s a t p ip e w a ll,

A
w v er a ge v e
Ī
o
°
lļ pıı
m
lo c ity th r
2

.Ea
ou g h tu b e ,
L oca l fr ic t io n d r a g coe fï ic ie n t ,

i -
Q
.

syE
Ąp R

8
g f
ï
- -

5
ngi
P r e ssu r e dr o p ,
F r ic t io n d r a g o v e r o n e s id e o f th e p la te oflengthlp
8 32
'.
" 2
J u L /U
u n it w id th f 0 664 p U

nee
=
,

E n er g y lo s s p e r u n it w e ig h t o f flu id A v e ra g e fr ic t io n dra g co e ffic ie n t ,

,

Z
ġ p 3 2 u i7 し 64 L iÏ
T pg d
2
-

į g
rin
g.n
2
L ü 64
H d lo s s , h f
e a
l
-

d 2g '
F r ic tio n fa c t o r , f =
'
w here T u r b u le n t B o u n d a r y L a jr e r o v e r a Sm o o th F la t P 】
a te
R e
B 1a s iu s o n e se v e n th p la

e
ow e r w
ţ d ,

R e y i ıo lď s n u m be r , R

t
e =
u 7
t
ı
(y l fo R < 10 6
Lj
r e
S to k L
e s L a w

F is t in g t h e t io f A v e ra
ge lo c ity
ph
o rce r e s v e
m o n o a s e re th ro u gh a ,

v is c o u s ū u id ,
= 3n pud W ll s h e a
a r s tr e ss
w here u v e lo c it y f sphere r e la t iv
,
,
= o e to u n d is tu r b e d flu id
"
p
d
-

.
dyn
D ia m
a m

e
ic
te r
v

o
is c o s ity
fsphere
o f flu id '
,
- 0 02 33 P 0
2
2
C . O 02 95 p{Jter J q
r

2
d
T e rm in a l v e lo c ity (u l. B o u n d a r r la y e -
, u =
Tu ) r th ic k n e ss ö =
l ,

u) - s p ec ific w e ig h t o f sp h e re
.

ific ig h t L o ca l s k in fr ic t io n t C
zu
l
"
p ec w e of ı
iq u id co e ffic ie n ・
ï
D r a g a n d L iħ ofp
la te
F r ic tio n d r a it id th fo on e si
de
g p er u n w r
le n g th L ,
D ra g, F D =
p dA s in e L ift, F
,
L
=
p DA co s e " 5
F - 0 0368 L p u 2 R e
w h e re e - a n g le b e tw e en le ta r y
n r i
, e m e n a re a dA a n d n A
d ir e c tio n ow v e ra ge co e ffic ie n t o f fn c t io n dra g ,

7
P dra g, Čf 10
re s su re
OP =
p dA ,
=

W
fo r 5 * 105 . R e
L
.

0
D ra g co e ffic ie n t C. 0 455 B ez <
10
,
°
, fo r 10 6 <
258
(lo g ro
R e L )

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

k
 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

FLU 旧 M E C H A N ı
CS

S im u lt a n e o u s L a n ıin a r a n d T u r b u le n t B o u n d a r y
L a y e rs o n a F la t P la t e

(C f )ıa m 17 8 1
- 0 3 5 fo r R e - 5 × 10 5
(ć f )tu rb Re ]o L

T o t a l f+ ic t io n d r a g

F D f
-
LH 】
ĺ: , u
2
.
Ĵ F ig 1 1 2 E x te n d e d s u r fa c e
0 0 74 17 0 0 f a bov t io n is
U İb r R 5 1 o a to 1 0 1 G en era l s o lu t io n o e e qu a

W lie
f
= e - *
L

F lo w P a s t a Sph e r e

D e fo ◆ a tio n d r a g , F - 3 īcp U < d

n
D ra g co e ffic ie n t
F in e ffic ie n c y

ww C .
・
24
fo r R
.
0 1
ï1
,
ta n

m
h (m L )
L
fo r p in fīn

w .Ea a n d ".
M L 1.
Ĺ ) ,_ '" L ,

P re ssu re d is t r ib u t io n fo r

1
a n

syE
s in
id e a l O

2
e
u id
fo r re c ta n g u la r ĥ n

ngi
F in e « e c t iv en ess ,

H ea t H u x fr o m w a ll a fte r a d d in g lin
fr o th T1
h e g le e a s u r e d a n ti lo c k
c w is e m e í

nee
ere a n m H ll w ith t fin
w , e a t flu x fr o m w a ou
dow n s tr e am s ta g n a tio n o i
p n t
q .
S te a d y S ta te H e a t C o n d u c t io n

(a ) O
G e n e ra
n e

lF
d im
o u
e n s io n a

r ie r e qu
l s y s te m
a t io n o f h e a t co n du c t io n
T1 rin
ta n h (m L ) fo r p in fin a n d

g.n
2
f
d T
A s per C a r te s ia n co o r d in a te s - 0
d

A s per cy lin d r ic a l c o o r d in a te s

Ż
d T
d T
2

2 đT
'
1 dT
, r
0
e t
ĺ￥ )
l d in te 0
d ph e r ic a s + -
a n a s p er s coor a
r dr " ' ' " '" ' " '
p," c. . "

H e a t tr a n s fe r r a te s

U n s te a dy H e a t C o n d u c t io n

(a ) B o d ie s o f infinitely h ig h t h e r m a l co n d u e t iv it y
半T 半で (k 一) )
(b ) T w o d im e n s io n a l s y s te m s V 2T ° '
Ť - O
,
ìy dT
Łi o v e r m n g e qu a t io n : p L V - /ı/ ılı
j ı
(L a p la c e e qu a tio n )
It s g e n era l s o lu tio n is (W /p c v )t
S o lu tio n o f th is e qu a tio n is - e
T - (C s in ıx + C
2
cos )lx ) (C ,
e
Ày
+ C 4
e ) To T
f
1
w here k e ig e n v a lu e a n d C C C a n d C a re co n s ta n ts h er e , T û u id te m p e r a tu
p 2 , 3 4 w = re ,
ï
E x te n de d S u r fa c e s T - in itia l b o d y t e m p e ra tu re ,
o
D iĦe ren t ia l e q u a t io n o f h ea t tr a n s fe r is T - te m per a tu re a t a n y t im e ,

d T 2 C - s p e c ific h ea t o f th e ın a te r ia l, J /(k g K ),
zT ıT
m . m a
p - m a te 6 a 1 de n s it y k g lm ,

2
w here, 2 W p te
A - su r ti
n ce a re a ,
m
m . -
peń m e r 3
kA ,
V - v o lu m e o fm a t e r ia l, m

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

I
マ 一

/
・
。

\» J L ı M eCH A N ı
C A L eNo ı
n l l lı
l« a
(b ) B o d ie s w ith n e g lig ib ı
e c o n v e c t iv e r e a ie ta n c e z
1 aT a p
f h e a t tr a n s fe r i8 In C a r te a ia n c o o rd in a te H
Governing e q u a tio n o ,
,
Į -
M
a 2 z
1 ĐT a X a 1 aT X' T 1 a?
V 2T V ' ' ' In cy ı
in d r ic a l c o o rd in a te ' '
iŔ
.
-
,
Ï F ,
-

. az

For o n e d im e n s io n a lheat now s y s te m

I ðT a'T 2 ar
In s p h e r ic a l c o o r d in a te a,

P L E C H O I : E Q U E S T IO N S
M U LT ı

1 F lu id is a su b s ta n ce th a t (a ) v o lu t r ic t r a in (b ) v o lu
m e e m e t r ic in d e x
(a ) c a n n o t be su b je c t e d t o s hea r fo r ce s (c ) c o m p r e H a ib iï ity {d ) a d h e e io n
(b ) a lw a ys e x p a n ds u n til it fills a n y co n t a in e r (e ) c o h e e ia n
(c ) h a s th e sa m e sh e a r s tr e s s a t a p o in t re g a r d le e e 9 L iq u id e

ww o f its

(d ) c a n
fo r c e
n o
m

t
o tio

re m
n

a in a t re s t u n de r a c tio n o fa n y s he a r
(a ) c a n n o t be co
(b ) o c c u p y d e fin ite v o lu m
(c ) a r e n o t a ffe c te d b y
m p r e e ße d
e

ha

w
c n ge in p reaa u re a n d
(e ) O o w s
te m pe ra tu re

.Ea
2 F lu id is a su b s ta n ce w h ic h o ffe rs n o r e s is ta n ce to
(d ) a re n o t v is c o u s
ch a n ge o f
fe ) n o n e o f th e a bo v e
(a ) p r e s s u re (b ) flo w

syE 10 D en s ity o fw a te r ie m ax im u m a t
(c ) s h a p e (d ) v o lu m e
(a ) 0 °C (b ) 0 ° K
(e ) t e m p e r a t u re

P
(c ) 4 ° C {d ) 1 0 0 ° C
a P r a c t ic a l flu id s
(a ) a r e
(b ) p o s s e s B
v is c o u s

s u r fa c e te n s io n ngi 11
le ) 2 0 C

M a ss
°

d e n e ity o f liq u id (p ) is g iv en by

(c ) a r e
(d ) p o s s e s s
(e ) p o
co m p
a
re ss

ll t h e
ib le
a

f th e
bo v e p r o p e r tie s
a b o v e p r o p e r tie s
nee (a ) P =

V
M
o lu
a ss

2
e
(b ) P -
M e

m
tr ic
2

rin
ssess n on e o kg ee c
w ıP \a l a ıl 0 1 ın e a o o v e
4 In a s ta tic H u id m
4

(a ) r e s is ta n to hear tr e is ll (e ) n bo v

g.n
ce s s s s sm a o n e o f th e a e

(b ) Ðu id p r e s s u r e is z e r o 12 T he v a ı
u e o fm a sa de n s ity in k g ae d /m 4 fo r w a te r a t
(e ) lin e a r d e fo r m a tio n is sm a ll 0 C is
°

5
(d ) o n ly
(e ) v is c o s ity is
A H u id is
(a ) in com
n o rm

p
sa

re s s
a l s tr e s s e s

id to b e id e
n

ib le
il

a
ca n

l, if it is
(b ) in
e x is

v
t

is c o u s 13 U
(a ) 1
(c ) 1 0 0
(e ) 9 8 1

n it8 o fm a ss
e den s ity is
(b ) 1 0 0 0
(d ) 10 1 9
t
(c ) v is c o u s a n d in co m p re ss ib le (a ) k g /k m (b ) k g /m a

(d ) in v is c o u s a n d com p re ss ib le
(e ) in v is c o u s a n d in co m p re ss ib le
6 A n id e a l n o w o fa ny H u id m u s t fu lfıll th e fo llo w in g
(a ) N ew to n
'
B la w o f m o tio n

(b ) N ew to n
'
s la w o f v is c o s ity
h ic h its m o le c u le s a r e
(c ) P a sca ľ la w 14 P ro p e r ty o f a n u id b y w o w n

(d ) C on tin u ity e q u a tio n a t tr a c t e d i8 c a lle d

(e ) B o u n d a r y la y e r th e o r y (a ) a d h e s io n (b ) c o h e e io n
7 If n o r e s is ta n c e iß e n te d b y d is p la t, s u ch
(e ) v is c o 8 it y (d ) c o m p r e g a ib ility
cou n re ce m e n

a su b ßt a n ce ie k n ow n a s (e ) s u r fa ce te n s io n

(a ) O id M do t t g la T h is ia d u e to p r o p e r ty
u (b ) w a te r 16 e r c u ry es n o w e ae

(c ) g a s (d ) p e r fe c t so lid of liq u id k n o w n a s

(e ) id e a l fı
u id (a ) a d h e s io n (b ) c o h e e io n
T he v o h rm e tń c c h f th e flu id ca u se d by a r e g ia (c ) s u r fa ce te n e io n (d ) v ie c o ßity
a n ge o

ta n ce is k n ow n a s (e ) c o m p r e e e ib ility

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

D M ECHA N ı
Uı CS

16 T h e p r o p e r t y o f a O u tid w h ic h e n a b le s it to r e s iB t te n 27 A p e r fe c t g a s
s ile s t r e s s is 】￡n o w n a s (a ) h a s e o n e t a n t v ia c o s ity
(a ) c o m p r e s s ib ilit y (b ) s u r fa ce te n s io n (b ) h a s z e r o v ia c o a ity
(c ) c o h e s io n (d ) a d h e s io n (c ) i8 in co m p re es ib le
(e ) v is c o s ity (d ) i8 o f th e o re t ic a l in te r e s t
17 P r o p e r ty o f a n u id b y w h ic h m o le c u le s o f d iffe re n t (e ) n o n e u f th e a bo v e

k in d s o f O u id s a r e a tt r a a e d t o e a ch o th e r i8 ca lı
e d is c o s it y o m o a t g a se s a n d
28 Fo r v e ry gre a t p re ssu res ,
v

(a ) a d h e s io n (b ) c o h e s io n liq u id 吕
(c j v is c o s it y (d h c o m p r e s s ib ility in (b ) in cr e a se s
(a ) r e m a a sa m e
(e ) s u r fa c e te n s io n
(c ) d e c r e a ses
Th p e c ific ig h t fw '
18 e s w e o a teis 1 0 0 0 k p /m
r
(d ) s h o w s e rra t ic b e ha v io u r

(a ) a t n o rm a l p re ssu re o f 760 m m rť J n o n e n f th e a bu v e

(b ) a t 4 ° C te m pe ra tu re (c ) a t m ea n se a le v e l ho fo Ą B C D o n a p lu t o f
29 F ig B e lo v / s w s u r c u rve s
(d ) a ll t h e a bo v e (e ) n o n e o f th e a bo v e
is c u hea tre s s v e rs u s v e lo c it y g r a d ie n t fo r t h r e e
v u s s r s

ı9 S p e c ific ig h t fw te r in S I its is l to iz ia n e v r b o n ia n a n d id e a l; n n r
ı
w e o a u n e qu a flu id s v n e w to n n n o n

ww
a
(a ) 1 0 0 0 N /m J (b ) 1 0 0 0 0 N ln ı a n id

(c ) 9 8 1 × 1 0 3 N /m 3
(d ) 9 8 1 × 10 6 N /m 3

(e ) 9 8 1 N /n ı3
20 W n
m

(a ) q
a

(c ) la
en

itı s a
wu a s

m
th e

m e a t e
now

i s t a t ic
in a r
p
v e ry
a ra m

i
t e r s a t a ııy g iv e n iııs t a
e

.Ea
p o n t , t h e n O o w is s a id
(b ) s te a d y s t a t e
(山 u n ifo rm
n t re

21
(e ) s t a t ic
W n f tłıe fo llo w in g is d im e n s io n le s s ?
ic h
(a ) SPecific Ţ r e ig h t
o

(b ) s p e c ific v o ı
u m e
syE V e lo c ity g r a d ie M ― ―

(c ) s p e c ific s p e e d
(e ) s p e c
t d
ific
) s pec ific gravit
\i s c o s it y
ngi rel J A

(c ] C
(e ) f th e bo
(b ) B
(d ) D

nee
n o n e o a v e
22 The n o m ıa l s tr e ss in a flu id w ill b e c o n s ta n t in a ll
30 In bo v F ig fo id e a l flu id cu rv e a p p lic a b le is
p o in t o n ly if
a e r
e c t io n s a t a
(a ) A (b t B
(a ) it is in co m p r e s s ib le
(b ) it h
(c ) it h a s z e r o
a s u n ifo
v
rm

is c o
v is
s it y
co s ity (c ) C
(e ) n on e o f th e
rin a bo v e
(d ) D

íd ) it i5 fn
(e ) it is
c t io n

a t re s t
le s s 31 In
IS

(a ) A
a bo v e F ig

g.n
fo r N e w to n ia ın u
ı

(b ) B
id cu rv e a p p lic a b le

e
flu id w ill n t b e s a m e in
23 Th e p re s su r e a t a p o in t in a o
(c ) C (d ) D

t
a ll t h e d ir e c t io n s w hen th u flu id i8
(b ) v is c o tıs (e ) n on e o f tı
ıe a bo v e
(a ) m ov in g
(c ) v is c o u s a n d s t a t ic (d ) in v is c o u s a n d m ov in g 32 In a bo v e F ig fo r n o n N ew to n ;» n O u id cu rv e a p p li
d in g ca b le is
(e ) v is c o u s a n m ov

ig h ts 9 8 1 k g (a ) A (b ) B
24 A n b je c t h a v in g 1 0 k g m
o a ss w e on a

s p ń n g b a la n c e T h e v a lu e o f ￠ a t th iß p la c e is (c ) C (d ) D
(a ) 1 0 m /s e c 2 (b ) 9 8 1 m ls e c 2 (e ) n on e o f th e a bo v e

(c ) 1 0 2 /m se c {c t) 9 7 5 m /s e c 2 33 A n u id in e q u ilib r iu m c a n t m ıs t a iıı
le j 9 m /s e c 2 (a ıt e n s ile s tr e s s (b ) c o m p r e s s iv e s tr e s s

25 T h e te n d e n c y o f a liq u id s ıır fa c e to c o n tr a c t iß d u e to (c ) s h e a r s tr e s s (a b e n d iııg s t r e ss

th e fo llo w in g p r o p e r ty (e ) a ll o f th e a bo v e

(a ) m h e s io n (b ) a d h e s io n 34 V is c o s it y o fw a te r in c o m p a r is o n t o m e r c u ıy is
(c ) v is c o s it y (d ) s u r fa ce te n s io n (b ) lo
(a ) h ig h e r w er

(e ) e la s tic ity (c ) s a n ıe

26 T he f l te m p e
s u r fa c e tp n s io n o n ıe r c u r y a t n o rm a ra td ) M g h e r llo w e r d e p e ııd irıg on te m pe ra tu r e

tu p a r e d to t h t o fw a te r i5
re co m a
(e ) u n p r e d ic ta b le
(a ) m o r e (b ) le s s f la s t ic it y r i t h in cr e a se in
35 T h e b u lk n ıo d u lu s o e
(e ) s a n ıe
p re s s u r e
(d ) n ıo r e or le s s d e p e n d in g on s iz e o f g la s s t u b e (b ) d e c r e a se s
(a ) in cre a se s
(e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e in t a ııt
(c ) r í M a s co n s

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

回 J
þ

l
. ıı i 国
(d ) in c r e a s e s lir s t u p to cer ta in lim it a n d th e n 46 U n its o f su r a ce f te n s Jio n a re
M EC H A N ı
C A L E N G IN E E R ı

(b ) d is t a n
NQ

de cre a s e s (a ) e n e r g y /u n it a r e a ce

(e ) u n p r e d ic t a b le (c ) b o t h o f th e a b o v e (d ) it h a s n o u n it s

8 36 T h e b u lk m o d u lu s o f e la s tic ity (e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e
(a ) h a s th e d im e n s io n s o f V pre ssu re 47 W n ic h o f th e fo llo w in g m e t e r s is n o t a s s o c ia te d w ith

(b ) in c r e a s e s re w it h p r e s s u v is c o s it y ?

(c ) is la r g e w m o r e c o m p r e s s ib le
h e n n u id is (a ) R e d w o o d (b ) S a y b o lt
( ) s n e p e n e n o p r e s s u r e a n d v is c o s ity
d i i d d t f (c ) E n g le r (d ) O r s a t
(e ) is d ir e c tly p r o p o r tio n a l to flo w (e ) n o n e o f th e a bo v e

37 A b a llo o n liftin g in a ir fo llo w s th e fo llo w in g p r in 48 C ho o se th e co rre c t r e la tio n s h ip

c ip le (a ) s p e c ilic g r a v ity = g r a v ity × de n s ity
(a ) ıa w o f g r a v it a t io n (b ) A r c h im e d e s p r in c ip le (b ) d y n a m ic v is c o s ity - k in e m a tic v is c o s ity × d e n s ity
(c ) p ń n c ip le o f b u o y a n c y (d ) a ll o f th e a b o v e (c ) g r a v ity sp e c ific g r a v ity × den s it y

(e ) c o n tin u it y e q u a tio n (d ) k in e m a t ic v is c o s ity

ww
38 T he v a lu
f t h e c o e ffic ie n t
e o o f co m p re ss ib ilit y fo r d yna m i c vi sc o s i ty × d e n s i ty
w a te r a t o r d in a r y p r e s s u r e a n d t e m p e r a tu re in k g / (e ) h y o s t a t ic fo r c e - s u r fa ce te n s io n x gr a v ity
a i
cm s e q u a l to
49 D im en s io n s o f s u r fa ce te n s io n a re
(a ) 1 0 0 0 (b ) 2 1 0 0

w
LL U P 2 rL o p 1
(a ) M (b ) M
(c ) 2 7 0 0 (d ) 1 0 , 0 0 0 (c ) M LL L F 2
(d ) M RL Z F 2

39
(e ) 2 1 0 0 0
Th e in
(a ) in c r e a s e
cr e a s e o f t e m p e r a tu r e
in v is c o s ity o f g a .Ea re su lt s in 50
(e ) M Ī L oT 1

F o r m a n o m e t e r a b e tt e r liq u id com b in a tio n is on e

P
h a v in g

syE
s

(b ) in c r e a s e in v is c o s it y o f liq u id (a ) h ig h e r s u r fa c e t e n s io n
(c ) d e c r e a s e in v is c o s ity o f g a s (b ) lo w e r s u r fa c e t e n s io n
(d ) d e c r e a s e in v is c o s it y o f h q u id (e ) s u r fa c e t e n s io n is n o c r it e r io n

40
(e ) (a ) a n d (d ) a b o v e
S u r fa
(a ) N
ce te n
to n
s io n

s /m
2
h a s th e u n it s
(b ) N
o f
to ııs /m 2 ngi (d ) h ig h d e n s it y a n d v is c o s ity
(e ) lo w d e n s ity a n d v is c o s ity

nee
ew ew 51 If m e rcu r y in a ba ro m e t e r is re p la c e d b y w a t e r th e
(c ) N ew to n s /m (d ) N ew to n s h e ig h t o f 3 75 cm o fm e rcu r y w ill b e fo 끄o w in g cm of

(e ) N ew to n m w a te r

(a ) 5 1 c m (b ) 5 0 c m

rin
41 S U C e t e n s io n
(a ) a c ts (c ) 5 2 c m (d ) 5 2 2 c n
in t h e p la n e o f t h e in t e r fa ce n o rm a l to a n y
ı

lin e in t h e s u r fa c e (e ) 5 1 7 c m
(b ) is a ls o k n o w n a s c a p illa r ity
(c ) is a fu n c t io n o f t h e c u r v a t u r e o f t h e in te r fa
(d ) d e c r e a s e s w ith fa ll in t e m p e r a t u r e
ce
52 Cho ose

A lc o h o l is
th e w ro n

u se

(a ) it s v a p o u r p r e s s u r e is lo w
d in
g.n g
m
s ta te

a n o m
m e n

e te
t

r b eca u se

42
(e ) h a s n o u n it s
The
(a ) lin e a r
s tr e s s

(c ) h y p e r b o lic
s tr a in re la tio n o f th e N
(b ) p a r a b o lic
(d ) in v e r s e ty p
ew to n e o n

e
flu id is
(b ) it p r o v id e s s u it a b le m e n is c u
tu b e
(c ) it s d e n s it y is le s s
(d ) it p r o v id e s lo n g e r le n g th fo
e r
s

a g iv en
in e d
fo r th e in c ı

t
pressu re
d iĦe re n ce
(e ) n on e o f th e a bov e
(e ) it p r o v id e s a cc u r a te re a d in g s
43 A liq u id c o m p r e s s e d in c y lin d e r h a s a v o lu m e o f
53 In cre a se in p r e s su r e a t th ou ter e dge o f a đ ru m o f
0 0 4 m a a t 5 0 k g /c m 2 a n d a v o lu m e o f 0 0 3 9 m 3 a t e

ra d iu s R d u e to r o t a tio n a t m ra d /s e c fu ll o f liq u id o f
1 5 0 k g fc m ż T h e b u lk m o d u lu s o f e la s tic it o f li u id is
y q den s ity p w ill b e
(a ) 4 0 0 k g /c m 2 (b ) 4 0 0 0 k g /c m 2
(c ) 4 0 × 1 0 5 k g /c m 2
(a ) p [o 2 R 2 (b ) p {ū 2 R 2 /2
(d ) 4 0 × 1 0 6 k g /c m 2
(c ) 2 p ū )2 R 2 (d ) p ü )2 R /2
(e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e
(e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e
44 The u n it s o f v is c o s it y are
z 54 Th e p ro
p ty er o f flu id b y v ir tu e o f w h ic h it o ffe rs re
(a ) m e tr e s per sec (b ) k g s e c /m e tr e z
s is t a n c e t o s h e a r is c a lle d
(c ) N ew to n s e c p e r m e tr e 2

a
(a ) u r fa c e te n s io n (b ) a d h e s io n
(d ) N ew to n se c p e r ın e tr e
(c : c o h e s io n (d ) v is c o s ity
(e ) N o n e o f th e a bov e
(e ) a ll o f th e a b o v e
45 K in em a tic v is c o s ity is d e p e n d e n t u p o n
55 C hoo se th e w ron g s t a te m en t
(a ) p r e s s u r e (b ) d is t a n c e
(a ) flu id s a re ca p a b le o f flo w in g
(c ) le v e l (d ) flo w ta in in g
(b ) flu id s con fo r m to th e s h a p e o f th e co n
(e ) d e n s ity v e sse ls

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

D M ECHA Nı
CS

(c ) w h e n in e q u ilib r iu m ,
flu id s ca n n o t s u s t a in (c ) it h a s lo w s u r fa c e t e n s io n
ta i ıg e n tia l fo r c e s (d ) it c a n p r o v id e lo n g e r c o lu m n d u e t o lo w de n s it y
(d ) w h e n in e q u ilib r iu m ,
Ĥ u id s ca n su s t a in s he ar (e ) is p r o v id e s s u it a b le m e n is c u s
fo rce s 65 A pre ssu re o f 25 m o fh ea d o fw a t e r is e qu a l to
(e ) flu id s h a v e s o m e d e g r e e o f co m p re ss ib ility an d ￡N /m
(a ) 2 5 】 2 ￡N /n
(b ) 2 4 5 】 2
ı
o ffe r little r e s is t a n c e t o fo r m 2
(d ) 2 5 k N /m 2
(c ) 2 5 0 0 】￡N /m

ofw t e r is 1 0 0 0 k g lm a
56 T he d e n s it y a a t (e ) 1 2 5 】 ￡N /m
2

(a ) 0 ° C (b ) 0 ° K S p e c ifıc w e ig h t o f s e a w a t e r is m o r e t h a t f pu
66 o re

(c ) 4 C °
(d ) 2 0 ° C w a t e r b e c a u s e it c o n t a in s
(e ) a ll t e m p e r a tu re
(a ) d is s o lv e d a ir (b ) d is s o lv e d s a lt
57 If w is t h e specific w e ig h t o f liq u id a n d h t h e d e p th (c ) s u s p e n d e d m a tt e r (d ) a ll o f t h e a b ov e

o f a ııy p o iııt fr o m th e s u r fa c e , th e n p r e s s u r e in t e n
(e ) h e a v y w a te r
s ity a t t h a t p o in t w ill b e f 1 a
th 0 85
67 If 8 5 0 k g liq u id o ccu p ie s v o lu m e o m ,
e n
(a ) h (b ) u t h
r e p r e s e n t s its
(C ) u ]ı
h (d ) h lu J ig h t (b ) s p e c ific m a s s
(a ) s p e c ific w e

ww (c ) s p e c ific g r a v ity (d ) s p e c ific d e n s it y

58 C ho o se th e w r o n g s t a te m e n t f th e bov
(e ) n on e o a e
(a ) V is c o s ity o f a U u id is t h a t p r o p e r t y w h ic h
1 8

w
d e te r m ir ıe s t h e a m o u n t o f it s r e s is t a i ıc e t o a V 0 0022 t is t h e t io t o d e t e r m in e ki
68 - e qu a n
s h e a r in g fo r c e
t

(b ) V is c o s it y is d u
Ĥ u id
(c ) V is c o s it y
m o le cu le
f liq u id s d e
e

s
p r im a r

.Ea
ily t o in t e r a c

ith in
tio n b e t w een

in
n em

(b ) E
a

(a J R e d w
t ic

g le r
v

o o
is c o s it y
d v

is c o
is c o m
m
o

e te
f liq u id s b y
e

r
te r

syE
o n v
cr e a se s w cr e a se

te m pe ra tu r e (c ) S a y b o lt u n iv e r s a l v is e o m e te r

(d ) V is c o s it y o f liq u id s is a p p r e c ia b ly a tTe c t e d b y (d ) N e w to n v is c o m e t e r
ch a n g e in p r e (e ) n o n e o f t h e a b o v e

ngi
s su r e

(e ) V is c o s it y is ex pre sse d a s p o is e s to k e or sa y b o lt 69 F f a liq u id t e n d s t o c o n t r a c t t o th

r e e s u r fa c e o e sm a ll
, ,

se co n ds e s t p o s s ib le a r e a d u e t o fo r c e o f

59 Th
(a ) m
(c ) N
e u n

e w
it s
tr e
to n
s
o
2
f k in
pe
s e c
r

p
e m

se c

er m
a tic

e tr
v is c o s ity

e
(b ) k g
2
a re

s e c /m e tr e
2

nee(a ) s u r fa c e t e n s io n
(c ) fr ic t io n
(d ) a d h e s io n
(b ) v is c o s ity
(d ) c o h e s io n

(d ) N
(e ) n
e w

on e
to n

o f th e
se c
2

a
p
bov
e r m

e
e tr e 70 A bu
A
c k e t o f w a t e r is h a n g in g fr o m

rin
a s p r in g b a la n c e

ir o n p ie c e is s u s p e n d e d in t o w a t e r w it h o u t t o u c h
n

60 Th
kn
e

ow n

(a ) s p
ra t io
a s

ific
o f a

is c o s ity
b s o lu t e v is c o s ity t o

(b ) v is c o s ity in d e x
m a ss d e n s ity is
b a la n c e r e a d in g w ill
(a ) in cre a se g.n
in g s id e s o f b u c k e t f o m a n o th e r s u p p o r t T h e s p r in g

(b ) d e c r e a s e

e
e c v

(d ) c o e ffic ie n f v is c o s ity (c ) r e m a in s a m e

t
(c ) k in e m a t ic v i s c o s it y t o

ib ility (d ) in c r e a s e /d e c r e a se de p en d in g on d e p th o f
(e ) e o e fħc ie n t o f c o m p r e ss
im m e r s io n
61 K h ıe m a t ic v is c o s it y is e q u a l to
(e ) u n p re d ic t a b le
(a ) d y n a m ic v is c o s it y ld e n s ity
is c o s it y × d e n s it y 71 P a llin g d r o p s o f w a te r b e co m e s ph ere s du e t o th e
(b ) d y n a m ic v

s ity /d jm ic is c o s ity p r o p e r ty o f
(e ) d e n a m v

is it y den it y (a ) a d h e s io n (b ) c o h e s io n
(d ) U d y n a m ic v c o s × s

dyn ic is c o s it y (c ) s u r fa c e t e n s io n (d ) v is c o s it y
(e ) s a m e a s a m v

W h ic h f th fo llo in g is t h e u n it o f k in em a t ic (e ) c o m p r e s s ib ilit y
62 o e w

72 A liq u id w o u ld w e t th lid if dh e s io n fo
ńscosity ? e so a rc e s a s

(a ) P a s c a l (b ) P o is e com p a r e d to co h e s io n fo rce s a re

(c ) S t o k e (d ) F a r a d a y (a ) le s s (b ) m o re

bo (e ) e q u a l
(e ) n o n e o f t h e a v e

(d ) le s s lo w d m ore a t h ig h
63 A o n e d im e n s io n a lū o w is on e w h ic h a t te m p e r a tu re a n

te m p era tu re
(a ) is u n ifo r m flo w (b ) is s te a dy u n ifo r m flo w
(e ) t h e r e is n o su c h cr it e r io n
(c ) t a k es p la ce in s t r a ig h t lin es

t f flo w 73 If c o h e s io n b e t w e e n m o le c u le s o f a flu id is g r e a t e r
(d ) in v o lv e s z ero tr a n sv erse com p on en o
t h a n a d h e s io n b e t w e e n flu id a n d g la s s th e n th e fr e e
(e ) t a k e s p la ce in on e d im e n s io n
le v e l o f n u id in a d ip p e d g la s s tu b e w ill b e
64 A lc o h o l is u se d in m a n o m e te r s b e ca u se id
(a ) h ig h e r th a n th e s u r fa c e o f liq u
(a ) it h a s lo w v a p o u r p r e s s u re
f liq u id
(b ) th e s a m e a s th e s u r a f c e o
(b ) it is c le a r ly v is ib le

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

lu l
■
l (c ) lo w e r th ıın t h e su r fį rc e o f liq u id Ba T he ct n tr o o f g r w ity u r t llı1 v u ı u m u o l 1ł ıľ ll￠
lu ld d lı
f th e bo v e p lm t ￠ıb y n n i m m t + l llı
ıl b ııd y Ia c n l lo tl
(d ) u n p r e d ic t a b le
\
(ť ) n on e o a
(u ) lı1 ı3tłı c c n l r t! (b ) c o n t r o tıl pmnaltre
7& 1 1 ıe Ħ tin t in th e iı】ım e r s e d b u d ľ th r o u g h w h ic lı t lıu
(ľ ) c e tr o of b tıo y łın c y (r h t ų + n tr o ıır # n łv ity
iq u id ırr n y b e ta k e n to n c t
r e s u lta n t p r e s s u r e o f th e ı
n

is k r ıo w ıı a s (e ) n o llu n ıt h t? n h ï v u

(a ) n ıe ta cen tr e (b ) c e n tr e o f p re s s u re 83 A p io c u m t 1lıı( ıf B p lT c in c # n rv ily I:łFl IH ı

n l ・ ıiï ı
ced h
it ľ f c iñ g r a v ity 13 6 w h tıt faction o f It
(c ) c e n t r e o f b u o y a n c j (d ) c e n tr e o tg ma v m o ľ c u ry zą p o c o ,

(e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e v o lu m e is u n d o r m o r c t ır y T

75 T h e t o ta l p r e s s on t h e s u r fa c e o f ß v e r t ic a l s lu ic e (◆ ) t h t ! m e ta l p it w t w ill H iın p ly n o o t o v e r thı '

m e rc u ry
g a te 2 m x ıın w it h its to p 2 m s u r fa c e b e in g 0 5 ı
ıı
beı tı le v e l w ill b e (b ) 山 c m u ta l p iu c t! w ill b o iın ır ıo r a e d in m u rcu r by
ow ıe w a te r y
(a ) 5 0 0 k g h a ll
(b ) 1 0 0 0 k g
(c ) w tıo lo (] r tlru m u ta ıp it lc u w iı
l b n im m u rao d w ith
15 0 0 k g (d ) 2 0 0 0 k ß
its Lo p s u r lł
\ľ u jl ıH l n ılı1 t ? r l lu v o ı
l ır y
(e ) 4 0 0 0 k g
(d ) m t n ıp it t'" l H iı] k lu llłu b u t t( ıııl
iı

ww
c w
76 T lıe r e s u lt a n t u p w a r d p r e s s u r e o f a\ n u id o n a n t ıa t
in g b o d y is e q u a l t o t h e w e ig h t o f t h e n u id d is p ltrc e d (ı ) n u lıu u t U ru bo
tı v o

b y th e b o d y T h is d e fin it io n is a c c o r d in g t o 84 T hc n n B le o fc o n ta c t iı7 1s o o
cı f łı lit l\ t it l U u p u n d a u po n
l th u lid

w
(a ) B u o y a n c y (a ) t h e n a tu re o it ll ıid
f L Iru ı łıın uo

(b ) E q u ilib r iu m o f a flo a t in g b o d y (b ) Lh u m n te r itıl w h ic h o b je te n bo v o U it g fr e e u u r fa c e

(c ) A r c h im e d e s p r in c ip le
(d ) B e n ıo u u i s th e o r e m '
'

.Ea u f Ĺh c lit lu id

(c ) b o t h
(e ) n o n e
u f Lh o
f Łltu
a bo
bo
v e (d ) a n y o n e o f th u a bo v e

syE
(e ) M e ta cen tr ic p r in c ip le o a v e

77 Th e resu lta n t u p w a r d p r e s s u re o f th e n u id o n a n 85 E e s u r fa c e o f a liq u id b u h ııv e s lik u il H łıt tu l tın d te n di

im m erse d b o d y is c a lle d t o c o n t r a c t to s m a llu x l iN ıs H ib l( a re n d u u Lu t h u

(a ) u p tb r u s t (b ) b u (a ) fo f a d h e s io (b ) lb r e c h e s io n

ngi
o ya n cy rce o n (ıľ c o

ce n tr e o f p re ssm e (c ) fo r c e o f fr ic t io n (t t) fb r c e o ľ d iflh tıio n

(d ) a ll th e a bov e a r e c o rr e c t (e ) n o n e o f th e a bo v e

78 The
(e ) n

h ıg b o d y
on e o

co n
f
d it io
a re
a bo v
n s
e

fo r t h e
is corre ct

s t a b le e q u ilib r iu m o f a no
nee
a t
86 R in d r o p s a
a

(a ) v is c o s ity
(c ) s u r fa ce te
re e

n s io n
p h e r ic a l b e

Ib r c e s (o ) a t m
ca u se o

(b ) n ir r e s is

o s
ľ
ta n ce

p h u r ic p r o a e u re
(a ) t h e

(b ) th e
gra v
m

ity
e ta cen tr e s ho u ld lie a bo v e th e ce n tr e o f
87 S
(e ) n
u r fa
on e o

ce e n e rgy
rin
f th c a

pc
bov
r u n
e

it a re a o fa s u r fa c e ia n u m e ri

g.n
ce n tr e o fbu o y a iıc y a n d th e c e ı1 t r e o fgra v ity lly l to
ca e q u n
m u st lie o n th e sa ı
n e v e r t ic a l lin e
(a ) a Lm u s ph c r ic p re s s u re (b ) s u r fa ce t e n s io n
(c ) a r ig h tin g c o u p le s h o u ld b e fo rm e d (c ) fo rce o fa dhe s io n (r l ) fo f c o h e s in

e
rce n n
(d ) a ll t h e a b o v e a r e c o r r e c t
(e ) v is c o s ity

79
(e ) n o n e o f t h e a b o v e is c o ır e c t
P o is e is t h e
(a ) s u r fa
(c ) v is c o s ity
(e ) b u o y a n c y
ce
u n

te
it
n s io n
o f
(b ) c a p illa r ity
(d ) s h e a r s t r e s s in n u id s
88 Th
m

(a ) 1
(c ) 1 0
m
e c a

bo
m

m
p illa r y r is e a l 2 0 C in

m
°

r e c o n t a in in g w a t e r is

(b ) 5
a

(c t) 2 0
c

pp
m
le

m
m
a n

ro x

m
t
g la s s tu b e
im a te ly
o f1

(e ) 3 0 m 田
80 M e t a c e n tr ic h e ig h t is g iv e į a s th e d is t a b e tw
n ce e e n 89 T h e d iffe r e n c e o f p r e s s u r e b e tw e e n t h e in s id e a n d
(a ) t h e c e iıt r e o f g r a v it y f th e bo dy d
o a n th o u t s id e o f a liq u id d r o
p is
e
m e ta ce n tr e
(a ) p T x r- (b ) p - T ir
(b ) th e cen tr e o f g r a v ity f tlıe b o d y d th e
o a n cen tr e o f Lc ) p T /2 r - (d ) p 2 T lr
b u o y a n cy -

(e ) n o n e o f th e a bo v e
(c ) th e c e n tr e o f g r a v ity o f th e b o d y a n d th e cen tr e f
o 90 If t h e s u r fa c e o f liq u id is c o n v e x , th e n
p re s su re

(d ) c e n t r e f bu a n c y a ııđ m
(a ) c o h e s io n p r e s s u r e is n e g lig ib le
o o y e ta ce n tr e
(e ) n o n e o f th e a bo v e
(b ) c o h e s io n p r e s s u r e is d e c r e a s e d

ı T lıe b u
(c ) c o h e s io n p r e s s u r e is in c r e a se d
o y a n cy đe p e n d s on
(d th e r e is n o c o h e s io n p r e s s u re
(a ) m a s s o f liq u id d is p la c e d
(e ) n o n e o f th e a bo v e
(b ) v is c o s ity o f t h e liq u id
91 T o a v o id v a p o r is a t io n in t h e p ip e lin e th e p ip e lin e
(c ) p r e s s u r e o f t h e liq u id d is p la ce d th a n
ov er th e r id g e IB la id s u c h t h a t it is n o t m o r e
(d ) d e p th o f im m e r s io n
(a ) 2 4 m a bo v e th e hy d ra u lic g r a d ie n t
(e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e th hy dra lic g r a d ie n t
(b ) 6 4 m a bo v e e u

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

E C H A N IC S

(c ) 1 0 0 m a b o v e t h e h y d r a u lic g r a d ie n t
■
10 ı C a p illa ry a c t io n is d u e to th e
(d ) 5 0 a b o v e th e h y d r a u lic g r a d ie n t (a ) s u r fa ce te n s io n (b ) c o h e s io n o f th e liq u id
(e ) n o n e o f t h e a b o v e (c ) a d h e s io n o f th e liq u id m o le c u le s a n d tı
ıe
T id in t e i T p t io n in th n f o le c u le s n t h e s u r fa c e o f a s o lid
yp h o n
o a v o a n u e o w o a s m o
,
a n
a ir l is p r o v id e d
v e sse (d ) a ll o f t h e a b o v e
(a ) a t th e in le t (b ) a t th e o u t le t (e ) n o n e o f t h e a b o v e

(c ) a t th e su m m it 10 2 The fa ll o f h e a d 'Tı in a c a p illa r y t u b e o f d i

r is e or
'

(d ) a y y p o in t b e t w m e t e r ď a n d liq u id s u r fa c e t e n s io n ď a n d s p e c ific
' '
a n e en in le t a n d o u t le t a

(e ) n on e o f th e a bov e w e ig h t w
'
is e q u a l t o
'

Th 4o 4do
e v a p ou r p r e s s u r e o v e r th e c o n c a v e s u r fa c e is
(a ) le s s th a n th e v a p o u r p r e ssu re o v e r th e p la n e
su r fa ce
(e )
(b ) e q u l to th th d
a e v a p o u r p r e ssu r e o v e r e p la n e cr

s u r fa c e 4d
(e )

ww
(c ) g r e a t e r t h
s u r fa c e

(d ) z e r o
a n th e v a p o u r

(e ) n
pr e s su re

o n e o f th
ov er

e a
th

bov
e

e
p la n e
103 N e w

(a ) s h e a r
ı
4) P

to n
'
s la w

s tr e s s
o f v is c o s ity is a r e la t io n s h ip b e tw e e n
a n d t h e r a t e o f a n g u la r d is t o r tio n

Th
tiv
e

e m

(a ) s u r fa
w
p r o

(c ) v is c o s it y
p e r ty b y v ir t u e o f w h ic h a liq u id o p p
t io n b e tw e e n it s d iffe r e n t la y e r s is
c e te n s io n

.Ea (b ) c o
(d ) o s m
e
o se s re

c a

ffic ie n t o f v is c o s ity
o s is
lle d
la (b ) s h e a r s t r e s s a n d v is c o s ity
(c ) s h e a r s t r e s s v e lo c ity a n d v is c o s ity
(d ) p r e s s u r e v e lo c ity a n d v is c o s ity
,

(e ) s h e a r s t r e s s p r e s s u r e a n d r a t e ,
o f a n g u la r

Th
th
(e ) c o h e s io n
e

r o u
p
gh
ro ce ss o

a s e m
f d ifn
ip erm
ıs io n

e a
o
syE
b le
f on e

m e m
liq u id in t o t h e o th
b r a n e is c a u e d
er
104 Th
cre a se s
e
d is t o r tio n
a tm o s p h e r ic p re s su r e w it h r is e in a ltit u d e d e

(a ) v is c o s it y
(c ) s u r fa c e t e n s io n
(b ) o s m
(d ) c o h e s io n
o s is

ngi (a ) lin e a r ly
(b ) fir s t s lo w ly a n d th e n s t e e p ly
(c ) fi r s t s t e e p ly a n d th e n g r a d u a lly
(e ) d iffu s iv it y
T h e u n it s
(a ) n ıe t r e s p e r s e c
o
2
f dyn a m ic o r a b s o lu t e
(b ) k g
v is c o s ity
s e c /n ıe tr e
a re
nee (d ) u n p r e d ic t a b le
(e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e
1o d by

rin
10 5 P ī e ssu re o f th e o r de r o f 1 0- to rr c a n be m e a su re
2
(c ) N e w t o n s e c p e r m e t r e (a ) B o u r d o n t u b e (b ) P ir a n i G a u g e
2
(d ) N e w t o n s e c p e r m e t r e (c ) m ic r o m a n o m e te r (d ) io n is a s tio n g a u g e
(e ) n
Th e
o n e

d im
o

e n s
f th
io
e a

n s o
bov
f co e
e

fn c ie n t o f v is c o s it y a r e
106
(e ) M c L e o d g a u g e
0 p e ra t io n o f M g.n c L e o d g a u g e u s e d fo r lo w p r e s s u re

e
LL l 1 (b ) M lL l 1
t is b a d o n t h e p r in c ip le o f
(a ) M m e a su re m en se

t
lL 1 T 1
(c ) M LL 1 F 1 (d ) M (a ) G a s la w (b ) B o y le s la w
'

(c ) C h a r le s la w
'
(d ) P a sca ľ s la w

t in it y t io is co n n e c te d w it h (e ) M c L e o ď s la w
T h e co n u e qu a n

(a ) v is c o u s /u n v is c o u ß n u id s 10 7 A n o dd sh a p e d b o d y w e ig h in g 7 5 k g a n d o ccu p y in g
3
v o lu m e w ill b e c o m p le t e ly s u b m g e d in a
(b ) c o m p r e s s ib ilit y o f flu id s 0 01 m e r

f flu id h a v in g s p e c ific g r a v ity o f

(c ) co n se r v a t io n o m a ss

(d ) s t e a d y _ n s te a d y flo w
l/p ip H (c ) 0 8 (d ) 0 7 5
(e ) o p e n c h a n n e e ow

d e p r e s s io n o f liq u id in a tu b e d u e to su r
T he r is e o r
f tu b e ill ı0 8 In is o t h e r m l a tn h e re th e p r e s s ıır e
s e in s iz e ıo s p
s io n w it h in c r e a
o w a n a
fa ce te n
lin ly ith e le v a tio n
(a ) in c r e a s e (a ) d e c r e a s e s e a r w

(b ) r e m a in s ta n t
(b ) r e m a in u n a ffe c t e d con s
th e d e n s ity
de cre a se de p e n d in g o n th e (c ) v a r ie s in th e s a n ıe w a y a s
(c ) m a y in cre a se o r
t ia lly w it h e le v a t io n
o f liq u id
e n
ch a r a c t e r is t ic s (d ) in c r e a s e s e x p o n
(d ) d e c r e a se (e ) u n p r e d ic t a b le
d in b a ro m e te r be ca u se
l M is fte n u se
p r e d ic t a b e
o
(e ) u n ı0 9 e r c u ry
li u id
l
L iq u id s t r a n s m it p r e s s u r e e q u a l y in a
ll t h e d ir e c (a ) it is th e b e s t q
f b a r o m e te r w ill b e le ss
Lio n s T h is is a c c o r d in g t o (b ) t h e h e ig h t o
e s s u r e is so lo w t h a t it m a y be
(a ) B o y le s la w
'
(b ) A r c h im e d e s p r in c ip le (c ) it s v a p o u r p r
(d ) N e w t o n ' s fo r m u la g le c t e d
n e
(c ) P a s c a ľ s la w d (c ) (e ) it m ov es e a s ily
t io (d ) b o tb (b ) a n
(e ) C h
'
e zy s e qu a n

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

■■■团团■ ― ―

is d to m e a su re
1 ı0 B a r o ın e te r u se
n e ls e t c
(a ) p r e e s u in p ip e s c h a n
re ,

o s p h e r ic p r e s
su re
(b ) a tm

b e tw e en tw o p o in t s
(d ) d iffe r e n ce o fpressu re

en t ca n
b e iıs e d fo r
1 1 ı M ï h ic h o f th e fo llo w in g in s tr u m de e p se a ?
o v in g in
i e d o f a s u b m a r in e m
m e asu r n g ps e

(a ) V e n t u r in ıe te r (b ) O r ilic e p la t e
te r (d ) r o t a m e te r
(c ) h o t v A r e a n em o n ıe

(e ) p ito t tu b e
d fo r
in g in s t r u m e n t c a n b e
u se
1 12 w n ic h of t lıe fo llo w

m e a s u r il ıg s p e e d o
f a n a e r o p la n e ?
(a ) V e n tu r im e te r (b ) O r ific e p la t e
te r
(c ) h o t w ir e a n e m o m e t e r (d ) r o t a m e

1 13 ww
(e ) p ito t tu b e
P ie z o m e te r

(a ) p r e s s u r e in p ip e c h a n n e ls
is u se d to m e a su r e

w ,
e tc

(b ) a tm o s p h e r ic p r e s s u r e
(c ) v e r y lo w p r e s s u r e s
(d ) d iffe r e n c e o f p r e s s u r e b e t w .Ea e en tw o p o in t s

1 14
(e ) flo w
M n r ic h
5 1ır e
o

flo w
f th e fo llo w ir ıg in
on th e a p p lic a t io n
syE s tr u m

o fB
en

e m
t s is
o u
u se d to m e a
lli' s th e o r e m ? / /
/ /
y
/

(a ) V e n tu r im
(c ) n o z z le
e te r (b ) O r ific e p la
(d ) p it o t tu b e
te

ngi / /

nee
(e ) a ll o f tı
ıe a bov e
S he a r ra te
1 15 T he s peed o f so u n d in a p e r fe c t g a s is g iv e n by
(a ) c u rv e A (b ) c u r v e B

rin
k (r a t io o f s p e c iİ ic h e a t ca p a c itie s ) (c ) c u r v e C (d ) c u r v e D
(a )
VR (g a s co n s t a i ıt ) × T (a b s o lu te t e m p ) (e ) n o n e o f th e a bo v e

12 3 E le r d im

g.n r e la te s th e
'
e n s io n le ber
(b ì JĴM ( Cì{j
u

(a ) in
s ss n m

e r tia l fo r c e a n d g r a v ity
Ld ) m (e ì Ł
K R T ıZ (b ) v is c o u s fo r c e a n d

e
in e r t ia l fo r c e
(c ) v is c o u s fo r c e a n d

t
1 16 The sp e e d o f so u n d in a id e a l g a s v a r ie s d ir e c t ly bu n cy fo r c e
a s o ya
it s (d ) p r e s s u r e fo r c e a n d in e r tia l fo r c e
(a ) p r e s s u re (b ) te m p e r a tu r e (e ) p r e s s u r e fo r c e a n d v is c o u s fo r c e
(d ) m o d u lu s o f e la s tic it 12 4 F ig B e lo w iq
y show s th e ca p illa r ity a c tio n
(e ) a b s o lu te te m p e r a tu
g la
re
ss tu b e s fo r v a r io u s liq u id s
1 17 Speed o f sou n d in w a te r is l to
e qu a

K
a ) (b )
o (d e n s tw )

(C ) J I K (d ) K to
e )u
1 18 】7 o w n ıa t e r s b a s e d on o b s tr u c t io n p r in c i l
p e lik e o lq
fıc e p la te s c a lı b e u se d w it h R e y n o lď s n
u n ıb
a p p r o x im a te ly
e r u
p to

(a ) 5 0 0 (b ) 1 0 0 0
(c ) 2 0 0 0 (d ) 4 0 0 0 F o r m e rcu r
y ,
fo llo w in g cu rv e h o ld s
(e ) 1 0 0 0 0 B
(b ) C u rv e
1 19 D y i ıa n ıic is c o s ity (c ) c u D
v o fn t f t h e liq u id s it h C
ıo s o w r is e in rv e
(d ) c u rve
te m p e r a tu r e (e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e
(a ) in c r e a s e s 126 F (
(b ) d e c r e a s e s O r ta p w a te r fo llo w u ıg cu rv e
h o ld s
(c ) r e m a h ıs um a fï e c te d (d ) u ııp r e d ic t a b le F ig ) ,

(e ) n on e o f t hie b (a ) c u B
a ov e r v e A ) rv e
Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by(b CamScanner cu
 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

■
U ID M E C H A N ı
CS ■
(r ) c u lv o (d ) c u rv o D 13 6 T ho re s u lta n t u p w a r d p r e e s u r e o ľ th e n u id o n a n
(ı ) n o ııt ' tıľ t h n n ln tv u im m e r«u d b m ly U u u tu ils l u n d c n c y Lo u p ıift th e s u b
ı2 e 】O r d i《t illo d w n tu ı a t v e ry lo w 也e ın p o r a t u fo llo w m e rg e d b u Lly iH ca lle d
ro
in K c u R v o h o ld n (1tu ft r a bo v e l? iH ) (a ) u p th r u s L (b ) r e a c tio n
(a ) c u Rv T A (b ) c u rv e B (c ) b u o y a n c y (d ) m e ta ce n tr e

(ľ ) c L łr v o U (e ) c e n t r e tJ f prc R s u re
(t ł) c u rv o D
(( ) 11 o n t n ılh u a bo v e 13 6 T he ce n tr e o fpre ssu re o fa s u F fa c e s u b je c t e d to n u id

12 7 】? o r d is tilı t t l w u to r ı\L h ig h e r te m lu ti]llu in g p r e s s u r e is t h c p o in t

pu rn ru w
(a ) o n t h e s u r lh c e a L w h ic h resu lt a n t pressu r e a c ts
cu rv e h o ld s (ı h lb r a bo v e P ig )
(b ) 【)n th e s u r fa c e a l w h ic h g r a v it a t io n a l fo r c e a c ts
(a ) c u rv o A (b ) c u rv e B
(c j a t w h ic h a ll h y d r a u lic fo r c e s m e e t
(c ) c u rv e C (t l) c u rv e D
(d ) s im iı
a r Lo m e ta ce n tr e
(t ) n o n e u f th e a bo v e
(e ) w h e r e p r e s s u re e q u iv a le n t to h y d r a u lic th r u s t
12 8 M u n o m e tu r is u hs d Lo m e a su re
w ill a c t
({ı) Jì r e s s Lu .e irı p ip u s c ha n n e ls c lc

(c ) v ww
(b ) łt L m
e Fy
o s p h t

lu w p
R iĽ p

r e s s u ]'"
ru s s u re
13 7 B u o

(a ) t h e
(b ) t h e
ya n t fu

re su

res u
rce

lta
lt a
n
is

n
t fo
t fo r c e
rc e a c t in g

o n a
o n flo a t in g b o d y
a

b o d y d u e t o t h e flu id

w
(d ) d itfb r o n ce o f p re s s u re b u lw ee n Lw o p o in L s
s u rro u n d in g it
(t l ) v u lu ily l t 【) t h e v o lu f liq u id d is p la d

.Ea
Ľ
(c ) e q u a m e o ce

12 9 W h ic h o f t h e fo llo w in g m a n o m e te r ha s h ig h e s t se n
(d ) t h e fo rc e n e c e s s a ry to m a in t a in e q u ilib r iu m o fa
ßit iv iL y ! su bm e r g e d bo dy
(a ) U t u b e
(c ) U t u h e
(d ) m ic r o m
w

w
iL h

a n o m
it h
w

e
a Lu

e r c u ry

tc
r

r w
syE
iLh
(b ) in c lin

w a te r
e d U tu b e

13 8
(e ) n o n e o f th e
T h e h o r iz o n t a l c o m p o n e n t o f b u o y a
(a ) n e g lig ib le
a bov e

n t fo rce is

18 0 In
(ľ ) d is p ı
o
a ce

rd e r to
m

in
e n t Ly p

c re a s e
e

s e n s it iv ity o f U t u b e m a n o

lly in c lin e d b y a n g le 0 S e n s iti

ngi (b ) s a m e a s b u o y a n t fo r c e
(c ) z e r o
e

nee
m e te r on e ]e g is u su a (d ) b u o y a n t fū r c e x ta n
,

v ity o f in c lin e d tu b e t n s e n s it iv ity o f U t u b e i8 e q u a l (e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e

to 13 9 T h e fo rce u fbu o y y is d e p e
a n c n den t on

ía ) m a ss o

(b ) v is c o s it y
f liq u
o
rin f n u id
id d is p la c e d

g.n
(c ) s u r fa c e t e n s io n o fn u id
d ) e r s io n
" "
CU S U (d ) d e p t h o f im m

(e ) t ].e o f p r e s s u re

e
ce n
(e ) tn n ü
f th e iJ u t fo a c ts th gh

t
f t io rce ro u
f de d ig h t p r e ssu re ga u g e 14 0 T h e lin e o a c n o o ya n
13 1 W k in g p r in c ip le
o r o a w e
th e
t e s t e r is b a s e d o n
tr o id f th e lu f n u id v e r t ic a lly a bov e
(a ) c e n o v o m e o
(M ) P a sca l 8 la
'
w
th e bo dy
(b ) D a lto n s
'
la w o f p a r t ia l p r e s s u re
(b ) c e n t r e o f th e v o lu m e o f flo a tin g b o d y
(c ) N c w Lo n s la w o f v is c o s ity
f g r a v ity o f a n y su bm e rge d bo y
d
(c ) c e n t r e o
(d ) A v o ga d ro 8
'
h y p o t h e s is f flu id
id o f t h e d is p la c e d v o lu m e o
ic (d ) c e n t r o
(ľ ) s e c o n d ]a w u r th e r m o d y n a m
(e ) n on e o f th e a bov e
f ll n o rm a lp r e s s u r e s a c ts
13 2 T hc re su lt a n t o a
f pre ssu 14 1 C tr e o fbu y is t h e
o a n cy
(a ) a t o fbo dy (b ) a t ce n tr e o re e n
f flu id
c g f h d is p la c e d v o lu m e o
t a c e n tr c (a ) c e n t r o id o t e
(c ) v r t ic a lly u p w a r ds (t !) a t m e
lu
e l d
t r e o f p r e s s u r e o f d is p a c e
v o m e
n w a rd s
(b ) c e n
(e ) v e r t ic a lly d o w
(c ) c g o f flo a t in g b o y
d
a re d to c g is
ı3 3 C e n tr e o fp re s s u re c o m p
(d ) d o e s n o t ex is t
(a ) a b o v e it (b ) b e lo w it
(e ) n on e o f th e a bov e

(c ) a t s a m e p o in t q u ilib r iu m
s ta b le
A b o d y n o a t s in
e
de pe d in g a rea o f bo dy 14 2
(【l) a b o v r b e lo w n o n
e o
tr ic h e ig h t is zero
(a ) w h e n it s m e a t c e
n

(e ) n f th e a bo v e
bov
o n e o
m e ta n c e n
tr e is a e C g
th (b ) w h e n th e
t r ic h ig h t is t h e d is t a n ce b e tw e e n e
tr e f bu o y a n cy
13 4 M e ta ce n e
it s is b e lo w iť s cen o
(c ) w h e n c g
e ta c e n tr c a n d do ith p o s itio n o f
m
tr e h a t h in g t o
s n o
w
fpre ssu (d ) m e ta cen
(a ) w a te r s u r fa o e (b ) c e n tr e o re
i i s t a b ility
de t m n n g
g Fo r e r
c
f [w ity (d ) c e n t r e o fbu oya n cy
(c ) c e n t r e o v
f th e a bo v e
(e ) n o n e o
(◆) n o n e o f th e a Įb o v e

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

■ ig h in g 3 k g in ir a s io u n ( i w 2
CA L
M EC HA Nı

A Tn
E N G ıN E F
国画医丁

14 3 A p ie c e w e a w w e g . Tı
(c ) 0 (d ) b e lo w
It s e c ific ity is
s u b m e r g e d in w te r s p g ra v
kg w hen a G

A AG
(e ) a bov e
(c ) 7 (d ) 6 /G
(e ) 1 2 d e p th o f c e n t r e o f p r e s s u r e fo r a iı
b je c te d t o liq u id (o f s p e c ific w e ig h t
15 o Th e
iı
nmerseds
ı4 4 A v e r tic a l w a ll is su fa c e in c lin e d a t a i ıg le e w it h t h e liq u id s u r fa c e li*
)p r e e o n o n e s id e If h b e h e ig h t o f liq u id s u r t fo llo w in g d is t a n c e fr o m c g
' '
ul ssm a
fa ce th e n t o t a l p r e s s u r e o n w a ll p e r u n it le n g th is 2 2
,
İc s in e łG s in e

(a ) u t h (b )
2
ıG s in e ıc s in e
2 2 (c ) b e lo w (d ) a bo v e
u , fı A hc
(c ' (d ) u ] ìi A ř
T 3
(e ) 0
2 15 1 Th e to ta l p r e s s u r e fo r c e o n a p la n e a r e a is e u a l ta
(e ) tu hz q
3 th mltip lie d b y t h e in t e n s ity o f p r e s s u r e a i
u

ww
e a re a

14 5 T h e t o t a l p r e s s u r e o n th e w a ll in a b o v e ca se a c ts a t th e een tr io d if ,

fo llo w iııg d is t a n c e fr o m liq u id s u r fa c e (a ) t h e a re a is h o r iz o n t a l (b ) th e a re a is v er tic a l

lin d (d ) a ll o f th e

w
(c ) t h e a re a is in c e a bov e
(a ) (b )
(e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e

(c ) h
.Ea
(d ) h
15 2 A
w a
s q u a r e s u r fa
t e r w ith it s
ce

u pp
3 m

er e
x

dge
3 m

a t
lie
w
s

a te r
in a v er

s u r fa c e
tic a l lin e ii
T h e 뇨歹

syE
d r o s t a t ic fo rce on s qu a re s u r fa c e is
(e ) h (a ) 9 0 0 0 k g ,
(b ) 1 3 5 0 0 k g ,

(c ) 1 8 0 0 0 k g (d ) 2 7 0 0 0 k g ,
14 6 1 1 ıe to t a l p r e h o r iz o n t a lly im d

ngi
ssu re on a m erse su r
(e ) 3 0 0 0 0 k g ,
fa c e (o f s u r fa c e a r e a A ) w ith it s c g A t a d e p th ř
fr o n ıliq u id s u r fa c e in a h q u id o f s p e c ific w e ig h t zu is
153 T h e d e p th o f th e cen tr e o f p r e s s u r e o n a v e r tic a l n
a n g u la r g a t e 8 h ig h w h e n th e

nee
m w id e a n d 6 m
(a ) zu A (b ) w ř
,

w a te r s u r fa c e c o in c id e s w ith th e t o p o f th e g a te is ,

u iA u ]ï
(" (" (a ) 2 4 m (b ) 3 0 n ı
T

14 7
(e ) ıu A f
If th e s u r fa c e in a b o v e c a s e is in c lin e d a t a n l e
(c ) 4 0
(e ) 5 0
m

m
rin (d ) 2 5 n ı

im m e r s e d s u r fa c e w ill b e
p
g e
itlı th e liq u id s u r fa c e th e n t o t a l r e s s u r e o n th
e
15 4 If t h e a tm o s

g.n
t a n k (s p G r 0 8 ) is 0 2 k lc m 2 th e r e s s u r e a t a d e p tūi
o f 50 m
g ,

b e lo w th e o il s u r fa c e w ill b e
p
】
p h e r ic p r e s s u r e o n t h e s u r fa c e o f u ıo i

14 8
(a ) ıo A ř

T in
(c ) ıu A f
(e ) u tA ř
lo c a tio n
e
s in

sec
e
e
o
(b ) u tA ŕ
(d ) A E

f r e s u lt a n t fo r c e a c t in o n a b o d s b
co s

ta n
e
e
(a ) 2
(b ) 3
(c ) 5
(d ) 6
m

m
e

e
tr e
tr e
tr e
tr e
s o

s o

s o
fw
fw
fw
f
e a

a
te
te
te
r co

r co

r co
lu
lu
h ın
m

ın
n

t
g y u m e s o w a te r co lu m n
m e r g e d in w a te r (i e d e p th o f c e n tr e o f r e s s u r e
,
p ) (e ) 7 m e tr e s o fw a te r c o lu ııın
w ill b e
15 5 M ta t r e is th f in t e r s e c t io n f
e ce n e p o in t o o
ıG Ac A (a ) v f b o dy d
a iı
(a ) h . e r t ic a l u p w a r d fo r c e t h r o u g h c g o
+ (b ) h c +
tr e lin e o f b o d y
h
cen

(b ) b u o y a n t fo r c e a n d th e ce n t r e lin e o f b o dy
(c ) ın id p o in t b e tw e e n c g A n d cen tr e o f b u o y a iıq
(d ) a ll o f th e a b o v e
(e ) h C +
į
h c ıG (e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e
here hG d e p th f th e tr o id
156 C ho o s e t h e w r o n g s t a te m e n t
w ,
- o ce n o f th e s u r fa c e
ta
(a ) T h e h o r iz o n t a l c o m p o n e n t f th e h y d r o s
,

A - a re a o
a l fo
fo r c e o n a iıy s u r fa c e is e q u a l t o th e n o m ı
'
G
= M I o f th e e u r fa c e a b o u t a n a x is l in
y g f
o n th e t ic a l p r o je
v e r c t io n o f th e s u r a
c e
in th e s u r fa c e , p a s s in g t h r o u g h it s e
(b ) T h e h o r iz o n t a l c o m p o n e n t a c t th r o u g h s
c e n tr o id , a n d p a r a lle l to t h e fr e e
s u r fa c e
,, n t ' " f p r e s s u r . ' " h " " t i' "
= ł4 f tb e
14 9 The ce n tr e o f p r e s s u r e fo r a v er t ic a lly im ı
ııe r e e d ig h t o
o n a n y s u r fa c e is e qu a l to th e w e
s u r fa c e lie e a t fo llo w in g d ißta n ce fr o m c g
tb e
ı (d ) T h e tı ou gb
(a ) k
t P
G v e r tic a l co m p o n e n p a ss es
b e lo w (b ) a bo v e
tr e f p re ss u re o f th e v o lu m e
ı ho A lla cen o
Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner
 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

F L U ID M E C H A N ı
CS ■
(e ) C e n tr e of pre ssu re a c ts a ţ a gr e a t e r d e p th th a n 16 5 A d e l o f t o r p e d o is t e s te d in a t o w in g t a n k a t a
m o
cen tr e o f g r a v it y v e lo c o f 2 5 m /s e c T h e p r o to ty p e is e x p e c te d t o a t
it y
15 7 F o r a b o d y flo a tin g in a liq u id th e n o m ıa l r e s s u
p re t a in a v e lo c it y o f 5 m /s e c W n a t n ıo d e l s c a le h a s b e e n
e x e r ted b y th e liq u id a c t s a t u sed ?

(a ) b o tto m s u r fa c e o f t h e b o d y
(b ) c g o f th e b o d y (c ) m e t a c e n tr e (c ) 1 : 25 (d ) 1 : Jś
(d ) a ll p o in t s o n th e s u r fa c e o f th e b o d y 3 /2
(e ) 1 : 5
(e ) a ll o f th e a bov e
166 R a tio o f in er tia fo r c e t o e la s tic fo r c e is k n ow n a s
158 Ch o o se th e w r o n g s ta t e m e n t
(a ) M a ch n u m ber (b ) F r o u d e n u m be r
(a ) a n y w e ig h t , ū o a t in g or im m e rse d in liq u id is
a
(c ) R e y n o 1ď s n u m be r (d ) W e b e r 's n u m be r
a c te d u p on by a bu o ya n t fo r c e
(e ) n o n e o f t h e a bov e
(b ) B u o ya n t fo rce is e qu a l to th e w e ig h t o f th e liq u id
d is p la ce d 16 7 For fı
a o a t in g b o d y t o b e in s t a b le e q u ilib r iu ın ,
its
m e t a c e n tr e s h o u ld b e
(e ) T h e p o in t th r o u g h w h ic h b u o y a n t fo r c e a c ts is
(a ) b e lo w th e c e n t r e o f g r a v ity
ca lle d th fb u o y a n cy
e ce n tr e o
(b ) b e lo w th e c e n tr e o fbu o y a n c y

ww
(d ) C e n tr e o f b u o y a n c y is lo c a t e d a b o v e th e c e n tr e o f
(c ) a b o v e th e c e n tr e o fbu o y a n cy
g r a v it y o f th e d is p la c e d liq u id
(d ) b e tw e e n c g A n d ce n tr e o f pressu re
(e ) R e la tiv e d e n s it y o f liq u id s c a n b e d e te r m in e d b y
(e ) a b o v e th e c e n t r e f gr a ity

w
o v
n ıe a n s o f th e d e p th o f flo t a t io n o fhydro m e te r

159 A c c o r d in g t o th e p r in c ip le o f b u o a n c
16 8 F o r a flo a t in g b o d y t o b e in e q u ilib r iu m
y a b o d y t o t a lly

.Ea
y
o r p a r tia lly iııım e r s e d in a flu id w ill b e lifte d u (a ) m e t a c e n t r e s h o u ld b e a b o v e c g
p by a
fo r c e e q u a l t o (b ) c e n tr e o f bu o y a n c y a n d c g M u s t lie o n sa m e

tic a l p la

syE
(a ) th e w e ig h t o f th e b o d y v e r n e

(b ) m o r e th a n th e w e ig h t o f th e b o d y (c ) a r ig h tin g c o u p le s h o u ld b e fo r n ıe d

(c ) le s s th a n th e w e ig h t o f th e b o d y (d ) a ll o f th e a b o v e
(e ) n o n e o f t h e a b o v e

ngi
(d ) w e ig h t o f th e n u id d is p la c e d b y th e b o d y
(e ) w 169 Th tw im p o r ta t fo fo flo tin g b o d y
e ig h t o f b o d y p lu s th e w e ig h t o f t h e flu id e o n rce s r a a a re

d is p la c e d b y th e b o d y (a ) b u o y a n c y g r a v ity ,
(b ) b u o y a n c y p r e s s ıır e
16 0 W n e n a b o d y flo a t in g in a liq u id is d is p la c e d s lig h tly
it o s c illa t e s a b o u t
(a ) c g o f b o d y (b ) c e n t r e o f pr e s su re
nee 170
(c ) b u o y a n c y in e r t ia l
(e ) g r a v it y p r e s s u r e
C h o o s e th e w ro n g s ta te m
(d ) in e r t ia l g r a v it y

e n t
(c ) c e n t r e o f b u o y a n
(e ) liq u id s u r fa c e
c y (d ) m e ţa ce n tr e (a ) T h e cen tr e
g r a v ity o f t h e d is p la c e d liq u id
rin o fbu o y a n cy is lo c a te d a t th e c e n tr e o f

16 1 B u o y a n t fo r ce is
(a ) r e s u lt a n t fo r c e a c tin g o n a flo a tin g b o d y
(b ) e q u a l t o th e v o lu n ıe o f liq u id d is p la c e d
g r a v ity o f b o d y m u s t lie d ir e c t ı
o fbu o y g.n
(b ) F o r s t a b ility o f a s u b m e r g e d b o d y th e c e
y b e lo w t h e
a n cy
n

cen
tr e o

tr e
f

(e ) fo r c e n e c e s s a r y t o k e e p a b o d y in e q u ilib r iu m
(d ) t h e r e s u lt a n t fo r c e o n a b o d y d u e to t h e flu id

(e ) n
su rr o u n

o n e
d in g it
o f th e a b o v e
(c ) If

(d ) F
su

fo r
bm

o r s
c g
ge d b o dy
e r

a ll p o s itio n s

t a b ilit y
A n d

e ce n tr
m

f flo a t in g c y lin d e r s o r
o
e

u s
o f bu
t lie a
oy a n cy
t n e u tr a
c o in c id e

t
l e q u ilib r iu

s ph ere s
th
m

th
e

c g o f b o d y m u e t lie b e lo w th e ce n tr e o f
16 2 R a t io o f in e r tia fo rce to su r fa ce t e n s io n is k n ow n a s
bu o y a n cy
(a ) M a c h n u m b e r (b ) F ro u de n u m ber
(e ) A ll flo a tin g b o d ie s a r e s ta b le
(c ) R e y n o 1ď s n u m b e r (d ) W e be '
r s n u m ber
171 C en tr e o fpre ssu r e on a n in c lin e d p la n e is
(e ) n o n e o f t h e a b o v e (a ) a t th e c e n tr o id (b ) a b o v e th e c e n t r o id
16 3 A s h ip w ll le n g th is 1 0 0 m is t o t r a v e l a t 1 0
h o se h u
(c ) b e lo w t h e c e n t r o id (d ) a t m e ta ce n tr e
m /s e c F o r d y n a m ic s im ila r it y , a t w h a t v e lo c it y
(e ) a t c e n t r e o f p r e s s u r e
s h o u ld a 1 :2 5 m o d e l b e t o w e d t h r o u g h w a t e r ?
172 A n o p en v esse l o fw a te r is a cce le r a t e d u p a n in c lin e d
(a ) 1 0 m /s e c (b ) 2 5 m /s e c
p la n e Th e fr e e w a te r s u r fa c e w ill
(c ) 2 m /s e c (d ) 6 0 m ls e c
(a ) b e h o r iz o n ta l
(e ) 2 5 0 m /s e c
(b ) m a k e a n a n g le in d ir e c t io n o f in c lin a t io n o f
164 A d e l o f a r e s e r v o ir is d r a in e d in 4 m t s b y o p e n in g
n ıo
in c lin e d p la n e
th e 5 lu ic e g a t e T h e m o d e l s c a le is 1 2 2 5 H o w lo n g
(c ) m ke a a n a n g le in o p p o s it e d ir e c tio n to
s h o u ld it t a k e to e m p t y th e p r o t o ty p e ?
in c lin a t io n o f i li
n c n i e d p la n e
(a ) 9 0 0 m in u t e s (b ) 4 m in u t e s
(d ) a n y on e o f a b o v e is p o s s ib le
(c ) 4 × (2 2 5 )0 2 m in u te s (d ) 4 (2 2 5 )U 3 m in u te s
(e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e
(e ) 4 × 42 2 5 m in u te s

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net
L
: į Tjt M E C H A N ıC A L
.
EN G ı
N E EĦ

ph e r ic is th e
th gh (b ) S t a n d a r d a tm o s pre s s u re
173 T h e lin e o f a c tio n o f th e b u o y a n t fo r c e a c ts ro u
e r ic t le v e l nıe #
lo c a l a tm o s ph p re ssu r e a se a
he ce n t ro i d of the is
(c ) L l tm ph ic pre ssu re a lw a
(o ) s u b m e r g e d b o d y
oca a o s e r

e r ic
ys belo
s ta n da rd a tm o s ph p r e s su r e

(b ) v o lu m e o f t h e ū o a t in g b o d y d s t h e d ifï e r e n c e b e tw
bov th bo dy (d ) A b a r o m e te r r e a een lo c a l
(c ) v o lu m e o f th e flu id v e r tic a lly a e e
d s ta n dard a tm o s p h e r ic p r e s s u r e
a n
(d ) d is p la c e d v o lu m e o f th e flu id l
(e ) G a u g e p r e s s u r e is e q u a t o a tm o sp h e r ic p r e
s s 1Jr
(e ) n f th e a bov e e
on e o
p lu s in s tr u m e n t r e a d in g
174 R lt a n t p re ssu re o f th e liq u id in t h e ca se o f a n
e su l
th r o u g h
18 2 G g e p r e s s u r e is e q u a t o
a u
im m e r se d bo dy a c ts

fpre (a ) a b s o lu te p r e s s u r e + a tın o s p h e r ic p r e s s u re
(a ) c e n tr e o f g r a v ity (b ) c e n tr e o ssu re

fbu o y a n cy (b ) a b s o lu te p r e s s u r e a tm o s p h e r ic p r e s s u re
(c ) m e t a c e n tr e (d ) c e n tr e o
(c ) a tm o sp h e r ic p r e s s u re a b s o lu t e p r e s s u re
(e ) in b e tw e e n c g A n d ce n tr e o fpressu re
(d ) a t ın o s p h e r ic p r e s s u re v a cu u m
17 5 T h e c e n tr e o f g r a v ity o f th e v o lu m e o f th e liq u id d is
(e ) a tm o s ph e r ic pre ssu re + v a cu u m
p la c e d b y a n im n ıe r s e d b o d y is c a lle d
fp re ssu 183 The q u a t io n o f co n t in u ity o f flo w is b a d
(a ) c e n tr e o f g r a v ity (b ) c e n tr e o re e se on th e
f bu p r in c ip le o f c o n serv a t io n o f
(c ) m e t a c e n tr e (d ) c e n tr e o o y a n cy

(e ) c e n tr o id (a ) flo w (b ) m a s s
176

ww
D iffe r e n t ia l n ıo n o m

(a ) p r e ó s u r e in p ip e s c h a n n e ls e t c
(b ) a tm o s p h e r ic p r e s s u r e
e t e r is

,
u se d to m e a su re

18 4 F
(c ) m o m e n t u m
(e ) m a s s m o m
o r m e a s u r in
,
e n

g flo w
tu m

by
a n

a
d
(d ) e n e r g y
en er

v e n tu
gy
r im e te r it s h o u ld b e

w
,

(c ) v e r y lo w p r e s s u r e in s t a lle d in

(d ) d ifï e r e n c e o f p r e s s u r e b e tw e e n tw
(e ) v e lo c ity in p ip e s
.Ea o p o in t s
(a ) v e r t ic a l lin e (b ) h o r iz o n t a l lin
(c ) in c lin e d lin e w ith flo w d o w n w a r d
(d ) in c lin e d lin e w ith u p w a r d flo w
e

syE
177 T h e p r e s s u r e in th e a ir s p a c e a b o v e a n o il (s
p Gr
0 8 ) s u r fa c e in a t a n k is 0 1 k g /c m 2 T h e p r e s s u r e a t (e ) in a n y d ir e c t io n a n d in a n y lo c a tio n
2 5 n ı b e lo w th e o il s u r fa c e w iu b e 185 T ta l p r e s s u r e o n a 1 1
o m x m g a t e im m e r se d v e r ti

ngi
(a ) 2 m e tr e s o f w a te r c o lu m n ca lly a ţ a d e p th o f 2 m b e lo w t h e fr e e w a te r s u r fa ce
(b ) 3 m e tr e s o f w a t e r c o h l m n w ill b e
(c ) 3 5 m e tr e s o f w a t e r c o lu (a ) 1 0 0 0 k g (b ) 4 0 0 0 k g

nee
ı
n n

(d ) 4 m o f w a t e r c o lu m n (c ) 2 0 0 0 k g (d ) 8 0 0 0 k g
(e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e (e ) 1 6 0 0 0 k g

rin
178 T h e tim e o s c illa t io n
f a flo a tin g b o d y 186 H ir e
o w ith in cre a se o t w a n em om e te r is u se d to m e a su re
in m e ta cen t r ic h e ig h t w ill b e (a ) p r e s s u r e in g a s e s (b ) liq u id d is c h a r ge
(a ) s a m e

g.n
(b ) M g h e r (c ) p r e s s u r e in liq u id s (d ) g a s v e lo c it ie s
(c ) lo w e r
(e ) t e m p e r a tu re
(d ) lo w e r /h ig h e r d e p e n d in g o n w e i h t o f b d
g 18 7

e
o y R o ta m e t e r is a d e v ic e d to
(e ) u n p r e d ic ta b le u s e m e a su re

179 In an im m erse

(a ) a t th e c e n tr e o f g r a v it
y
(b ) a b o v e th e c e n tr e o f r a v it
g
(c ) b e lo w b e e e n e o f r a v it
y
d bo dy , cen tr e o f pre ssu r e is

18 8
(a ) a b s o lu te p r e s s u
(c ) flo w
(e ) v e lo c ity o f a ir
F lo w o fw a t e r in a
r e

p ip e a
(b ) v e lo c ity o f flu id
(d ) r o t a tio n

bo u t 3 m e tr e
t s in d ia m e te r
g y
(d ) c o u ld b e a b o v e o r b l ca n be m e a su re d by
e ow c g d e p e n d in g
d e n s ity f b o dy
, o n (a ) o r iĥ ce p la t e (b ) v en tu r i
o a n d liq u id
(e ) u n p r e d ic ta b le (c ) r o t a m e te r (d ) p it o t tu b e
18 0 T he n o rm l s tr e s s is
(e ) n o z z le
a sa m e in ll d ir e c tio n
a t
in a flu id
s a a p o in t 18 9 Tru d im
e o n e e n s io n a lO ow o ccu rs w h en

(a ) o n ly 1
taı
w h e n th e flu id is fr ic ti l (a ) th e d ir e c tio n a n d m a g n itu d e o f th e v e lo c ity a
on e ss
(b ) o n ly w h e n th e flu id is in p o in t s a re id e n tic a l
co m p r e s s jb le a n d ha
flu id p a r tic le s , a t a y
s
zero v is c o s ity (b ) th e v e lo c ity o f s u c c e s s iv e
n

(c ) w h e n th e r e p o in t , is t h a t s u c c e s s iv e p e r io d s o
f tim e
is n o tio n f
e sa m e
m o o on e flu id la e r do
r e la tiv e to a n a q ja ce n t la y e r
y (c ) t h e m a g n itu d e a n d d ir e c tio n o f th e v e lo c ity
(d ) ir r e s p e c tiv flu
r e la tiv e to
e

a n
o f th e
d ja c e n t la e r
a
m o tio n o f on e flu id la y e r
n o t ch
(d ) th e n u id p a r t ic le s
a n g e fr o m p o in t t o p o in t in t h
m ov e in p la n e
e

or
İ ra l1e l
iáe n tic a
y l
(e ) in case o fa n id e a l n u id p la d th e s tr e a m lin
n e s a n e patterns a r e
18 1 S e le c t th e c o r r e c t s ta
in
e a c h p la n e
te m e n t t
(e ) v e lo c it y d e p th 罗 p r e s s u r e tc ch a n g e fr o m p o in
(a ) L o ca l a tm osp h e r ic ,
e
p re ssu re de p e n ds t o p o in t in th e flu id flo w
e le v a
u p o n
tio n o f lo c a lity on ly

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

tm A n id e a l n ow o f a n y n u id m u st ea t ia fy (c ) th e
(tı) P
n ıa g n it u d e a n d d ir e c t io n o f th e v e lo c ity do
a sca l la w
n o t ch a n g e fr o m p o in t to p o in t in th e flu id
(b ) N e w to n
'
8 la w o f v is c o s ity
(d ) th e flu id p a r t ic le s m ov e in p la n e or p a r a lle l
(c ) b o u n d a r y la y e r t h e o r
y p la n e s a n d th e s tr e a m lin e p a t t e r ııa a re id e n t ic a l
(d ) c o n tin u it y e q u a t io n in e a c h p la n e
(e ) B e m o u lli 8 th e o r e m '

(e ) v e lo c it y d e p t h p r e s s u , ,
re ,
e tc ch a n g e fr o m p o in t
In th e c a s e o f s t e a d y flo w f n id , th t o p o in t in t h e flu id flo w
o a u e a c c e le r a tio n
o f a n y fı
u id p a r tic le ie T h e flo w
198 w h ic h n e g le c t s c h a n ge s in a tr a n sv eree
(a ) c o n s t a n t (b ) v a r ia b le d ir e c t io n is k n o w n a s

(c ) z e r o (o ) o n e d im e n s io n a l flo w (b ) u n ifo rm flo w

(d ) z e r o u n d e r lim it in g con d itio n s (c ) s te a d y flo w (d ) tu r b u le n t ū ow

(e ) n e v e r z e r o (e ) s tr e a m lin e flo w
T h e d e p t h o f c e n t r e o f p r e s s u r e in 19 9 Th e flo w in w h ic h e a c h h q u id p a r tic le h a s a d e fu ıit e
a r e c ta n g u la r
la m in a o f h e ig h t h w it h o n e s id e in t h li p a th a n d t h e ir p a t h s d o n o t c r o s s e a c h o t h e r is c a lle d
e q u id su r
fa c e is a t (a ) o n e d im e n s io n a l n o w (b ) u n ifo r m flo w
(e ) s t e a d y flo w (d ) tu r b u le n t flo w
(a ) h (b )

旧
3
ww (d )
2
200
(e ) s tr e a m lin e flo w
Th e flo w in
a t a n y p o in t is k n o w n a
w h ic h con d it io n
s
s do n o t ch a n ge w it h t im e

(e )

N o n u n
^

(a ) th e d ir e c t io n
w
ifo r m flo w o ccu r s w

d
.Ea h e n
(a ) o n e d im e n s io n a l flo w
(b ) u n ifo r m flo w
(d ) tu r b u le n t flo w
2 0 ı T h e fı in h ic h t h e v
(c ) s te a d y H
(e ) s tr e a
e lo c it y
m

to r
ow

lin e

is id e
flo w
t ic a l in

syE
v e c n
g i ıit u d e f th lo c ity ow w
a n m a o e v e a t a ll
in t s id e tic a l m a g n itu d e a n d d ir e c tio n a t ev e r y p o in t fo r a i ıy g iv e n
p o a r e n
in s t a n t , is k n ow n a s
(b ) th e v e lo c it y o f s u c c e s s iv e n u id p a r tic le s a t a n y ,
(a ) o n d im e n s io n a l flo w (b ) u n ifo r m n o w
p o n t is t h e s a n ıe a t s u c c e s s iv e p e r io d s o f t im e

ngi
i ,
e

(c ) t h e m a g n it u d e a n d d ir e c t io n o f th e v e lo c ity d o (c ) s t e a d y flo w (d ) t u r b u le n t flo w

n o t c h a i ıg e fr o m p o in t t o p o in t in t h e flu id
(e ) s t r e a m lin e flo w

(d ) t h e flu id p a
p la
r tic le s m o v e in p la n e o r p a r a lle l
d t h e s t r e a n ılin e patterns a r e id e n t ic a l
n e s a n

in e a c h p la n e
nee
202 T h e flo w
v e

a n
lo c it ie
d d ir e c t io n
s
in
th
w

a
h ic h th e p a r tic le s o f a n u id a tt a in s u c h
t v a r r fr o m p o in t t o p o in t in m a g n itu d e
a s w e ll a s fr o m in s t a n t t o in s t a n t , is

(e ) v e lo c ity d e p th p r e s s u r e e t c c h a n g e fr o m p o in t
,

t o p o in t in t h e flu id flo w
, ,
kn ow n a s

(a ) o n e d im e n s io n a l flo w
rin (b ) u n ifo r m flo w

D
is
u r in g t h e o p e n in g o fa v a lv e in a p ip e lin e ,
th e flo w (c ) s t e a d y flo w
(e ) s tr e a m lin e flo w
g.n (d ) t u r b u le n t flo w

U
(a ) s t e a d y
(c ) u n ifo r m
(e ) fr e e
n ifo
v o r

r n ın o w
te x t y p
o c cu r s w
e

h en
(b ) u n s t e a d y
(d ) la m in a r
203 W
m

(a ) U
n ic h
in in g flo w

-
o

n
f th e fo llo w in g is C h e z y

.
in o p e n c h a n n e l ?

2 /3 il /2
e (b ) U -
s

C
fo r n ıu

t
la fo r d e t e r

(a ) t h e flo w is s t e a d y (c ) U -
m
(b ) th e flo w is s t r e a m lin e 1 81 十 厂
t io n in tic u la
(c ) s iz e a ııd s h a p e o f t h e cr o ss se c a pa r r 4 m

le n g t h r e ın a in co n s ta n t 0 0 0 15 5 1
23 十 十
t io ch a n ifo r m ly a lo n g
( s iz e a n d
d ) cr o 8 s se c n ge u n

le n g th
(e ) flo w o ccu rs a t co n s ta n t r a te

G r a du a lly v a r ie d flo w is (e ) n on e o f th e a bov e

ifo he v e lo c it y o f fı
ow
(n ) s t e a d y u n rm w re ,
u - m e a n ,

dy ifo i s lo p e f ch a n n e l
(b ) n on s te a n o n u n rm - o ,

dy ifo h y d r a u lic m e a n d e p th
(c ) n on s te a u n m ı m = ,

ifo C d K a re con s ta n ts
(d ) s t e a d y n o n u n rm ,
n ,
a n

l d to flo w f flu id s in
e n s io p a e a su re o
(e ) t r u e o n e d im 204 V e n tu r im e te r is u se m

S te a d y O ow o ccu rs w hen p ip e s w h e n p ip e is
ııd itu d e f th e v e ı ity a t a ll (a ) h o r iz o n t a l
(a ) t h e d ir e c t io n a m a gn o o c
ds
p o iııt e a r e id e n t ic a l (b ) v e r tic a l flo w d io w ,
n w a r

ds
(b ) t h e v e lo c ity o f s u c c e s s iv e u id p a r t c e s , a t a
i l n n y (c ) v e r tic a l fı o w u pw a r
,

e a t s u c c e s s v e p e r o d e o f tim
i i
p o in t , i8 th e s a ın
e

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

M EC HA Nı
CA L ENG ı
N EER IN Q

h m e a n v e lo c ity o f flo w
w e re ,
u - ,

(d ) iııc lin e d p o śiti( i= s lo p e o f ch a n n e l,

(e ) in a n y p o s itio n m = hydra u lic m e a n d e p th
la fo r
,

M in g fo r m u
w h ic h o f th e fo llo w in g is th e a n n B
C n a n dK a re co n s ta n ts
H w i h a n n e l? , ,

d e te m ıin in g o n o p e n c
f th e fo llo w in g is K fo r m
'

209 W n ic h o u tt e r s u la ?
1
(a ) u
2 /3 i
0 2 (b ) u - c Jm i 1
-

n
.
(a ) U - .
2 /3 iu z (b ) U = C
n

(c ) U m
J
-

1 81+ (c ) u =

0 0 0 15 5 1
23 4 十
0 0 0 15 5 1
i n
23 十
Ł
Dì u 十

I* )
=

1 23 (d ) U
ı 孔
不万
I )
-
.

1 . 23 *
(e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e

w here ,
u - m e a n v e lo c it y o f flo w , (e ) n on e o f th e a bov e

i s lo f ch l, here lo c ity f flo

ww
=
pe o an n e w u = m e a n v e o w ,
,

m = h ydr a u lic m ea n d e p th ,
i= s lo p e o f ch a n n e l,
C ,
n ,
an dK a re con s ta n ts m - h y dr a u lic m e a n d e p th ,

(a ) s a m e
(c ) le s s
w
T h e le n g th o f d iv e r g e n t p o r tio n o f v e n tu
c o m p a r is io n t o c o n v e r g e n t p o r t io n is

(b ) m o r e
.Ea
r im e te r in
2 10 F lo w
o p en e

(a ) s te a d y
C

d is
,

o c c u r r in
n ,
an d K
g in
a re co n

a p ip e
s ta

lin

(b ) u
n

e
ts
w h e n

te
a v a

dy
lv e is b e in g

syE
n s a
(d ) m o r e o r le s s d e p e n d in g o n c a p a c it y
(c ) la m in a r (d ) v o r te x
(e ) n o c o r r e la tio ri
(e ) r o t a t io n a l
W ħic h f t h e fo llo w in g is t h e D

ngi
o a r cy or W is b a c h
e 2 11 G en e ra len e r gy e qu a t io n h o ld s fo r
e qu a tio n ?
(a ) s t e a d y flo w (b ) t u r b u le n t flo w
1
(a ) u 2 13
iī ta M (c ) la m in a r flo w

nee (d ) n o n u n ifo r m O o w
= m (b ) u = C
n ,
(e ) a ll o f th e a b o v e
15 7 6
\c j u =
ì mf i 2 12 A s tr e a m lin e is d e fin e d a s th e lin

rin
e
(a ) p a r a 1e l t o
ı c e n tr a l a x is flo w
(b ) p a r a lle l t o o u te r s u r fa ce o f p ip

g.n
0 0 0 15 5 e
1
23 十 十 (c ) o f e q u a l v e lo c ity in a flo w
(d ) U '
=
m (d ) a lo n g w h ic h th e r e s s u r e d
I p r o p is u n ifo r m

e
1 . 23 * (e ) w h ic h o c c u r s in a ll flo w
s

w
(e ) n
here
o n e o

,
u

i.
-
f th e
m

s lo
ean

pe
a bo v
v e

o f ch a
e

lo c ity
n n e
o f flo w
l
,
2 13 T w o

(a ) th e d ir e c tio n

(b ) th e
P o
d im

in t s
v e
e n s io n a

a re

lo c ity
l flo w
a n

id e n t ic a l
f
d m
o c cu r s w

a g n it u d e
hen
o f th e tv e lo c ity a t a ll

m = hydra u lic m ea n d e p th , o s u c c e s s iv e flu id p a r t ic le s , a t a n y

C P o in t , is t h
dK e sa m t s u c c e s s iv e
,
n , a n a re co n s ta n ts
e a
p e r io d s o f t im e
W ħic h (c ) th e m a g n it u d e d d ir e c t io n
o f th e fo llo w in is B o f t h e v e lo c ity d o
a n
a z in s
'
g fo r m u la ? t ha
n o c n g e fr o m
i t t
p n o p o n t in t h e H u id
i o
(a ) u 2/a
iu 2 (d ) th e flu id p a r tic le s m o
= m v e in p la n e o r p a r a lle l
P la n e s a n d t h e s tr e
a m ıin e p a tt e r n s a r e id e n t ic a l
(b ) U in
= c m e a c h p la n e
(e ) v e lo c ity d e t h
p pressu , , r e ,
e tc c ha n g e fr o m p o in t
(c ) u to p in t in t h flu id flo
=
J o e w
2 14 In ca se o f r e c ta
g u la r la m in a w ith s id e in liq u id s u r
n
fa ce ha v in g d e p t h fı t h e d e t h f
, p o c e n tr e o f p r e s s u r e
w ill b e
0 0 0 15 5 1
23 + + (a )
(d ) u = " 3
1 .
($ q +
C 0 0 15 5
1 ・
(c )
4

f th e bo v e 31
n on e o a (e ) _
8

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

2 16 A p ie c e o f m e t a ıo f s ľp e c ific w a v it y 7 H o a t s in n ıe r 226 V e lo c it y d is t r ib u tio n in th e tu r b u le n t b o m d a r y la y e r

c u r y o f s p e c ific g r a v it y 1 3 6 W n a t fr a c t io n o f it s v o l fo llo w in g la w
u ın e is u n d e r m e r c u r y (a ) lin e a r (b ) s q u a r e
(a ) 0 5 (b ) 0 4 (c ) p a r a b o la (d ) lo g a r ith n ıic
(c ) 0 5 1 5 (d ) 0 5 (e ) c u b ic
(e ) n o n e o f t h e a bov e
226 U n ifo r m flo w o ccu rs w h e n

2 16 A p ie c e o f w o o d h a v in g w e ig h t 5 k g flo a t s in w a t e r (a ) t h e d ir e c t io n a n d m a g n it u d e o f th e v e lo c it y a t a ll
w itlı 6 0 % o f it s v o lu n ıe u d e r th e h q u id T h e s p e c ific
n
p in t s a r e id e n t ic a l
o

grańty o f w o o d is
( ) th e v e lo c ity o f s u c c e s s iv e flu id p a r tic le s , a t a i ıy
b
(a ) 0 8 3 (b ) 0 6 i d
p o in t , is th e s a m e a t s u c c e s s iv e p e r o s o
f t in ıe
(c ) 0 4 (d ) 0 3 i d
(c ) t h e n ıa g n u e a n
t d d ir e c t io n o f t h e v e lo c it y d o

(e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e n o t ch g e fr o m p o in t t o p o in t in t h e flu id
a n

2 17 T hree v e sse ls o f in v e rt e d p y r a m id , s e n ıi s p h e r ic a 1 (d ) t h e flu id p a r tic le s m o v e in p la n e o r p a r a lle l

,

e s a n d th e s t r e a m lin e patterns a r e id e n t c a l
V tr o u g h s h a p e h i
s a v in g s a m e v o lu m e a n d s a m e p la n
h e ig h t a r e t o b e e m p t ie d b y a n e q u a l a r e a o p e n in g in e a c h p la n e
T im e s fo r em p ty in g in o r der w ill b e (e ) v e lo c it y , d e p th , p r e s s u r e e tc ch a n g e fr o m p o in t

(a ) s e m i s p h e r e in v e r t e d p Jir a m id , V t r o u g h
,
t o p o in t in t h e n u id flo w

ww
(b ) in v e r te d p y r a m id s e m i s p h e r e V tr o u g h 22 7 Ħ t o t t u b e is u s e d fo r m e a su re m e n t o f
, ,

(c ) in v e r t e d p y r a n ıid V tr o u g h s e m i s p h e r e , ,
(a ) p r e s s u re (b ) flo w
(d ) s e m i s p h e r e V tr o u g h in v e r te d p } r a m id (c ) v e lo c ity (d ) d is c h a r g e

w
, ,

(e ) V t r o u g h s e m i s p h e r e , in
,
v er te d p y r a m id (e ) v is c o s ity

.Ea
2 18 T he v e lo c it y o f je t o fw a te r tr a v e llin g o u t o fope n in g 228 H ydrom e te r is u se d t o d e t e r m in e

in a ta n k fille d w it h w a t e r is p r o p o r t io n a l to (a ) s p e c ifi c g r a v ity o f liq u id s

(a ) h e a d o fw a te r (fı) (b ) 1 2 (b ) s p e c ific g r a v it y o f so lid s

(C
旧 h a陀
ì
syE
(d t w
(c ) s p e c ific g r a v
(d ) r e la tiv e h u m id ity
(e ) d e n s it y
it y o f ga se s

2 19 In
v e
a
lo c it y
fr e e

ev e r
v o r

y
te x
w h
m

e r e
o t io
is
n ,
th e

(b ) m in im
r a d ia l co m p o n e n t o

ngi
f
229 T h e t o t a l e n e r g y o f e a c h p a r tic le a t v a r io u s p la c e s in
th e c a s e o f p e r fe c t in c o m p r e s s ib le flu id n o w in g in

nee
(a ) m a x in ıu m u m
c o n t in u o u s s r e a m
(c ) z e r o (d ) n o n z ero a n d fin it e
(a ) k e e p s o n in c r e a s in g (b ) k e e p s o n d e c r e a s in g
(e ) u n p r e d ic t a b le (d ) m /d e c r e
(e ) r e m a in s c o n s t a n t a y in cr e a se a se
220
w
In a

it h in t h
fo rce d
e
v o r

flu id is
te x ,
th e v e lo c it y o f flo w ev e ry w here

230 A
(e ) u n p r e d ic t a b le
d in g t o B rin e rn o u lli' s e qu a t io n fo r s te a d y id e a l

g.n
ccor
(a ) m a x im u m (b ) m in im u m
flu id flo w
(c ) z e r o (d ) n o n z e r o fin it e
(a ) p r in c ip le o f c o n s e r v a t io n o f m a s s h o ld s

e
(e ) u n p r e d ic t a b le (b ) v e lo c it y a n d p r e s s u r e a r e in v e r s e ly p r o p o r tio n a l

t
b e tw th t io tr e lin d
g io
Th n s a m e a n
221 e re n e en e se p a r a
(c ) to t a l e n e r g y is c o n s t a n t th r o u g h o u t
th e b o tın da ry s u r fa c e o f th e so lid b o d y i8 k n o w n a s
(d ) t h e e n e r g y is c o n s t a n t a lo n g a s tr e a m lin e b u t
(a ) w a k e (b ) d r a g m a v a ry a c ro s s s tr e a m lin e s
y
(c ) lift (d ) b o ru ıd a r y la y e r (e ) n on e o f th e a bov e

(e ) a e ro fo il se c t io n
it y h o ld s g o o d w h e n th flo w
231 The e qu a t io n o f c o n t in u e

222 F h y p e r s o n ic flo w th e M a ch n u m b e r is
o r (a ) is s t e a d y (b ) is o n e d im e n s io n a l
(a ) u n it y (b ) g r e a te r th a n u n ity
ll th e t io
(c ) v e lo c ity is u n ifo rm a t a cr o s s s e c n s

(c ) g r e a t e r t h a n 2 (d ) g r e a te r th a n 4
bov (e ) n f th bov
(d ) a ll o f t h e a e o n e o e a e

(e ) g r e a te r th a n 1 0 232 M a ch n u n ıb e r is s ig n ific a n t in
223 T lıe e r s u r fa c e o f w e ir o v e r w h ic h w a t e r flo w s
a i ıd
a
u pp (a ) s u p e rso n ic s , a s w ith p r o je c t ile s je t
is 】
u ıo w n i8 ls io n
propu
(a ) c r e s t (b ) n appe e n c lo s e d flo w
(b ) fu ll im m e r s io n or co m p le t e ly ,
a s

(c ) s iu (d ) w e ir t o p
w ith p ip e s , a ir c r a ft w in g s , n o z z le s e tc
(e ) c o n tr a c t a (c ) s im u lt a n e o u s m o tio n th r o u g
h t w o flu id s w h e r e
224 N o m l d e p t h in o p e n
ıa ch a n n e l flo w is t h e d e p th o f th e r e is a s u r fa c e o f d is c o rıt in u it y , g r a v ity fo r c e ,
flo w c o r r e s p o n d in g t o a n d w a v e m a k in g e f c t s , a s w
it h s h ip ' s h u lls

(a ) s te a d y n o w (b ) rın s t e a d y n o w (d ) a ll o f th e a b o v e
(c ) la m in a r flo w (d ) u n ifo r m flo w (e ) n o n e o f t h e a b o v e

(e ) c r itic a l flo w

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

B\
'
.

lin e o f a p ıp e
241 A t th e c e n t r e
a d ie n t i
v e lo c ity g r
w h e r e th e

ith p r o je c tile an d je t p r o p u ls io n w ill b e

(a ) s u p e r s o n ic s a
s w
d flo w a s (b ) m a x im u m
e n c lo s e
,

i or co m p e
l t e ly ,
(a ) m in im u m
(b ) fu ll im m e r s o n (d ) n e g a tiv e v a lu e
f in g s n o z z le s e t c (c ) z e r o
with p ip e s , a ir c r a t w h e
,

h tw o flu id s w e r lu
o tio n th r o u g (e ) c o u ld b e v a e
a n y
(c ) s im u lt a n e o u s m v ity fo r ce s ,
f d is c o n t in u it y , g r a in P ls t d e p th o f 1 m b e lo w
a
th e r e is a s u r fa c e o a sca a
l l 242 Th e pre ssu re the
h hi s h u s
'

k in g e fï e c t , a s w it s p f a bo dy o fw a t e r w ill b e e q u a l to
a n d w av e m a fr e e s u r fa c e o

(d ) a ll o f th e a b o v e (b ) 9 8 1 P a
(a ) 1 P a

(e ) f th e a b ov e (d ) 9 8 1 0 P a
n on e o
t io n h a v e
(c ) 9 8 1 P a
lli s '
u a
g y in B q
ern o u e
A ll th e t e r m s o fen
(e ) 9 8 1 0 0 P
er
234 ,
a

d im e n s io n o f s s io n fo r re la tio n b e tw e e n th e g a u g e p re g
243 The ex pre
(b ) w o r k
( o )en er gy d
s u r e p in s i e a
liq u id d r o p le t (i e , d iffe r e n c e o f p r e s
(d ) le n g th
(c ) m a ss
s u r e b e tw e e n
th e in s id e a n d o u t s id e o f a liq u id d r o p )
i r i
f d ia m e t e r d a n d th e s u r fa c e e n s o n c s
(e ) tim e t
o

235 R eyn o ld s n u m b e r is sig n ific a n t in (b ) c r n pd

p d

ww
=
(a ) -

(a ) s u p e r s o n ic s a s w ith p r o je c t ile a n d je t p r o p u ls io n
d Ĥ pd (d ) c i 4p d
e r s io n p le t e ly e n c lo s e o w a s
(c ) c i -
=
(b ) fu ll im m or com ,

w ith p ip e s a ir c r a ħ w
in g s , n o z z le s e t c

w
(e ) s im u lta n e o u s m o tio n th r o u g h tw o flu id s w e r e

a i ıd w a v e m a k in g e f【

(d ) a ll o f th e
e cţ a s w

bov
i
i
th e r e is a s u r fa c e o f d is c o n t in u y , g r a
t
h
t s h ip
v
'
s
it
h
.Ea
y
u
f
l
o

l
r

s
h

(e ) n
ce s ,

f th bov
2 44
Le ) ci

T
f
w

ll
o

th e o o w n g q i
=

p ip e s y s t e m s e a n
u a n ţ it e
be sa
s a r e
id t o b e
sa m e
e q u iv a le n t , w h en

syE
a e on e o e a e

236 u id fo r c e
T h e fı s con s id e r e d in th e N a v ie r S t o k e s e qu a (a ) f i c t i o n lo s s a n d flo w
t io n a re (b ) le n g th a n d d ia m e t e r

ngi
(a ) g r a v ity p r e s s u r e a n d v is c o u s
,
(c ) Ĥ o w a n d le n g th
(b ) g r a v ity p r e s s u r e a n d t u r b u le n t
,
(d ) fr ic t io n fa c t o r a n d d ia m e te r

(c ) p r e s s u r e v is c o u s a n d tu r b u le n t (e ) v e lo c ity a n d d ia m e t e r

nee
,

(d ) g r a v ity v is c o u s a n d tu r b u le n t 245 F or p ip e s ,
tu rb u le n t flo w o ccu rs w h e n R e yn o ld s n u m

(e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e b e r is

rin
237 A la r g e R e yn o ld n u m b e r is in d ic a t io n o f (a ) le s s th a n 2 0 0 0
(a ) s m o o th a n d s tr e a m lin e ū ow (b ) b e t w e e n 2 0 0 0 a n d 4 0 0 0
(b ) la m in a r flo w (c ) s t e a d y flo w

g.n
(c ) m o r e th a n 4 0 0 0 (d ) le s s th a n 4000
(d ) tu r b u le n t flo w (e ) h ig h ly tu r b u le n t n o w (e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e
2 38 T h e fĦc tio n h e a d lo s t d u e t o t h e flo w o f a v is c o u s 246 B lli f
t io d e a ls it h t h la

e
e rn o u e qu a n w e w o c o n s e rv a
flu id th r o u g h a c ir c u la r p ip e o f le n th L a n d d ia t io n f

t
g o
m e t e r d w ith a v e lo c it u a n d
y , p ip e fr ic t io n fa c t o r í (a ) m a ss (b ) m o m e n tu m

(c ) e n e r g y (d ) w o rk

(e ) fo r c e
d 2g 2g 247 A hydra u lic p r e s s h a s a r a m o f 1 5 c m d ia m e te r a n d
4
p lu n g e r o f 1 5 cm I t is r e q u ir e d t o lift a w e ig h t o f
(c ) (d ) L 1 to n n e T h e fo r c e r e q u ir e d o n p lu n g e r is e q u a l to
2g d 2g (a ) 1 0 k g
N (b ) 1 0 0 k g
(e ) n on e o f th e bov
a e (c ) 1 0 0 0 k g (d ) 1 k g
239 F o r p ip e s la n ıin a r flo w
, occu r s w h e n R e yn o ld s n u m (e ) 1 0 , 0 0 0 k g
b e r is
248 C a v it a t io n is ca u se d by
(a ) le s s th a n 2 0 0 0
(a ) h ig h v e lo c it y (b ) h ig h p r e s s u re
(b ) b e tw e e n 2 0 0 0 a n d 4 0 0
0
(c ) w e a k m a t e r ia l (d ) lo w p r e s su re
(c ) n ıo r e th a n 4 0 0 0
(d ) le s s th a n 4 0 0 0 (e ) lo w v is c o s it y
(e ) n o n e o f t h e a b o v e 249 C a v it a t io n w ill b e g in w h en

(a ) th e b s o lu te

￡
2 40 p r e s su re a t a n y lo ca t io n re a ch e s a n a

Ţ
(a ) fn c tio n a l fo r c e
X X ￡= E Ï pre ssu re e qu
o f t h e liq u id

(b ) p r e s s u r e b e c o m e s
a l t o th

m
e

o r e
s a tu

th
r a

a n
te d

cr
v a p

it ic a l p r e
o u r p re ssu re

ssu re
(b ) v is c o s ity
(c ) flo w is in c r e a s e d
(c ) s u r fa c e fn c tio n (d ) a ll o f th e a bov e (d ) p r e s s u r e is in c r e a s e d
(e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e
(e ) n o n e o f t h e a b o v e

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

P r in c ip le o f s im ilit u d e fo r m e th e b a s is o f 269 T h e c o m p o n e n t o f t h e fo r c e o f t h e flu id o n th e b o d y

(a ) c o m p a r in g t w o id e n t ic a l e q u i m e n t s
p (w h ic h is ße n e r a lly in c lin e d t o t h e d ir e c t io n o f
(b ) d e s ig n in g m o d e ls so th a t th e r e su lt can be m o t io n o f t h e b o d y ) p a r a lle l t o t h e d ir e c t io n o f

co n v er t e d to p t o ty p e sr o m o t io n i8 c a lle d

(c ) c o m p a r in g s in ıila r ity b e t w e en d e s ig n a n d a c tu a l (a ) d r a g (b ) lift

q u ip m e n t
e (c ) w a ke (d ) p r o p e llin g fo r c e
( ) y d r a u lic d e s ig n s
d h (e ) t h r u s t
(e ) p e r fo r m in g a c c e p t a n ce te s ts 260 The r a te o f ch a n ge o f m o n ıe n t o f n ıo n ıe n tu m re p re

F o r s imila r ity , in a d d it io n t o m o d e ls b e in ts th
g g e o m e tr i sen e

c a lly s im ila r t o p r o t o t y p e , t h e fo llo w in (a ) fo r c e te d b y flu id

g in b o th c a s e s e x e r

s h o u ld a ls o b e e q u a l (b ) t o r q u e a p p lie d b y t h e flu id
(a ) r a tio o f in e r tia l fo r c e t o fo r c e d u e t o v is c o s it y (c ) w or k don e b y th e n u id
(b ) r a tio o f in e r tia l fo rce t o fo r c e d u e to g r a v it a tio n (d ) p o w e r de v e lo p e d b y t h e û u id
(c ) r a t io o f in e r t ia l fo rce to fo r ce du e to s u r fa c e (e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e
te n s io n t io f in t e r t ia l fo to
261 R e y n o ld s n u m b e r is t h e r a o r ce

(d ) a ll th e fo u t io f in t ia l fo

ww
r r a s o e r rce t o fo r c e d u e to (a ) g r a v it a t io n a l fo r ce (b ) s u r fa ce te n s io n
v is c o s it y gr a v it a t io n s u r fa c e te n s io n d
,
,
a n
(c ) e la s tic ity (d ) v is c o s it y
e la s t ic ity
(e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e
(e ) n f th b

w
o n e o e a ov e
262 Th e e n e rgy lo s s in flo w th ro u gh n o z z le a s co m p a re d
I f V is t h e lo c it y o f ū o w , t h e n a c c o r d in g t o
m e a n v e
r im is

.Ea
to v e n tu e te r
D a r c y W e is b a c h e q u a t io n fo r p ip e flo w e n e r g y lo s s
,
(a ) s a m e (b ) m o re
o v e r a le n g th o f p ip e lin e is p r o p o r tio n a l t o
(e ) le s s
(a ) V

(c ) 7 2
syE
("

(d )
1

2 63
(d ) m
(e ) u
W e ber
n
o re /le

n u m
depes s

p r e d ic t a b le
be r is t h
n d in g

e r a
o n

t io o
fı
ow

f in t e r t ia l fo r c e t o

(e ) ngi (a ) g r a v it a t io n a l fo r c e
(c ) e la s t ic it y
(b ) s u r fa
(d ) v is c o s ity
c e te n s io n

nee
(e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e
F ro u de n u n ıb e r is t h e r a t io o f in e r t ia l fo rce to
264 P r e s su r e co e ffic ie n t is t h Ĺ r a t io o f pressu r e fo r ce to
(a ) g r a v it a tio n fo r c e (b ) s u r fa c e t e n s io n
(a ) in e r tia fo r ce (b ) g r a v ity fo r c e
(c ) e la s t ic ity (d ) v is c o s ity
(e ) n o n e o f t h e a b o v e
Th d im e n s io n a l fa c t o r governing v is c o u ffic
(c ) v is c o u s fo
(e ) e la s t ic ity
rce

rin (d ) s u r fa ce te n s io n

g.n
e n o n s or
265 T h e p re s su r e co e fn c ie n t m a y ta k e th e fo r m
t io n a l r e s is t a n ce is
(a ) A P lc ip v (b ) A P /(«w 2
/2 )
(a ) R e y n o ld s n u m b e r (b ) W e ber n u m be r
(d ) M

e
h ber 2
(c ) F r o u d e n u m b e r a c n u m

t
(c ) A P F (d )
(e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e ◆ 26 P
266 E u le r '
s d in ıe n s io n le s s n u m ber r e la t e s (e ) n on e o f th e a bov e

(a ) p r e s s u r e fo r c e a n d in e r tia fo r c e 266 Sepa r a t io n o fn o w o ccu r s w h e n pre ssu r e gr a d ie n t

(b ) p r e s s u r e fo r c e a n d v is c o u s fo r c e (a ) t e n d s t o a p p r o a ch z e ro

(e ) in e r tia fo r c e a n d g r a v ity fo r c e (b ) b e c o m e s n e g a t iv e

(d ) b u o y a n c y fo r c e a n d v is c o u s fo r c e (c ) c h a n g e s a b r u p t ly
(e ) in e r tia fo r c e a n d v is c o u s fo r c e (d ) r e d u c e s t o a v a lu e w h e n v a p o u r fo r m a t io n s ta r ts
266 The ra te o fch a n ge o f lin e a r m o m e n tu m e qu a ls (e ) d o e s n o t fo llo w c o n t in u it y e q u a t io n
(a ) a c tiv e fo r c e (b ) r e a c t iv e fo r c e 267 In la m in a r flo w fr ic t io n re s is t a n ce is d e p e n den t o n
(c ) t o r q u e (d ) w o rk don e
(a ) a r e a o fsu r fa c e in con ta c t
(e ) p o w e r (b ) (a r e a o fsu r fa c e in co n ta c t )2
267 M a c h n u m b e r is th e r a tio o f in er tia l fo rce to
(c ) o f s u r fa c e in con ta c t
(a ) g r a v it a t io n fo r c e (b ) s u r fa ce te n s io n

(d ) v is c o s ity (d ) (a r e a o fs c e in con t a c t )3 /2
(c ) e la s tic ity
(e ) n bov (e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e
o n e o f th e a e

268 th ity im p h th t th
268 D a rc y W e is a ba ch e qu a t io n fo r lo ss o fh e a d in p ip e is
M a ch n u n ıb e r gr e a te r a n u n e s a e

flo w is 2
į v į
(a ) ï (b ) f
(a ) s o n ic (b ) s u b s o n ic 4m 2g m 2g
(c ) s u p e r s o n ic (d ) h y p e r s o n ic 2 2
4T v
(e ) a s s o c ia t e d w it h sh o c ks (. ) f v (d ) f
L 28
m 2g

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

■ ıE c H A N ıCA L E NG
ıNĘ
급
>
įįįį
Īł .
d e p \e n d in g o
oreA e ss
n flo w
(d ) m
(e ) u n p r e d ic t a b le
(. ) f g \ in
".
278 F o r fictionless flu id
i
th e ,
co n tr a c tio n eoe M c ie n t fo
t
B o r d a s m o u th p ie c e s
'
fn c tio n fa c to r , L le n
= r . .

w here , f =
,

a r e a /w e t te d p e r im e te r (d ) 0 9 7
m =
P
=
(c ) 0
h y dr a u lic ra d iu s (e ) 0 8
m =

le s s p a r a t h p ie
'
t be u se d u n der v e ry la r g e h
t d im e n s io n 279 A m ce ca n
th e fo llo w in g is a o u e ad
2 69 v lh ic h of n o
be ca u se o f
m e te r ?
fa c t o r t io n fv te a t v e n a co n tr a c t a
(a ) R e y n o ld s n u m b e r (b ) fn c tio n (a ) c r e a o o r x

tr a c ta
(c ) p r e s s u r e c o e ffic ie n t (d ) k in e m a t ic v is c o s ity (b ) c a v it a t io n p r o b le m a t v e n a co n

(e ) a ll o f th e a b o v e (c ) la r g e v a r ia tio n o f d is c h a r g e
270 W n en a bou d a r y la y e r le a v e s a s u r fa c e
n a n d cu rv e s (d ) e r r a tic flo w
u p in t o a v o r te x o r w h ir lo o p it is k n o w n ,
a s (e ) c o n tr a c t io n b e c o m e s t o o h ig h
(o ) d r a g (b ) w a ke 280 A flu id je t d is c h a r g in g fr o m a 1 0 0 m m d ia m e te r o ń

(c ) c a v it a tio n (d ) s e p a r a tio n fic e h a s a d ia n ıe t e r 8 0 m m a t it s v e n a con tr a c ta T h e

271
(e ) b o u
A d im
ww n d a r y la y e r
e n s io n le ss co m
se p
b in
a ra

a
tio
tio n
n

o fA P , p 1,
, Q is
c o e f fic ie n t o f c o n t r a c t io n is

(a ) 0 8 (b ) 1 2 5
(d ) 0 6 4

w
(c ) 0 2
(e ) 0 3 6

(c )
A P lq
.Ea
(d )
A PI
pQ
Z
28 1 In o r

t a k in g p la
de r th
ce
a t
th
n o

r o u
s h
gh
o ck

a
w a v e

c o n v e r
dev
g in
e lo p s w h e n flo w is

g d iv e r g in g tu b e ,

syE
P
M a c h n u m ber a t e x it s h o u ld b e
(e ) n on e o f th e a bov e

272 0 r ific e is a n o p e n in g
(c ) > 1 (d ) n o t cr it ic a l

ngi
(a ) w ith c lo s e d peń m e te r a n d o f re g u la r fo r m
th r o u g h w h ic h w
(e ) t h er e is n o su c h cr it e r io n
a t e r flo w s

(b ) w ith p r o lo n g e d 282 W e ir in a n o pe n in g
id e s h a v in g le n g th o f 2 t o 3
s
d ia m e t e r s o f o p e n in g in th ic k w a ll
(c ) w a th p a r t ia lly fu ll flo w
(d ) in h y d r a u lic s tr u c t u r e w ith r e u la tio n r v i i
nee (a ) w it h
tł
rr o u

(b ) w it h p r o lo n g e d
c lo s e

gh w
d
h ic h
p e r

w a
im

s id e s h a v in g le n g th
te
e

r
te
flo w
r a n

s
d o f r e g u la r fo r m

rin
g p o s on o f 2 to 3
(e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e d ia r ae te r s o f o p e n in g in t h ic k w a ll
273 The (c ) w ith p a r t ia lly fu ll flo w

g.n
a v er a ge v a lu e o f co e ffic ie n t o f v e lo c it y is f th e
o
or der o f (d ) in h y d r a u lic s tr u c tu r e w it h la tio n p r o v is io n
re g u
(a ) 0 5 6 (b ) 0 6 8 (e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e

2 74
(c ) 0 7 8
(e ) 0 9 7
T lıe
tio n C
coe

d,
ffic ie n t s o f d is c h a r e
C . A n d C a r e r e la t e d
.
g ,
(d ) 0 8 9

v e

a s
lo c ity a iıd c o n tr a e
283 Th
se

a s
p
e r e

a r a

(a ) w a k e
g io n d o w n s t r e a m fr o
t io n t a k e s
p la c e fr o m e m

(b ) lift
th
th
e
e

bo
s tr e
u n

t
a m lin e w h e r e

d a r y is 】
m ow n

(b ) C - C C
(c ) d r a g (d ) c a v it a tio n
d
ţ )C
.
c - C C (d ) C
c
(e ) b o u d a r y la y e r s e a r
(e ) C
d . ..
d
- C /C n
p a t io n
d
- C x
.
2 84 Ch o o se th e w r o n
.
g s t a te m e n t a bo u t flo w n e ts
2 75 The a c tu a l v e lo c ity a t v e n a
con tr a c ta fo r Ĥ (a ) flo w n e ts dr a t o in d ic a t e flo in
ow th r o u gh
a re w n w p a tt e rn s
an o r ifıc e fr o m a r e s e r v io r
o f h e ig h t H .
ca se o f o n e d im e n s io n a l flo w
(b ) flo w t c o n s is t s o f
n e lin
a s y s te m o f s tr e a m e s so
s p a ce d t h a t th e r a t e o f flo w is t h e sa m e b e tw een
e a c h s u c c e s s iv e
p a ir o f lin e s
(c ) flo w t c o n s is ts f f lin es
n e o a n o th e r s y s te m o
2 76 The ra tio o f a c tu l d iB c h a r
a
g e to th e o r e tic a l d i h n o rm a l t o th e s tr e a m lin e s a n d h
c e d th a t t e
th r
so s p a
gh
sc a rg e
o u a n or ifıc e is d is t a h
n ce b e tw e e n th e n o rm a l lin e s e q u a ls t e

= ? Sb ?c j c
(d ) C C
.
d is t a
(d ) a n in fin it e
n c e b e tw
n u m
e e n

be
a d ja
f s tr e a ın lin e
r o
ce n t s tr e a m

s
lin
a re
e s

re q u ir e
d
.
(e ) C . C d
.
to de s cr ib e co m l t e ly t h e flo w d e r g iv e n
p e u n
2 77 Th lu e o f c o e ffic ie n t o f d ie c h
e v a bo u n da ry co n d it io n
a r g e in co m r is o n
to c o e ffic ie n t o f v e lo c it i8 pa (e ) It i8 u su a l p r a c t ic e t o ll n u m be r o fsu ch
y u s e a s m a

(a ) m o r e S tr e a n ılin e s a s lo n g is
(b ) le s s , a s a cc e p t a b le a c cu r a cy
o b t a in e d
(c ) 吕昌】ııe

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

CS
W W 主 羽

285 C o n t in u it y e qu a t io n fo r a co m p r e s s ib le flu id i8 294 T u b e is a n o pe n in g

(a ) A V 1
・ A
2
V 2 (a ) w it h c lo s e d p e r iıııe t e r a n a o r re gu ıa r to m ı
1
(b ) P rA 1 V ,
-
P 2A 2Vz (A = a re a ) th r o u gh w h ic h w a t e r flo w s

(b ) w it h p r o lo n g e d s id e s h a v in g le n g th f 2 3
(c )
A & A qV2
(V lo c it y ) ll
o

t e r s o f o p e n in g in t h ic k w
.
v e
=
d ia n ıe a
P1 P2
(c ) w it h p a r tia lly fu ll flo w
P LĄ P2A a
(d ) .
(p = den s it y ) (d ) in h y d r a u lic s tr u c t u r e w ith re g u la t io n p r o v is io n
17 V2
(e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e
P rv a b t a in d it h fo u h ıg ha
(e ) . 295 H ig h e s t e ffic ie n c y is o e w ow c 】ı

A 1 n e l s e c t io n

286 The con t in u it y e qu a t io n

(a ) c ir c u la r (b ) t r ia n g u la r
(a ) is b a se d on B ern o u lli s th '
e o re m
(c ) r e c t a n g u la r (d ) q u a d r a n t
(b ) e x p r e s s e s re la t io n b e tw e e n w o r k a n d en e r gy (e ) t r a p e z o id a l
(c ) e x p r e s s e s re la t io n b e tw ee n h y dr a u lic p a r a F b e s t h y d r a u lic r e c t a n g u la r c r o s s s e c t io n o f a n
296 o r
te r s f flo w ld b e e q u l to
o p e n c h a n n e l, iţ s d e p t h s h o u
m e o a

287 E q u a t io n
ww
(d ) r e la t e s th e m a s s r a t e o f flo w a lo n g a s tr e a m lin
(e ) is u s e d t o d e t e r m in e flo w b y p it o t t u b e
o f co n t in u it y o f flo w is b a se d o n th e p r in
e (a ) w id t h

(c )
w id t h
2
(b ) 2 w id t h

(d ) Jw id t h

c ip le o f c o

(a ) m
(c ) m
wa s s

o ın e n

(e ) h y d r a u lic p r e s s u r e
n s e r v a

tu m
t io n o f

.Ea (b ) fo r c e
(d ) e n e r g y 297
(e )

A t r ia
3
8
w

n
id t h

g u la r s e c t io n in
ic a l w h e n th e v
pen
o

e rt e x
ch a n n e

a n g le a
l flo w
t t h e t r ia
w iu b e
n g le b a
m o s

s e
t

syE
e co n o m

288 B e m o u lli' s t h e o r e m d e a ls w ith th e con serv a t io n o f p o in t is

(b ) 4 5
°

(b ) fo (a ) 3 0
°
(a ) m a s s rc e

(d ) 9 0 °

ngi
(c ) m o m e n t u m (d ) e n e r gy (c ) 6 0 °

(e ) h y d r a u lic p r e s s u r e (e ) 1 2 0 °

la in flo w v a r ie s a s 298 T h e d is c h a r g e V n o tc h w e ir is p r o p o r tio n a l to

289 T h e d r a g c o e ffic ie n t fo r m a r pro o v e r a

p o r tio n a l t o
(a ) R e (b ) R e
ı

2
nee (a ) Tıa /2
(c ) fıu
5ı
2
2
(b ) h
(d ) Tı
ó /2

3 /2

rin
(c ) R e
' /2 (d ) R e (e ) h
t io f a flu id is v o r te x if e a ch tic le f th e
(e ) R e a /2 299 Th e m o n o p a r o

ld s n u n ıb e r ) flu id in a c ir c u la th it h t h e s pe e d w h ic h

g.n
(w h e r e R ,
e - R e yn o m o v e s r p a w

it y t io fo in e o m pre s s ib le flu id is (a ) is c o n s t a n t
290 C o n t in u e qu a n r a n

(b ) is d ir e c tly p r o p o r tio n a l t o d is t a n ce fr o m ce n tr e
(a ) A 1 , V A VZ

e
=
2
(A ) (c ) v a r ie s a s s qu a re o f d is t a n ce fr o m cen tr e
(b ) p 1A , V p zA vz = a re a

t
-
, z
(d ) v a r ie s in v e r se ly a s th e d is t a n ce fr o m cen tr e

(c ) 4 (V v e lo c it y , p - d e n s ity ) f d is t a fr o m
_
=
(e ) v a r ie s in v e rse ly a s s qu a re o n ce

P1 P2 ce n tr e
ifo r m r e c ta n g u la ta k is
q u ir e d t o e n ıp t y
T im r n
300 e re u n
A A
V V2 1 2
propor tio n a l t o it s
h a c ir c u la r o p e n
F im u m d is c h a r g e t h r o u g
29 1 o r m a x
f fl t d ia m e t e r o f c h a n (a ) h e ig h t H (b ) J
c h a n n e l th e r a t io o
f d e p t h o o w o
,
(c ) H 2 (d ) H a /2
n e l s h o u ld b e
(b ) 0 5 1
(a ) 0 9 Ļe )
(c ) 0 6 5 (d ) 0 8 5 Æ
30 1 Th la in a r su b la y e r a c t s a s
(e ) 0 9 5 e m

lly p r o v id e d a t th e su m m it o fa (a ) a n la t in g m
in su e d iu m
292 A n a ir v e sse l is u s u a

d e r to (b ) g o o d c o n d u c t o r o fhe a t
s y p h o n in o r

th e n o w (c ) r e fr a c t o r y s u b s t a n ce (d ) h e a t a b s o r b e r
(a ) r e g u la t e
(b ) in c r e a s e d is c h a r g e (e ) h e a t g e n e r a t o r
d fo r p ty in g t a n 】
￡s w it h
(c ) a v o id in t e r r u p t io n in flo w A m o u th p ie c e c a n t b e
'
u se e m
302
(d ) in c r e a s e v e lo c ity la r g e h e a d s b e c a u s e
tr a c ta
(e ) in c r e a s e h e ig h t o f s y p h o n (a ) c a v it a tio n o c c w s a t v e n a c o n
n t r a c ta
293 Th e flo w a t cr it ic a l d e p t h in a n o p e n ch a n n e l is (b ) v o r te x is c r e a t e d a t v e n a c o
M gh
(a ) m a x im u n ı (b ) m in im u m (c ) v a r ia tio n in d is c h a r g e is
i ce is t ic
(d ) flo w t h r o u g h m o u th p e
e rra
(d ) h a lf o f n o rm a l fı
ow
(c ) z e r o
b
b e c o n ıe s t rır u le n t
(e ) c r it ic a l (e ) fı
o w

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

iH
M EC H A N ı
C A L E N G IN E E
Rı
N q
G a t e is a n o p en in g (c ) n o w in o p e n c h a n n e ls
(a ) w ith cı
o se d p e r im e t e r a n d o f re g u la r fo r m (d ) n o w in p ip e s
th ro u gh w h ic h w a t e r n o w s (e ) p r e s s u r e in o p e n c h a n n e ls
(b ) w it h p r o lo n g e d s id e s h a vin g le n g th o f 2 3 3 12 T h e hydra u lic r a d iu
s in th e ca se o fa n o pe n c ha nn
d ia f o p e n in g in
te t h ic k w ll el
m e rs o a w it h g r e a t w id th is e q u a l to
(c ) w ith p a r t ia lly fu ll flo w (a ) d e p th o f c h a n n e l
(d ) in h y d r a u lic s t r u c t u r e w ith re g u la t io n p rov is io n (b ) 2 × d e p th o f ch a n n e l
(e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e
(L ) 3 × d e p th o f c h a n n e l
The v a lu e o f c o e f fic ie n t o f v e lo c ity fo r a s h a r p e dged (d ) 1 /4 × d e p th o f c h a n n e l
or ific e is o f th e order of (e ) 3 /8 d e p th f ch
× o a n n e l
(a ) 0 4 5 (b ) 0 5 In
3 13 o p e n ch a n n e l c o r r e s p o n d in g t o c r it ic a l d e p th th
(c ) 0 6 2 (d ) 0 7 8 d is c h
e
a r g e is
(e ) 0 9 8 (a ) m x im u m
a (b ) m in im u m
Th e v a lu e o f co e ffic ie n t o fv e lo c it y de pen ds p on (c ) z e r o flo w
u
(d ) t u r b u le n t flo w
(a ) s lo p e o f o r ific e (b ) s iz e o f o r ific e (e ) m o s t e co n o m ic a l

ww (c ) h e a d o f liq u id a b o v e o r ific e
(d ) ty p e o f o r itic e
(e ) fiction a t th e o r ific e s u r fa c e
914 If a w k p a r t ia lly fılle d w ith w a t e r is b
a te
c a r r ie d o n a t r u c k m o v in
r ta n
e in g
g w it h a c o n s t a n t h o r iz o n
t a l a c c e le r a t io n t h e le v e l o f t h e li u id
w ill

w
, q
The c o n t r a c tio n o f fo r flo w th r o u g h ific e in (a ) r is e o n t h e fr o n t s id e o f th e t a n k

b
a re a o r
k de pe n ds o n

.Ea
ta n
(b ) fa ll o n t h e b a c k s id e o f th e t a n k
(a ) s h a p e o f o r ific e (b ) s iz e f o r ific e
o (c ) r e m a in t h e sa m e a t b t h th e id e f th e t a n k

p
o s s o
(c ) h e a d in t a n k (d ) a ll o f t h b
e a ov e (d ) r is e o n th ba ck id e d fa ll th fr o

syE
e s a n o n e n t s id e
(e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e
(e ) u n p re d ic t a b le
In e x t e rn a l m o u th p ie c e v a lu e o f c o e ffic ie n t
a n
, o f d is 3 16 Th e d is c h a r g e o v e r a s h a r e d e d r e c t a
c h if p ip e is flo w in g O r 11 w ill b e
a rge p g n g u la r n o tc h
o f w id t h tu a n d d e p t h /ı is e u a l t o

ngi
(a ) 0 6 0 2 q
(b ) 0 7 5
2
(c ) 0 8 6 (d ) 0 9 8 (a l
3
c
d
- h51 2
ţb) c
d ıu ıu h
(e ) 1 0 3
T h e h o r iz o n t a l c o m
fa c e is e q u a l t o t h e
pon

(a ) p r o d u c t o f p r e s s u r e
e n t o f fo r c e o n a cu rv e d
nee
s u r
(c 1
2
3
8
c
.
・ harz
42 g
(d ì į
15
c
o
U : h a n

C
rin
a t it s ce n t r o id a n d a re a Ł
e)
d
tu h S tz
(b ) w e ig h t o f liq u id t a in d b y th
r e e e cu rv e d a r e a
3 16 T h e d is c h a r g e th
(c ) fo r c e t ic a l p r
r o u gh a n o r ific e fit t e d in a ta n k can
o n a j t io f th

g.n
v e r o e c n o e c u r v e d b e in c r e a s e d b
s u r fa c e y
(d ) w ig h t (a ) fit t in g a s h o r t le g th f p ip e t o t h t s id e
e o f liq u id v e r t ic a lly bov th
n o e o u
a e e cu rv e d (b ) s h a r p e in g t h e dge f o r ific e

e
s u r fa c e n e s o
(c ) fitt in g lo n g le

t
(e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e
a n g th o f p ip e t o t h e o u t s id e
The tic a l
(d ) fit t in g a lo n g le n g th o f p ip e t o t h e in s id e
v e r co m p o n en t o fp re ssu r e fo r c e o n a s u b
(e ) a ll o f t h e a b o v e
m e r ged cu rv e d s u r fa c e is eq u a l to
(a ) w ig h t f liq u id v e 3 17 W n e n th e d e p th f te in l is
e o r t ic a lly a bov e th e cu rv e d
o w a r a n o pe n c h a n n e
su r fa ce n d e x t e n d in gre a te r t h a n th e it ic a l d e p t h t h flo w is id to
a
g u p o n t h e fr e e s u r fa c e
cr e n sa
(b ) th fo r c e be
e o n a v e r t ic a l p r o je c t io n f th
o e cu rv e d
su r fa c e (a ) c r it ic a l (b ) t u b u le t
r n
(c ) th e p r o d u c t o f pressu t t r o id (d ) t r a il
re a cen a n d s u r fa c e n q u
a re a (e ) su b cr it ic a l
(d ) h o r iz o n t a l c o m
p o n e n t (e ) n o n e o f t h e a b o v e 3 18 W n en th d e p th f
e o w a te r in a n o pe n c h a n n e l is le s s
3 10 A b lo c k o f ic e flo a t in t h a n t h e c r it ic a l d
g o v e r w a t e r in a v e s s e l s lo w l e p th th e n flo w is s a id t o be
y
m e lt s in it T h e w a t e r le v e l i
n th e v e s s e l w ill
(a ) c r it ic a l (b ) t u r b u le n t
(a ) s ta r t r is in g (b ) s t a r t fa lli n (d ) t r a n q u il
g
(c ) w ill r e m a in co n s ta n t (e ) s u b c r it ic a l
(d ) w ill d e p e n d o n t e m p e r a tu re in w a te r
8 ı9 T h e h y d r a u lic r a d e lin
g e is
(e ) b e u n p r e d ic t a b le (a ) a lw a y s m o v in u g p
3 1ı M a n n in g fo rm u la is u se d t o d e t e r n ıin e (b ) a lw a y s m o v in g d o w n
(a ) h d lo s a d u e t o fr ic tio n in p ip e s flo w in (c ) a lw a y s a b o v e t h e e n e r
e a
g fu ll g y g r a d e lin e
de r p re ssu re (d ) t h e v e lo c ity h e a d b e lo w t h e e n e r
g y g r a d e lin
u n e

(b ) h e a d lo ßs d u e t o fr ic t io n in o pe n c ha n n e ls (e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

590 1 1 ıe r is e o f liq u id a lo n g t h e w a lle f

o a r e v o lv in g (a ) H
cyı in d e r a b o v e t h e in it ia l le v e l
(a ) is g r e a t e r t h a n t h e d e p r e s s io n o f th e li u id a t th e (c ) Æ
q ñı
Z
a x is o f r o t a t io n (e l H
(b ) is le s s e r th a th d e p r e s s io n 329 T h e d is c h a r g e th ro u gh a sem i c ir c u la r w e ir i8 p r o
n e o f th e liq u id a t th e
a x is o f r o t a t io n p o r t io n a l
(c ) is th e sa m e a s th e dep r e s s io n o f th e liq u id a t th e
a x is o f r o t a t io n
z
(d ) it d e p e n d s u po n th e m a g n it u d e o f sp e e d (e ) H
(e ) n on e o f th e a bov e 330 C r it ic a l d e p t h m e t r e is u se d to m e a su re

32 1 W n e n a liq u id r o t a t e s a t t a n t a n g u la r v e lo c it
co n s (a ) d is c h a r g e in a n o p e n ch a n n e l
y
a bo u t a v e r t ic a l a x is a s a ig id b o d y th e r e s s u r e
r (b ) h y d r a u lic ju m p
, p
(a ) in c r e a s e s lin e a r ly a s it s r a d ia l d is t a n c e (c ) d e p t h o f flo w in c h a n n e l
(b ) v a r ie s in v e r s e ly a s th e a lt it u d e a lo n g a n
(d ) d e p t h o f c h a n n e l
y
v e r t ic a l lin e (e ) n o n e o f t h e a b o v e
(c ) v a r ie s a s th e s qu a r e o f th e r a d ia l d is t a n ce 33 1 If flo w in a n o p e n c h a n n e l is g r a d u a lly v a r ie d , th e n

(d ) d e c r e a se s a s th e s q u a re o f r a d ia l d is t a n ce
th e flo w w ill b e
(e ) n f th bo v (a ) s t e a d y u n ifo r m flo w

ww
on e o e a e

322 T o t a l p r e s s u r e o n t h e t o p o f a c lo s e d c h n d r ic a l v e s (b ) u n s t e a d y u n ifo r m Ĥ o w
y
s e l c o m p le t e ly fille d w it h liq u id is d ir e c t ly p r o p o r (c ) s t e a d y n o n u n ifo r m flo w

w
t io n a l t o (d ) u n s t e a d y n o n u n ifo r m Ĥ o w

(a ) r a d iu s (b ) (r a d iu s ) 2 (e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e
(c ) (r a d iu s )3
(e ) n o n e o f t h e a bov e
.Ea (d ) (r a d iu s )4 332 Th
(a ) le
e w

s s
id th
th a n
o f th
th
e w

e w
e

id t h
ir w

o
it h
f ch
e n d
a n n e
c o n

l
tr a c t io n is

323 If t h
l
p a r tic le s o f a flu id a tt a in s u c h v e lo c it ie s th a t
e

v e o c t ie s v a r y fr o m
i p o in t t o p o in t in m a g n it u d e a n d
d ir e c t io n , a s w e ll a s fr o m in s t a n t t o in s t a n t , th e flo w syE (b ) m
(c ) e q u a
o r e

w
th
l toa n n

(d ) h a lf th e w id th o f c h a n n e l
a n th e
id t h
w

o f ch
id th o f ch
e l
a n n e l

is s a id t o b e
(tı) d is t u r b e d flo w
(c ) t u r b id flo w
(b ) t u r b u le n t flo w
(d ) n ifo flo w
ngi 333
(e ) tw ic e t h e w id t h o f c h a n n e l
Th e fu n c t io n o f s u r g e t a n k is t o

nee o f e x c e s s iv e
o n u n rm
(a ) r e lie v e th e p ip e lin e pre s su r e

(e ) n o n s t e a d y flo w pro du c e d by w a te r h a m m e r

324 T h e in c lu ded a n g le o f ţ r ia n g u la r n o t c h fo r m a x im u m (b ) m o o th e n flo w

d is c h
(a ) 4 5
a r
°
g e is
(b ) 6 0 °
(d ) a v o id r e v e r s e flo w
rin
(c ) a c t a s r e s e r v o ir fo r e m e r g e n c y c o n d it io n s

(d ) 1 0 8

g.n
(e ) s u p p ly w a t e r a t c o n s t a n t p r e s s u r e
°
(c ) 9 0 °

(e ) 1 2 0 °
334 Th e d is c h a rg e o f b r o a d c r e s t e d w e ir is m a x im u m if
l t io is th h d f w a t e r o n th e d o w n s t r e a m s id e o f w ir

e
325 M o s t e ffic ie n t c h a n n e se c n e e a o e a s

t
f tr a p id d t o th h d th p s tr e id e f th e
(a ) h a lf h e x a g o n in fo r m o e z o co m p a re e e a o n e u a ın s o

w e ir is
(b ) t r ia n g u la r
(a ) o n e h a lf (b ) o n e t h ir d
(c ) r e c t a n g u la r
(c ) tw o th ir d (d ) th r e e fo u r th
(d ) s e m i c ir c u la r
(e ) tw o fift h
(e ) n o n e o f t h e a b o v e
tc h ir 335 T h e C ip o le tt i w e ir fu n c t io n s a s if it fo 1ı
o w in g
g u la
w e re a
326 Th e d is c h a r g e th r o u gh a r e c ta n r n o w e
n o t c h w ith o u t e n d c o n t r a c tio n s
v a r ie s a s
1 /2 (b ) H U 2 (a ) t r ia n g u la r n o tc h (b ) tr a p e z o id a l n o t c h
(a ) æ
(d ) H s Tz (c ) r e c t a n g u la r n o t c h (d ) p a r a lle lo g r a n ı n o t c h
tc ) H u z

z (e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e
(e ) H
336 M im d is c h bro a d te d e ir is
p e d g e t r ia n g u la r n o t c h
ov er cre s w
327 T h e d is c h o v e r a s h a r
a x u m a r ge
a r ge 5ı
Z
o f 2 e a n d d e p t h o f fı is g iv e n (a ) 1 7 ıC L H 3 12 (b ) 1 7 1 C L H
h a v in g in c lu d e d a n g le . d
L H 3 12
b y t h e fo r m u la (c ) ı7 1 C . L H U 2
(d ) 0 3 8 4 C .
5 /2

C
2 (e ) 0 3 8 4 C d L H
(a 1 c ţ e h a tz (b ) Ta n e h a la
d
a n
15
.
337 C ip o le tt i n o t c h is d e s ig n e d a s t r a p e z o id w ith it s s id e s
3
s lo p in g a t 1 h o r iz o n t a l a n d
(c )
2
3
C d'
\a n e h ħ/z (d ) C
15
.
\a n ßh s ı
z
(a ) 1 v e r tic a l (b ) 2 v e r tic a l
(e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e (c ) 3 v e r t ic a l (d ) 4 v e r tic a l
328 Th e d is c h a r g e in a S u lt r o w e ir v a r ie s a s p ro p o r tio n a l (e ) 5 v e r tic a l
to

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

国 th r o u gh e a cb p ip e are a d d e d to
L a m in a r

(a ) lie s b e t w e
Oow

en 200
0
0
0
o ccu r s
in p ip e s

3000
4000
,
w he n R e yn o ld e n u m

d lo s s e s 3 0
(b ) lie s b e t w e e
n
h e a
(a ) th e
e a ch p ip e h a n 2000
th r o u g h (c ) is m o r e t
is s a tiıe
b e a d lo s s c h p ip e h 2000
(b ) th e a ssu m
e d fo r e a
(d ) is le s s t an
t rs afe
n fa c o bov
(c ) fn c tio (e ) n o n e o f th e a e

i e ben a s W ııı ıu u ıu u u c e

(d ) flo w n
i cr e a se s f th e fo llo w in g p p
w u ic h o
f th e a b o v e d lo s s ?
(e ) n o n e o m a x im u m he a
i e flo w im p
lie s
(b ) U b e n d
339 C h o k in g in p p (a ) 3 0 b e n d
°
d
(d ) 9 0 b e n
°

te r h a m m er
to (c ) 6 0 b e n d
du e w a °

t a k e s p la
ce
e flo w
(b ) n e g a tiv l ed
i e lin e is c
o s te r th la n i
y in g w a e
(c ) v a lv e in p p 25 m c a rr ,
h m
o ccu r
In p ip e s la r g e r t
'

O o w c a i ıt a n ,

fi d m a s s
i e
9
th e sp e c
ss u fe lo s s
y pre is ts
(e ) n flo w du e to h eav
is t s (b ) g e n e r a lly e x
a lle l p ip (a ) v e r y o ft e n e x
o e s
f ū o w th r o u gh p a r (d ) u n p r e d ic t a
b le
34o In th e c a s e o (c ) r a r e ly e x is t s
is s a m e
a c h p ip e
(a ) flo w in e
(b ) h e a d lo s
ww
s in e a c
h p ip e is sa m

f th e h
e

e a d lo sse s in 5o Th e p a th o j
a t a n k fu
f e t d is c h a r g n g
ll o f w a t e r w ill b e
fr o m
j
b o t to m o p e n in g in

w
o
d lo s s is su m
(d ) to t a l h e a
t a i h t lin e
in d iv id u a l p ip
e s (a ) h o r iz o n t a l s r g

341
(e ) n
F or a
n e o f th e
o

la m in
a bov e

a r flo w .Ea (b ) lin e a r ly d o w n

w a r d

l h
(c ) a p p r o x im a t ė y y p
e r b o la

it s v e r t e x a t th e o p e n in g

(b ) R e y n o ld s n u m b e r lie s b e tw
syE een 2 0 0 0 to 3 0 0 0 fo r
(d ) p a r a b o la w ith
(e ) n on e o
'
f th e a bov e

ngi
is f im p o r t a n ce
y lin d r ic a
f v is c o s it y
o
h t l tu D e p r u jc w ım )
(c ) N e w t o n s la w o (a ) a s or c

s id e r a t io n s f 2 d ia n ıe t e r
m a jo r c o n h in g le n g th o
(d ) p ip e lo s s e s a r e a v
in g le g th o f 2 3
is m a x im t tu b e h a v n

nee
f fl u m n
(e ) v e lo c ity o o w (b ) a con v er ge
f c ir c u la r ch a n n e l fo r
ic a l s e c tio n o d ia m e te r s
342 The ın o s t e c o n o m d
i d w hen ly d (d ) r a re ly u se
d is c h a r g e is o b t a n e
(c ) m t co m m on u se
m a x im u m
o s

(a ) d e p th o f w a te r
(b ) w e tt e d p e r im e t e r
0 95 d
- 2 6 d
-

352
(e ) n
A h y dr
o n e o

a u
f th
lic
rin ra m
e a bov
a c ts
e

lik e

g.n
9 d (b ) a ta m p
p th = 0 2 pu
ry
d c e n tr ifu g a l p u
ro
(c ) h y d r a u lic m e a n e
(a ) a m p
im p u ls e p u m p
d ) a n o n e o f th e a b o v
( y
e
(c ) a r e c ip r o c a t in g p u
m p (d ) a n

(e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e (e ) c y lin d e r p u

e
m p
tio n )

t
(d = d ia o f c ir c u la r s e c lic is d e v ic e u se d
353 H ydra u r a m a

if l t a k e s p la ce a t
te flo w
343 T h e flo w in v e n t u r u m e
(a ) t o a cc e le r a t e w a r

le c tr ic to r
o s p h e r ic ith t
ssu re m o
(a ) a t ın pre (b ) lift w a te r w o u e

th a n a t m o s p h e r ic p r e
s su re
(b ) a t p r e s s u r e g r e a t e r (c ) fo r lift in g h e a v y lo a d
(c ) v a c u u m (d ) b e a 七w a t e r a n d lift it
(d ) h ig h p r e s s u r e (e ) a n y p r e s s u r e flo w in iv ers
(e ) m e a su r e r
l to
f d ia m t e r fo r n o n
y is
l qu a
H y d r a u lic d ia m e t e r u s e d in p a illw
ce o e e
yph
a
gh
sp
g e th
on
3 44 354 Th e d is c h a r ro u a s

c ir c u la r d u c t s
is e q u a l t o
C d
x a x X

(a ì JĒ (b ì H
5 /2
(e ) 4 m }A (c ) H 3 /2 (d ) H
f flo w d m p e r im e te r
w h ere A = a re a o a n -
(e ) H z
sypho
,
r
it in t h e
fo llo w ir v e s s e l is p r o v id e d a t th e
id n su m m
A y n o w s
345 n u 355 A

(a ) B e m o u lli s e q u a tio n
'
in o r d e r t o
it
(b ) N e w t o n 8 la w o f v is c o s y (a ) m a in t a in p r e s s u r e d iffe r e
n c e

(d ) c o n t in ity e q u a t io n
(c ) Darc)s e q u a tio n
u
(b ) in c r e a s e d is c h a r g e
(e ) a ll o f th e a bov e (c ) in c r e a s e v e lo c ity
b u le n t b o u da ry
lo c it y d is t ń b u tio n in th e t u r i n s
(d ) c o n t r o l p r e s s u r e v a r ia t o
n
346 Th e v e
h flo w
la y e r fo llo w s (e ) a v o id in t e r r u p t io n in t e
t lin e la w (b ) p a r a b o lic la w
(a ) s tr a ig h
lic la w (d ) lo g a r ith m ic la w
(c ) h y p e r b o
(e ) q u a d r a c la w
t i
Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner
 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

田闐 A flu id flo w t a k in g p la c e con t in u ou s ly r o u n d a cu r v e d 园

3 A r ig h t d e r o p e n a t t o p is fille d w it h
c ir c u la r c y lin
b o u t it s v e r tic a l a x is a ţ s u c h
w a te r a n d r o t a te d a
p a th a b o u t a fi x e d a x is o f r o t a t io n ,
is k n o w n a s
id s p ills o u t T h e p r e s s u r e a t
s p e e d t h a t h a lf th e liq u
(a ) r o t a t io n a 1 0 o w (b ) r a d ia l flo w
c e n t r e o f b o tt o m is
(c ) c ir c u la r flo w (d ) u n s te a d y flo w
(a ) o n e h a lf it s v a lu e w h e n c y lin d e r w a s fu ll
(e ) v or te x flo w
li d a s fu ll
(b ) o n e fo u r th it s v a lu e w h e n c y n e r w
S ö7 W n en a liq u id r o t a t e s a t t a n t a n g u la r v e lo c it y
con s

v e r t ic a l a x is a i id b o d y , th e p r e s s u r e (c ) z e r o
a bou t a s a r g
ffic ie n t d a t a
t o in
(d ) c a n t b e d e t e r m in e d d u e su
'

(a ) v a r ie s a s th e s qu a re o f th e r a d ia l d is t a n c e

th f th d ia l d is t a (e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e
(b ) d e c r e a se s a s e s qu a r e o e r a n ce
A id e a l flu id is
(c ) in c r e a s e s lin e a r ly a s th e r a d ia l d is t a n ce
n

(a ) s im ila r t o p e r fe c t g a s
'

(d ) v a r ie s in v e r s e ly a s th e e le v a t io n a lo n g a n y
l w o f v is c o s ity '

v er t ic a l lin e (b ) o n e w h ic h o b e y s N e w t o n s a
ib le
(e ) is ze ro th ro u gh o u t (c ) fn c t io n le s s a n d in c o m p r e s s
In fr e te t io (d ) v e r y v is c o u s
368 a e v or x m o n
(e ) d o e s n o t e x is t
(a ) r o t a t io n o f flu id m ov in g a s a so lid t a k e s p la c e
t o p o f a c lo s e d c y lin d r ic a l
, ,

Th to ta l p r e ssu re o n th e
a bou t a n a x is e

l o f r a d iu fille d w it h liq u id is p r o p o r tio n a l t o

ww
s r
(b ) e a c h p a r t ic le m ov e s in a c ir c u la r p a th w it h a 1 v e sse

s pe e d v a r y n g in v e r s e ly a s th e d is t a n ce fr o m th e
(o ) r (b ) Į
tr e r
ce n

(c ) v e lo c it y d e c r e
(d ) v e lo c it y r e m
(e ) n o n e o f t h e
Th it ic a l
w a
a

lo c it y
a se s w

in
bov
s co n s

e
it h t h
ta n

.Ea
t
e r a d iu s
(c )

(e '
j
1
(d ) r 2

syE
569 e cr v e a s

im a b le v e lo c it y 忱 a in i f it y fo r t h r e e d in ıe n
t in
gen era l e qu a t o n
u
(a ) m a x u m a Th e o co n

f s s ib le flu id fo r s t e a
d y flo w is
(b ) t e r m in a l v e lo c it y s io n a lf ow
l o a c o m pr e

(c ) v e lo c it y w h e n h y d r a u lic ju m p o c c u

ngi
r s
d o n e n ts o f
to be (a ) O (u u a n u) a r e co m p
(d ) v e lo c it y a b o v e w h ic h th e flo w ce a se s . . .
,

ax ay z
s tr e a m lin d

nee
e
v e lo c it y in x y a n d z d ir e c t io n )
h ic h flo w is im u m
,

(e ) v e lo c it y a t w m a x

is e f liq u id lo g th e w a lls o f a r e v o lv in g cy1 u u ðw

3 6i00 Th e r o a n
(b ) 一 一 . O

rin
io n t th tr e w r t ay
in d e r a s c o m p a r e d to dep re ss a e ce n ðx z

in it ia l le v e l is
u u u )

g.n
(a ) s a m e (b ) m o r e
(C ) 丁 十 二一 十 = 1
ðx ay x
(c ) le s s
d
(d ) m o r e lle s s d e p e n d in g o n s p e e
ðu )

e
u u
(d ) 十 十 " U U)

t
d ic t a b le
一
(e ) u n p r e x ay z

fo d te x m o t io n
36 1 In a rce v o r
(e ) n f th e a bov e
in g so lid , t a k e s p la ce o n e o
u id
f fı m ov a s a
(a ) r o t a t io n o ,
368 R ld s n u m b e r fo r n o n c ir c u la r c r o s s s e c t io n is
e yn o
a bou t a n a x is
in c ir c u la r p a th w it h a
a ıt ic le ov e s a
(b ) e a ch p m
th d is t a n c e fr o m th e
ly e
y in g in v e rse a s V
s p e e d v a r V

ce n tr e V 2P
w it h t h e r a d iu s
(c ) (d )
(c ) v e lo c it y d e c r e a s e s 4 v
4v
n s ta n t
(d ) v e lo c it y r e m a in s c o
f th bov e V P
(e ) n o n e o e a
(e '
t r ic c ir c le s it is k n ow n
ņı W flu id flo w s in co n ce n ,
ea 2ņ n e n a
lo c it y , k in tic v is c o s it y
[V - m e a n v e v = e m a

t a t io lm t io n
忱e d
i (b ) fr e e ro n a o
s e c 6 io n a 1 t o th
(a ) fr e e c ir c u la r m o t o f cro a re a e w e
n p = R a tio o ss

l t U ow
te r 】
(c ) fr e e s p ir a v o r e x
p e r im e
te x flo w tle t , th
(d ) fr e e c y lin d r ic a l v o in g fu ll a t t h
r e
369 If a m o u t h p ie ce is ru n n e ou

(e ) r a d ia l flo w cr e a te d a t v en a c o n tr a c t a
v a cu u m
th ta g e n t ia l v e lo c ity o f
t io n
(a ) in c r e a s e s v e lo c ity o f je t
n e
86 3 In a fr e e v o r te x m o ,

is p r o p o r t io n a l to
tic le
(b ) d e c r e a s e s v e lo c it y o f je t
s
th e w a te r p a r

fr o m th ce n t r e (r )
(c ) d e c r e a s e s th e d is c h a r g e
e
(a ) d is t a n c e
(c ) U r
ffic ie n t o f c o n tr a c t io n
(b ) r 2 (d ) d e c r e a s e s th e v a lu e o f c o e
1 it o f je t
(e ) d o e s n o t a ffe c t th e v e lo c y

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

io n a l
in
(c ) tfu e e d
ıe n s
el 1
ch a n n d in ıe n s io n a
ib u ti. n f v e lo c ity in
o
a n o pen (d ) n ıu lti
v e ń ic a l d is tr f th e a b o v e
s 1o b e a s s 1Lım e d a
'
s
l
fow c an (e ) n o n e o l flo w th e c o n ıp o n e n ts f
fo r la m in a r d in ıe n s io n a o
(b ) p ara b o lic f a tw o
h n ıic 379 In c a se o by th e s tr e a m lin
o g a r it x u - es
a )ı n by u
a
( a r e g iv e
- ,

lin (c o n s t a r v e lo c it y
/ \ ◆ ņ (T ht e
bov fa ser ie s o f
(e ) n o n e o f th e a e
ill c o n s is t o
ch a n n e
l
w
(b ) P a r a b o lic a r c s
t in o p e n
(a ) c ir c u la r ar cs
o f v e lo c i y
an
371 v
i n
tic a l d is t r ib u t o (d ) e llip t ic a l a r c s
er lic a r c s
fo r l
tu r b u e n t f lo w ca n be a s s u m ed a s
(c ) h y p e r b o
(b ) p a r a b o lic he a bov e
(e ) n o n e o f t
(a ) lo g a r ith ın ic d im e n s io n a
l flo w ,
if t h e c o n ıp o n e n ts
n s ta n t) f a tw o
(c ) s t r a ig h t lin e (c o bov 98o In ca se o
by a x ;u - b y , th e p o h ıt w h e r e
(e ) n o n e o f t h e a
e
g iv e n u -

f v e lo c it y a re
(d ) h ) e r b o lic ,
n e fo r h ic h
o
is k n o w n a s
h a ï u ıe l s e c t io n is o
w
o ccu rs
n o n ıo t io
n
T h e m o s t e c o n o m ic a l c
,

372 fo r g iv e n cro ss in t (b ) n e u t r a l p o h ıt
im (a ) c r itic a l p o
a
e t e r is m a x u m
th e fo llo w h ıg p a r a ın (d ) s t a tio n a r y p o in t
(c ) s t a g n a t io n p o in t
s e c tio n a l a r e a
(b ) d is c h a r g e bov e
(a ) v e lo c ity (e ) n o n e o f th e a
(d ) w e tte d p e r im e te r ta n t h e a d ca p a c it y is p r o p o r
t c o n s
(e ) d e p th p ip e ū ow s a ,
F

ww
381 o r ,

(e ) h y d r a u lic ra d iu s
t io n a l to
han 2 5
t io n o f a r e c t a n g u la r c 2 (b ) (p ip e d ia )
STS T h e m o s t e c o n o n ıic a l s e c h it s (a ) (p ip e d ia )
d is c h a r g e is o b t a i n e d w e n
(d ) (p ip e d ia )
3
i

w (c ) p ip e d ia
n e l fo r m a x n ıu
m

d e p th is e q u a l t o
(e ) U p ip e d ia
(b ) tw ic e th e b r e a d th
(a ) h a lf th e b r e a d th

(c ) s a m th b r e a d th
e a s
3
(d ) th t h e b r e a d th
e .Ea í
382 F
t io
o r

n
p ip e flo w
a l to
s ,
a t c o n s ta n t c a

(b ) U d 2
p a c it y , h e a d is p r o p o r

374
(e ) o n
0 n e d im
e th ir d th
e n s io n a

(a ) r e s tr ic te d to flo w in a
e b r e a d th
l flo w is
s tr a
syE ig h t lin e
(a ) U d
(c ) U d 3
(e ) U d 4
(d ) d 5

(b ) u n ifo r ın flo w
(c ) o n e w h ic h n e g le c t s ch a n ge s in a tr a n sv er se
ngi
383
(w h e r e d
10 m o
,

fw a
=

te
p ip
r co
e

lu
d ia
n ın
m e

is
te r

e
)
qu a l to
2

nee (b ) 1 k N /n
2
d ir e c tio n (a ) 1 0 k N /m ı
2
(d ) th e m o st ge n e ra l flo w (c ) 1 0 0 ]￡N /m 2 (d ) 0 1 k N /m
(e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e (e ) n o n e o f th e a bo v e
;
376 E u le r
a ssu m
s e q u a tio n fo r m

p tio n th a t th e
o t io n o f liq u id s is b a se d o n th e
384 A s

tio n h e a d ) r e q u ir e n ıe n t
rin
p u n ıp s p e e d in c r e a s e s , it s N P S H (n e t p o s it iv e su c

(a ) flo w
(b ) flo w
(c ) flo w
is s tr e a m

t a k e s p la
is h o m o g e n e o u
lin
ce con
e

tin u o u s ly

d in s s ib le
(a ) in c r e a s e s
(c ) r e m a in s rın a fï e c t e d
g.n
(b ) d e c r e a s e s

e
s a n com pre (d ) n ıa y in c r e a s e /d e c r e a s e d e p e n d in g o n o th er

t
(d ) flo w is t u r b u le n t co n s id e r a t io n s
(e ) ñ o w is ir r o t a tio n a 1 (e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e
a ?O E u le r B e q u a tio n in th e d ifle r e n tia l fo m ı fo r m t io F
o n 386 o r p ip e H ow s a t c o n s ta n t d ia m e te r h e a d is p r o p o r
o f liq u id s is g iv e n b y
, ,

t io n a l to
dp dp (a ) Ĥ ow (b ) (flo w )2
W
P
g u z u u u - U W ) + ga z ga z - U
3
P (c ) (flo w ) (d ) V flo w
(e ) U flo w z
(c ) gdz du O (d ) p d p
+ u - + gdz + u d u = O
F
386 o r p ip e flo w a t co n s ta t d ia te a c it y is p r o
, n m e r c a p
(e ) n
,
f th e bov p o r tio n a l t o
on e o a e

m
377 F or a n ir r o t a t io n a 10 ow ,
g ・ - O is th e e qu a
(a )
(c ) h e a d a /2
(b ) h
(d ) h
e a

e a
d
dz
tio n g iv e n by
(e ) u m
(a ) C a u c h y R ie ın an n (b ) R e y n o ld s
387 T h e p re ssu r e in p ip e fo flu id s flo w in g is p r o p o r
(c ) L a p la c e (d ) B e m o u lli s r
t io n a l t o
(e ) M an n in g
If th e c o m p o n e n t s
1
878 u ,
u ,
u ì a re o f th e v e lo c it y u o f (a )
a
In s id e d ia ın e te r o f p ip e (d )
U
m o v in g p a r tic le ,
th en th e e qu a t io n .
ı
41

dx Ġ m
rep re sen ts a n e qu a tio n o f
(a ) o n e d im e n s io n a l flo w (b ) tw o d in ıe n s io m 1
ı flo w

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ih

988 ic t io n fa c t o r fo r I) ip e s dep e n ds o n 习习6 F o r a flo w t o b e r o t a t io n a l, t h e v e lo c ity n om ıa l to

(a ) r a t e o f flo w (b ) flu id d e n s it y th e p la n e o f a r e a s h o u ld b e e q u a l t o t h e
(c ) v is c o s ity (d ) p ip e r o u e s s (a ) a n g u la r v e lo c it y v e c t o r
(e ) a ll o f t h e a b o v e (b ) h a lf th e a n g u la r v e lo c ity v e c t o r
In o r d e r t o r e p la c e a c o m p o u n d p ip e b y a n e w p ip e (c ) tw ic e t h e a n g u la r v e lo c ity v ec to r
589 ,

t h e p ip e s w ill b e e q u iv a le n t w h e n fo llo w in g a r e s a ıııe (d ) z e r o (e ) m a x im u m

fo r b o th th e p ip e s H d lo s s in flo w in g n u id is e x p e r ie n ce d du e to
396 e a a

(a ) le n g th a n d flo w (b ) d ia m e te r a n d flo w (a ) fi c ti o n a t s u r fa c e (b ) c h a n ge o f d ir e c t io n
(c ) lo s s o f h e a d a n d flo w (c ) c h a n g e o f s e c tio n o fp a ssa ge
(d ) le n g th a n d lo s s o f h e a d (d ) o b s t r u c tio n in p a ss a ge
(e ) lo s s o f h e a d a n d v e lo c it y (e ) a ll o f th e a bo v e

590 T h e h e a d lo s s in ca se f h o t w a t e r flo w t h r o u g h L f h e a d d u e t o fn c tio n in a p ip e o f u n ifo rm is

o a 397 o s s o

p ip e c o ın p a r e d t o co ld w a t e r flo w w ill b e d ia m e t e r w ith v is c o u s flo w is e q u a l t o

(a ) s a m e (b ) m o re (a ) R e y n o ld s n u m b e r (R e )
(c ) le s s
(d ) m o r e or le d e p e n d in g
ss o n r a n ge o f t e m p e r a tu re s

(e ) u n pre d ic t a b le P tr a it t e d t h ro u gh a p ip e is m a x iın n m w h en
398 ow e r n sm

39ı T h
m a
e

ww
fr ic t io
t e ly a s

(a ) v e lo c it y
n a l

o f flo w
r e s is ta

(u )
n ce o f

(b ) u
a p ip

2
e v a r ie s a pp ro x i th e lo s s o fh e a d du
(a ) o n e h a lf o f th e t o t a l h e a d s u p p lie d
e

(b ) o n e th ir d o f th e t o t a l h e a d s u p p lie d
t o fn c t io n is

392 A
(C )
(e ) u
c co r
w
5 /2

d in g t o D a r c jř s fo rm
ţdl u u

.Ea
u la , lo s s
Z

o fh e a d du e t o fn c
(c ) o n e fo u r t h o f th e t o t a l h e a d s u p p lie d
(d ) e q u a l t o th e t o t a l h e a d s u p p lie d
(e ) z e r o
If 'u '2 , '3 e t c le n g th s a n d d p d 2 , d 3 e t c B e
B e th

syE
t io n in th e p ip e is 399 e

t h e d ia m e t e r s o f t h e p a r t s o f a c o ın p o u n d p ip e , t h e n
le n g th L a n d d ia m e t e r D o f a u n ifo r m e q u iv a le n t p ip e
gd gď w ill b e r e la t e d a s u n d e r

(C )
2 /Z u

gd
2
(d )
gd ngi D d dz

nee
r

(e )
d
w h er e , f = D a r cy s co e

1 - le n g th o f p ip e ,
ffic ie n t ,

rin
If d
u - v e lo c it y o f liq u id û

d
d ia m e t e r o f n
- d ia m e te r
d ia m e t e r o f p ip e 1
o f p ip e
o z z le , D
o w ,

g.n
e
393 = -
,
-

D a r c y s c o e ffic ie n t o f fr ic tio n

t
le n g th o f p ip e a n d f =

fo r p ip e th e n fo r m a x im u m p o w e r tr a n s m is s io n o f
,
400 T im e o f flo w fr o m o n e ta n k in w h ic h w a t e r le v e l is lı
p o w e r , d s h o u ld b e e q u a l t o
1
to a n o th er ta n k h a v in g le v e l l w ill b e p r o p o r tio n a l
2
to

(a ) l 1
h
2
(b ) Ąh h

(e ) h Ţ' h 2ız
一 1 2

(巴)
Ĺ副 40 ı M
th
a x

rou

(a ) 2 5 %
im
gh
u m

a p ip
e ffic ie
e is
n c y o f tr a n s m

(b ) 3 3 3 %
is s io n o f p o w e r

394 T o re p la ce a p ip e o f d ia m te r D b y
e n p a ra lle l p ip e s o f
d ia m e te r d t h e fo rm u la u s e d is (c ) 5 0 % (d ) 6 6 6 %
,

D D (e ) 1 0 0 %
2
402 If th e pressu in le t o f a p ip e is 9 0 k g /c n
re a t th e ı a n d
2
D D th e p r e s s u r e d r o p o v e r th e p ip e lin e is 1 0 k g /c m th e

e ffic ie n c y o f tr a n s m is s io n is

(a ) 6 6 6 % (b ) 7 7 7 %
D
(c ) 5 5 5 % (d ) 8 8 8 %
(e ) 4 4 4 %

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

M EC HA Nı
CA L ENG ı
N EERD

T h e h y d r a u lic m e a n d e p th fo r a c ir c u la r p ip e o f d ia (d ) c o n d itio n s d o n o t c h a n ge w it h t im e a t a n
y p o in t
ın e t e r ď r u n n in g fu ll is e q u a l t o (e ) n o n e o f t h e a b o v e
'

4 11 W D ic h o f th e fo llo w in g r e p re se n ts s te a dy
(a ) d (b ) u n ifo r ı
a
flo w ?
d (a ) n o w th r o u g h a n ex p a n d in g t u b e a t a n in cre asj
tc ' (" Jı
g
ī ra te
d (b ) flo w th ro u gh a n ex p a n d in g t u b e a t c o n s t a n t r
(e ) a te
5 (c ) flo w th r o u g h a lo n g p ip e a t d e c r e a s in g r a te
H ydra u lic g r a d ie n t is e qu a l to (d ) flo w th r o u g h a lo n g p ip e a t c o n s t a n t r a t e
d iffe r e n ce in w a te r s u r fa c e (e ) n o n e o f th e a bo v e
(a )
to t a l le n g th o f ch a n n e ı 4 12 In th e ca se o f tu r b u le n t flo w
h e a d lo s s d u e t o fr ic t io n (a ) it o ccu r s in o pe n c h a n n e l
(b )
t o t a l le n g th o f ch a n n e l (b ) lo s s e s a r e p r o p o r tio n a l to s q u a r e o f v e lo c it
y

(c )
ww
a rea
w e tt e d p e r im
to t a l le n g th

o f cro ss
o f ch a
se c
e te r
n n e

tio n
l
(c ) v e lo c ity a t b o u n d a r y is z e r o
(d ) it is n o t p o s s ib le t o m e a s u r e flo w
(e ) s h e a r s tr e s s e s a r e m o r e c o m p a r e d t o la m in
ar
(d )

(e
Th
pen de
e
w
t o t a l le n g th o f c h
) n o n e o f th e a b o v e
to t a l ￡
n t
r ic t io

o f
n a l
an n e

r e s is
l

ta
.Ea
n ce t o flu id flo w is in d e
4 13 F
p
o
o r
flo w
a

r e ssu r e

f liq u
s ip h o n t o w
in t h e p ip
id s h o u ld b e
o r k
e a s co m
s a tis fa
p a re
c to r

d to
ily ,

v a
th
p o u r
e m in im
p r e s su
u ı
n

re

(a ) d e n s it y
(c ) p r e s s rır e
(e ) a r e a o f w
o f flu id

e tt e d s u r fa ce
(b ) v

syE
(d ) s u r fa
e lo c it y
ce r ou gh n e ss
(a ) ın

(e ) u n
or e

p r e d ic t a b le
(b ) le s s
(d ) c o u ld b e a n y th in g

T h e r a tio o f th e h d r a u lic
y
fu ll o f w a t e r t o t h e h d r a li
y
tio n o f a c h a m ıe l w h o s e id
u
r a d iu s o f a
p ip e r u n n in g
c r a d iu s o f a s u a r e
q sec ngi
4 14 W a te
(a ) s o m e o n
(b ) s u d d e n
r h a m m

e
e r in p ip e s o c c u r s d u e t

h itt in g t h e p ip e w it h a h a
c h a n g e in
o

m m er

nee
e is e q u a l t o th e d i t h e v e lo c ity o f
, s
a m a n y flo w in g
e te r o f t h e
p ip e , is H u id
(c ) h e a v y p r e s s u r is a t io n o f p ip e

rin
(d ) o b s t r u c t io n in p i e
2 p
(e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e
4 15 If liq u id in a

g.n
p ip e s u d d e n ly u n d e r g o e s a c h a n e in
a
4 g
(e ) n o n e o f th bov v e lo c it y b y A V a n d if
e a e p is d e n s it y o f liq u id a n d c is
V lo c ity fp t h e v e lo c it o f r e s s
e o re ssu re w du to p r e y p u r e w a v e o r s e e d o f
s o u n d in
a v e s d is t u p

e
e ssu r e
ba im p
r liq u id , t h e n c h a n e i
n ce s o se d in a flu id is l to g n p r e s su re e x
p e r ie n c e d e q u a ls

t
e q u a
(b ) A v /p c
(a ) (c ) p Ą v Tc
(b ) JÊ p (d ) T p c A v
(e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e
(c l m (d ì Ąu p E 4 16 W h ic h o f th e fo llo w in
g ts dy
r e p r e se n u n s te a n o n u n i
(e ) n on e o f th e a bov e
fo r m flo w ?
Th e v e lo c it y f flu id p (a ) flo w t h r o u gh d in g t u b e
o a r tic le a t th e ce n tr e o f p ip e
a n e x p a n a t a n in c r e a s in g
se c tio n is r a te
(a ) z e r o (b ) flo w t h r o u g h a n e x p a n d in t b
(b ) m in im u m g u e a t c o n s ta n t r a te
(c ) m a x im u m (e ) flo w t h r o u g h a lo n
(d ) a v e r a g e o f fu ll s e c tio n g p ip e a t d e c r e a s in g r a t e
(e ) s o ın e v a lu e in b e t w e e n m i i (d ) flo w t h r o u g h a lo n
n m u m a n d m a x im u m g p ip e a t c o n s t a n t r a t e
S te a d y n o w o c c u r s w h (e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e
e n
4 17 C r it ic a l d e p th o f h l is
a c a n n e e qu a l to

9 2g
(d ) v e lo c ity v e c to r a t a n y p o in t re m a in s co n s ta t
n
(e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e (c ) (d ) u x g
U n ifo r m How occu rs w hen (e ) u 2
x g
(a ) a t e v e ry p o in t th e v e lo c ity v e c t o r is id e n tic a l in 4 18 In a sh o r t c y lin d r ic a l e x t e r n a l
o u th p ie c e th e v e n
,

g n it u d e a n d d ir e c t io n
m a
m a fo r a n y g iv e n in s ta n t tr a
,
, co n c ta o ccu rs a t a p la ce w h ic h is a t a d is t a n ce
(b ) th e H o w is s te a d y e qu a l to
(e ) d is c h a r g e th r o u g h a p ip e i8 con s ta n t (a ) d ia m e te r f th e ń fic e fr o
o o m th e o u t le t o f o r ific e

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

IF C H A N ı
!フ ア 丁 丁 ご
C S
L L
(b ) o n e fo u r th th e d ia m e te r o f th e o r ific e fr o m th e 427 A w e ir in w h ic h th e d o w n s tr e a m w a t e r le v e l o f th e

o u t le t o f o r ific e w e ir n a pp e is M g h e r t h a n th e cre s t , is ca lle d

(c ) o n e t h ir d t h e d ia m e te r o f th e o r ific e fr o n ı th e (a ) s u b m e r g e d w e ir (b ) o v e r flo w in g w e ir
o u tle t o f o r ific e (c ) b r o a d c r e s t e d w e a r (d ) c ip o le tt i w e ir
(d ) tw o t h ir d th e d ia m e te r o f th e o r iñ c e fr o m th e (e ) o g e e w e ir
o u tle t o f o r ific e ific e is
428 D is c h a r g e t h r o u g h a t o t a lly s u bm e r ge d o r
(e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e
d ir e c tly p r o p o r t io n a l t o
F ir e h o s e n o z z le is g e n era lly m a de o f (a ) th e d iffe r e n c e in e le v a t io n o f w a te r s u r fa c e

(a ) d iv e r g e n t s h a p e (b ) c o n v e r g en t sh a p e (b ) th e s q u a re ro o t o f th e d ifk re n c e in e le v a tio n o f
(c ) c o n v e r g e n t d iv e r g e n t s h a p e w a te r s u r fa c e

(d ) c y lin d r ic a l s h a p e (c ) t h e s q u a r e r o o t o f th e a r e a o f th e o p e n in g
(e ) p a r a b o lic s h a p e (d ) r e c ip r o c a l o f th e a r e a o f th e o p e n in g
Ch e z y s e qu a t io n is u se d to d e te m ıin e (e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e
(a ) v e lo c ity o f û o w in o p e n c h a n n e l 429 Th s u r fa c e o f th e w e ir o v e r w h ic h w a te r flo w s
e u pper ,

(b ) v e lo c ity o f flo w in p ip e is k n ow n a s

(e ) H
ww
(c ) ū o w o v e r w e ir s
(d ) d is c h a r g e th r o u g h n o t c h
o w th ro u gh n ıo u th p ie ce
(a ) v e in
(c ) s ill
(e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e
(b ) n
(d ) w
a

e
ppe
ir t o p s u r fa ce

E qu
con s e r v a

(a ) e n e r g y
(c ) m a s s
a

w t io n o

t io
f
n
co n

o f
th ıu it y r e su

.Ea (b ) flo w
(d ) m
lt s fr o m th

tu
e p r in c ip ä 1 o f 430 W D ic h
fo rm

r a
f th e fo llo w in g
o

flo w ?
(a ) flo w th r o u g h
te
a n e x p
re

a n
p r e s e n ts

d in g t u b e
s

a
te

ţ a n
a dy

in
n on

c r e a s in
u n i

syE
om en m

(e ) e n t r o p y (b ) flo w th r o u g h a n e x p a n d in g tu b e a t c o n s t a n t r a te

(c ) flo w th r o u g h a lo n g p ip e a t d e c r e a s in g r a t e
H y dr a u lic g r a d e lin e fo r a n y flo w s y s te m a s com pared
(d ) flo w th r o u g h a lo n g p ip e a t a con s ta n t r a te
to g y lin is

ngi
e n e r e

(a ) a b o v e (b ) b e lo w (e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e

(e ) a t s a m e le v e l 43 1 D ra g is d e fin e d a s t h e fo r c e c o m p o n e n t e x e r t e d o n

nee
d in g lo c ity a n im m e r s e d o b je c t , th e c o m p o n e n t a c t in g in d ir e c
(d ) ın a y b e b e lo w o r a bov e dep e n u p o n v e

f flo w t io n
o

(e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e
(a ) n o r m a l t o flo w d ir e c tio n

Th e ca u se o

(a ) M g h v e lo c ity g r a d ie n t
f tu r b u le n ce in flu id flo w ın a y be
(c ) a t r e s u lt a n t a n g le
rin
(b ) p a r a lle l t o O o w d ir e c tio n

(b ) h ig h R e y n o ld s n u m b e r
(c ) d is c o n t in u ity in v e lo c ity d is t r ib u tio n
432
(d ) r a d ia l t o flo w d ir e c tio n

P dr a g g.n
(e ) o p p o s it e t o ū o w d ir e c t io n
bou d a r y la y e r th is fu
(d ) h ig h fn c tio n a n d s tr e s s in flo w

e
r e ssu r e a s p e r n e o ry n c

t io f

t
n o
fw h de pen ds
Th e m a g n it u d e o a te r a m m e r o n
(a ) s h a p e o f b o d y (b ) d im e n s io n s o f b o d y
(a ) le n g th o f p ip e
(c ) flo w d ir e c tio n (d ) s e p a r a tio n o f flo w
(b ) e la s t ic p r o p e r tie s o f p ip e m a te r ia l ,
(e ) s h a p e o f b o d y a n d s e p a ra tio n o f flo w
(e ) r a t e o f s t o p p a g e o f flo w
433 P r o file d r a g is e qu a l to
(d ) a ll o f th e a b o v e
(a ) fiction d r a g p r e s s u r e d r a g
(e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e
do e s t dep d (b ) p r e s s u r e d r a g fiction d r a g
Th e m a g n it u d e o f w a te r h a m m e r n o e n
(c ) p r e s s u r e d r a g + fr ic t io n d r a g
u p on
(d ) p r e s s u r e d r a g × fr ic tio n d r a g
(a ) t e n ıp e r a tu r e o f flu id
(b ) le n g th o f p ip e pre ssu r e dra g + fiction d r a g
(e )
(c ) e la s t ic p r o p e r tie s o f p ip e m a t e r ia l 2
(d ) tim e o f v a lv e c lo s u r e 434 B lu ff b o d y is th e b o d y o f s u c h a s h a p e t h a t p r e s s u re

(e ) r a te o f s t o p p a g e o f flo w d r a g a s c o m p a r e d t o fr ic t io n d r a g is
W n ic h o f th e fo llo w in g re pre sen ts u n s te a dy u n ifo rm (a ) s a m e (b ) n ıo r e
flo w ? (c ) le s s (d ) z e r o
(a ) flo w th r o u gh a n ex p a n d in g tu b e a t a n in c r e a s in g (e ) n e g lig ib le
ra te 43 6 A b o d y is id t o b e p
s a ro v id e d o p tim u m a m o u n t o f
(b ) n o w th r o u g h a n e x p a n d in g t u b e a t c o n s ta n t r a te s tr e a m lin in g w h :ıı
(c ) n o w th r o u g h a lo n g p ip e a t d e c r e a s in g r a te (a ) fr ic t io n d r a g i s m in irtn u n ı

(d ) flo w th r o u g h a lo n g p ip e a t c o n s t a n t r a te (b ) p r e s s u r e d r a g is m in in ıu m

(e ) a ll o f t h e a b o v e

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

CAL
M ECHANı Eı*O«ıq
h t ra te o f in o ow in to
(d ) s ta te s th a t t e
n e ßm a l
d l
o f fiction
dr a g an
(c ) p r o fıı
e d r a g (i e ,
su m
v o lu m e m u s t be zero

n ıin im
p r e ssu r e dr a g)
is ll m
f th e a bov e
dra g is (e ) n on e o
f fn c t io n d pressu re
in a p ip e
d lo s s in tu r b u le n t flo w
an
(d ) p r o d u c t o
444 H ea
m in im u m e lo c it y
im d pre ssu re d r a g is (o ) v a r ie s d ir e c tly a s v
n ıin
(e ) fiction d r a g is tım a n
u a r e o f v e lo c ity
(b ) v a r ie s in v e r s e ly a s s q
im
m a x u m
l a s s q u a r e o f v e lo c ity
l o r id e a l n ıu s t fu lfill t h e (c ) v a r ie s a p p r o x im a te y
43 6 T h e fı ow o f an y n u id re a ,
t t io n o f p ip e
(d ) d e p e n d s u p o n o r ie n a
,

fo llo w iııg l c ity

(e ) v a r ie s in v e r s e ly a s v e o
(a ) N e w to n s la w o f v is c o s ity
'

1 1 ıe lo s s e s in o p e n c h a n ııe lv a ry a s p r o p o r tio n a lh
(b ) N e w to n s s e c o n d la w o f v is c o s ity
'
446
(b ) 2
o c it y a t b o m
(c ) V e ı d a r y n ıu s t b e z e r o r e la t iv e to th e (a ) v e lo c ity (n
bo u ııd a r y (c ) Jv (d ) 3
(d ) th e co n tin u ity e qu a tio n
1
(e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e (e '
i lv in g
437 T u rbu le n t n o w g e n e r a lly o c c u r s fo r c a s e s n v o dde n p a n s io n a re ex p re s sed
446 T h e lo 8 s e s d u e to su e x

ww
(a ) v e r y s lo w m o tio n s i
(b ) v e r y v s c o u s fıu id s
by
(c ) v e r y n a r r o w p a s s a g e s (d ) a ll o f th e a bov e

吖 时 (b )
时 吖
(e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e (a )
438
(a ) t h e w
In t u r b u le n t n

s in ıila r
s h
la
(b ) flu id p a r tic le s n ıo v e in
m
o w

e a r s tr e s s e s a r e

in a r n ow
.Ea
ge n e ra

a lı o r
lly la r g e

d e r ly m
r

a n n er
th a ıı in a
(c )
(V
2g

9
V2 )
2
(d )
(V
2g

2g
Vz )
2

(c ) m o m e n t u m t r a n s fe r is
(d ) c o h e s io n
tr a n s fe r in
is m ore e f c t i v e th
s in g s h e a r s tr e s s
syE
o n a ırıo ı
e cu

a n
la r s ca

ıııo lııe n
le o n

tu
ly
m
44 7
(e )
W
2g
T h e lo s s e s d u e to su dde n co n tr a c t io n a re ex p r e s s e d by

ngi
ca u

(e ) n on e o f th e a bov e

439 In la m in ar flo w 2g 2g
(a ) th e v e lo c ity is n o c o n s id e r a tio n
(b ) N e w t o n s la w o f v is c o s it y a p p lie s
'

(c ) lo s s e s a r e p r o p o r tio n a l t o s q u a r e o f v e lo c ity
nee (c )
9 2g

(d ) g e n e r a lly o c c u r s h ı p r a c t ic e
(e ) r a r e ly o c c tır s
(e )
2g
rin
44 0 C on tin u it y e qu a t io n c a ıı t a k e th
(b ) P rA
e

1
fo
-
rm

P 2A 2
448 Th e

h y d r a u lic ju m p a r e 1 m a n d 6
h e a d lo s t w ilıb e g.n
d e p t h o f w a t e r b e lo w t h e
m
s p illw
r e s p
a

e c
y a n

t iv e
d
ly
a fte r
The

44 1
(e ) a ll o f th e
T lıe co n tin u ity
a bov
e qu
e

(a ) r e q u ir e s t h a t N e w to n 8 s e c o n d la w o f m o tio n b e
t io n
'
(d ) P ıA 1
V
,
-
P zA z
v
,
(a ) 1 0 4 m
(c ) 1 7 m
(e ) n o n e o f th e
ea bov e
(b ) 5
(d ) 2 0 5
m

m
t
s a tis fie d a t e v e r y p o in t h ı H u id
449 Th e v e lo c ity d is t r i b u t io n fo r flo w b e tw e e n tw o fix e d
p a r a lle l p la t e s
(b ) r e la te s th e m o n ıe n tu n ı p e r u n it v o lu m e fo r tw o
p o h ıt s o n a s t r e a ın lin e
(a ) it co n s ta n t ov er th e cro ss se c t io n

(c ) e x p r e s s e s t h e r e la tio n b e t w e e n d k (b ) is z e ro a t th e p la te s a n d in cre a se s lin e a r ly t o th e

e n e r gy a n w or
(d ) r e la te s m a s s r a te o f llo w a lo n g m id p la n e
a s tr e a m lin e
(e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e (c ) v a r ie s p a r a b o lic a lly a c r o s s th e s e c t io n
442 C on tin u ity tio la te s (d ) is z e r o in m id d le a n d in c r e a s e s lin e a r ly to w a r ds
e qu a n re

(a ) c o n s e r v a t io n o f m a s s a n d m o n ıe n t u th e p la t e s
m
(b ) e n e r g y a ııd w o r k (e ) n on e o f th e se

(c ) fr ic t io n a l lo s s e s 460 B em o u lli' s t h e o r e n ı is a p p lic a b le fo r

(d ) m a s s r a t e o f flo w a lo n g a s t r e a m lin (a ) s t r e a n ııin e n o w (b ) s t e a d y n o w

e
(e ) s h e a r s t r e s s in t u r b u le n t flo w (c ) t u r b u le n t flo w (d ) n o r m a l flo w
443 11 ıe co n t in u ity e t io in n id H
(e ) p e r fe c t in c o m p r e s s ib le O u id flo w in g in co n ti
qu a n u ow
n u o u s s tr e a n ıs
(a ) s ta t e s t h a t e n e rgy is con s ta ııt a lo n g a s tr e a ııılin e
461 T he s h e a r s tr e s s in a n id D in g in r o u rıd p ip
(b ) s ta te s t h a t e n e rgy is co n s ta iıt ev e ry w h e re in t h e
u o w a e

fluid (a ) is co n s ta n t ov er th e cro ss se c t io n

to ir r o t a tio l flo ly (b ) is z e ro a t th e w a ll a n d in cr e a s e s lin ]y t o t h e

(c ) a p p 1īle s n a w o n e a r

ce n tr e

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

Ą U ID M E C H A N ı
CS n
J

(c ) is z e r o a t c e n tr e a n d v a r ie s lin e a r ly w ith ra d iu e (b ) a r e a d iv id e d b y s q u a r e o f w e tt e d p e r im e te r
(d ) v a r ie s p a r a b o lic a lly a c r o s s th e s e c t io n (c ) a r e a d iv id e d b y w e 忱e d p e r in ıe t e r
(e ) u n p r e d ic t a b le (d ) s q u a r e r o o t o f a r e a (e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e
462 W h ic h on e is th e co r r e ct s ta te t ? t a te m
m en 460 P ic k u p th e corr e c t s en t
(a ) H y d r a u lic g r a d e lin e sh ou ld a lw a y s be a bov e th e (a ) v e n tu r im e te r is m o re a ccu ra te th a n n o z z le
ce n tr e lin e o fco d u it i, bu t
n
(b ) n o z z le h a s sa m e a ccu ra cy a s v en tu r

(b ) H y d r a u lic g r a d e lin e sh o u ld a lw a y s b e b e lo w th e pre s su r e lo s s is m ore a n d th e co s t is lo w

t r e lin f c o n d u it
ce n e o
(c ) p r e s s u r e lo s s in b o th is s a ın e
(c ) H y d r a u lic g r a d e lin h o u ld
e s a lw a y s th e p a ra lle l (d ) v e n tu r im e te r h a s n o r e s t r ic tio n on a v a ila b ility
t o th e cen tr e lin e o f c o n d u it o f s tr a ig h t le n g th
(d ) H y d r a u lic g r a d e lin e ın a y be a bov e or b e lo w th e (e ) n o z z le h a s n o r e s tr ic tio n o n a v a ila b ility o f
cen t r e liń e o f c o n d u it s t r a ig h t le n g th
(e ) n on e o f th e a bov e 46 1 te r is d to
R o ta m e u s e n ıe a s u r e

453 A liq u id je t fr o m le d to (b ) flo w

a n o z z ex p o se a tn ıo s ph ere (a ) r o t a tio n
tr a v e rse s a lo n g (d ) v e lo c ity
(c ) p r e s s u r e
(a ) a s tr a ig h t lin (b ) a c ir c u la r p a th

ww
e
(e ) v is c o s it y
(c ) a n e llip tic a l p a th (d ) p a r a b o lic p a th 462 The m o s t e co n om ic a l se c t io n o f a tr a p e z o id a l c h a iı

(e ) h y p e r b o lic p a th n e l fo r m ax im u m d is c h a r ge is o b t a in e d w h en

4 54 In la
v a r ie
m

s
w in a r flo w th r o

(a ) lin e a r ly a s th e v is c o s ity
(b ) in v e r s e ly a s th e p r e s s u r e d r o p
u gh a rou n

.Ea
d t u b e th ,
e d is c h a r g e (a ) h y d r a u lic d e p th . H a lf o f d e p t h
(b ) h a lf o f t o p w id th . s lo p in g s id e
(c ) le n g th a t p e r p e n d ic u la r s fr o m
w id th to b o tt o m a n d s lo p in g s id e
cen

s a re e
tr e
q u a
o f to p
l
(c ) a s th e c u b e o f th e d ia m e t e r
(d ) in v e r s e ly a s th e v is c o s ity
(e ) d ir e c t ly a s t h e s t a tic h e a d
syE 463
(d ) a ll o f th
W ħe
it w
n

ill s h
v e n

ow
tu
e a

r in ıe
bov e

te r is in c lin e
(e ) n
d , th
on e o

e n
f th e
fo r a
a bo v

g iv e n
e

ū ow

465 If p is d e n s it y
w a te r h a e r
o f flu id , t h
is d ir e c t ly p r o p
en pre ssu re o

o r tio n a l to
f n u id d u e to

ngi (a ) le s s r e a d in g
(c ) B a n ıe r e a d in g
(b ) m o r e r e a d in g
(d ) h ıa c c u r a te r e a d in g

(a ) p (b )
nee
4 64
(e ) e r r o n e o u s r e a d in g
The
su bm
v er

er g d i
en
c o m p o n e n t o f fo r c e o n a c u r v e d s u r fa
tic a l
a s t a tic h q u id is e q u a l t o t h e
ce

(c ) h
1
(d ) p z (a ) m a

rin
s s o f th e liq u id a b o v e t h e c u r v e d s u r fa c e

(b ) w e ig h t o f th e liq u id a b o v e th e c u r v e d s u r fa c e

466
(e '

Th e m a g n it u d e o f r is e o f p r e s su r e du e to w a te r
a re a

(d ) p r o d u c t
o

f pr e s su re g.n
(c ) p r o d u c t o f p r e s s u r e o f C G m u ltip lie d b y th e
f th e cu rv e d s u r fa
t C G
ce

lt ip lie d b y t h

e
o a m u e
h e r in a r ig id a n d n on e la s t ic p ip e c a r r y in g
s u r fa c e
a m m d
p r o je c t e d a r e a o f th e

t
cu r v e
w a te r o f d e n s it y p a n d b u lk m o d u le s k w ill b e e q u a l
466 T w op ip e lin e s a t d iffe r e n t p r e s s m e s p A a ııd p p e a c h
to
c a iT Jń n g th e s a m e liq u id a t s p e c ifi c g r a v ity S u a r e
c o n n e c t e d t o a U t u b e w ith a liq u id o f s p e c ilic g r a v
(a ) (b )
ity 5 2 r e s u ltin g in th e le v e l d iffe r e n c e s h r l 2 a n d h ,
a s s h o w n in th e fig u r e b e lo w T h e d ifï e r e n c e in p r e s
su re h e a d b e tw e en p o in t s A a n d B in t e r n ıs o fhead
o fw a t e r is
(e ) k p
467 Sepa r a t io n o ccu rs w hen
(o ) th e v e lo c ity o f s o u n d is r e a c h e d
(b ) th e b o u n d a r y la y e r c o m e s to r e s t
〒
(c ) t h e c r o s s s e c tio n o f a c h a n n e l is r e d u ce d
ら
(d ) th e p r e s s u r e r e a c h e s a m in im u m 土
(e ) a ll o f th e a b o v e
468 The v a lu f c o e ffic ie n t
e o o f v e lo c it y co m pa re d to c o e
fic ie n
(a ) is le s s
t o f d is c h a r g e

(c ) h a s n o r e la t io n
(b ) is
(d ) is
m ore

s a n ıe
ţS
- S ,

(e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e
P
469 Th e hydra u lic r a d iu s is ßiv e n b y h 2S h .S (b ) h r s r + h tș H aS
(a ) h , S .
+ 1
+ . . .

(a ) w tte d p e r in ıe te r d iv id e d b y a re a
h. S h as (d ) h ì S 1 + h aș + h s
e
(c ) h r b r z 1 a a じ

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ĺı*
* + 4+
* 4 * 2
M E C H A N IC A L E N G ı

(b ) p o ūD
N EE

2 /p
R Ih n

ı e l in e c Ĺ ; U U
(a ) p to p /D
g h t u r b u le n t flo w in a p p ,
ıu L
466 In a rou
(c ) p m p D 2 (d ) p co p D
to r w o u ld d e p e n d u p o n
(b ) p ip e d ia m e te r T h e fo llo w in g t e r m la t e t o n t in g b o d ie s
(a ) v e lo c ity o f flo w 4 72 s re o a

(c ) ty p e o f fı u id flo w in g (d ) p ip e c o n d itio n a n d C en tr e o f gr a v ity G

p ip e d ia m e t e r M e ta ce n tr e M

W e ig h t o f flo a t in g b o d y W

7
e a s ln g
B u o ya n t fo r c e F a

M a t c h L is t 1 w ith L is t II a n d se le c t t h e se c o rr e
ct
a n sw e r

L ie t I L ie t II

(C o n d itio n ) (R esu lt )
A G is a bov e M 1 S t a b le e q u ilib r iu m

Lo g R B G a n d M c o in c id e 2 U n s t a b le e q ilib r iu
u m
.

467
u m
ww
In tu r b o m
e ūow
d iffe r e n
a c h in e r

ra te , d e n s
y , th e r e le v a n tpa
ity , v is c o s ity , b u lk
p t io n ,
ra m

m
e te r s a e
o d u lu

ta tio n
s , pre
ls p e e d
v o l
s
C
D F
C
G is b e lo w M

d
a
W
B C
3

4
F lo
N e u
a

D
t in g b o d y

t r a l e q u ilib r iu m

w
su re ce , p ow e r co n su m ro a o e ß A
a n d a c h a r a c te r is t ic d im e n s io n A d in g t o
c c o r
(a ) 1 3 2 4
B k in g h a m p i (n ) th e o r e m th e
u c
,

d e n t n o n d im e n s io n a l g r o u p s fo
(a ) 3
.Ea n u m

r th is
ber
ca se
o f in d e p e n

is
(b )
(c )
3

2 3
1 4
4
2
1

syE
(b ) 4
(c ) 5 (d ) 6 (d ) 2 4 1 3
468 L is t I g iv 4 d im e n s io n le s s be r s 4 73 F o r fu lly d e v e lo p e d la m in a r flo w t h r o u h a i
es n u m a n d L is t II g iv e s g p p e th e
th e ty p e o f fo r c e s w h ic h a r e o n e o f t h e c o n tit

d e s c r ib in g th e n u m b e r s M a t c h L is t I w it h
a n d s e le c t t h e c o r r e c t a n s w
s u te n t s

L is t II
ngi v o

m
lu
e a
m e t r ic flo w

n in g )
is g iv e n b y (s y m b o ls h a v e th e u s u l
a

nReeĹ )
e r u s in g th e c o d e s
g iv e n
b e lo w th e lis ts
L is t I L ie t II

r
A E

ÏÏ
u le r n u m be r 1 P re ssu r e fo rce

rin R C(c ) 4
(d ) 4
)
D W
. ch n u m

e bbe r
be r
n u m ber
3
4
v is c o
S u r fa
u s

ce
fo r c e
te n s io n
474

g.n
A P
o f a
ra n

n
d t 1 P ito t tu b e w
u id o f s p e c ific
a s u s e

gr a v
d to
ity 8
m

1
e a su re

T h e
th
d iffe
e v e lo c ity

re n t ia l

et te it h
m a n o m
5 E la s tic fo r c e
e r , w a flu id o f s p e c ific g r a v it y S
z ,

C de
c o n n e c te d t o th e P it o t t u b e r e c o d d
o s A B C r e a le v e l d iĦb r e n c e
D a s h T h e v e lo c it V is i
(a ) 2 3
y g v e n b y th e e x pre s s io n
4 5
(b ) 3 2 4 5
(c ) 2 1 3 4
(d ) l 2 5 4
469 In a p ip e flo w th
h e a d lo s t d u e t o fr ic t i
e
,
o n of6 m If
th e p o w e r tr a n s i
m tt e d t h r o u h t h e ip e h a s to b e
g p
th e m a x im u m th e n th e t o t a l h e d
, a a t th e in le t o f th
e
P ip e w ill h a v e t û b e m a in t i d
a n e a t
(a ) 3 6 m
(b ) 3 0 m
(c ) 2 4 m
(d ) 1 8 m (a ) Ą2 g h (S , /S z
470 If H ie th e to t a l h
1) (b ) S Z /S ı
L)
e a d a t in le t a
n d lı is th e h
e a d lo s t (c )
d u e to fr ic t io n
, e ffic ie n c
1
y o f p o w e r t r a n s m is s io
Ą2 g h ts r Sz) (d ) J2 g h (S z S r)
th r o u g h a s t r a i h n
4 75 T h
g t p ip e is g iv e n b e ex pre s s io n (p 2
(a ) W
y + pg z + p u /2 ) c o m m o n ly u se d to
h )ıH B
(b ) H I(H + h ) e x pre ss e rn o u lli s'
e q u a tio n , h a s u n it s o f
,
(a ) to t a l e n e rgy p e r u n it m
l
a ss
1
471 A d im e n e io n le s s g r o u p fo r m e d (b ) t o t a l e n it
W ith t h e v a r ia
e r gy p e r u n w e ig h t
b le p
(d e 】m ity ) (o (a n g u la r v e lo c ity )
s
(c ) t o t a l e n it
, p ( y n
, d a m ic v is c o s ity )
e r gy p e r u n v o lu m e
a n d D (c h a r a c te r is tic d i (d ) t o t a l e n
a m e te r ) is e r gy p e r u n it cr o s s s e c tio n a la re a o f flo w

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

CS
D M EC H A N ı
LUı

4 76 M a t c h L is t I w it h L is tL II a n d s e le c t t h e c o r r e c t (b ) V - D 2 fo r a ll d ia m e te rs
1
u z 2 fo r ll D
a n sw er
(e ) V - D ib r la r g e D a n d V - D sm a
, 1
L is t I L is t n Z fo r la r g e D a d V D r/2 fo ll D
(d ) V 1
- D n
1
- r sm a

P ro p e r t ie s o f p lłid s ) (D e fin itio n ıR esu ı

ts ) 481 In th e r e g io n o f th e b o u n d a r y la y e r n e a r e s t t o t h e

A Id e a l fı
u id 1 V is c o s ity d o e s n o t w a ll w h e r e v e lo c ity is n o t e q u a l t o z e r o th e v is c o u ,
s

ch a n ith te f fo r c e s a r e
ge w ra o
(a ) o f th e sa m e o r der o f m a g n itu d e a s th e in e r tia l
d e fo r m a t io n
fo r c e s
B N e w to n ia n flu id 2 F lu id o fzero v is c o s ity
C
(b ) m o r e t h a n in e r tia l fo r c e s
up
ı 3 D yn a m is c o s ity
ic v
(c ) le s s th a n in e r tia l fo r c e s
D M e r c u ry in g la s s 4 C a p illa ry d e p r e s s io n
(d ) n e g lig ib le
5 K in e m a t ic is c o s ity
v
482 W n ic h o n e o f t h e fo llo w in g s ta t e m e n ts is co rr e c t ?
6 C a p ilı
a ry r is e
H y dr o dy n a m e n n c e le n g th fo r
ic tr a
C o d e s A B C D b u le
(a ) la m in a r flo w is g r e a te r t h a n th a t fo r t u r n t
(a ) 1 2 4 6 flo w
(b ) 1 2 3 4 (b ) t u r b u le n t flo w is g r e a te r th a n th a t fo r la m in a r

(c )
(d )
ww 2
2
1
1
3
5
6
4
flo w

(c ) la m in a r flo w is e q u a l t o th a t fo r t u r b u le n t flo w
(d ) a g iv e n flo w c a n b e d e t e r m in e d o n ly if t h e

w
477 L is t I g iv e s t h e d iffe r e n t it e m la t e d t o a b o u n d a r y s re
la y e r w h ile L is t II g iv e s t h e P r a n d tl n u m b e r is k n o w n
t h e m a t ic a l e x p r e s m a

s io n s M a t c h L is t I w it h L is t II a n d s e le c t t h e c o r
r e e t a n s w e r u s in g th e c o d e s g iv e n

(s y m b o ls h a r e t h e u s u a l n ıe a n in g )
b e lo w th e lis t s
.Ea 483 M

A
a t c h L is t I

R
L is t I
ld s
w ith L iB t I I

ber
a n

1
d se le c t t h
L is t I I
P ilm c o e ffic ie n t p ip e
e c o rr e c t

syE
e y n o n u m ,

L is t I L is t I I d ia m e te r th e r ın a l ,

A B d a r y la y e ðu c o n d u c t iv ity
o u n r 1 y -
,
-
L
0 99 【
B P d tl n ber 2 F lo w lo c ity t ic

ngi
t h ic k n ra n u m v e a co u s
e s s ,

v e lo c it y
B D is p la ce m en t th ic k n e s s .
ľl 1 dy C N u s se lt n u m ber 3 H e a t c a p a c ity , d y n a m ic

C M o m en h u n t h ic k n e ss 3 r 1 dy nee D M a ch n u m be r 4
v

Fı
is c o s it y , t h e r m a l
c o n d u c t iv it y

ow v e lo c ity p ip e

rin
,

d ia m e te r k in e m a t ic

ł
;
,
'
is c o s it y
D E g y t h ic k n e s s °
ĺ ' dy
v

g.n
n e r
C o d e s A B C

C o d e s A B C D (a ) 4 1 3 2
(b )

e
3 4 4 3 1 2
(a ) 1 2

t
3
(c ) 2 3 1 4
(b ) 2 1 4
(d ) 2 1 3 4
(c ) 2 1 3 4
484 A r e c ta n g u la r w a t e r t a n k fu ll t o th e b r im h a s it s
(d ) 1 2 4 3 , ,

le n g th b r e a d t h a n d h e ig h t in th e r a tio o f 2
, 1 : 2
478 A la d a r y la y e r o c c u r s o v e r a n a t p la t e a t
n ıin a r bou n T h e r a tio o f h y d r o s t a t ic fo r c e s a t th e b o tt o m t o th a t
z e r o in c id e n e flo w T h e t h ic k n e s s o f b o u n d a ry
t o th
ce a t a n y la r g e r v e r t ic a l s u r fa c e is
la y e r a t a s e c tio n 2 m fr o m th e le a d in g e d g e is 2 ın m
(a ) 2 (b ) 1
T h e th ic k n e s s o f b o u n d a r y la y e r a t a s e c tio n 4 m fr o m
(c ) 2 (d ) 4
th e le a d in g e d g e w ill b e
485 M a t c h L is t I (fı u id p r o p e r tie s ) w ith L is t II (r e la te d
(a ) 2 × (2 y m m (b ) 2 × (2 )o 2 m m
te r m s ) a n d s e le c t th e c o r r e c t a n s w e r
(c ) 2 × (2 )4 /6 m m (d ) 2 × (2 )" 6 m m
L is t I L is t II
4 79 The d e l o f a p r o p e lle r , 3 m
m o m c r u is in g
in d ia e te r ,

l A C a p illa r it y 1 C a v it a t io n
a t 1 0 m /s in a ir is t e s t e d in a w i n d t u n n e o n a 1 : 10
,

s c a le m o d e l I f a th r u s t o f 5 0 N is m e a s u r e d o n th e B V a pou r pre s su re 2 D en s ity o fw a te r

m o d e l a t 5 m /s w in d s p e e d t h e n t h e t h r u s t o n th e
,
C V is c o s ity 3 Shea r fo r c e s
p r o t o ty p e w ill b e D S p e c ific g r a v ity 4 S u r fa ce te n s io n
(a ) 2 0 0 0 0 N (b ) 2 , 0 0 0 N C o d A B C D
, e s
(c ) 5 0 0 N (d ) 2 0 0 N (a ) 1 4 2 3
48 0 F lid s p h e r e fa llin g v e r t ic a lly d o w n w a r d s u n d e r
or so (b ) 1 4 3 2
g r a v it y in a v is c o u s flu id , th e t e r m in a l v e lo c ity V 1 ,
(c ) 4 1 2 3
v a r ie s w it h d ia m e te r D o f th e s p h e r e a s
' '

(d ) 4 1 3 2
u z f l l d i
(a ) V o c D ,
o r a a m e te r s

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

M EC HA Nı
CA L ENGI
NE
42 回国 C d e s A B C D
t o
d le c t th e co rre c
486 M tc h L is t I w ith L is t I I a n se
3 4 2
a
(a ) 1
a n sw e r
1 2 3 4
L ie t I
L is t n (b )
b e r s) 2 3 4 1
(D im e n s io n le s s n u m (c )
(p r e d o m in a n t fo r c e )
2 4 3 1
1 E le r be r (d )
p r e s s ib ility fo r c e
u n u m
A C om
P d tl n ber F lo w t io is ca u se d by
B G ra v ity fo rc e 2 ra n u m 491 s e p a ra n

fpressu t o lo c a l v
C S u r fa ce te n s io n fo r c e 3 M a ch n u m be r (a ) r e d u c t io n o re a p o u r p r e s s lu
e

fo r c e 4 R eyn ld s n u m ber (b ) a n e ga tiv e p re ssu re g r a d ie n t

D V is c o u s o

5 W e ber n u m ber (c ) a p o s itiv e p r e s s u r e g r a d ie n t

(d ) th in n in g o f b o u n d a w la y e r t h ic k n e s s to z e r
C o de s A B C D o

4 92 Th h
e n o r m a l s t r e s s is t e s a m e in a ll d ir e c tio n
(a ) 1 2 3 4 s ata
i t in a flu id o n ly w h en
(b ) 3 2 5 4 po n

(a ) th e flu id is ficţ ionless

()
c 3 1 4 5
(b ) th e fı u id is fn c tio n le s s a n d in c o n ı p r e s s ib le
(d ) 2 3 5 1
(c ) th e flu id h a s z e r is c o s it y a n d is a t r e st

ww
o v
487 I n th e c o n t e x t o f p e r fo m ıa n c e e v a lu a t io n o f I C
(d ) o n e O u id la y e r h a s n o m o tio n r e la tiv e to an
E n g in e , m a tc h L is t I w it h L is t II a n d s e le c t t h e
a d ja ce n t la y e r
co rre ct a n sw e r

A B
(P a
r a
w
L is t I
ra m

ke p
e te r

ow er
)
(B H P ) 1 B
.Ea
(E q u ip m e n

o m
L ie t I I
t

b
fo r
ca
m

lo r im
ea su rgm

e te r
en t)
493 A h
fu ll t o t h
The
on a
o u se

e
w a t e r t a n k is m a d e o f fla t p la te s a n d is
to p
b r im I t s h e ig h t is t w ic e t h a t o f a n y s id e
r a t io o f fo r c e o n t h e b o tt o n ı o f th e t a n k to th a t

n y s id e w ill b e

syE
B E n g in e sp e e d 2 E le c tr ic a l t a c h o te
n ıe r
(a ) 4 (b ) 2
C C a lo r ific v a lu e o f fu e l 3 H y dr a u lic
dyn a m om e te r
494 A r ig h t c ir c u la lin d e r ,
o p e n a t t h e t o p is filled w ith
r cy
D E xh a u st em is s io n s 4 F la m

d e t e c to r
e io n is a tio n

ngi liq u id o f
la t iv e d e n s ity 1 2 I t is r o t a t e d a b o u t its
r e

v e r tic a l a x is a t s u c h a s
p e e d t h a t h a lf t h e liq u id s p ills

nee
C o de s A B C D o u t T h e p r e s s u r e a t t h e c e n t r e o f t h e b o tt o m w ill b e

(a ) 3 1 2 4 (a ) z e r o
(b ) 4 2 1 3 (b ) o n e fo u r th o f th e v a lu e w h e n th e cy lin d e r w as

(c )
(d )
3
2
2
3 4
1 4
1
fu ll

rin
(c ) h a lf o f th e v a lu e w h e n t h e c y lin d e r w a s fu ll
488 A la r g e
(a ) im p r o v
m e ta
e s
cen

s ta
tr ic h e ig h t in
b ility a n d m a
a v e s se

ke s p
l
e r io d ic tim e to
495 M a t c h L is t I w it h L is t II r e a r d in
g g.n
(d ) n o t d e t e r n ıin a b le fr o m t h e g iv e n d a t a

g a b o d y p a r tly

e
su b m e r g e d in a liq u id a i ıd s e le c t t h e c o r r e c t a n s w e r
o s c illa tio n lo n
ger
( ) m p a ir s s ta b ility
b i
o s c illa t io n s h o r te r

(c ) h a s
o s c illa
n o

tio n
efect on s
a n d

t a b ility
m a

o r
ke

th
s

e
p e r io d ic

p e r io d ic t im
tim e

e o
o f

f
u

A
s in g th e c o d e s

C
L is t I
en tr e
g iv e n b e lo w th e lis t s

o fp
L is t II
r e s s u r e 1 P
th
o in t
e w
t
f a p p lic a tio n
o

e ig h t o f d is p la
of

ced
(d ) im p r o v e s s ta b ility a n d k e s t h e p e r io d ic t im
m a e liq u id
o f o s c illa t io n s h o r te r B C e n tr e o f gr a v ity 2 P o in t a bo u t w h ic h tb e
489 F o r a n ir r o t a tio n a l flo w t h e v e lo c ity p o t e t ia l lin
, n e s bo dy s ta r ts o s c illa tin g
a n d th e s tr e a m lin e s a r e a lw a y s
ll
(a ) p a r a lle l to e a c h o t h e r (b ) c o la n w h e n tilte d b y a sm a
p a r
(c ) o r th o g o n a l t o e a c h o th e r a n g le
(d ) in c lin e d to th e h o r iz o n t a l C C e n tr e o fbu o 3 P in t f a p p lic a t io n o f
y a n cy o o

4 90 M a t c h L is t I ith L is t II a n d s e le c t t h e
w h y dr o s t a tic fo r c e
co r r e c t
a n s w e r u s in D M ta f a p p lic a tio n o f
g th e c o d e s g iv e n b e lo w th e L is t s e ce n tr e 4 p o in t o
L ie t I d
L ie t n th e w e ig lıt o f th e b o y
(M e a s u r in
g d i e) (P a r a m e te r m e a s u r e d ) C o d A B
e u c e s C D
A A n e iııo m e t e r (a )
1 F lo w r a t e 4 3 1 2
B P ie z o n ıe te r (b )
2 V e lo c it y 4 3 2 1
C Ħ to t tu b e 3 S t a t ic r e s s u r (c ) 3
p e
4 1 2
D O r ific e 4 D iĦb r e n c e b e t (d ) 3 4
w e en 2 1
s t a tic a n d s t a n 4 96 A bu ck e t o fw If a iı
g a t io n a te r h a n g s m Lt h a s p ń n g b a la i ıc e
pre ssu re ir o n p ie c e is s u s d e d in t o a t e r fr o m a n o tb e r
p e n w

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

su p p o r t w ith o u t to u c h in g t h e a id e s f th e b u c k e t , th e SOS
o In th e d e s ig n f d e e p d iv in g s u b n ıe r s ib le a , t h e m a
o
s p r in g b a la n ce w ill s h o w
jo r q r e u ir e a r e m in in ıtı
n ıe n te m w e ig h t fo r b u o y a n c y
(a ) a n in c r e a s e d r e a d in g a n d m a x in ıu m s t r e n g th fo r p r e s s u r e T h e id e a l c h o ic e
(b ) a d e m e a e e d r e a d in g fo r th ia p u r p o s e w o u ld b e a s p e r fo ı lo w in g p a r t o f
(c ) n o c h a n g e in r e a d in g F ig B e lo w
(d ) in c r e a s e d o r d e c r e a s e d
r e a d in g d e p e n d in
g o n th e
d e p th o f iın m e r s io n
497 If t h e s u r fa c e t e n s io n o f w a t e r a ir in t e r fa c e i
e
0 0 7 3 N /m t h e g a u g e p r e s s u r e in s id e a r a in d
, r op of
1 d ia m e te r w ill b e
2
(a ) 0 1 4 6 N /ın (b ) 7 3 N /m 2
(c ) 1 4 6 N /m 2 (d ) 2 9 2 N /n ı2
408 The lo c ity in la m in a r flo w be co m q u a l t o th e
v e e s e (A ) (B ) (C )
a v e ra g e v e lo c
it y a t fo llo w in g r a d iu s fr o m th e c e n t r e Ve sse lo f ı
n te rs e c tin g C o n ic a l
o f a i
p p e (o f r a d iu s ' )
o

(a ) ' o /2 (b ) ' o /J į

499
(e ) r . ı4 a
F ig B e lo w ww sh o w s th re e p ip
(d ) 2 r
e s
J
T h e e q u iv a le n t d ia m

e t e r s o f th

(a ) B
(c ) A
»

>
w C
B
e se

>

>
A
C
p ip e s in d e sce n

.Ea
d in g o r d e r
(b ) B > A > C
(d ) A > C > B
w ill b e

T h ic k y lin d e

syE
ip s o id a ıv e
E lı sse l c r

(a ) A (b ) B
/Ï
(c ) C (d ) D

B L
ngi 604
(e ) E
F ig B e lo w s h o w s t h e r e la t iv e v a lu e s o f a b s o lu t e
v is c o s it y o f s o m e im p o r t a n t
liq u id s /g a s e s a n d h o w

S qu
L
a re T "
L

?
le R e c ta n
L
gı
e
nee t h e s e v a r y w ith t e m p e r a u r
fo r a ir , g ly c e r r ı c r u
i d e o il
t
a n
e

d
T h e c u r v e s a p p lic a b le
w a t e r r e s p e c t iv e ly a r e

600 A la r g e s t o n e
im m e r s e d in
w e ig h t s 1 0 0 k g in a ir a n d w h e n it is
t e r , it w e ig h t s 6 0 k g I t s s p e c
ific
rin
g.n
w a

w e ig h t is
3
(a ) 1 5 0 0 k g /m
3 (b ) 2 0 0 0 k g /n ı

e
a
(c ) 2 5 0 0 k g fm
3 (d ) 3 0 0 0 k g lm

60 1 It is d e s ir e d t o p r e d ic t t h e p r e s
a ir d u c t A m o d e

s io n s o n e t e n t h t

u s e d a s th e t e s t
s u r e d r o p in a

l i8 c o n s t r u c t e d w it h lin e a r
h o s e o f th e p r o t o t y p e a n
n u id If w a t e r is 1 0 0 0
d
d i
la r g e
m en

w a e r is
t
t im e s d e n s e r
f a ir d e
t
t im e s th e v is c o s it y o 口
t h a n a ir a n d h a s 1 0 0
,

f th e
d r o p in th e p r o t o ty p e o r
t e m ıiııe t h e p r e s s u r e f 1 k gí
re s su r e dr o p o
n d in g t o a p
c o n d it io n c o r r e s p o

c n ı in t h e m o d e
2 l Te m pe ra tu re
, / 2
k /
/ 2 (b ) 0 0 1 n w ' "

(a ) 0 0 0 1 g c ıMn . . .
2 (a ) D A B C (b ) C B A D
(d ) 1 0 k g /c n ı
, ,
,
2 ,

(c ) 0 1 k g fc m (c ) A D B C (d ) B C D A
tr u c t e d t o , ,

f s h ip is t o b e c o n s , , ,

502 A m o d e l o f t h e h u ll o a (e ) D A C B
ı ; t i tic s Y t h e s h ip in '
ch a ra c er s
506 A
,

c h a n n e l is
, ,

4 m w id e a n d 2 m de e p T h e ra te o f flo w
a T h e flo w is
ie 2 0 m /s e c
h ip tin g (b ) c r it ic a l
b ta da ;a fo r s o p era
(a ) s u b c r itic a 1
d e l b e o p e r a te d to o
n
m o (d ) d a t a ie in su ffic ie n t
(c ) s u p e r c r itic a 1
a t 1 0 0 k m /h r V t c h is d o u b le d , th e
d to n o
If th e d e p th o f fı
te c o n ıp a r e ow ov e r a
d w ith se a w a r
608
T o w h ıg t a n k is fılle ıo d e l w ill
d T h e spee d a r ıd fo r c e on n
n o w w ill n
i c r e a s e

p r o t o t y p e n ıo e (b ) 4 tin ıe s
be
(o ) 2 tim e s
(d ) 5 6 tim e s
(c ) 4 8 t in ıe s

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

M ECHA Nı
CA L ENG ı
N E ERI
N￠
507
m u m h y d r a u lic e ffic ie i ıc y , th e h y d r a u lic ra d iu s, R
an d t h e le n g th o f th e s id e , 1 s h o u ld b e

(a ) a n d d re s p e c t iv e ly
屡

d 42
(b ) a n d d r e s p e c t iv e ly
4 3

(c ) a n d d re s p e c tiv e ly

A tr a p e z o id a l o p e n c h a n n e l h a s th d
e c r o s s s e c tio n a s
s h o w n in t h e g iv e n F i
(d ) a n d d re s p e c t iv e ly
g A b o v e In o r d e r t o h a v e m a x i 2 3

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

囲 一 回
回 一 回
回 一

回 一

回 一 囲
回 一

回 一

回 3牴
一
一
3阻 囲
39义
回
囲 40伙
40只
回
4 1只
回
回 424 囲

ww 回
回
2
0

w 阁 8 甘

囲 6

.Ea 一
一

摩
4
2

syE 団
囲
盼

ngi 甘 甘

回
国
■
E X P L A N A T Q R Y 1N O T E S
nee
2 15 I f V is lu m e f e ta l a n d × th e fr a c t io n u n der

rin
m
A s d e n s it y o f a t m ph v a r ie s w it h a lt it u d e v o o
104 o s e r e
m e rcu ry th e n
d e c r e a s e is n o t lin e a r

t a in in g ly th flu id x v 7
te d 0 5 15

g.n
e
1 13 It is a n d in a r y m
o r a n o n ıe r con o n a n x

s it iv e V 13 6
in co n d u it a n d t h u s v e ry s e n

V 216 If V is t o t a l v o lu m e o f w o o d , a n d S it s s p Gr a v it y
14 3 W e ig h t in a ir W e ig h t in w a te r + p ×
d e r w a te r th e n

e
a n d if V is v o lu m e u n
or 3 = 2 5 + 10 0 0 × V

o r ,

S G
V

=
=

10 0 0

6
448 H e a d lo ss
V
V

in h y d r a
S
1

u lic
or

ju m p
S ・

(7 i
10 0

4 y 17 2
y2)
2
0 6

t
V 0 5 × 10 0 0
× p a t X K in F ig B e lo w , t h e n e t
465 C o n s id e r in g th e d a t u m
F de N o o f m o de l
16 3 F ro u de N o o f p r o t o ty p e = ro u
p r e s s u r e o n l e R s id e i s pA h 15 1

V V V (a s g g ) (t h e p r e s s u r e d u e t o in v e r t e d p o r tio n b e in g e q u a l)

10 V

m Ąi 0 0 ll2 5
10 V 2 /s e c
or a n d v = m
10 2
X X
d delh to b e s a m e
165 R e yn o ld n o o f p r o t o ty p e a n m o a s
t

ļ
5 × 1 25 × l (p -
p )
'
- S ,
P P

5 5
. 1 5 1

t '
25

e i s g i ve n th e en d .
nd i ca t e a
I
t ha t ex p l an a t o r y no t at

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

: C H

an d n e t p r e s s u r e o n r iB h t s id e + h .5 + h 25 403 F o rce a t b o tt o m -
pg A × 2 1ı
-
pa 1 2
PA P a
-
h ,
+ h ts z
+ h as ,
P o rce a t e id e o f ta n k -
Pg A ×
21

466 F ig In q 4 6 6 i8 a p lo t o f lo g (fr ic t io n fa c to r T ) a n d
lo g (R e y n o ld s n u n ıb e r ' R e ' ) It w o u ld b e e e e n th a t fo r R a tio o f fo r c e s a t b o 忱o m to s id e = 2
s m o o th tu r b u le n t n o w , f v a r ie s in v e r e e ly a s R e W h a lf th e liq u id is s p ille d , t h e r e w ill b e
4 94 n en
B u t in c a se of r o u g h p ip e s , b e h a v io u r c h a n g e s d e u id c e n t r e b e c a u s e in s u c h a c a s e th e h e
a t
p e n d in g o n v a lu e o f r e la tiv e s m o o th n e s e ı/k (r a d iu s /
p a r a b o lo id fo r m e d i8 h a lf a b o v e a n d h a lf b e lo w t
he
av era g e d ia
m e te r o f s a n d p a r tic le s ) liq u id le v e l a t r e s t T h u s p r e s s u r e a t th e c e n tr e
of
T h u s fr ic t io n fa c t o r f fo r r o u g h tu r b u lu e n t flo w in a b o tt o m w ill b e z e r o
p ip e d e p e n d s u p o n p ip e c o n d itio n a n d p ip e d ia m e te r 496 W n a te v e r ig h t o f ir o n p ie c e b u o y a n c y fo r
is th e w e
ce
t o B a r n e e x t e n t a c t s u p w a r d a n d t h u s s p r in g b a la n c
F r ic t io n fa c t o r fo r la 64 e
in n f ie it is o n w h ic h w a t e r b u c k e t is h a n g in g w ill s h o w lı
jie
m a r ow =
' ,
o
in d e p e n d e n t o f t h e r e la t iv e r o u g h n e s s o f p ip e c h a n g e in r e a d in g

H o w e v e r in t h e t u r b u le n t flo w th e fr ic tio n fa c t o r a s 4T 4 0 0 73
, , ×
o b s e r v e d fr o m 497 P re ss u re in s id e ra in d r o p

ww
s e v e r a l e x p e r im e n t s is a fu n c t io n o f
- -
,
0 001
t h e r e la tiv e r o u g h n e s s s i e th e p ip e c o n d itio n a n d
,
9 2 N/ m2
p ip e d ia m e t e r T h u s (d ) is th e c o r r e c t c h o ic e
2

498 P L in n in p ip

w
46 7 '
I n th is ca se ,
th e n u m b e r o f p h y s ic a l q u a n t it ie a g iv e n o r a m a r o w e ,

a re n - 8 N u n ıb e r o f fu n d a m e n t a l d im e n s io n s m 3 - AV 1 r
A c c o r d in g t o B u c k in g h a m
in d e p e n d e n t n o n d im e n s io
.Ea n

n a
th
l gr o u p
e o r e m

s
,

-
n u m

n
be r

m
o

-
f P

= i
Zw 2

468 E
th is
u le r
n u m b e r is c o n c e r n e d w ith

h o ic e ie a v a ila b le fo r A in c o d e (d ) o n l If o n e
c
y syE
p r e s s u r e fo r c e a n d

is c o n fid e n t , th e n t h e r e i8 n o n e e d t o lo o k fo r it e m s
S he a r fD rc e

且 1ニユ
B , C a n d D H o w e v e r a g r o b e c h e c k w ill s h o w t h a t
H d e n u m b e r ie c o n c er n e d w ith g r a v ity fo r c e M a c h
ou

n u m b e r w ith e la s tic fo r c e
,

a n d W e b e r n u m b e r w it h
ngi 二

nee
,

s u r fa c e t e n s io n

469 H e a d lo s t d u e to fr ic t io n i8 6 m P ow e r tr a n s m itt e d
is m a x iıııu m he

rin
w n fr ic tio n h e a d is 1 /3 o f th e Bu p p ly
head
S u p p ly h e a d s h o u ld b e 1 8 m

4 74 V e lo c ity h e a d is - hs 2
hs p J.
°
r aA vv
g.n =

2 p
1 1

M I J.
P r, ' A
" r

4 76
a ııd

Th, ex p r e s e i. " "

V -

g z
42 g h (S z
. h"
5 1)

" i' " f

o r
(V . v

e
e lo c ity in

4p
cen te r a n d - O a t

t
o u te r la y e r )

Mb4
or
N n ı
(l A ls o a v er a ge v e lo c it y íÏ
) l , .

478 T h ic k n e s s o f b o u n d a r y la y e r a t 4 m m fr o m le a d in g 2
e d g e = 2 × (4 /2 )1/2 . 2 × 2 U z m m p
(2 )
む 恥
4 7' Fo rce ra t io -

T ・ ・
; C o m p a r in g (1 ) a

2
n d (2 ),

2
= ' r
0
2

2 Fo
o r r .
o r = 50 × 400 . 2 0000 N
484 H y d r o ßt a tic fo r c e t b o tto pg A ź 499 For
a m - -
p g (2 x x lx ) x s qu a re p ip e ,
A = L 2
,
P = 4L
2x
(le n g th 2× b r e a d th l × ；h e ig h t 3 4A 4L2
一
2 ×) 一 2 哪
〒
一 一
e q
P 4L
H y d r o s t a tic fo r c e a t la r ße r v e r t ic a l s u r fa c e =
pg
(2 x x 2 x ) × 2 x /2 = 4 p a F o r tń a n g u la r p ip e A = L 2
p = 3L
,

4
R a t io o f a bo v e fo r c e s = 2

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

：
'

。 ˜ . 、 。 。 ď 台並 ぷ . 。 畆 扇
一
： 。
47

10 10

F o r re c ta n g u la r p ip e F o r ce r e q u ir e n ıe n t is g iv e n by
,

z
ī L L
A =
,
P =
T + + L + L = 3L
2 2 2

e q
P 3L 3
500 T he bu y fï e c t in w a t e r is th e d iffe r e n c e b e tw e e n
o a n t e

th e w e ig h t in a ir a n d in w a t e r i e 1 0 0 60 40 kg , ,
-

T h is b u o y a n t e fï e c t e q u a ls th e w e ig h t o f w a te r d is
p la c e d o r th e v o lm e o f d is p la c e d w a t e r m u lt i lie d
p
b y th e s p e c ific w e ig h t o f w a t e r 603 S p h e r e is a n id e a l p r e s s u r e v e s s e l fo r e c o n o m y
W h e r e r e q u ir e m e n t s e x c e e d p r a c t ic a b le fo r s in g le
P. V . 40

ww s p h e r e , m u lt ip le in t e r s e c t in g s p h e r e a r e u s e d w
h ic h
40 o ffe r m o s t e c o n o ın ic a l d i
e s gn o v f e ss e ls fo r e x t r e m e ly
o r
1000 h ig h p r e s s u r e s T u s s e c o n (
h t i B ) is i d e a lly s u i t e d fo r

S p e c ific w

w e ig h t

V
2 5 0 0 k g lm
W
o

e
f s to

ig h t in
n e

a ir

a .Ea .
10 0
40
× 10 0 0
504
th e

v i s c o s it y

te m p
g iv

o f s o 】

e r a
e n

It is im p o r t a n t t o h a v
m e

tu
a

r e
p p lic a t io n

,
v is c o s it y
e so m

s u

o fga
e r e la

b s ta
se s
n c e s

in
tiv e id e
W it h
cr e a se s a n
a o f a b s o lu t e
r is e in
d th a t o f

syE
=
liq u id d e c r e a se s M o re ov er v is c o s it y o fga se s is m u c h
60 1 F o r s in ıila r it y , R e y n o ld s n u m b e r in p r o p o t y p e a n d le s s d t o liq u id s Th u s cu r v e D is fo r a ir
co m p a re
m o de l m u st be e q u a l A m o n g g ly c e r in e cr u de o il a n d w a te r w a te r is le a s t
,

ngi
is c o u s a n d th u C is fo r te r G ly c e r in e is
P p vpD
v s cu r v e w a
ie p Pm w m
m o s t v is c o u s an d th e r e fo r e cu rv e A is a p p lic a b le fo r it
ı
t
p )ı .
505 A × V - Q

nee o r V -
9
A 2
20
× 4
. 2 5 m /s e c

F o r c h e c k in g, w

rin
h e th e r flo w is cr it ic a v

y 2
su b c r it ic a v

g.n
su p er cr itic a 1, d e t e r m in e th e v a lu e o f = d e p th )

'

Oō ĺa
e
2 2
o r P - 1 . ・ . O 0 0 1 k g lc m 2 5
< 1

t
=
p
9 月1 × 2
502 In t h is ca se F r o u de n u m ber m u st be sa m e fo r m o del
T h e flo w is t h e re fo r e su b c ń tic a 1
an d p r o to ty p e
606 F lo w ov er V n o tc h o c lı5 /2
ie ,
- co n s ta n t F o r d o u b le d e p th
F lo w o c (2 1ı)6 /2

or
V V . .
h s tz
L L
. p o c 5 6

P R O B L E M S

P r o v id e e in g le s u it a b l e w o r d (s ) f o r f o ll o w in g 5 K in e m a t ic co e ffic ie n t o f v is c o s ity is t h e r a t io o f a bso

li ith t h 6 V is c o s it ie s f liq u id s ffe c t e d b y p r e

p p lie d n ıe c h a n ic s d e a n g
o A ssu re
ı Th e bra n ch o f a w e

i ch a n ge s
beh a v io u r o f flu id s a t r e s t a n d in n ıo t o n

7 K in e m a tic v is c o s it y o f ga s e s v a r ie s A s th e
flu id s t s u s t a in Fo
2 w h e n in e q u ilib r iu ın ca n rce s
p r e ssu re
s R a t io o f th e m a ss o f a b o d y t o th e m a ss o f a n e qu a l
8 s u r fa c e m o le c u le s h a v e E n e rgy th a n in t e r io r
v o lu m e o fa su b s ta n ce ta k e n a s a s ta n dard
m o le c u le s in a liq u id
ıin e s th t f it s r e g is
4 Th e p r o p e r ty w h ic h d e t e m e a m o u n o
9 Th e w o r k t o b e d o n e to b ń n g e n o u g h m o le c u le s fr o ın
ta n ce t o a s h e a r in g fo r c e in s id e t h e liq u id t o th e s u r fa c e t o fo r m on e n ew u n it
a re a o f t h a t ś u r fa c e

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

■ M Ec H M ı
Ic A ı N * *i
p q -

ı0 T lıe liq u id s r is e in tu b e s w h e n a d lıe s io n o f liq u id t o w a lle 38 A flo w in w h ic h t lıe flu id p a r tic le s m o v e a lo n g s tr

a it rL
i8 c o h e s io n o f t h e liq u id p a r a lle l p a th s in la y e r s W
39 T he lo c it y o fp t ic a l in t e r e s t is t
r a c
11 Th t io f th e c h a n g e in tın it p r e s s u r e to th e co rre
v e
he ve
toei
e ra o
d in g lu m e c h a n g e p e r u n it o f v o lu m e b e lo w w h ic h a ll t u r b u le n c e is d a m
ped ou t b
s po n v o
y t
v is c o s it y o f t h e flu id
ı2 u id in
A fı w h ic h th e s hea r s tr e ss i8 p r o p o r tio n a l to t h e
v e lo c ity
40 Th e u ppe r lin ıit o f la ın in a r flo w o f p r a c tic a l i
g r a d ie n t o r e h e a r in g s tr a in n te r
ea t
re prese n te d b y a R e yn o ld n u ıııb e r o f a bo u t iı
13 A n u id fo r w h ic h th e r e s is ta n c e to s he a ń n g d e fo m ıa

t io n i8 z e ro
41 Th e r a t io o f th e cro s s s e c t io n a l a r e a to t h e
w e tt
p e r im e te r fo r n o n c ir c u la r cr o ss sec t io n s
e d
14 L o n g it u d h ıa l s t r e s 8 in t h in w a lle d c y lin d e r s c lo s e d a t
th e e n d s ie e q u a l to T h e h o o p te n s io n 42 A flo w in w h ic h th e p a r t ic le s o f th e flu id m ov e
in
T h e lin h a ph a z a r d fa s h io n in a ll d ir e c t io n s a
15 e o f a c tio n o f fo r c e e x e r te d by a liq u id o n a p la n e
43 V lo c it y d is t r ib u tio n
e a t a cro ss s e c tio n o fv ń
a a tio n fo r
16 T h e p o s itio n o f th e c e n t r e o f p r e s s u la m in a r flo w
re is a lw a y s
t h e c e n t r e o f g r a v ity o f t h e a r e a 44 In la m in a r flo w th e m a x im lo c ity a t t h e c
u n ıv e
e n tr e
of
ı7 Th fo r c e a c t iııg o n a n y w e i h t flo a tin p ip e is Th e a v e ra g lo it
e v e

ww
e c y
g g or im m erse d
in liq u id th e n fo r c e b e h ı e u a l t o t h e
a ig h t f th e
45 U s e d to m e a su re th e v e lo c ity h e a d o f flo w in
g q w e o g n u id
liq u id d is p la c e d 46 Th e t io f f je t (p it o t t u b e ) a t v e n a
r a o a re a o
co n t r a c ta
18 T h e p o in t th r o u g h w h ic h th e b u o a n t f d th f ifie e

w
a n e a re a o o r
y o r c e a c ts is ca lle d
t h e c e n tr e o f b u o a n c a n d it is l 47 Th
y y o c a te d a t th e e produ ct o f co e ffic ie n t o f v e lo c it y a n d co e ffic ie n t o f

.Ea
o f th e d is
pı a c e d liq u id co n t r a c t io n
19 F b ilit y o f a s u b m e r e d b o d
o r s ta 48 Th
g y th e c e n t r e o f g r a v e r a t io o f lo s s o f k in e t ic e n er g y in t h e o r ific e a n d th e
ity f b o d y ın u s t lie d ir e c u
o l k in e t ic e n e r g y
y Th e c e n t r e o f b u o a c tu a

syE
y
a n c e o f th e d is la c e d ı iq u id
p
20 If th e r a t io o f a ll c o r r e s
p o n d h ıg d im e n s io n s o f m o d e l
49
à
h e a t
a n

du
d
e to
be
s u
v e

dde
lo c it y
n e n
' ' " 1e t
la r g e m
a n

e n
d o u

t is p
t le t t h
r o
e n

t io
lo s s o
l td
ł
a ııd p r o t o ty p e a r e e u a l p o r n a
q

ngi
21 If t h e p a th s o f h o m o lo o u s 50 L fh
g m o v in g p a r tic le s a r e o ss o e a d du e to s u d d
ge o e n co n tr a c t io n is p r o p or tio 】
m e tr ic a lly s iın iı a r a n d if t h e r a tio s o f t h
n a
e v e lo c it ie s o f
h o n ıo lo g o u s p a r tic le s a r e e
u a l q 51 C ffic ie n t f d is c h

nee
o e
22 I f th
o a r g e is u n it y in c a s e o f M th
e ra tio fll h o m o lo g o u s fo r c e s in e o o u
8 o a
g m e tr ic a lly p ie c e
a n d k in e iııa tic a lly s im ila r m o d e ls a d
n p r o t o ty p e s a r e 52 C o e ffic ie n t o f c o n t r
th a c t io n fo r a n in t e lm t h p ie
e sa m e r n a o u ce is
23
24
In
In
e r tia l p r e

er tia v is c o u
s su re

s
fo r c e
fo r c e ra
ra

tio
t io 53 A
ta k
s h
e s
a r p e dged
p la c e
rin o b s tr u c t io n o v e r w h ic h n o w o f a flu id

g.n
25 In er tia g r a v it y fo r c e t io
ra 64 Th s h t fw
e e e o a te r w h ic h flo w s o v e r th e tc h
26 In e r tia e la s tic ity fo n o o r w e ir
rce r a t io 65 F lo w ta
ov e r r e c n g u la r n o t c h is p t io
27 Squ t fC
r o p o r n a l to
a re ro o o a u ch n u n ıb e r 66 F lo w

e
y o v e r t r ia la
n g u r n o t c h is p t io l to
28 In e r tia s u r fa c e te n s io n
r o p o r n a

t
ra t io 57 A tr a p e id a l
z o n o tc h h a v in g id e lo p
29 A in c o m p r e e s ib le flu id fı
n
t a l t o fo
s s e s o f o n e h o ń z on
o w in w h ic h th e d ir u r v e r t ic a l
e c tio n a n d
m g n it u d e o f t h e v e lo c it a t a ll
a
58 Th
y p o in t s a r e id e n tic a l e r a t io o fh e a d lo s t d u e t o fr ic t io
30 A flu id flo w in w h i d t o t a l le of
g th
n a n
c h th e flu id p ip
n
p a r t ic le s m o v e in p la n e s e
o r p a r a lle l
p la n e s a n d t h e s t r e a m lin e 69 A
id e n tic a l in e a c h p a tte r n s a r e p ip e of u n ifo r m d ia m te
e r h ic h p la
p la n e
w r e c e s th e
co m p o u n d p ip e c o n s is t ir ı f
31 A n id e a l n o w g o s ev e r a l p ip f difrent
w h ic h ca n be d ia te r
d le n g th s
e s o
r e p r e s e n t e d b y a flo w t
m e s a n
(i e n o s h e a r tr e
n e
s sse s a n d n o t o r q u e s e x is t ) 60 T is s io n
r a n sm
o f p o w e r th r o
32 A flo w in w h ic h u g h p i e is m
t lo s s o f h e a d d u p a x im u m w h en
a a i ry p o in t t h e v e lo c it y o f e t o fr ic tio n i
s iv e flu id s u cce s n p ip e is
p a r t ic le s is t h e s a n ıe a h e a d s u p p lie d a t th o f th e t o t a l
t s u c c e s s iv e io d s f e e n tr a n c e t
t im e p e r o o th e
61 p ip e
A c c o r d in t o F r o d
g u e t h e fr ic t io n a l
r e s is t a n c e i
n p ip e s
P r o p o r tio n a l t o Į
62 F lo w in a i e w ill
p p b e t u r b u le n t h
w e n R e y n o lď s n
is g r e a t e r th a n u m ber

63 A f lo w m e a s u r in g d e v ic in
e w h ic h i n d i c t io is
e sse n t ia lly lin e a r w it h flo w
a n

re s u lt s fr o r a te
co n serv a m th e p r in c ip le f 64 A fı o w in h ic h t h
t io n o fm o w e lo c it y
a ss v e ie D e p th f flo w
fr o m o n e o v a r ie s
36 E n er gy a t a n s e c t io n
s e c t io n ţo a n o th
y p lu e e n e r g y a d d e d
e r
lo s t a n ıin u s th 65 In ca se o f r e c ta n
e n e r gy n d ex tr a c t e d is e
e
g u la
q u a l to e n e r g y p e n ch a n w id t h o f
r
,
t th ch a m
o n e l th e
37 T h e hy dra lic g r a d e
a e e n d ıe l s h o u ld b e
Th
u lin e lie s b e lo w t h e d e p th fo r m a x im d is c h a r g e
66 u m
a n a m o u n t e q u a l t o th e
e en er g y lin e by F or m ax im i ım e ffic ie n c
A t th t t io y th e tr a p e zo id a l s e c t io n fo p e n
ch a ı
a se c o
n ın e l s h o u ld fa n n
a

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

卿回 = c ıw ・c a
一
4 1l
M Fm m * r im
u m iııc im ıla r s h a
p e o p e ııc h a n ııe l, 68 T h e d e p th o f fıo w fo r tııe g iv e n d is c h a r g e in a cha n n e ı
de p u ıa h o u ı
d be q u a i to T ir ııe
,
s d ia m e t e r o f p ip e co r re s d in g t o m in im u m s p e c ific e n e r g y
po n

A N SW E R S
ı Flu id n ıe c ha n ita 2 s hea
R e la
r 3 t iv e d e n e it y 4 v is c o s ity
6 M a ss den s it y e A re n o t 7 In ly
v e ra e 8 M ore
s u r fa c e te n s io n 10 Gre a te r th a iı 1 1 B u lk tı
ıo d u lu s o f e la s tic ity
ı2 N ew to n iu ı iı
u id ı8 Id e a l n id
u 1 4 H a lf 16 ce n tr e o f p re ss u re
ı8 B e lo w 17 Bu o t fo
y a n rc e ı8 ce n tr e o f g r a v ity 19 B e lo w
20 Ge o m e t r ic e in ıilit u de 2 ı K in e m a t ic s iın ilitu d e 2 2 D y ııu ııic s im ilitu d e 23 E u le r n u m be r
24 R e y ııo ld a n u m be r 26 Fto de
u n u m be r 2 6 C a u c h y n u m be r 27 M a c h n u m be r
28 W e be r n u m be 2 9 Tr u
r e o n e d im e n s io n a l fı
ow d in io lno
30 Tw o ıe n s n a w
31 Ir r o t a tio n a lHow 31 ßte a dy n o w SS m ifo r m now 34 s tr e a m lin e s

ww
36 co n tin u it y 36 B e m lli s th e o
o u re m 37 v e lo c ity h e a d 3 8 Ia m in a r flo w
39 c r it ic a ı 4 0 2 000 4 ı Hy dra u lic ra d iu s 42 Tu rb u le n t H o w
43 pa ra b o lic la w 44 Tw ic e 4 6 p it o t t u b e 46 ffic ie t fco tr a t io

w
co e n o n c n
47 co e ffic ie n t o f d ia c h a r g e
48 co e ffic ie n t o f r e s is ta n ce 4 9 [(V ,
V
z
Ħ
)2

.Ea
60 (V 61 c o n v e rge n t d iv
. e rg e n t 62 0 5 63 N o tc h
M ıa
ı ppe o r v e hı 6 6 (H m
) sn
6 6 (H ) 57 C ip p o le tt i n o tc h
6& h y d ra u lic g r a d ie n t 59 Q iv a le t p ip e
u 6o th ir d

syE
n o n » 6 1 (2 )
62 4000 63 ta m te
Ro e r 64 N o n u n ifo rm flo w 6 5 T w ic e
06 H a lf h e x a go n 67 0 95 itic a l d e p th
68 cr

ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

T he rm o d y n a m ic s a n d

T H E R M O D YV N A M IC S

r e ww
T h e r n ıo d y n a n ıi c s T h e r m o d n a ın ic s d e a ls w it h
y
la t io n s b e t Ħr e e n h e a t w o r k a n d o th e r fo r m s o f e n e r
, g y it ch a n ge
p
,
r o c e s s e s

it is s a id t o h
W h
a v e
e n e v e r

de s cr ib e d
a s

a
y s

p
te m

ro ce s s
u n de rgo e s an y

T h e m

ta h
M
ıo dy
w
p r e d ic t s m a i ıy r e la t io n s h ip s b e t w e e n p r o p e r tie s o f m a 忱 e r a n d
e ffic ie n c ie s o f v a r io u s p r o c e s s e s

a c r o s c o

n a ıııic e

t it y
p ic

f
&
W U ile
M ic
m
.Ea r o s c o

a cro s co
p ic
p ic is
a p p r o a c

c o n c e r n e d w it h
d it s b e h a v io u r m ic r o s c o p ic
h o f
a n d th
R
e
ib le p r o c e s s is o n e in w h ic h b o t h th e s y s te m
e v e r s

d in g s a r e r e t u r n e d t o t h e ir o r ig in a l s ta te s
su rro u n

w h ic h is n o t s o in t h e c a s e o f ir r e v e r s ib le p r o c e s s In a c tu a l

p r a c t ic e a ll p r o c e s s e s a r e ir r e v e r s ib le
,
,

syE
c er ı qu an o m a tt e r a n
C y c li c p r o c e s s is o n e in w h ic h t h e e n d s t a te s a r e
a pp r o a c h d e a l s w ith m o le cu la r a n d a t o m ic b e h a v io u r o f id e n tic a l i e T h e s y s t e m a fte r u n d e r g o in g a s e r ie s o f p r o c e s s e s
ıiıa tt e r a nd e n e r gy
r e t u r n s t o it s o r ig in a l c o n d itio n
T h e r n ıo d y n a iııs n ıic S y s te
S y s t e m is a d e fin it e

ngi qu i t a t ic p is o n e in h ic h d e p a r ts
q u a n t it y o f ıi ıa tte r b o u n d
d b y s o m e c l o s e d s u r fa c e e
a s s r o c e s s w s y s te m
fr o m e q u ilib r iu m s ta t e o n ly in fin it e s im lly t in s t a n t
(b o u n d a r y ) w h ic h is im p e r v io u s t o t h e flo w o f m a t t e r a a e v e ry

T h e r m o d y n a m ic s y s t e m is d e fin e d a s a n A d ia b a t ic p r o c e s s is o n e in w h ic h t h is flo w of

nee
e r e n o
y p r e s c r ib e d a n d
id e n t ifi a b le c o lle c t io n o f m a tt e r u o l ı w h ic h h e a t b e tw e e n a s y s te n ıa n d it s s u rr o u n d in g s
p a tt e n t io n is
fo c u s e d fo r in v e s t ig a tio n E v e r th in e ls e o t h e r t h Z e r o t h L a w o f T h e r ın o d i ıa n ıic s ta te th t h en
y g a n s y s te m y s s a w
i e th e s p a c e a n d m a 忱 e r e x t e r n a l t o a s s t a n y tw o b o d ie s a r e in t h e r m a l e u ilib r iu m it h t h ir d , th e y

rin
e m i 】 y s u lo w n a s q w
ŕo d in g I n th e c lo s e d th
a re a ls o in t h e r m a l e q u ilib r iu m w it h e a h
s u r u n s sy s te m e re is n o in t e r c h a n f c o th e r
ge o
ın a tt e r b e t w y s t e m a n d s u r r o u n d in g s b u t e n e r g y c a n E q u a t io f ta te f id
e e n s n o s o a n e a l g a s is p v m R T

g.n
-

c r o s s t h e b o u n d a r ie s a n d th e b o
u ń d a r y it s e lf m a y m o v e o r p -
p r e s s u r e in N /m 2 V v o lu m in 3
e m
c h a n g e it s p o s itio n H o w e v e r in t h e o p e n s s t e m in t e r c h T
y a n ge t e m p e r a t u r e in o K m in k g
- m a s s
o f b o t h m a t t e r a i ıd e n e r g y t a k e s
p la c e I s o la te d s y s te m is o n e R

e
.
g a s c o n s t a n t in N m /k g ° K
in w h ic h n e it h e r m a s s n o r e n e r g y c r o s s t h e b o u d
a r ie s a n d

t
n A d in g t o V a n d e r W a a l
p ir ic a 】
cco r
it is n o t in flu e n c e d b y t h e s u r r o u n d in s s , th e fo 1ı
o w in g e m
g e qu a t io n h o ld s fo r r e a l a s e s
T h e r ın o d y n a ın ic p r o p e r t ie s P r o e r tie g
p s o f s y s te m
id e n t ify th e s t a t e o f s y s t e m P f o p e r ty o f t h e s y s t e m d e e n d
p s
s o le ly u p o n t h e s t a t e o f t h e s y s t e m a n d n o t u p o n h ow th a t
s ta t e h a s b e e n r e a c h e d ? A w here , a d b
q u a n t ity w ill b e th e p r o p e r ty o f a n a r e co n s ta n t s fo r a n y o n e b u t d iffe r fo r
d iffe r e n t g a s
t h e s y s t e m if it h a s e x a c t d ifï e r e n t ia l E x te n s iu e
,

p r o p e r t ie s g a se s a n d u ific
= ın a s s s p e c v o lu m e
a r e t h o s e w h o s e v a lu e fo r t h e e n t ir e s s t e m e q u a ls t h e s u m
, y ,
C
o f th e ir v a lu e s fo r t h e p a r t s o f t h e s y s t e m
o n ıp r e s s ib il it y f a to Z p u
lik e t o t a l v o lu m e c r .

t o t a l e n e r g y e t c ; a n d t h e r a t io o f e x t e n s iv e p r o e r t t o t h e
p y ◆ ır a ı a w o f T h dy
e m ıo n a n ıic s
ın a s s is c a lle d t h e a u e r a g e s p e c ilīc u a lu e o f t h a t It
p r o p e r ty c o n c e r n s
p in ip le
r c o f c o n s e r v a t io f e n e rgy
T h e p r o p e r tie s w h o s e v a lu e is n o t e q u a l t o s tın ıo f t h e ir v a lu e s A d in g t o it
c co r
n o

d e s tr o y e d
e n er gy c a n n e it h e r b e c r e a te d
fo r p a r ts o f s y s te m
k n o w n a s in te n s iu e p r o p e r t ie s lik e
a re I t c h a i ıg e s fr o m n o r
o n e fo to th
te tu d e n s ity e t c A n in t e n s iv e p r o p e r t
rm o e r T h e to ta l s u m o f a ll e n e r g y
m p e ra r e p re s su re r e m a in s c o n s t
, y a i ıt
o f th e s y s t e m d o e s n o t d e p e n d o n t h e ın a s s o f t h e s y s t e m A cc o r d in g t o it
,
w h e r e a s e x t e n s iv e p r o p e r ty d o e s P o in t fu n c t io n is k n o w n a s
E 8 - J
2 q W
p r o p e r ty o f th e s y s t e m P a tTıTu n c t io n d e p e n d s o n t h e p r o c e s s ,
1
w h e r e 8 E - ch a n e i t
2 g o ta l e n
,
1 n
. . p a t h fol low e d by th e p r o c e s s , ike w o r k . o w e v e r wo r k e r g y o f s y s te m
Q =
qu a n t it y o f h e a t n
in g in t o t h e t e r ıı
d o n e in a n a d ia b a tic p r o c e s s b e tw e e n a g iv e n p a ir o f e n d s t a te s o w s y s
J . 4 186 jo u le s /c a lo r ie
d e p e n d s o n ly o n th e e n d s t a t e s a n d n o t o n t h e p a r tic u la r
W
w o rk do n e b
y th e s y s t e n ı
.

a d ia b a t ic p r o c e s s W o r k
A c c o r d in g t o t h e d
A n y q u a n t ity c a n b e c a ı le d p r o p e r ty o f t h e s y s t e m if r m o d y n a m ic s w o r k is d e fın e
th e n e r g y in t r a n s itio
th e c h a n g e in t h e v a l u e o f t h a t q u a n t it y b e t w e e n t w o
a s e

n d in g s d u r in g a
n w h ic h n o w
s fr o m a s y s te m to th
g iv e n p r o c e s s if t h e s o le e ffe c t e x t e r ııa ı
s u rr o u
b i t t f t h t is s a m e fo r a ll p a r t s e g
e q u ili
u m s a e s o e s y s e m
T t o th e s y s te m c a n b e r e d u c e d t o th
e r a is in o f a w e i h t g g
internal e n e r g y is th e p r o p e r ty o f t h e s y s t e m

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

iii羽团团固目
For qu a si e t a t ic p r o ce ss w or k don
, e ca n be ex pre sse d
a s Is o th e rm a lw o rk w - m R T lo g h
. D z
Vc
W .
pdv W o rk do n e in a d ia b a t ic c o n ıp r e s s io n fr o n ıD to A
(W n A
) = m c
.
(T 2 T ,)
W or k do n e in a fr e n s io n in W
e ex pa z e ro - W A B
+ W
.c
+ W
c D
+ a n d Q, -
W
H e a t llo w Q c dT
n ・
- R T lo g . I 2 lo g
f)
here , c s p e c ifıc h e a t ca a c ity fo r th e p r o c e s s m R T : lo g b
w -
p a n d ca n be
e x pre s se d a s fu n c tio n o f T
A s p o in t s B a n d c lie o n sa m e a d ia b a t ic a s t h e p o in t e
W or k do n e in is o t h e r m a lp r o ce s s = m R T log a n d in
D a n d A
V
a d ia b a tic e x pa n s io n - m c (T T )
. , 2 T; VB -
Tz Vc a n d Tł V A
-
Tz Vn
A v a ila b le (E
e n e r gy x e r gy ) il a b l e

ww
v s u n a v a
T T2
e n e r g y (A n e r g y ) E x e r g y c a iı b e c o n v er t e d in t o w ork bu t l D iv id in g t h e se '
. A n d T1
en er gy ca n n o t b e c o n v e r te d t o w o r k VA V» T
Carnot yc l e It If th is c y c le is o p e r a t e d in t h e rev erse d ir e c t io n w e
p r is e fo u

w
co m s r fo llo w
,
p ro ce sse s a s s
(R e fe r F ig 2 1 ) : ge t C a r n o t r e fn g e r a t o r fo r ,
w h ic h c o e ffic ie n t o f p e r fo m ıa n c e

.Ea
. T /(T T 2)
(i) q u a s i s t a t ic is o t h e rm a lp ro ce ss a b s o r b in g h e a t Q
z 1

h
1 E n th a lp y H U + p v w h e re U internal e n e r gy
fr o m e a t r e s e r v o ir a t te m p e r a tu re T
-
,
=

1
S p e c ific th lp y Tı +

syE
e n a u p u
(ii) q u a s i s t a tic a d ia b a t ic p r o c e s s fr o m T to T a n d
1 2 H
W is t h e w o r k don e e a t E n e r g y in t r a n s it io n n o w in g b y v ir tu e o f
te m p e r a tu re d iffe re n ce fi o m o n e s y s t e m t o o t h e r w h e n tw o
(iii) q u a s i s t a tic is o t h e rm a lh e a t r e je c t io n Q 2 to a lo w
in ta t is lle d h t

ngi
a re co n c ca e a
te m p er a t rır e re s e rv o ir a t te m pe r a tu r e T 2 Sp ific H
e c e a t S p e c ific h e a t is t h e h e a t r e q u ir e d
(iu ) q u a s i s t a t ic a d ia b a t ic p r o c e s s r e tu r n in g t h e by a u n it ın a s s o f a s u b s t a n c e t o r a is e t e m p e r a t u r e b y o n e
p r o c e s s t o in it ia l s t a t e

a n d ca rr y th e s a m e s e qu e n ce o fpro ce sse s It r e p re se n ts th e nCe)e de gr e e

c
p
- s p e c ific h e a t ca p a c it y a t co n s ta n tp r e ss u r e

u ltin
c a ıı b e
ıa te id e
in cre a s e
a l e iï ic ie n c y o f h e a t e n g in e C a r n o t c y c le e ffic ie n c y
d b y in c r e a s in g T a n d lo w e r in g T
1 2
-

rin ,

a s th e
in it s internal
If W
sys te
.

m
n e

is
t w

c a rr
o r k do
ie d t h r o
th
n e by
u

fo r e
gh
s y

Q
a
s te
c y c le
m

Q
in C a r n o t
th e re

W
is
c

n o
y c le
c h
,

a n
a n

ge
d c
.

-
Ĺ) g.n
s p e c ific he a t ca p a c it y a t con s ta ııt v o lu rııe

e
e n e r gy e re -
, 1 2 .

ı
A
K

W
(i)
d
re s

a s k)
p e c t iv
F

F
o r

u r
e ly
th
a tm

e r c
o s

.
ph

°
e r ic

.
- R /J
a ir

a n
,
c
p

d c
a n

,
Tc
d

.
-
c
.

Y -
a r e 0 24

1 4 (a l s o
t a n

e x
d 0 17 1

pre sse d

\ B
'

: (" E n e r gy E q u a t io n fo r S te a d y F lo w

I /L / ,h )
" )
(E
w
n th a

k
lp
ų
H
P E
o
,
' "
1
) (E n th a lp y z * P E ,
・

X X l\ 2
o r + e a t =
・

V ' " Ļ C a O V ' S e c o n d L a w o f T h e r m o dyn a n ıic e

C
A
d in g to K e lv in P la ıık s t a t e n ıe n t
ccor N o c y c lic
V p r o c e s s is p o s s ib le w h o s e r e s u lt is t h e n o w o f h e a t fr o n ı a
s in g le h e a t r e s e r v o ir a n d th e p e r fo r m a iıc e o f a ıı e q u iv a le n t
F ig 2 1 C a rn o t c y c le
a m o u n t o f w o r k o n a w o r k r e s e r v o ir

A c c o r d in g to C la 1ıa iu e e t a t e ın e n t N o c y c lic p r o c e s s
" g i "
i e t t ou t of a heat
ıu ' " ' " ' -
is p o s s ib le w h o s e r e s u lt is t h e f l o w o f h e a

r e s e r v o ir a t o n e te ın p e r a tu r e a n d t h e flo w o f a n e q u a l q u a n t it y

A 1s ö , is o t h e m ıa lw o r k w AB - m R T lo g h o f h e a t in t o a s e c o n d r e s e r v o ir a t a M g h te m p e r a tu r e
,
VA S e c o n d la w o f t h e r n ıo d y n a m ic s is s o m e t in ıe s a ls o
W hi o f s e c o n d k in d (a
ork do n e in a d ia b a t ic ex p a n s io n fr o n ı s ta t e d a s : A
p e r p e t u a l m o t io n m a c n e
c y c lic d e v ic e w h ic h w o u l d co n t in u o u s ly a b s tr a c t lıe a t fr o n ı a
B to c w
. c
- m c (T 1
T .) ,
e c h a n ic a l w o r k )
.
s irıg le r e s e r v o ir a n d c o n v e r t it c o m p l e t e ly t o m

is im p o s s ib le
Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner
 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

■ h
ib le t r a n s fe r o fh e a t, c a n g e in e n tr o p
F o r a rev e rs
D g y c o n v e r s io n p r o c e s s , t o t a l
u r in g e v e r y e n e r y
d
e n e r gy r e m a w ), a v a ila b le e n e r g y r e d u c e s
s e o n s e r v e d (1 s t ı a in
(2 n d la w ), u n a v a ila b le e n e r g y in c r e a s e s , a n d s o m e p a r t is
A s = s ,
s ,
-
JT
d is c h a r g e d t o a t m o s p h e r e ib le d ia b a t ic p ro ce s s c h a n ge o f e n tr o
F o r re v e rs a ,
p y is
R e v e r s ib le p r o c e s s A p r o c e s s is rev e rs ib le if, a t th e
z e ro
e n d o f th e p r o c e s s th e in it ia l s t a t e s o f a ll sy s te m s t a k in g tr o p y o f th e s s t
ib le p r o ce ss if t h e e n
, In a rev e r s y em ,

p a r t in t h e p r o c e s s ca n be to r e d , b y h a ts o e v e r , d in g s d e c r e a s e s f th e su rr o u n
re s a n y m e a n s w
in c r e a s e s th e n th e en tr
by o py o
w it h o u t a n y o u ts ta n d in g c h a n g e s in e s ta te s o f o th e r
th I i h
e v e r s ib le p r o c e s s , t e e n t r o p y is n o
a n e q u a l a m o u n t n r r t
s y s te m s O th e rw is th is ir r e u e r s ib le t d ifFe r e n c e o f t w o is m o r e th a n z e r o
c o n s e r v e d a n d th e n e
e e p r o c e s s

i
N o p r o c e s s b e t w e e n tw o e q u ilib r iu m s a e s s p o s s ib le if it
T h e tw o in ıp o r ta n t de r iv a t io n s fr o m s e co n d la w o f t t
th e r m dy ic s f o h t g in t in g b tw tw d i t h t t a l e n t r o p y o f a s y s te m
w o u ld r e s u lt in a
o n a m r e a e n e s o p e r a e e e iı o e c r e a s e n e o

r e s e r v o ir s a t d i f r e n t te n ıp e r a tu d i
a i ıd it s s u r r o
r e s a r e : u n n g s

(i) I t is im p o s s ib le t o c o n s tr u c t a h e a t e n g in e ,

t in g in c y c l e b e t w e e n t w G a s L a w s
o p e r a o r e s e r v o ir s a t d if fe r e n t
A p e r fe c t g a s is o n e w h ic h s t r ic t ly be y s
te m p e r a tu r e s h a v in g m o r e e ffic ie n c y th a n a re v e rs ib le e n g in e
P er e c f tg a s o

ll t h fıv la w s g iv e n b e lo w u n der a ll c o n d it io n s f
o p r a t in g b e t w e e n t h e s a m e t w o ir O n o c y c le
a e e g a s o

ww
e r e s e r v o s r ca n
b ffic ie n t t h ib le t in g b e tw p r e s s u re a n d te m p e ra tu r e
e m o r e e a n rev e r s c y le c o p e r a e e n

g iv te lim it s la P V ta t , if t e p tu T is
y le
e n n ıp e r a tu re B
'
= c o n s n m e r a r e
o s u )

(ii) A ll ib le t in g b ta t
g in e s c o n s
tw tw n

w
r e v e r s e n o p e r a e e e n o

r e s e rv o ir s a t g iv e n te m p e ra tu r e s h a v e th e s a m e e ffic ie n c y C h a r le s la to V T o r V /T - c o n s t a n t if p is c o n s t a n t ,

th e r m
D if f e
b e t w e e n f ir s t & s e c o n d l a w s o f
r e n c e
P ir s t la w is c o n c e r n e d w ith q u a n tit y a n d
o dy
s u n ı t o ţ a i o f e n e r g y b u t s e c o n d la w
n a ıııic s

a c c o u n t s fo r q u a lit y .Ea o r in o th e r w o r d s a ll p e r fe c t g a s e s c h a n g e in v o lu n ıe b y 1/2 7 3

o f it s o r ig in a l v o lu m e a t 0 C
°
f o r e v e r y 1 ° C c h a n g e in
t e m p e r a t u r e w h e n p r e s s u r e is k e p t c o n s t a n t
a v a ila b ility , r e v e r s ib itit y

C la
lo s s e s , e ffic ie n c y e t c It e x p la in s
d ifFe r e n c e b e t w e e n h e a t a n d w o r k e x e r g y a n d a n e r g y

u s iu s In e q u a lit y I t p syE rov id e s a r e la t io n b e t w e e n

J
A
G a

o u

u o
y L
le
g a
'
u ssa e

d
la
r o s
ı
4ì
'
la
Ch
la ts
w

a n
P

M
ge
o le
o
T
f in t e
c u
,
if V is

la r
rn a

w e
l
c o n s

ig h t
e n e r
ta

o f
n

gy d u
a
t

ll t h
-

e
dT

p e r fe c t
th
a n

du
e

d th
te

r in g
n ıp e r a

a
qu
c y
a n

c
tu r e s o

t it ie s
f
o
a lı a

f h
lic p r o c e s s (r e v e r s ib le o r ir r e v
e a
r b it r a r y

t g iv e n
n u m

u p
ber
o r a
o f h e a t re se rv
b s o r b e d b y th e m
e r s ib le ) in v o lv in g
o

ngi
ir s
ga ses
te m p e
p r e s s u r e
o ccu

r a tu
p y th
r e ,

d
o r

te
e

e
s a m

q u a l
e

v o
v o

tu
lu
lu
m
m

e s
e u n

o
der sa
f a ll g a
ta in
m

s e s
e

,
p

l
a
r e s su re

t th e

b
sa m
a n d
e

nee
a n m p e r a r e c o n e q u a n u ın e r o
,
in t e r c h a i ıg e o f h e a t p i t h t h e r e s e r v o ir s
le le
m o cu s

A c co r d in g t o it E Ș ś o
f
T h e m o le c u la r w e ig h t e x p r e s s e d in g n ı(i e 1 gm
ll g a s e s , a t N T P , o c c u p ie s a v o lu m e o f 2 2 4 lit r e s
m o le )

rin
o a

G e n e r a l g a s e q u a t io n
th e h e a t d q a d d e d t o it a t e v e r y p o in t is d iv id e d b y it s
P 1 V V2

g.n
te m p e r a tu r e a t th a t p o in t , t h e n t h e s u M o f a ll s u c h q u o t ie n t s
P 2 V3 P 3
. . _ - co n s ta n t
is z er o ,
i e T T2 T3
Cracteristic e q u tıt io T Ł o f a g {ıs

degr
h e re

E
d a t io n o f e n e r g y
a
í
n
=

tr
in t e g r

o py
a

E
t io
n
n
į
a

t r o p y is
lo n g

H
a n

t
-

c y c lic
O

lw
,

in d e x
p a th
o f th e u n a v a

flo w s fr o m h o t t o
ila b ility o r

ld
w he r e ,
(m

M
n
=

= n o
m fga s)
PV
a s s o
.

e
o f m o le s o f g a s a n d R is t h e

m o le c u la r w e i h t a n d it s
M R T

g a s c o n s ta n t
. r LM R T

t
v a lu e is 2 9 2 7 K g m /
e a a a y s co .
g ,
b o d ie s a n d t h u s b e c o m e s degra de d o r le s s a v a ila b le K g /° K o r 2 8 7 J /k l° K
g
E n e r g y th
k b e c o m e s le s s a v a ila b le
a tgo e s dow n th e s in U n iu e r s a l g ta I t is t h e
a s c o n s n t o r m o ta r co n s ta n t
fo r u se fu l w f it m a y b e r e c o v e r e d b y
o r k ev en th o u gh m os t o p ro du c t o f th e g a s ta t d th e
co n s n a n m o le cu la r w o f th e
e ig h t
h e a t e c o n o m y d e v ic e s u n a v a il a b ilit y o f e n e r g y is T h is g a s I ts v lu fo r tm
a e a o s ph e r ic a ir is e qu a l to 84 8 k gm pe r kg
m e a s u r e d b y e n t r o p y W e a r e u s u a lly in t e r e s t e d in c h a n g e s ,
m o le p e r o
K o r 8 3 1 4 J /k g m o le p K
in e n tr o p y T h e c h a n g e in e n t r o p y o f a s y s t e m b e tw e e n a n y
G e n e r a lP r o ty R la t io
tw o e q u ilib r iu m s t a t e s is fo u n d b y t a k in g t h e s y s t e m a lo n g
p e r e n s fo r p e r fe c t G a s e s

a n y re ersv ib le p a th c o n n e c t in g th e s t a t e s d iv id in g t h e heat ,
ĄU C dT if C is fu
.
a n c t io n fT
a d d e d t o t h e s y s t e m a t e a c h p o in t o f t h e p a t h b y t h e .
. o

t e m p e r a tu r e o f th e s y s te m a n d s u m m in g t h e qu o t ie n t s th u s o r . C (T T ), if C
,
U, 2 1 U
. co n s ta n t
o b ta in e d 1
E t r o p y is th e p r o p e r t y o f a s u b s ta n ce lik e p r e s su re
-
(P 2 V z p 1V )
n , J (k 1) 1

v o ıu m e ,
o r in t e r n a l e n e r g y

lw tu l h
p y ch a n ges
E r ıt r o a a y s a c c o m p a n y a c a e a t Tz J
. C C .
=
p
bu t e n tr o p y c h a g e s a ls o o c c u r w ith o u t tr a n s fe r o f
n s fe r s
n
tr a ,
(k is a ls o s o m e t im e s de te d b y 7 )
h e a t n o

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

A I = ı= T T ĦA Ņ s F E Ħ .
į 53

:
d U (s ''
X X "

s ,

ww - c
p
lo g
,
T
R
J
lo g . &
p 1
,
if c
.
- c o n s ta n t F ig 2 2

F ir r
w ib ı
- c
P

ly tr
lo g￡
e

p ic
V
+

.Ea
a i ıd
C . lo g

if C
p
m
an

d ia b
p 2_

d C
.

t ic p
a r e c o n s ta n t
po n
The
d in g in

C o n s
ra t io
cr e a se

ta n
o

t p
f in
o
cr e a s e o

f t e m p e r a tu

r e s s u r e
f internal
re

p
is ca

r o c e s s
e n e r g y t o th e c o r r e s

lle d th e s p e c ific h e a t

H e a t in g c a u : s

syE
o r e v e r s e p o o a a r o c e s se s
in cr e a se in v o lu m e a n d te m p e r a h u e ,
a n d ext er nal w or k is
p ìP . con s ta n t do n e

lo g (P 2 /P 1 ) d q dw du
= + p dv + du d (p v + U )= dH
p o ly tr o p ic in d e x
- =
n - =

? yn
T
1
. con s ta n t
lo g (V N 2)

ngi H
en ce a d d itio n o f h e a t in c r e a s e s t e m p e r a tu r e a n d
,

h e n c e e n th a lp y T h e r a t io o f in c r e a s e in e n th a lp y t o th e
c o r r e s p o n d in g in c r e a s e in t e m p e r a t u r e is c a lle d C

P
U
"
- co n s ta l ıt

nee
co n s
I s o th
ta n t ) N
e r n ıa

o ch a n
l p
g e in internal
r o c e ss (H y p
en er
er b o lic
gy
ex p a . n ) (T .

p v

rin
- con s ta n t
A U = C. dT
e x p a n s io n

or A U -
ļ T
g.n k a d ia b ) W - C o ns t

. -
JC .
"
e t
or

W or k don e -
\ Ź - m c (T
, ,
T )
, I T - C

an d h e a t tr a n s fe r =
U x w o r k don e
k 1 S

昭 C 프 鳧 lo 鱼 F ig 2 3
。
, ge
n P r
p u
"
. c, w here , n - in d e x o fex pa n s io n

P rY P żV a
w o r k don e -

n 1
G r a p h ic a l pre s e n t a t io n o fG a s S t a te C h a ııg e e
(R e tėr F ig s 2 2 a n d 2 3 )
Them ıo d y ııa m ic N o n n o w p r o c e sse s
. 1 1 Vı

P r o c e B B A d d itio n f h e a t iııc r e a s e s th te m p e r a tu u ri a n ge o l e n tr o py - ru g
o e re an d hen ce 7 1 Ĵ e

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

54 M EC HA N ı
C A L E N G IN E E R ı
N Q

T
n lL
'
A d ia b a t ic e x p a ııs io n N o h e a t e x c h a ııg e ta k e s p la c e
d d f f ic ie n c y is a h y p o th e t i
, .
IT C (i) A ir s ta n a r e ca l
W or k do n e
v a ń It is d e fin e d a s th e r a tio o f id e a l w o r k d o n e to
o u s c y c le s

-
a '
! P zvz
.
MR( Fzl
. M C (T , T ,) h e a t s u p p lie d o r is e q u a l t o r a tio o
f (h e a t s u p p lie d he at
.
7 1 Y 1
r e e c te d ) a n d h e a t s u p p
li d
j e

l ffic ie f g in e is th e tio
(ii) T h e m ıa e n c y o a n en ra
of
F or m is c e lla n eou s process p + C2 t o h e a t s u p p lie d
o rk do n
-

v 2 in d ic a te d w e

(iii) R e l a t iv e e ffi c ie n c y is t h e r a t io o f th e r m a l
w ork don e - c , (i i) . c , (v z v)
(iu ) M e c h a n ic a l e ffic ie n c y is th e ra tio o f bra ke or
F io k don t o th in d ic a te d o rk do n e
r e e e x p a n s n F lu id e x p a n d s s u d d e n ly in t o a c tu a lw or e e w

v a cu u ıııc h a m b e r th r o u g h a n o r ffic e o f la r e iz e (H = e ) W o r k (u ) O v e r a u e ffic ie n cy is th e r a t io o f br a k e o r a t tu 1

don e ・ 0 w ork d o n e to th e h e a t su p p lie d N ıis is a ls o ca lle d b r a k e
Thr o tt lin g F lu id e x p a n d s fio m h ig h p r e s s u r e t o lo w th e r m a t e /ï ic ie n c y

pre ssu
p la c e
ww r e

R e
w

ı
a t io
it h o u t d o in g a n y w o r lL N o h e a t tr a n s fe r t a k e s

n s fo r Id e a lG
It is p o s s ib le to a s P r o c e sse s
o f w o r

d e t e r m in
M e a n e ffe c tiv
k do n e p e r c y c le
e p

d b y d iv id in g th e a r e a o f p r e s s u r e v o lu m e
r e ssu r e

t o th e s
It is d e fin
tr o k e v o lu
e

m
d
e
a s

It
th e
ea n
ra

(p V )
tio
be

w
e

t a h u la t e th e e q u a t io n s a p p lic a b le fo r d e te r m in a tio n o f h e a t ,
d ia g r a m b y le n g th o f th e d ia g r a m
w o r k e tc Fo r s in ıp ı

th e m e d iu ııı a ııd th e p r o c e s s is r e v e r s ib le w ith c o n s t a n t

s p e c ific h e a ts F e r T a b le 2 n .Ea
e s t p r o c e s s e s in c a s e s w h e r e id e a l g a s is , C a r n o t C y c le It c o n s is t s o f t w o is o th e r m a ls a n
is e n tr o p ic s (R e fe r F ig 2 4 ) H e a t is s u p p lie d a t c o n
te m p e r a tu r e T (p r o c e s s 2 3 ) a n d r e je c t e đ a t c o n
d tw
s ta n

s ta n
o

t
t

syE
1
Id e a l G a s P o w e r C y c le s The se u se p e r fe c t g a s as a t e m p e r a tu re T (p r o c e s s 4 1)
2
w o r k in g n ıe d irım

d
ngi
T a e 2 1 I a t i o n s fo
bı r Id e a lG a B P r o c e sse s
,

P >o cess l s o th e r m a l P = c o n s ta n t u = c o n s ta n t ı
s e n tr w ic

' ,

T °'
T

$
.

-
co n st

co n s t nee co n s t
p u
t . co n st
S - c o n s ta n t

rin
.'" _ t s a n ıe

T as is e n t r o p ic
- eo n s ţa n t w ith k - n

g.n
Ba
孔 孔

ı=
・

e t
p rv r
'
p iv i
°

Iı 国 l
团四叫 i国国回
l
Ju d p °
S te a d y ū ow w or k . 。 .。 .
团
国国 国
回国 c ムT
。

ムU 0 c T
m A = c AT
. I . c .A T 1 c aT
I
.

M ・ C AT
m
p . C aT
p
m a AT
r I q AT

ßs

S p e c ilic h e a t
i .
O
"

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

C S A N D H EAT TRA NSFER

T H ER M O D Y N A M ı

(i d f re pre sen t in itia l d fın l d it io n

X °
a n a n a co n AT
s ,
- "
f TiC om p r e s s io n ra t io = ex p a n s io n ra tio )
f

Q 12 Q 34
- 0, Q 23
- W
23
-
P 2
U
2
lo g &
e
P a
W iz
・ C (T 2
T ), W . C (T T )
. 1 34 . 4 ,

U 3
U 2
- 0, U
1
U
4
- 0 , Q 41 - W -
P U lo g &
41 4 4 ,
P 1

2
- V o lu m e

ww Q 23 C 'T
F lg 2 6 D ie

T )
se l c y c le

w .E:a
-
p a 2

Q 41 - C (T
. ,
T ),
1
Q 12
9 34
- 0
W
23
-
P z (V a V
2
) W 41
- 0 ,

W . C . (T 2 T ), W . C (T 7 )
,2 1 34 . 4 3

syE
V o lu m e
T1 -
C
p
(T a

T4
C
T2 )
p
(T 3
f
C . (T4

Tz )
T )
. 1
C
C . (T4

p
(Ta
T ı)
T2 )

ngi
F lg 2 4 C a rn o t c y c le 1
- 1
O tt o C y c le It c o n s is t s o f t w o in s e n t r o p ic s a n d ţ w o 7 Ta Tz
n t v o lu m e p r o c e s s e s (R e fe r F ig 2 5 ) H e a t is s u p p lie d
s ta V

nee
con ļ
Y C om pre s s io n ra t io =

a t c o n s t a n t v o lu m e p r o c e s s 1 2 a n d r e je c t e d a t c o n s t a n t

v o ı
u m e 3 4 C o m p r e s s io n r a t io is a s s u m e d t o b e e q u a l t o
n s io n t io d, H t d d it io n l cu t æ r a t io

rin
ex pa ra - r a n r - ea a a o =
.

g.n
a n d T 4

,
-

°
T

'
,
r r

e.

AL] t
J o u le o r B r a y t o n C y c le I t c o n s is t s o f t w o
in sen t r o p ic a n d tw o c o n s t a n t p r e s s u r e p r o c e s s e s fo r h e a t

su p p ly a n d h e a t re e j c t io n (R e fe r F ig 2 7 ) It is u s e d fo r g a s

tu r b in es R ev e rse d J o u le c y c le is u se d in a ir re fr ig e r a t o r s
- V o lu m e

F lg 2 5 0 tto c y c le

Q 23 - Q 41
- 0
W - W - 0 W . C . (T T 1 ),
i2 a4 .. 4

W .
- C ĺT
, a T )

D ie s e l C y c le It c o n s is t s o f tw o is e n t r o p ic s , o n e
voı
u m e
c o n s ta n t v o lu m e a n d on e co n s ta n t p re ssu re p r o c e s s (R e fe r
F ig 2 6 ) H e a t is s u
p p lie d d u r in g c o n s
ta n t p r e s s u r e p r o c e s s
g 2 7 B
Fı ra y to n c y c le
2 3 a n d is r e e c te d d u r in g c o n s t a n t v o lu m e p r o c e s s 4 1 N o
j

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

■ M E C H A N IC A L E N
G IN E
E R ı,
司
A ir s ta n d a r d e ffic ie n c y

Ta fa
C . (f a Tz ) + C . (l 4 fa )
A t k in C y c le It c o n s is t s o f tw o a d ia b a
so n ,
a tic s
c o n e ta n t v o lu mh e a t a d d itio n a n d a c o n e ta n t p r e s s u r e h e a t
e
r e je c t io n p r o c e s s T h ie c y c le ia u B e d b y c o n s t a n t v o ı
u m e ty p e

g a s tu r b in e s
S tir lin g C y c le It c o n s is ts o f tw o is o th e r m a l a n d tw o
co n s ta n t vo lu m e p r o c e s s e s (R e fe r F ig 2 8 ) In o r d e r to m a k e

th e c y c le r e v e r s ib le , th e c o n s t a n t v o lu m e p r o c e s s e s a r e
p e r tb r m e d w ith th e lıe lp o f r e g e n e r a to r P r a c tic a l e ftic ie n c y
o f th is c y c le d e p e n d s o n th e d e g r e e o f r e g e n e r a tio n It is u s e d
in h o t a ir e n g in e s

ww
w .Ea V C y c le
F ig 2 9
-

D
V

ua t c y c le

syE
a p o B

R a n k in e C y c le It is t h e id e a l r e p r e s e n ta tio n fo r th
e
v a pou r pow er cy c le I t c o n s is t s o f fiv e p r o c e s s e s tw d
V o lu m is o th e r m a ls tw o is e n tr o p ic s a n d o n e c o n s ta n t

ngi
- e , , p re s su re
(R e fe r F ig 2 1 0 )
F lg 2 a S tir lin g c y c le

nee
T he h j
d in p r o c e s s 4 1 i6 u s e d t o p a r t l
t r e e c te W H H v [P
e a
y ız
.
1 a , p 2
)a p pr o x
re gen e r a te g a s đu r in g th e p r o c e s s 2 3
(H 5 H 4 )+ 2
ıe t p e r c e n ta g e o f r e g e n e r a t io n fr o m r e je c te d h e a t = r 11
H 4 H z
Q

rin
41
- C (T 4
T 1) (r e je c t e d )
.

Q za
- (1 r ) C . (T a T )
. (s u p p lie d )

T ta l h p p lie d
p4

Q za
Vz
(S u p p lie d )

g.n
e
o ea t su - + Q 34

t
N e t w o r k don e ,

P4 P r

P4 Ĺ P4 P 1
) - E n tr o p y

11 -
1 ￠
F lg 2 1 0 R a n k in e c y c le
Qz a + Qa4
If 1 1 o f r e g e n era to r is a ss u m e d to b e 1 0 0 % th e n

Q za
- Q 4,
T hen T1 -

Qa « fa
E r ic s s o n C y c le It
is o t h e r m a l
c o n s is t s o f tw o

p r łj c e s s e s , a n d t w o r e v e r s ib le c o n s t a n t p r e s s u r e p r o c e s s e s
I t is a r e v e r s ib le p r o c e s s a n d ite e ffic ie n c y is e q u a l to t h a t o f
C a r n o t ycle It is a n id e a l c y c le fo r t u r b in e s u s in g m u lt i
e ta g e c o m p r e s s io n a n d m u lt s a g e e x p a n s o n
i t i

D u a l c y c le I t c o n e 如注B o f t w o c o n e ta n t v o lu m e
i s e s a n d o n e c o n s ta n t p r e s s u r e
p r o c e s s e s tw o a d ia b a t c p r o c e ó
H e a t iß s
l
u p p lie d p a r tly a t c o n s t a n t v o u m e p r o c e B s
p r o c e s s
3 4 n d ie r e je c te d Fı
g 2 11 V a po
2 3 a ııd p a r tly a t c o n s a t n t p r e s s u r e p r o c e s s a u r po w e r s y s te m

a t o n s t a n t v o lu n ıe p r o c e s e 5 1

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

w is v e ry sm a ll, u su a lly ' n -

i2
H H n j
4 2
.
į
x -
C o n ıp r e s s io n R e ħ ig e r a t io n C y c le It c o n s is ts f i
E n i ・
o
tw o c o n s ta n t p r e s su r e pr o ce s se s , is e n tr o p ic p r o c e d d t o ta l
c o n s t it u e n t
a n f
f o le s o a n n -
ss ,
a n w here, n - N o o m a n y
ir r e v e r s ib le th r o t t lin g p r o c e s s (R e fe r F ig 2 1 2 )
a n
n o ofm o le s o f a lıc o n s tit u en ts
Q rz Q 34 - 0, Q 23 - H
.
H
2 Su m o f m o le fr a c tio n o f a ll th e co n s t it u en ts e qu a ls
Q 14
- H
4
H ı u n ity ,

i
n n

W H H IfM ' " le cu la r w e ig h t o f a n y c o n s titu e n t , th e n m a ss

ı2 2 1 i
m o f th a t c o n s titu e n t is
i
m ' " M ' " M
I i
Ĺ i i

a n d to t a l m a ss m - Em - n E Jci;M i
i

The a ren t m o le c u la r w ig h t M
e of th e m ix t u r e is
pp
a

d e fin e d a s r a t io o f to t a l m a ss to t h e to ta l n u m b e r o f n ıo le s ,

ww The m o
M .
m

n
'

le f a c t i o n o f a n y c o n s t itu e n t o f a m ix t u r e
と iM i

o f

w
C 1
id e a l g a s e s is a ls o e q u a l t o r a t io o f p a r t ia l p r e s s u r e o
f th a t

.Ea
th ro ttlin g t o t a l p r e s s u r e o f th e m ix t u r e
g a s t o th e
E n tr o py A cco r d in g ţ o A m a g a t L e d u c la w , t h e v o lu m e o f a
m ix t u re o f id e a l g a s e s is e q u a l t o th e s u m o f p a r tia l v o lu m e s
F ig 2 1 2 C o m p re s s io n re fr ig e ra

syE tio n c y c le o f th e
d e te r m
A
c o n s t it u e n t g a s e s , w h e n t h e p a r t ia l v o lu m e s a r e
in e d a t th e p r e s s u r e a n d t e m p e r a t u r e o f th e m ix tu r e
ccor d in g t o G ib b ' s la w t o t a l e n tr o p y o f a m ix t u re o f

ngiid e a l g a se s i s e q u a l t o th e s u m o f th e pa r tia l e n t r o p ie s o f it s

neeŕtï ţţïįfŢ
Em
:
. s
i i
. Em u
i ,

. . E m
i
h i

go
rin
o
F
d fu e l s h o u
u e ls F u e ls
ld h a v l
e o w ign i ti
lid liq u id o r g a s e o u s ty p e A
m a y be so

o n t e m p e r a t u r e , h ig h c a lo r ific

v a

g.n
lu e , e a s y t o

C o m bu
t
s o re , pr

tio
o d u c e m in im u m

fF
sm o k e a n d be

l T h e fu e l is c o m p r is e d o f c a r b o n

e
s n o u e

ith a s m a ll a m o u n t o f s u lp h u r t o o

t
a n d h ydr o ge n m a in ly w

F ig 2 1 3 c o m p re s s io n re fr ig e ra tio n s y s te m
r e a c ts w ith t h e m a in c o n s t it u e n t s o f fu e l p r o d u c in g h e a t

M ix t u re o fG a se s a n d V a p o u r s tr a n s fe r fr o m th e re a c t in g s y s te m T h e c h e m ic a l p r o c e s s c a n
p r e s e n te d b y a h i l q a t io n q u a n t it a tiv e ly a n d
d in g o f D a lt o n s la w , th e t o t a l p r e s s u r e o f a be
'
re c e m c a e u
A cco r
l t o th e s u m o f q u a lit a t iv e ly T h e s m lle s t q u a n tit y w h ic h t a k e s p a r t in a
n 山此u r e o f id e a l a s w e ll a s r e a l g a s e s is e q u a
a

c h e m ic a l r e a c tio n is a m o le c u le , h e n c e a q u a n t ity o f s e p a r a te
th e p a r tia l p r e s s u r e s o f th e c o n s titu e n ts
in a ch e m ic a l e q u a t io n m u s t b e s t a t e d a s H 2 , 0 2 a n d N
p a r tia l p r e s s u r e o f e a c h c o n s tit u e n t is d e fin e d a s th e ga s z

d t h e v o lu m e o f th e C b t io b u s tio n f C b o n (a ) W n en th e co m
p r e s s u r e it w o u ld e x e r t if it a lo n e o c c u p ie
o m u s n o a r

t h t o f th e m ix tu r e is c o m p le t e i e w h e n c a r b o n b u r n s in a ir h a v in g le s s
m ix tu r e a t th e s a m e t e m
o c e s s
e r a tu r e a s p a p r ,

fo r id e a l g a t h a n m in im u m q u a n t ity r e q u ir e d fo r c o m p le t e c o m b u s t io n ,
T hu s co n s id e r in g D a lt o n
'
s la w se s
th e n th e p r o c e s s is r e p r e s e n t e d b y a n e q u a tio n
T
+ p z + p a + (M 8 + M R + m R + )
ìî a a
-
p -
p 1 , 2 2
1
s u b s titu tin g th e a t o m ic w e ig h t o f e a ch su b s ta n ce in
or p v - T Emi th e e q u a t io n
w here R a re n t specific g a s con s ta n t o f m ix tu re
,
- a pp 4 7
m iR i + m 2 R2 + EmiR Emiı
i 2 × 12 + 32 = 2 [2 8 ] or 1 + _

Em m
m l + m 2 i
4
R T ie 1 kg f ca rb o n kg o f o Jw g e n - kg of C O
p v - m ,
o +
Ĵ 3
w h ic h h a e s a m e fo r m a s e q u a tio n o f s t a te o f s in g le id e a l g a s b o n b u m s in p le n tifu l s u p p ly o f o x y g e n
(b ) W h e n ca r ,
an d fu r tlıe r it p r o v e th a t a ın ix tu r e o f id e a l g a s e s is its e lf
e ,
th ce ss is re p re sen te d b y a c h e m ic a l e q u a tio n
a n id e a l a s
e p ro
g

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

M ECH A Nı
CA L

58
= i
8 1o o k c a l p e r k g o f c a r bo n
C + O - CO ,
+
o le o f
d 5 1 m o le fc a rb o n re q u ir e s on e m
In o th e . or o
tor ñ r e d b a s is t o d r y b a s is a ų ide
T o c h a n g e fr o m w e as ,

o to fo r m on e m o le o f C O z
2
e a ch e r c e n ta g e
by
8 11 p
12 + 32 = 12 + 32 = 44 1 +
5
-

,
C 0 ' " js tU re + % a s h
)
8 11
c it io n
o s f A ir A tm o s p h e r ic a ir is a v o lu m e tr ic
o
o m p
3 % ııit r o g e n a n d 1 % a r g o n
o f2o 99% o x yge n , 78 0 3
23% th e r e fo r e a ir co m p o s itio n
s in c e , a ir b y w e ig h t h a s ox y ge n ,
t ity o f s e v e r a l in e r t g a
s e s s u c h a s w a te r
w ith s m a ll q u a n
n e e d e d fo r c o m b u s t io n o f d io x id e h liu m h y o g e n , n e o n e tc F o r
v a p ou rs ca rbon e , ,

n o u g h t o in c lu d e
,

8 i
l ti n s it s s u ffic ie n t e
11 54 kg a ppro x i m a te c a lc u a o ,
1 k g C to C 0 2
is -
d to u se th e a n a ly s is a s fo llo w s
3 × o 23 a llin e r t g a ses a s n itr o g e n a n

co m
C
b h ıe s
o m

w
b u s t io n o f H y d r o g e n
h i ll
ith 0 2 c e m c a y it fo r m s H ,
O
W hen
a n d is
,
re
hy dr oge
pre se n te d
n o x ygen
N itr o g e n - 7 1% } by v o lu m e

ww
l
}
by an e qu a f l
tio n a s o o w s o ~ ge ° by Tv e ig h t
2H + 0 - 2H O + 3 4 ,2 0 0 k c a M ￡g o fh ydr o ge n
2 2 .

2 2 2 16 2 12 16 ] = 3 6 ; 1 + 8 9 f ir
t it u ts
=
+ a r e
ıe fo
+ ×
× × =
T ı u r c o n s e n o a

ie

w ith
,

ox
c
1 kg
o m

yge n
w b
o

c
u
fH

hem
s t io

S
2
+

O
8 kg
f su ıoph
ic a lly it fo r m ,

50
o f0 2

.Ea u r
.

s
9 kg

2 16 5 k c a l p
w n
50 2
o fH
en
2
su

er
0
lp h u

kg o
r co m

f s u lp h u
b in

r
es

O
A ir

O
b
ĺT l
syE
+ +
,
-
2 x ygen ,
32 + 32 = 64 , 1 + 1 = 2 N itr o g e n h 75 53
,

ngi
°
A ll o th e r co m bu s t io n e q u a t io n s ca n b e tr e a te d
C O 0 050
.
s in 】
ila r ly
C a l o ıi c v a lu f ħıe L T h e c o m b u s tio n o f fu e l is
e o

a ccom

n u m ber
p

b u s t io n
a n ie d b y a la r g e
o f h e a t u n it s

f th e
o u n t o f e v o lu t io n o f h e a t 7 1 ıe
a m

e v o lv e d in k c a l b y t h e c o m p le t e
ñ ıe l is c a lle d t h e c a lo r ffic v a lu e o f fu e l I t
nee a r e
T he ge n
g iv e n b e lo
e r a

w
l p r o p e r tie s o f a ir (a t 3 0 0 Ķ 1 b a r )

rin
co m o

is m e a su r e d in t w o w a ys M
M ea n m o le c u la r w e ig h t - 28 96
'
S p e c ffic h e a t 1 .0 0 5 m kr

g.n
a t c o n s ta n tp ressu re T -

lu e o f fu e l a e it is s o m e tim e s c a lle d is th e t o t a l p
ca 】
n r ffic v a
ıK 1
S p e c ió c h ea t at con s ta n t v o lu m e c - 0 7 18 】
Ĥ J kr
a m o u n t o f h e a t lib e r a te d b y t h e u n it q u a n t ity o f fu e l i ę 1 .

kg hen th e p r o d u c t s o f c o m b u s tio n a r e c o o le d t o 1 5 C
°
R a t io o f s p e c ffic h e a ts 7 1 40

e
-
w
' ı
G 0 2 8 71 m kr F

t
I u w e r c a lo r iñ c w a lu e (L C V ) T h e lo w e r c a lo r ib c a s co n s ta n t R =

o f fu e l is d e İ in e d a s h ig h e r c a lo r ific v a lu e m in u s h e a t
lu D 1 183 k g 4
v a e e n s ity p - m

ta k en a w a y b y w a t e r d u e to c o m b u s tio n a n d s u r fa e e m i tu r e
ID p ic is c o s iw 1 83 5 1o 5 N ą
ıa m v p - × s m

Iĺ h ıe m tic is c o s iu r 1 566 1 5 2 ı
a v u - × m s
p o n d in g t o 1 5 c s a t u r a t io n
°
p a r t ia l p r e s s u r e co rr e s
T h e rm l c o n d u c tiv ity k o o 2 6 14 W ıı
a - m
te m p e r a t u re o fw a te r a n d th e r e fo r e s u p p o s e d t o t a k e la t e n t

T h is la te n t h e a t is 5 8 8 7 6 k c a M L g T lıe r m a l d iffiıs iv ity a 2 203 a 1

he t a t t h is p m s
=
a re s su r e

L C V . H C V W e ig h t o f w a te r x L a te n t h e a t P t a n d tl n u m be r P = 0 711
.

(5 8 8 7 6 ) C o n v e r s io n o f V o lu m e t r ic A n a ly s is t o W e ig h t
C a lo r ffic v a lu e ca n b e d e te r m in e d by bo m b c a lo r im e te r
A n a ly s is If th e v o lu m e a n a ly s is o f a n y g a s is 】 ￡n o w n it c a 】ı
or b y B c lv s g a s c a lo r im e te r b e c o n v e r te d to w e ig h t a n a ly s is b y m u ltip ly in
g th e v o lu m e
p r o x im a t e A n a ly s is P r o x im a t e a n a ly s is is th e o f e a c h c o n s t it u e n t b y it s m o le c u la r w e i h t T h is w ill iv e
g g
d e te r m in a tio n o f p e r c e n t a g e o f m o is t u r e v o la tile m a tt e r , th e p r o p o r t io n a l w e ig h t o f th e c o n s tit u e n t s t h e n a d d in g u p
Iix e d c a r b o n a n d a s h in th e fu e l P r o x im a te a n a ly s is is e a s y
,

th e s e w e ig h ts a n d d iv id in g e a c h b y t h e t o t a l w e i h t th e
g ,
r e d w it h u lt im a t e a n a ly s is
a n d q u ic k t o d e te r m in e , c o m p a a n a ly s is b y w e ig h t is o b t a in e d

a n d is u s u a ll d n e fo r c o m m e r c ia l p u r p o s e s
y o
C o n v e r s io
f G r a v i m e t r i c A n a ly s i s t o
n o
U l t im a t e a n a ly s i s I t is t h e d e t e r m in a t io n o f V lu m
o i al ys is h e g r a v im e tr ic a n a ly s is o f a n y fu e l
e tr c T
i h f r o n h y d r o g e n , o x y g e n ıl itr o g e n
p e r c e n ta g e b y w e g t o c a
b ca n be c o n v e r te d t o v o lu m e a n a l s is b ht
y d iv id in g t h e w e ig
, ,
y
ßu lp h u r a n d a s h in th e fu e
l of e a ch c o n s titu e n t b y m o le c u la r w e i h t T h is w ill g iv e th e
g
ith e r 山 プ o r ' a s '

T he co a l a n a ly s is m a y b e g iv e n o n e p r o p o r tio n a l v o lu m e s o f t h e c o n s t it u e n t s a n d t h e n b y a d d in g
th e s e v o lu m e s a n d d iv id in g e a c h b en t
tir e d b a s is y t h e t o ta l, th e p e r c
'

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

N A M IC S A N D H E A T T R A N S F E R 59
THER M O D Y

T h e d e g r e e o f e ff ic ie n c y o f fu e l c o m bu e t io n i8 co n a ta n L p ro u eu ro c ' aecifie h e a L a Ļ c o m ] ta n L v o lu m e ,
C a n d
, .

d e te r m n d b y c a lc u la t io n s in v o lv in g n u
i e e ga e n n a ly e ie /ı - con » t a n t)

o b t a in e
d b y O r s a t a p p a r a tu s E ir l p r a c tic e , fb r
ir e m e n t In a c tu a
x c o s e a r e q u
n « n iın m a ir r e q u ir e d f o r c o m p le t e c o n ıb u
e t io n co m p le te c o m b u ßtio n , a n e x c e e ß q u a n tity o a r iß r e q u ir e d in
f i
ď a ħıe l T h e m in im u m w e ig h t o f a ir r e
q u ir e d fo r a e o lid or d e r to p e r m it in t im a t e m ix in g o f th e fu e l w ith o x y g e n
a n d liq u
id fu e l c a n b e fo u n d fr o m th e g r a v in ıe tr ic a n a ly e ie o f b
W e ig h t f d r y fı
o u o g a a e e p e r k g o f fu e l C a r o n
th e uf e l F o r a g a s e o u s fu e l, t h e m in im u m v o lu m e o f a ir t t C O n d
m a y b e pre ee n t in t h e fl u e g a a in t h e e o n e L İ u e n ß a

CO h f b k f Ħ g ß c a n b e fo u n d
a n d th e w o gi ļ o e a r o n p e r g o u e a
z,
f th e g a s d C O to
o f v o lu m o Lr ic a n a ]y ßio o f C O a n
o
by c o n v e r e io n g
M in im u m a ir re q u ir e d p e r k g o f so lid or liq u id fu e l ra v im e Lr ic a n a ly a iß b y m u lt ip ly in g b y th e m o e c u a r w e g
l J i ht
g
burnt o t th o c o n e liĹ u e n t e

W o ig h L o f d r y flu e ga a per kg o f fu e l i8 g iv en b y th e

. 11 6 C + 34 8 H 2 ￥) + 4 35 S C [1 1 C O z + 80 z +
7 (C O + N z )J

R -
(P
ga s co n s
=
p ressu r e

ta n ww
t, J
,

-
V . V o lu
J o u le ' s
m

co e
e ,
T - T e m p e r a tu r e , m = m a s e ,
ffic ie n t , C - s p e c ific h e a t a t
.
(C O z + C0 )

ı W
ca
n ic h o

l p r o p e r t ie
w f th e fo lio w in g v a r ia b le s
s o f a p e r fe c t g a s ? .Ea
M U LT ı

c o n
P L E C H O IC E Q U E S T IO N S

t r o ls t h e p h y s i
(e )
丁
P V
. c o N 吕七a n t

(a ) p r e s s u r e
(e ) v o lu m e
(e ) a t o m ic m a ss
syE
(b ) t e m p e r a t u r e
(d ) a ll o f th e a b o v e
9 A c c o r d in g to G a y L u 8 e a c la w fo r a p e r fe c t g a e , tlJ e
a b s o lu t e p r e e s u r e o f g iv e n m a s B v a r ie s d ir e c tly a e

(a ) t e m p e r a t u r e (b ) a b s o lu te
2 W W C h o f t h e fo llo w in g la w
b e h a v io u r o f a p e r fe c t g a s ?
s is a p p lic a b le fo r th e

ngi (c ) a b e o lu t e t e m p e r a t u r e if v o lu m e is k e p t c o n s t a
(d ) v o lu m e if t e m p e r a tu r e i6 k e p t c o n s t a n ţ
,
,
n t

nee
(a ) B o y le s la w (b ) C h a r le s la w (e ) r e m a in R c o n s t a n t if v o Į u m e a n d t e m p e r a t u
' '

,
re

(c ) G a y L u s s a c la w (d ) a ll o f th e a b o v e a re ke pt co n R ta n t

(e ) J o u le s la w '
10 A n id e a lga s a s co m p a re d to a re a ıg a e a t v e ry h ig h
3 Th e u n it
(a ) C e n t ig r a d e
o f t e ın p e r a t u r e in S I
(b ) C e ls iu s
u n it s is p re ssu re o ccu

(a ) m o r e v o lu m e
(c ) s a m e v o lu m e
(b ) te s s
rin
p ie ß
v o lu m e

4
(e ) F a h r e n h e it
(e ) R a n k in e
The it f in S I u n
(d ) K e lv in

it s is
(d ) u n p r e d ic t a b le b e h a v io u r
(e ) n o s u c h c o r r e la t io n g.n
e
u n o m a ss

(a ) k ilo g r a (b ) g r a m 11 G e n era l ga s e qu a t io n ie

t
m

(c ) to n n e (d ) q u in t a l (a ) P V . n R T (b ) P V - m R T
(e ) n ew to n
(c ) P V - n R T (d ) P y n - C
6 The u n it o f t im e in S I u n it s is 3
(a ) s e c o n d (b ) m in u te
\B )C C - R IJ
p .

(e ) h o u r (d ) d a y 12 G a s la w s a re a p p lic a b le t o
(e ) y e a r (a ) g a ó e s a s w e ll a s v a p o u r s
6 T he u n it o e n g th in S I
fı u n it s is (b ) g a s e s lo n đn t to rs
a e a n o v a pou
(a ) m e tr e (b ) c e n t im e tr e
(c ) g a s e s a n đ s te a m

(c ) k ilo m e tr e (d ) m illim e tr e
(d ) g a s e s a n d v a pou rs u n der ce r ta in co n d it io n s

Th e u n it o f en e r g y in S I u n it s is (e ) s t e a m an d v a p ou rs

(a ) w a tt (b ) jo u le 13 A d in g t o D a lt o n s la w , th e to t a l p r e s s u
cco r
'
re o f th e

(c ) jo u le /s (d ) jo u le /m ın ix t u r e o f g a s e s i8 e q u a l t o
(e ) jo u le ın (a ) g r e a t e r o f t h e p a r tia l p r e s s u r e s o f a ll
8 a r le s la w fo r e r fe c t
'
A cco r d in g t o C h a p ga s
(b ) a v e r a g e o f t h e p a r tia l p r e s s u r e s o f a ll
ta n t (c ) s tım of th e p a r tia l p r e e s u r e e o f a ll
if V is k e p t co n s
o f t h e p a r t ia l p r e s s u r e 8 o f a ll d iv id e d b y
,
Tz pł (d ) e u m
a v e ra ge ıı
ıo le c u la r w e ig h t
(b ) _ if P is k e p t con s ta n t
(e ) a t m e r ic p r e e s u r e
o 8ph
'
T; V
(c ) b o t h (a ) a n d (b ) a b o v e 14 W n ic h o f th e fo llo w in g c a i ıb e r e g a r d e d a s g a s s o t h a t
lic n h le , w it h h ı t h e c o ın m o n ly
Vļ g a s la w s c o u ld b e a p p
(d ) . if T is k e p t co n s ta n t
t r e lim it s ?
'
e n c o u n te r e d t e m p e r a u
Pł Vz

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

(a ) O 2 N 2 s t e a m C O 2
1 1 ,
23 S u p e r h e a te d v a p o tır b e h a v e s
(b ) 0 2 N 2 w a t e r v a p o m
) )
(a ) e x a c tly a s g a s (b ) a s s te a m

(c ) 8 0 2 N H 3 C 0 2 m o is t u r e
1 , ,
(c ) a s o r d in a r y v a p o rır
(d ) 0 2 N 2 8 2 a ir 1 1 ,
(d ) a p p r o x in ıa te ly a s a ga s
(e ) s te a m v a p o u r s H 2 C 0 2 , ,
(e ) a s a v e r a g e o f g a s an d v a p o rır
16 T he u n it o f p r e s s u re in S I u n it s is 24 Rding to B o y le s
'
la w fo r a p e r fe c t g a s

(a ) &
(a ) k g fc n ı
ż
(b ) r n m o fw a te r e o ı
u m n
. if V is k e p t con s ta n t
(c ) p a s c a l (d ) d y n es per squ a r e en ı T 马
,

(e ) b a r s
In (b ) if P i8 k e p t c o n s ta iıt
16 p o lw
.
a o p ic p r o c e s s , th e p e r fe c t g a s e qu a t io n T; V
,

ĄV2 (e ) b o th (a ) a n d (b ) a b o v e
.
can be u se d on ly t o d e t e m in e
T: T2 ,
(d ) -
,
if T is k e p t co n s ta n t
( )o n
a p r o p e r ty a t
e on e o f th e s ta t e s , p r o v id e d a ll p 142
o th e r p r o p e r tie s are kn om ı
PV
(e ) = c o n s ta n t
(b ) t o r e la te th e e n d s ta te s o f a p r o c e s s T
(c ) th e in te r m e d ia te p r o p e r tie s d u r in g th e p r o c e s s 25 A b s o lu te zero pressm e w ill o c c u r

(d ) th e n a t u r e o f g a s (a ) a t s e a le v e l

ww
(e ) th e g a s c o n s t a n t (b ) a t th e c e n tr e o f th e e a r tb
17 A c lo s e d s y s te m is on e in w h ic h (e ) w h e n m o le c u la r m o m e n tu m o f th e s y s te ı
n
(a ) m d o e s n o t c r o s s b o u n d a r ie s o f t h e s y s t e m
as s b e com e s z e ro
,

w th o u g h e n e r g y m a y d o s o
(b ) ıııa s s c r o s s e s th e b o u n d a r y b u t n o t th e e n e r g y

.Ea
(c ) n e itlıe r m a s s n o r e n e r g y c r o s s e s tlıe b o ıın d a r ie s
o f th e s y s t e m

(d ) b o tlı e n e r g y a n d m a s s c r o s s th e b o tın d a r ie s o f
26
(d ) ıırıd e r

N
(e ) a t
o
a

liq u id
(a ) 2 7 3 K
te

°
v a c u 17 m

can
p e r a tu
ex is t
con

re o

a s
d it io n
f 2 7 3 °K
liq u id a t
(b ) v a
s

e u ı1 m

th e s y s t e m

syE
(e ) th e r m o d y n a n ıic r e a c tio n s t a k e p la c e 27
(e ) z e r o p r e s s tır e
(e ) in s p a c e
T he u n it o f p ow er in S I
(ů

u n
ce n

its is
tr e ofe a r th

ngi
18 T em p e r a trır e o f a g a s is p r o d u ce d du e to (a ) N e w to n (b ) P a s ca l
(a ) s h e a tin g v a lu e
it (e ) E r g (d ) W a 忱
(b ) k in e tic e n e r g y o f m o le c u le s (e ) J o u le
(c ) r e p u ls io n o f n ıo le c u le s
(d ) a ttr a c tio n o f m o le c u le s
(e ) s u r fa c e te n s io n o f m o le c u le s
nee 28 T he
p
con

res su re ca n
f p e r fe c t v a c u u m , i e , a b s o lu te
d it io n
a 忱 a in e d a t

(a ) a te m p e r a tu r e o f 2 7 3 1 6 C
be
o

°
z em

19 A cco r d in g to k in e tic th e o r y o f g a s e s th e
te m p e r a trır e is a tta in e d w h e n
,
a b s o lu te zero

rin
(b ) a te m p e r a in u e o f 0 C
(c ) a t e m p e r a e o f 2 7 3 °K
°

(a ) v o lm e o f t h e g a s is z e r o
(b ) p r e s s u r e o f th e g a s is z e r o
29
'

g.n
(d ) a n e g a tiv e p r e s s Į ır e a n d 0 °C t e n ıp e r a tm e
(e ) c a n t b e a t ta in e d
In te n s iv e p r o p e r ty o f a s y s te m is o n e w h o s e v a lu e

20
(e ) k in e t ic e n e r g y o f th e m o le c u le s is
(d ) s p e c ffic h e a t o f g a s is z e r o
(e ) n ıa s s is z e r o
R in e ţ ic th e o ry of ga s e s a s s u m es tlıa t th e
zero

c o llis io n s
te m p e r a t u
(e ) is n o
e
(a ) d e p e n d s o n th e m a s s o f tł
(b ) d o e s n o t d e p e n d o n tł

t de p en
ıe s y s te m

den t
lik e v o lu m e
ıe m a s s o f t h e s y s t e n ı lih

re pre ssu re

o n th e p a
,
e tc t
fo llo w
,

e d bu t on
?

thi
b e t r e e n th e m o le c u le s a r e s ta te
(a ) p e r fe c tly e la s tic (b ) p e r fe c tly h ıe la s tic (d ) is d e p e n d e n t on th e p a th fo llo w e d a n d n o t o lıtb
(c ) p a r tly e la s tic (d ) p a r tly in e la s t ic s ta te
(e ) p a r tly e ıa s c a iıd p a r tly in e la s tic (e ) r e n ıa in s eo n s ta iıt

21 T h e p r e s s lu e o f a g a s h ı te r m s o f its m ean k in e t ic 30 SPeeific h e a t o f a ir a t con s ta n t p r e s s r ır e is e q u a l t(

en er gy p er u n it v o h ım e E is e q u a l to (a ) 0 1 7 (b ) 0 2 1
(c ) 0 2 4 (d ) 1 0
(c ) 3 E 14 (d ) 2 E /3
31 C h a r a c te r is tic g a s con s ta iıt o f a g a s is equ a l to

22 K in e tic e n e r gy o f th e n ıo le a ıle s h ıte r m s o f a b s o lu te

te m p e r a in ır e m is p r o p o r h io n a l

1 32 T h e b e h a v io u r o fga ses ean b e ń ılly d e t e r m in e d b J

("
Ť (a ) 1 la w (b ) 2 la w s

d) (e ) 3 la w s (a 4 la w s

(e ) 5 1a w s

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

R M O D Y N A M IC S A
N D H EAT TR A N SFER 61

k d in g t o A v o g a d r o s h y p o th e s is
'
42 A cco r
T he e qu a t io n . ・ . b ) = R is k n
53 ow n
(a ) t h e m o le c u la r w e ig h t s o f a ll th e p e r fe c t g a s e s
a s

o c c u p y t h e s a m e v o lu m e u n
d e r s a m e c o n d it io n s
(a ) r e a l g a s e q u a t io n
o f p r e s s u r e a n d te m p e r a t u r e
(b ) M a x w e 1ľ s e q u a t io n
(c ) V a n d e r W a a ľ s e q u a t io n (b ) t h e s u m o f p a r tia l p r e s s u r e o f m ix t u r e o f t r o
(d ) A v o g a d r o s e q u a t io n
'
g a s e s is s u m o f t h e tw o

(e ) K in e t ic th e o r y o f g a s e s e q u a t io n
(c ) r o d u c t o f th e g a s c o n s t a ııt a n d t h e m o le c u la r
p
w e ig h t o f a n id e a lga s is c o n s ta n t
34 The ra tio o f tw o s p e c ific h e a ts o f a ir is e qu a l to
(d ) g a s e s h a v e t w o v a f s p e c i{ic h e a t lu es o
(a ) 0 1 7 (b ) 0 2 4
(e ) a ll s y s t e m s c a n b e r e g a r d e d a s c lo s e đ s y s t e m s
(c ) 0 1 (d ) 1 4 1
43 E x te n s iv e p r o p e r ty o f a s y s t e m is o n e w h o s e v a lu e
(a ) d e e n d s o n th e m a s s o f t h e s y s t e m , lik e v o lu m e
p
B o y le s la w ie p v
'
35 - con s t a n t is a p p lic a b le t o g a lik e
, ses
(b ) d o e s n o t d e p e n d o n th e m a s s o f t
h e s y s te m ,
u n der
te m p e r a t u r e , p r e s s u r e , e t c
(a ) a ll r a n g e s o f p r e s s u r e s d bu t th
(c ) is n o t d e p e n d e n t o n t h e p a t h fo llo w e on e
(b ) o n ly s m a ll r a n g e o f p r e s s u r e s s t a te

ww
(c ) h ig h r a n g e o f p r e s s u r e s
(d ) s t e a d y c h a n g e o f p r e s s u r e s
(e ) a t m o s p h e r ic c o n ť lit io n s
(d ) is d e p e n d e n t

(e ) is
s t a te

lw
on

c o n s ta n
th

t
e p a t h fo llo w e d a n d n o t o n th e

w
a a ys
36 W n ic h la w s ta t e s th a t th e in t e r n a len er gy o f a ga s is 44 W k don in fr e n s io n pro ce ss is
or e a e ex pa
a fu n c tio n
'
f te m p e r a t u
(a ) C h a r le s la w
(c ) R e g n a u 1ť 5 la w
o re ?

.Ea
(b ) J o u le
(d ) B o y le
'

'
s

s
la w
la w
(a ) + v e
(c ) z e r o
(b )
(d ) m
v e

a x im u m

syE
m in im u m
(e ) t h e r e is n o su ch la w f ll g a
45 The s ıa t m o le c u la r
t a t e m e n t tł w e ig h t s o a s e s

37 T he e v o lu m fa u ga ld p r e s e n t th e ir is k n
sa m e o se s w ou re o ccu p y th e sa m e v o lu m e ow n a s

(a ) d e n s it ie s (b ) SPecific w e ig ł ts

ngi
ı (a ) A v o g a d r o s h y p o t h e s is
(c ) m o le c u la r w e ig h t s (b ) D a lt o n s la w
(d ) g a s c h a r a c t e r is t ic c o n s t a n t s (c ) G a s la w

38
(e ) SPecific g r a v it ie s
W W C h la
re m a in s con s
w s ta te
ta n t
s

a t
th
a
a t th e s p e c ific h e a t o f a g a s
ll t e m p e r a tu r e s a n d p r e s s u r e s ? 46
nee
(d ) la w o f th e r m o d y n a m ic s

T
(e ) J o u le ' s la w
tv lu t r ic ly s is t o g r a v im e t r ic ly

rin
o con v er o m e an a an a

(a ) C h a r le s la w '
(b ) J o u le 's la w s is ,
th e r e la t iv e v o lu m e o f e a c h c o n s t it u e n t o f th e

(d ) B o y le la flu g a s e s is
'
(c ) g n a u 1 ť s la w s w e

39
(e ) th e r e is n o s u c h la w
A n o p en te m is o n e
sys w in h ic h
(a ) d iv id e d b y it s
(b ) m u lt ip lie d
m

b y it s
g.n o le c u la r
m o le c u la
w e

r w
ig h t
e ig h t

e
(a ) m a ss do e s n o t cr o s s b o u n d a r ie s o f th e s y s te m ,
(c ) m u lt ip lie d b y its d e n s it y
th o u
(b ) n e ith e r
o

(e ) b o t h
f th e
gh e n e rgy m a y d o so

sy s

e n e rgy
m a s s n o r e n e rgy c ro s s e s

te m

a n d m a ss cr o s s th e b o
th e bou

u n
n d a r ie s

d a r ie s of
47
(d ) m u lt ip lie d
(e ) d iv id e d b y
If
v o
a

h rm
ga
F
s i8 h
co n s
ea
b y it s
it s s p e c ilic
te d
t a n t , th
a

en
specific w

g a in
w
st a
w i
e ig h t

h
e g t

p re ssu r e , k
o r k d o n e w ill b e
e e

e
t
p in g th
q u a l to
e

th e sy s te m (a ) + v (b ) v e
(d ) m a ss cro ss e s th e bou n da ry bu t n o t th e e n e rgy
(e ) z e r o (d ) p r e s s u r e x v o lu ın e

(e ) t h e r m o dy n a m ie re a c tio n s do n o t o ccu r (e ) a n y w h e r e b e tw e en z e ro a n d in frn it y

g t o w h ic h la w , a ll p e r fe c t g a s e s c h a n g e n
40 A c c o r d in i 48 A n is o la te d s y s te m is on e in w h ic h
o lu b U 2 7 3 t h o f t h e ir o r ig in a l v o lu m e a t 0 °
C d o e s n o t c r o s s b o u n d a r ie s f th
v m e y (a ) m ass o e sy s te m ,
fo r e v e r y 1 ° C c h a n g e in t e m p e r a t u r e w h e n p r e s s u r e th n n g h e n e r gy m a y do s o
r e m a in s c o n Ħl a n l th e b o u d a r ie
(b ) n e ith e r m a s s n o r e n e r gy c r o s se s n s
(a ) J o u le ' s la w (b ) B o y le ' s la w o f th e s y s te m
(c ) R e g n a u 1ť s la w (d ) G a y L u ssa c la w
(c ) b o th e n e rgy an d m a ss cro ss th e bou n d a r ie s o f
C h a r le s la '
w th e s y s te m
41 G a ses h a v e (d ) m a s s cr o s se s th e bou n d a ry bu t n o t th e e n er gy
(a ) o n ly o n e v a lu e o f s p e c ific h e a t (e ) t h e r m o dy n am ic re a c t io n s do n o t o cc u r

(b ) t w o v a lu e s o f s p e c i{ic h e a t lik e p r e s s u r e , t e m p e r a t u
49 P ro p e r tie s o f s u b s t a n ce s re
(c ) t h r e e v a lu e s o f s p e c ific h e a t an d d e n s ity , in th e r m o dy n a m ic c o o r d in a t e s a r e

(d ) n o v a lu e o f s p e c ific h e a t (a ) p a th fu n c tio n s (b ) p o in t fu n c t io n s
(e ) u n d e r s o m e c o n d itio n s o n e v a lu e an d som e tim e s l f
(e ) c y c ic u n c ti o n s ( d ) r e a l fu n c t io n s
tw o v a lu e s o f sp e c ific h e a t i f ti
(e ) th e r m o đy n a m c u n c o n s

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

困 M EC H A N ı
C A L E N G IN E
ERw Đ
50 W ħic h o f th e fo llo w in g q u an titie s is n o t th e p r o p e r ty (a ) Jp d u (b ) Ju d p
o f th e s y s t e m ? (c ) c y c lic Jp d u (d ) c y c lic Ju d p
(a ) p r e s s u r e (b ) te m p e r a tu re (e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e
(c ) s p e c ific v o lu m e (d ) h e a t 61 A ib le p o ly tr o p ic p r o c e s s c a n b e d e s c r ib e d
rev ers
(e ) d e n s ity th e e q u a tio n
51 A ccor d in g t o A v o g a d r o s la
'
w ,
fo r a g iv en pre ssu re (a ) P V in - C (b ) (P V )" . C
I
an d t e m p e r a tu r e ,
e a ch m o le c u le o f a ga s
' ^
(a ) o c c u p ie s
w e ig h t
v o lu m e p r o p o r tio n a l ţ o it s m o le c u la r
,
'"
Ĺ) . c d)P V
Ł n
. C

Htx
(b ) o c c u p ie s v o lu m e pro p or tio n a l to it s s p ec ific
w e ig h t
e r s ib le p o ly tr o p ic p r o c e ss ?
(c ) o c c u p ie s v o lu m e iııv erse ly p r o p o r tio n a l t o its
】( a m s co n s ta n t
m o le c u la r w e ig h t
(b ) e n tr o p y rem a in s co n s ta n t
(d ) o c c u p ie s v o lu m e in v e rse ly p r o p o r tio n a l to it s
s p e c ifıc w e
(c ) internal e n e r g y r e m a in s c o n s t a n t
ig h t
(d ) e n t h a lp y r e m a in s c o n s t a n t
52 M ix t u
(a ) c lo s e dww
(e ) o c c u p ie s
re o f ic e
sys
s a m

te m
a n
e v o lu m

d w a
e

te r fo r m
(b ) o p e n
a

s y s te m
63
(e ) s o m e h e a t t r a n s fe r t a k e s p la c e
S p e c ifıc h ea t o f a ir a t con s ta n t v o lu m e C
.
is e qu a la

53
(a ) p r e
w
(c ) is o la t e d s y s t e m
(e ) t h e r m o d y n a m ic
WWCh o f th e fo llo w in g is th
s s u r e a n d t e m p e r a tu
s y

.Ea
s te m
(d ) h e t e r o g e n

e p r o p e r ty
?
o
e ou s s

f a s
y s te

y s te m
m

64
(a ) 0 1 7
(c ) 0 2 4

T he re la t io n sh ip b e t w e en
(b ) 0 2 1
(d ) 1 0

tw o s p e c ific h e a ts q aq

syE
r e
C is g iv e n a s fo llo w s
(b ) in t e r n a l e n e r g y (c ) v o lu m e a n d d e n s ity .

(d ) e n th a lp y a n d e n tr o p y (e ) a ll o f t h e a b o v e
54 0 ig h t b a s iB

ngi
n w e
,
a ir con t a in s fo llo w in g p a r ts o f
ox yge n

(a ) 2 1 (b ) 2 3 (e ) C + C - R U

nee
. p
(e ) 2 5 (d ) 7 3 65 The lu e o f C fo r o x y g e n is 5 c a llm le ° K a n đ tm
v a o
.
(e ) 7 9 r a tio o f s p e c ific h e a t s is 1 4 T h e d iffe
r e n ce b e tw e e z
55 W h ic h o f th fo llo w in g is t th in t e n s iv C a n d C is
pro peń y ?

rin
e n o e e p .

(a ) p r e s s u r e (b ) t e m p e r a t u r e
(c ) d e n s it y (d ) h e a t (c ) 2 4 (d ) 3 2

56
(e ) s p e c ifıc
W W C h o f th
v o

e
lu m e

fo llo w in g it e m s is n o t a p a th fu n c tio n ? 66
(e ) 3 4
T he v a lu e o f p o ly t r o
g.n
p ic e x p o n e n t n in th e re v e rs ib li

e
(a ) h e a t (b ) w o rk
l
p y r o p ic p r o c e s s u s u a lly v a r ie s b e t w e e n
o w

57
(c ) k in e tic e n e r g y
(e ) th e r m a l c o n d u c t iv it y
W
p a ir
o rk

o
don
fe n d
e
(d ) J u d p

in
s ta te
a n

s
a d ia b a t ic p r o
de pen ds o n
cess b e tw e en a g iv e n
67
(a ) 0 1 t o 1
(c ) 1 2 t o 1 4
(e ) n
If t h e
on e o

v a lu e o f n is h i h i
g
(b ) 1 t o 1 2
(d ) 1 5 t o 2 0
f th e a bov
n t h e p o l tr o
y
e

p ic p r o c e q
t
th e n t h e c o m p r e s s o r w o r k b e t
(a ) t h e e n d s t a t e s o n ly
h m it s w ill b e
w e e n
g iv e n p r e s s u ı i
(b ) p a r tic u la r a d ia b a tic p r o c e s s
(c ) th e v a lu e o f in d e x n (a ) le s s (b ) m o r e
(d ) th e v a lu e o f h e a t t r a i ıs fe r r e d (c ) n o e ffe c t (d ) z e r o
(e ) m ä s s o f t h e s y s t e m (e ) in {in it e
58 H t a n d w o rk 68 The lu fn 1 in th p o ly tr o p ic p r o
v a e o
e a a re =
e ce ss in d ic a tel
it t o b e
(a ) p o in t fu n c t io n s (b ) s y s t e m p r o p e r tie s
(c ) p a t h fu n c tio n s (d ) in t e n s iv
(a ) r e v e r s ib le p r o c e s s (b ) is o t h e r m a l p r o c e s s
e p ro p e r tie s
(e ) e x t e n s iv (c ) a d ia b a t ic p r o c e B s (d ) ir r e v e r s ib le p r o c e s s
e p r o p e r tie s
59 W W C h o f th e fo llo w in g p a r a
(e ) fr e e e x p a n s io n p r o c e s s
m e te rs is c o n s ta n t fo r a
n ıo le fo r m o s t o f t h e g a s e s
69 Th e a d ia b a tic tio n f
a t a g iv en te m p e r a tu r e
e qu a o a p e r fe c t ga s is
a n d p re s su re ? (o p v _ co n s ta n t (b ) p v h
ta 1 ıt
. con s

(a ) e n t h a lp y (b ) v o lu m e

(c ) m a ss (d ) e n tr o p y (c ) p v = co n s ta n t (d ) p V ・
c o n s ta n t
(e ) SPecific v o lu m e 1

60 W n ic h f th e fo llo w in g q u a n titie s d o
o n o t re pre sen t (e ) p y Y
= co n s ta n t
th e p r o p e r ty o f t h e s y s t e m ?

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

"
ĺ§
/ğ l iiĘ

TO S o lid s a n d liq u id s h a v e
78 T h e te r m N T P s t a n d s fo r
(a ) o n e v a lu
f s p e c ific h e a t e o
(a ) n o n ıin a l t e n ıp e r a t u r e a n d p r e s s u r e
(b ) tw o v a lu e s o f s p e c ific h e a t
(b ) n a tu r a l t e m p e r a tu r e a n d p r e s s u r e
(c ) th r e e v a lu e s o f s p e c ific lıe a t (c ) n l te tu re a n d pre ssu re
o r m a m p e r a
(d ) n o v a lu e o f s p e c ifıc h e a t a n ıic r a c t ic e
(d ) n o rm a l th e r m o dyn p
(e ) o n e v a lu e rın der s o n ıe c o n d itio n d tw lu
s a n o v a e s (e ) n o rm a ic p r e s s u r e
l th e r m o dyn a m
u n de r o th e r co n d it io n s
79 A h e a t e x c h a n g e p r o c e s s in w h ic h t h e p r o d u c t o f p r e s
A p e r fe c t g a s a t 2 7 C is h e a t e d a t c o n s t a n t p r e s s u r e
°
71 s u r e a n d v o lu rııe r e m a in s c o n s t a n t is k n o w n a s
till it s v o lu m e is d o u b le T h e fin a l t e m
p e r a t u r e iB (a ) h e a t e x c h a n g e p r o c e s s
(a ) 5 4 C (b ) 3 2 7 ° C
°

(b ) tl o tt lin g p r o c e s s (c ) is e n tr o p ic p r o c e s s
(c ) 1 0 8 C
°
(d ) 6 5 4 °C (e ) h y p e r b o lic p r o c e s s
(d ) a d ia b a t ic p r o c e s s
(e ) 6 0 0 C
°

80 Th e internal e n e rgy o fa s y s te m is a fu n c t io n o f o n ly
72 C u rv e A in F ig B e lo w com p a r e d to c u B d C
rv e s a n (a ) p r e s s u r e
sh o w s th e fo llo w in g t y p e o fex p n s io n
a
(b ) t e m p e r a t u re (a b s o lu t e )
(a ) p y " C =
(b ) is o th e r m a l
(c ) v o lu

ww
m e
b
(c ) a d ia a t ic (d ) fr e e e x p a n s io n
(d ) p r e ssu re a n d te m p e ra tu re
(e ) th r o tt lin g d lu
(e ) p r e ssu re ,
te n ıp e r a tu r e a n v o m e

Î 1
w.E ' 81 In a n is o t h e r m a lpro ce ss th e internal e n er gy o fga s
,

m o le c u le s
(a ) in cr e a se s (b ) d e c r e a se s

asy (c ) r e m a in s
(d ) m a y
p
in
ro p e r tie
co n s

cre a se

s of ga s
ta n t
/d e c r e a se d e p e n d in g o n th e

E x pa n s io n ― ― V
V 2
E ngi
82
(e ) s h
Z e r o th la
(a ) d e a ls
ow s u n

w ith
o
p r e d ic t a b le b e h
f th e rm

c o n v e r s io n

r e v e r s ib ih ty
o d y r ıa m

o f
a v

ic s
m
io u

a s s a n
r

d e n er gy

nee
73 C u r v e B in F ig A bo v e com p a r e d to c u rv e s A a n d C (b ) d e a ls w it h a n d ir r e v e rs ib ilit y o f
sh o w s th e fo llo w in g t y p e o f e x p a n s io n p ro ce s s

(a ) p v n . C (b ) is o t h e r m a l (c ) s t a t e s th a t if tw o s y s te m s a re b o th in

(c ) a d ia b a t ic
(e ) t h r o t tlin g
(d ) fr e e e x p a n s io n e

th
q u ilib r iu
l e q u ilib r iu m w it h
e r m a
m

rin
w it h a t h ir d s y s t e m
e a ch o th
,

e r
th e y a re in

74 C C in F ig A b o v e c o m p a r e d t o c u r v e s A
u r v e

s h o w s t h e fo llo w in g t y p e o f e x p a n s io n
a n d B

83
(d ) d e a ls w it h h e a t e n g in e s
(e ) d o e s n o t e x is t
If t a in g.n t f d r y ic e is ix e d w it h s a m e
(b ) is o t h e r m a l

e
a ce r a m o u n o m
(a ) p y n . C

t
a m o u n t o f w a te r a t 8 0 °C t h e fin a l te m p e r a tu r e o f
(c ) a d ia b a t ic (d ) fr e e e x p a n s io n ,

m ix t u re w ill b e
(e ) t h r o t t lin g
(a ) 8 0 C °
(b ) 0 C °

75 If v a lu e o f n is in fin it e ly la r g e in a p o ly tr o p ic p r o c e ss
(c ) 4 0 C °
(d ) 2 0 C
C t h e n t h e p r o c e s s is k n o n a s c o n s ta n t
p y
" - w
,
(e ) 6 0 C °

(a ) v o lu m e (b ) p r e s s u r e
84 T h e b a s is fo e a s u r in g t h e r m o d y n
r m a n ıic p ro p e r ty o f
(c ) t e m p e r a t u r e (d ) e n t h a lp y
te mp i
e ra
s g iv e n b y
tu re
(e ) e n tr o p y
(a ) z e r o th la w o f th e r m o d y n a m ic s
76 T h e in d e x f s s io n n te n d s to r e a c h ra tio o f
o com pre
(b ) fir s t la w o f th e m ıo d y n a m ic s
s p e c ific h e a ts y w he n

dy
(c ) s e c o n d la w o f t h e r m o d y n a m ic s
(a ) flo w is u n ifo rm a n d s te a
(d ) th ir d la w o f th e r m o d y n a n ıic s
(b ) p r o c e s s is is e n t r o p ic
(e ) A v o g a d r o s h y p o th e s is
'

(c ) p r o c e s s is is o t h e r m a l
ific h t do 86 0 n e w a tt is e qu a l to
(d ) p r o c e s s is is e t r o p ic a n d
n sp e c ea e s n o t

ch a n ge w it h t e m p e r a t u r e
(e ) p r o c e es is is e n t r o p ic a n d s p e c ific h e a t c ha n ges
w it h t e m p e r a tu r e (e ) 1 k N m /n ıt

77 C h a n g e in th lp y o fa sy s te m is t h e heat su p p lie d 86 W or k do n e is ze ro fo r th e fo llo w in g p r o c e s s

e n a

a t (a ) c o n s t a n v t o lu m e (b ) fr e e e x p a n s io n

(a ) c o n s t a i ıt p r e s s u r e (b ) c o n s t a n t te m p e r a tu re (c ) th r o 忱 lin g (d ) a ll o f th e a b o v e
(c ) c o n s t a n t v o lu m e (d ) c o n s t a n t en tr o p y (e ) n o n e o f th re a bov e

llo w in g b s ta th ga la
w h ic h o f 1th e fo
n ce s e s w s
(e ) N T P c o n d it io n 87 Por su

ca n be u se d M r it h m in im u m e rro r

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

嚇
■
■ ■
■国 ņ E C H M Tß A L E N c IN E E
R ı
NG

(o ) d r y s t e a ın (b ) w e t s te a m 97 F or w h ic h th e fo llo w in g s u b s ta n c e s th e i
of
, n te n
al
ı
(c ) s a tu r a te d s te a m (d ) s u p e r h e a te d s te a m e n e r gy a n d e n th a lp y a r e th e fu n c tio n s o f te
m per
a
(e ) s te a ın a t a tm o sph e ń c p re ss u re
tu re o n ly

8& O n e c a lo r ie in k g n ıis e q u a l to (a ) a n y g a s (b ) s a tu r a te d s te a m
(a ) 0 4 2 7 (b ) 4 2 7 (c ) w a te r (d ) p e r fe c t g a s
(c ) 4 2 7 (d ) 4 2 7 (e ) s u p e r h e a te d s te a m

(e ) 4 2 7 0 98 In a fr e e p a n s io n p r o c e s s ?
ex

89 T he ex p r e s s io n jp d v ca n be u se d fo r o b t a i in g w o rk
(a ) w o r k d o n e is z e r o (b ) h e a t tr a n s fe r is z e ro

of (c ) b o th (a ) a n d (b ) a b o v e
(G ) n on n ow
r e v e r s ib le p r o c ė s s (d ) w o r k d o n e is z e r o b u t h e a t in c r e a s e s
(b ) s te a d y H o w r e v e r s ib le p r o c e s s (e ) w o r k d o n e is z e r o b u t h e a t d e c r e a s e s
tc ) a d ia b a t ic ir r e v e r s ib le p r o c e s s 99 If a g a s v a pou r is a llo w e d to ex p a n d th r o u g h a ver
y
(d ) th r o ttlin g p r o c e s s m in u te a p e r tu r e ,
th e n su ch a p r o c e s s is k n o w n as
(e ) a l1 o f th e bov (a ) fr e e n s io n (b ) h y p e r b o lic e x p a n s io n

ww
a e ex pa
90 In n ow r e v e r s ib le (c ) a d ia b a tic s io n (d ) p a r a b o lic e x p a n s io n
a n on
p r o c e s s fo r w h ic h p - ( 3V ex pan
1 5 ) × 1 0 5 N lm 2
V ch a n 3
(e ) th r o ttlin g
+
, g e s fr o m 1 m to 2 m
a The

w
w o rk đo n e w ilıb e a bou t 10 0 T h e s p e c ific h e a t o f a ir in cr e a s e s w ith in cre a se in
(a ) 1 0 0 × 1 0 0 5 jo u le s (b ) l 105 jo u le s

.Ea
×
(a ) t e m p e r a tu re (b ) p r e s s u re
(c ) 1 0 × 1 0 5 jo u le s (d ) ı0 1 0 5 k ilo
× jo u le s (c ) b o th p r e s s u r e a n d te m p e r a tu re
(e ) 1 0 × 1 0 4 k ilo jo u le s (d ) v a r ia tio n o f it s c o n s titu e n ts
91 The
tlıe g a s
ııIL S
v a lu
cı

u n
e o

ıa r a c te
f th

it is
e

syE
p r o d u c t o f m o le c u la r w e ig h t a n d
ń s tic c o n s t a n t fo r a ll th e a s e s in
g 101
(e ) a ir flo w
If a flu id e x p a n d s s u d d e n ly in to v
o r ifīc e o f la r g e d im e n s io n
a cu u m th rou gh an

ngi
th e n su c h a p ro ce ss is
(b ) 8 3 1 4 k g tm /ın o ľ K
,

c a lle d
(c ) 8 4 8 k g fm h ııo ľ K (d ) 4 2 7 k g fm /m rK
o (a ) fr e e ex pa n s io n (b ) h y p e r b o lic e x p a n s io n
(e ) 7 3 5 k g tm /m o ľ iĹ
92 0
o
n

w ge n
v o lm e b a s is ,
a ir co n t a in s fo llo w in g p a r t s o
nee
f
10 2
(e ) th r o ttlin g
W W C h o f t h e fo llo w in
(d ) P a r a b o lic e x p a n s io n

rin
(a ) 2 1 g prop er ty rem a in s co n s ta n t
(b ) 2 3 d u r in g th ro tt lin g p r o ce ss ?
(c ) 2 5 (d ) 7 7 (a ) in t e r n a len er gy (b ) p r e s s u r e
(e ) 7 9
93 U
o
n iv e r s a ıg a s c o n s t a n t is d e fin e d
a s e qu
f t h e n ıo le c u la r w e ig h t o f th e a s a n d
g
a l to p r o d u c t (e ) v o lu m e
g.n (d ) e n t h a lp y

e
103 WWCh f t h e fo llo w in g r o c e s s e s
o
(a ) s p e c ific h e a t a t c o n s t a n t p r e s s u r e p a re th e rm o dy n a m i

t
c a lly r e v e r s ib le ?
(b ) s p e c ific h e a t a t c o n s ta n t v o lu m e
(a ) th r o t t lin g (b f ) r e e e x p a n s io n
(e ) r a t io o f t w o s p e c ific h e a t s
(c ) c o n s t a n t v o lu m e a n d c o n s t a t
(d ) g a s c o n s t a n t n pressu re
(d ) h y p e r b o lic a n d p w C
(e ) u n it y .

(e ) iB o th e r m a l a n d a d ia b a t ic
94 T he v a lu e o f th e p r o d u c t f le c u la r w
o m o e ig h t a n d 104 W h ic h f t h e fo llo
tı
ıe g a ch a r a c t e r is tic
o w in g p r o ce s s e s is ir r ib le
s c o n s t a ııt fo r a ll th e ga ses in e v e r s

S I it s is pro ce s s ?
u n
Ĺa ) is o th e r m a l (b ) a d ia b a t ic
(a ) 2 9 2 7 J /】 ￡n ıo 1 K
°
(b ) 8 3 14 J /k m o l K
(c ) 8 4 8 J /】
m ıo l K
°
(d ) 4 2 7 J /】 (d ) a ll o f th e a b o v
￡m o 1 K e
°

(e ) n on e o f th e a bov
(e ) 7 3 5 J /】
ĺ n ıo l K
e
10 5 In or d e r th a t a c y c le be
95 T lıe m o le c u la r ig h t e x p r e s s e d in rev e rs ib le fo llo w in t be
w e
g m (i e 1 gm t is iie d
g m u s
sa
o le ) o f a ll g a s e a t N T P o ccu
p ie s a v o lu m
m s
e o f (a ) fr e e e x p a n s io n o r fr ic t io n
(a ) 2 2 4 litr e s (b ) 2 9 2 7 litr e s r e s is t e d e x p a i ıs io n /
comp r e s s io n p r o c e s s s h o u ld n o t b e e n c o u n te r e d
(c ) 4 2 7 litr e s (d ) 8 4 8 litr e s
(b ) w h e n h e a t is b e h ı a b s o b d
(e ) l lit r e g r e te m p e r a tu r e o f h o t
s o u r c e a n d w o r k in
g s u b s t a i ıc e s h o u ld b e s a m e
96 S t r ic t ly s p e a k in g a ll e n g h ıe e r in g p r o c e s s e s a re (c ) w h e n lıe a t is b e in r e
g je c t e d t e m p e r a t u r e o f c o ld
(a ) q u a s i s t a tic \o u r c e a n d w o r k i
n g s u b s t a n c e s h o u ld b e s a m e
(b ) t h e r m o d y n a n ıic a lly in e q u ilib r iu m (d ) a ll o f th e a b o v e (e ) n o n e o f t h e a b o v e
(e ) r e v e r s ib le 10 6 F o r a th e r m o d n a
y m ic p r a c e s s t o b e r e v e r s ib le tb e
(d ) ir r e v e rs ib le t e n ıp e r a t u r e d iĦb r e n
c e b e tw e e n h o t b o d rk
y a n d w o
(e ) b a se d on fir s t a n d se con d la w s o f th em ıo
in g s u b s t a n c e s h o u ld b
e
dyn u n ie s (a ) z e r o (b ) m in im u m

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

FH E R M O D Y N
A M IC S A N D H E A T T R A N S F E R 65

(c ) m a x in ıu n ı (d ) in fin it y (b ) a d ia b a tic )a n s io n o f s te a m in re c ip r o c a tin g

(e ) th e r e is n o su c h cr it e r io n
s te a m en g in e

10 7 M in im u m w o r k in co m p re ssor ie p o s s ib le h e n th e (c ) id e a l c o m p r e s s io n o f a ir
w
v a lu e f a d ia b a t ic in d e x is e q u a l t o
o n
(d ) a d ia b a t ic c o m p r e a s io n o f a ir
(a ) 0 7 5 (b ) 1 (e ) fr e e e x p a n s io n o f a n id e a l g a s

(c ) 1 2 7 (d ) 1 3 5 c r e a s in g ßī c ie n c y f
1 16 T h e m o r e e ffe c t iv e w a y o f in e o
(e ) 2 c a r n o t e n g in e is to
10 8 2 k g o f s u b s t a n c e r e c e iv e s 5 0 0 k J a n d u n d e r o (a ) in c r e a s e h ig h e r t e m p e r a t u r e
g e s a
t e m p e r a tu r e c h a n g e fr o m 1 0 0 ° C t o 2 0 0 ° C T h e a v er (b ) d e c r e a s e M g h e r te m p e r a t u r e
a g e s p e c ilic h e a t o f s u b s t a n c e d u r in
g th e p r o c e s s w ill (c ) in c r e a s e lo w e r t e m p e r a t u r e
be
(d ) d e c r e a s e lo w e r t e m p e r a t u r e
(e ) k e e p lo w e r t e n ıp e r a t u r e c o n s t a n t
(a ) 5 k °
K (b ) 2 5
g kg °
K 116 E n tr o p y ch a n ge de p e n ds on
】J m (a ) h e a t t r a n s fe r (b ) m a s s t r a n s fe r
(e ) 1 0 k (d ) 2 5
g
°
K kg °
K (c ) c a n g e o t e m p e r a u
h f t r e

(e ) 1 5
kg ww 】
in Į

°
K
1 17
(d ) t h e r m o d y n a iııic s t a t e

F
(e ) c h a i ıg e o f p r e s s u r e a n d v o lu m e
ib le d ia b a tic p r o ce ss c h a iıg e h ıe n tr o p y

w
or r ev e r s a ,

109 T he s p e c ific w o r k in p u t d u r in g a c o m p r e s s io n c c le is
y

.Ea
fi o n ıp to p ・ if c o m p r e s s io n is is o t h e r ın a l is iv e n
1 2 g , (a ) m n r r im u m (b ) m in im u m
by
(c ) z e r o (d ) u n p r e d ic t a b le
(e ) n e g a tiv e
w l p lu 1 ro g
P 1
10 '

syE ı1 8 Is o c h
(a ) fr e e
(b ) v
o r ic p r o
ex p
ce s s

a n s io n

h t t le
is on e

ta k e
e ch a n
s
in
p la
ic a l
w h ic h
ce

k is don by th

ngi
e ry m w o r e e

sy s te m
(c ) n o ın e c h a ııic a l w o r k is d o n e b y t h e s y s t e ın

(e ) P 1
U
1
lo g
.
p 1
P 2
nee
ı1 9
(d ) a ll p a r a m e t e r s r e m a in c o n s t a n t

P
(e ) m a s s a n d e n e r g y t r a n s fe r d o n o t t a k e p la c e
o ljr Łr o p ic in d e x is g iv e n by

rin
n
1 10 A ir is t o b e e o n ıp r e s s e d fr o n ı a t m o s p h e r ic c o n d it io n
to 7 a ta p r e s s u r e In w h ic h e a s e t h e h e a t tr a n s fe r r e d
w ill b e m in im m lo g (u J u 2 ) lo g (u J u 2 )
(a ) is o t h e m ıa 1
(c ) p o ly tr o p ic
(b ) a d ia b a t ic
(d ) is o c h o r ic lo g (p ż Tp 1 ) g.n lo g (p 2 /p 1 )

111
(e ) p u ' 3 5 C
1
ex

w
m

pa
a

ill b e
n
o f a
.

ir
d fr e e ly t o
a t a p re ssu re

a v o lu m e
o f 1 0 k g /c m 2 is
o f 10 m
a T h
e
a

w or
llo w e d t o
k don e
12 0 W he
fo r m
n a

cro ss
g a s flo w
s e c t io n
e
s th r o u g h a v e r y lo n g p ip e

th e flo w is a p p r o x iıııa t e ly
t o f u n i
(a ) z e r o (b ) v e ,

(c ) + v e (d ) 1 0 5 k g m
(a ) is e n t r o p ic (b ) is o b a r ic
(e ) 9 10 4 kg (c ) is o t h e r m a l (d ) a d ia b a t ic
× m

1 0 3 N lm 2 (e ) is o c h o r ic
1 12 M la r v o lu m e
o le c u o fa y
iı p e r fe c tga s a t 600 ×

an d 2 7 ° C w ill b e 12 1 Th e w or k do n e in th e ex p a n e io n o f a g a s f o ın v o l
(b ) 4 0 0 m a /k g n ıo l u m e V to V m đe r con s t a n t p r e s s u r e p is e q u a l t o
(a ) 4 1 7 m a /k g m o l 1 ,

(c ) 0 1 5 n ıa /k g m o l (d ) 4 1 7 m 3 /k g n ıo l (a ) z e r o (b ) p (V V )
z ,

(e ) 4 1 7 n ı3 /k g m o l (c ) p (V , + V )
1
(d ) p (V z V )
1

113 A ga s is co m p d in a c y lin d e r b y a m o v a b le p is
re sse

to n to a v o lu m h a lf it s o r ig in a l v o lu m e D u r in g
e on e
122 A n e x p a n s io n proce ss a s p er la w p v = con s ta n t is
th e p ro ce ss 3 0 0 k J h e a t le ft th e g a s a n d in te r n a l 뇨n ow n a s

en e r gy rem a in e d s a m e T h e w o r k d o n e o n g a s in N m (a ) p a r a b o lic ex p a ııs io n (b ) h y p e r b o lic e x p a n s io n

w ill b e (c ) is e n tr o p ic e x p a n s io n (d ) a d ia b a tic e x p a n s io n
(a ) 3 0 0 N n ı (b ) 3 0 0 0 0 0 N
,
m (e ) fr e e e x p a n s io n
(c ) 3 0 N m (d ) 3 0 0 0 N m 12 3 U d e r id e a l c o n d itio n s , is o tlıe m ıa 1, is o b a r ic , is o c h o ıi c
n
(e ) 3 0 0 0 0 N ,
m a n d a d ia b a tic p r o c e s s e s a r e
1 14 T h e la (b ) d y n a m ic p r o c e s s e s
w p ur is n o t a p p lic a b le fo r (a ) s t a t ic p r o c e s s e s
(a ) a d ia b a t i, ! e x p a n s io n o f s te a n ı in tu r b in e (c ) q u a s i s t a t ic p r o ce sse s

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

■ CA L ENG ı
M EC H A N ı N EEqı
N Q ą
园 (d ) It is th e f\ın c t
io n o f s p e c ific h e a t a t c o n B ta
n t

(d ) s t a b le p r o c e s s e s v o lu m e

p r o p e r ty
ŕ t in e sy ste m
(e ) th e r ın o d y n a m ic p r s iv e
o ce sses te n o
(e ) It is th e ex
y be ex pre sse d a s
lie d t o a s y s t e m to d o k W
d ia b a tic p ro ce ss m a '
w o r
124 R e v e r s ib le a If 'H b e th e h e a t s u p p
13 2
f A U , th e n
i in te r n a l e n e r g y o
w ith c h a n g e n
(b ) A U = H + W
ur (d ) (P t'p 2 P
1 (a ) H = A U + W
(c ) (V 2 'V 1 P (d ) H = W /A U
(c ) W = H + A U
(e ) (a ) a n d (b ) a b o v e

te rs r e m a in s c o n s t a n
t Le \ H = Ķ U TW
W h ic h o f th e follońng p a r a m
e
12 5 d d fo r r a is in
to r e d in th e g a s a n u se g
ss ? H t e n e r gy s
d u r in g id e a l th r o ttliııg p r o c e 13 3 ea
fa ga is k n o w n a s
(a ) p r e s s u r e ( t e m p e r a tu
b ) re te m p e r a tu re o s

(d ) e n tr o p y len e rgy
(b ) internal e n e r gy
(c ) v o lu m e (a ) th e r m a

la (d ) e n th a lp y
X = (c ) n ıo le c u r en er gy
B d C
, ig B e lo w c o m p a r e d t o c u r v bov
a n
e s
(e ) n o n e o f th e a e
1ı 2a "6
fo llo w in g ty p e o f c o m p r e s s io n f th e r m dyn a m ic s
A c c o r d in g t o fir s t la w
th e o
s how s o
13 4

w旧医团
ww 团■
(a ) w o r k d o n e b y a
tr a n s fe r r e d b y th e

(b ) t o t a l in te r n a l
a in
e n e r gy

s co n s
s
s y s te m

y s te

ta n
m

t
f a
is

sys
e qu

te m
a l to

d u r in g
heat

ce ss re m

.Ea
pro
d tr o p y d u r in g a
t h a lp y a n e n
(c ) internal e n er gy ,
en

in c o n s ta n t
pro ce ss re m a

syE
in s co n s ta n t
(d ) t o ta l e n e r g y o f a s y s te
m r e n ıa

in s co n s ta n t
(e ) e n tr o p y o f a s y s t e m r e
m a

V2 p re s s u re ıv
1
ith be cre a te d d e s t r o y e d b u t c a iı
n or
ı
E e r

ngi
gy ca n n e
135 n e r
c o m p re s s io n V
t e d fr o o n e fo rm t o o t h e r i8 in fe r r e d fr o m
be co n v er m

(a ) is e n t r o p ic (b ) p v n C .
f th dyn a m ic
(a ) z e r o th lo w o e rm o
l

nee
(c ) a d ia b a tic (d ) is o th e m ıa ic s
(b ) fir s t la w o f t h e r m o d y n a m
(e ) n o n e o f t h e bov e d m ic s
(c ) s e c o n d la w to th e r m
a a
o y n
d to c u rv e s A a n d C
C B in F ig A b o v e c o ın pa re
i
127 u rv e
(d ) b a s ic la w o f t h e r m o d y n a m c s
sh ow s fo u o w in g t y p e
(a ) is e n tr o p ic
o f com p r e s s io n
(b ) p 1P ı C =
(e ) c la u
F ir s t la w
s s iu
rin
s s

f th e r m
ta te m

dyn
e n t
ic s fu m is h e s th e r e la t io n

g.n
l o a m
(c ) a d ia b a t ic (d ) is o th e r m a 13 6 o

f th bov s h ip b e t w e en
(e ) n on e o e a e

d to c u A a n d B (a ) h e a t a n d w or k
C in F ig A b o v e Tv e s

e
com pa re
12 8 C u r v e
fcom s s io n (b ) h t, w o r k a n d p r o p e r tie s o f th e s y s te m
s h o w s fo llo w in g ty p e s

t
o p r e e a

(b ) p y C p e r t ie s o f th e te
h
a r io u s sy s m
(a ) is e n t r o p ic
=
(c ) v pro
(d ) is o th e r m a l a r io u s th e r m dyn ic p r o ce sse s
(c ) a d ia b a t ic (d ) v o a m

(e ) n on e o f th e a bov e (e ) h e a t a n d internal e n er gy
liq u id b o ils a t c o n s t a n t p r e s s u re th e fo llo w d is l to
W h th lp y in a c lo s e s y s te m e qu a
a Ch g e in
,
12 9 en 13 7 a n e n a

in g p a r a m e t e r in c r e a s e s he a t tr a n s fe r r e d if t h e r e v e rs ib le p r o ce ss ta k e s p la c e
(a ) t e m p e r a tu r e (b ) h e a t o f v a p o r is a t io n
ta t
a t con s n

(e ) k in e t ic e n e r g y (d ) e n tr o p y (b ) t e m p e r a t u
(a ) p r e s s u r e re

(e ) fr e e e n er gy (c ) v o lu m e (d ) in t e r n a l e n e r gy
M im u m k b y a n e x p a n s io n o f a g a s in a c lo s e d
w o r
13 0 a x
(e ) e n t r o p y
l
is p o s s ib le w h e n p r o c e s s t a k e s p a c e a c o
t n
sy s te m
le
13 8 In a n is o t h e r m a lpro ce ss ,
th e in t e rn a n e r gy
s ta n t
(b ) te m p e r a tu re (a ) in cre a se s (b ) d e c r e a se s
(a ) p r e s s u r e
(d ) e n th a lp y (c ) r e m a in s co n s ta n t
(c ) v o lu m e
(d ) fir s t in cr e a se s a n d th e n d e c r e a se s
(e ) e n tr o p y
t a te t bou t e n th a lp y ? (e ) fır s t d e c r e a se s a n d t h e n in cre a se s
13 1 W H ic h is fa ls e s m e n a
1ı
o f internal en er gy a n d th e Cha in internal t m is e q
e n e r g y in a c lo s e d s y s e
(a ) E n th a ]p y is t h e s u m 13 9 n ge k ıı
t a
pre ssu re v o lu m e p ro du ct to h e a t tr a n s fe r r e d if th e r e v e r s ib le p r o c e s e
n s fe r du r in g c o n s t a i ıt
(b ) It is th e sa m e a s h e a t tr a p la c e a t con s ta n t

p r e s s 1ır e p r o c e s s (a ) p r e s s u re (b ) t e m p e r a t u re

h t t ta n t
p e c ific
con s e n e r gy
(c ) It is th e fu n c tio n o f s e a a
(c ) v o lu m e (d ) internal
p r e s s lu e (e ) e n t r o p y

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

回国团团团团团■国
A M IC S A N D H E A T T R A N S F E R
TH E R M O D Y N 67

14 0 T he ū rs t la w o f th er m o dy n ic s de
a m w a s v e lo p e d b y (a ) in c r e a s e s (b ) d e c r e a se s
(a ) C h a r le s (b ) C a r n o t (c ) r e m a in s s a m e
(c ) E ie n s t in (d ) K e lv in d th decre
(d ) first n c r e a s e s a n e n a se s
(e ) J o u le d th e in
(e ) n r s t d e c r e a s e s a n n cre a se s

ı4 1 A c c o r d in g t o fir s t la w o f th e r m dyn ic s by
o a m 14 9 In a p o ly wr o p ic p r o ce s s heat re je c te d is g iv e n
(a ) m a ss a n d e n e rgy a r e m tu lly
u a con v er tib le
7 th
(b ) C a rn o t e n g in e is m os t e ffic ie n t (a ) × w or k don e on e s y s te m

Y 1
(c ) h e a t a n d w o r k a r e m u tu a lly co n v e r t ib le
(b ) 7
n
(d ) m a s s a n d lig h t a r e m u tu a lly con v er tib le x W o rk do n e on th e s y s te m

(e ) h e t flo fr o hot b s ta 7 1
a w s m su n ce to co ld su b s t a i ıc e
14 2 T o ta l h e a t o f a su b s ta n ce is a ls o k n W k do th te m
ow n a s (c ) × or n e o n e sy s
(a ) in t e r n a l e n e r g y (b ) e n tr o p y
(c ) th e r m a l c a p a c it y (d ) e n t h a lp y
(d ) × W o r k do n e o n th e s y s te m
(e ) t h e r m a l c o n d u c t a n ce

ı4 3 F ir s t la w o f th e rm o dy n a m ic s (e ) w or k don e o n th e sy s te m s

t o th
(b ) d o e s ww
(a ) e n a b le s t o d e t e r m in
e sy s

n o t h
te m

lp t o p r e d ic t w h e th
e
e c h a n g e in in t e

er th e s
rn a l

y s te
en er

m w
gy

ill
15 0 H

(a l
e a

'
t tr a

￠
n s fe r

C {T .
du r

T )
in g p o ly tr o p ic p r o

(b )
ı n

1
ce ss

C {T
t .
is g iv

T
e n

)
by

w
1 了
t
了
or n o t u n de rgo a ch a n ge
ı n Į

.Ea
(c ) d o e s n o t e n a b le t o d e te r m in e c h a n g e in e n tr o p y Lc ì C ŢT ? V) (d ) c w .
T )
z ,
1 Y
L
r 1 .

(d ) p r o v id e s r e la t io n s h ip b e t w e e n h e a t, w o r k a n d
in te rn a len e r gy

syE
(e )
(e ) a ll o f t h e a bo v e
Y
2 1

14 4 A d d it io n o fh ea t a t c o n s ta n tpr e s su r e to ga lt s c y c le ?
a s re su W ic h is fa ls e bou t C t
15 1 n s ta te m en t a a rn o
in
(a ) A ll th e th l g in b d Carnot

ngi
e rm a e n e s a r e a se o n
(a ) r a is in g it s t e m p e r a tu r e
c y c le
(b ) r a is in g it s p r e s s u r e (b ) I t is r e p r e s e n t e d a s a s ta n dard o fp e r fe c t io n

nee
(c ) r a is in g it s v o lu m e (c ) I t p r o v id e s c o n c e p t o f m a x im is in g w o r k o u tp u t
(d ) r a is in g it s t e m p e r a t u re a n d d o in g e x te rn a lw or k b e tw e e n tw o te m p era tu r e lim it s
(e ) d o in g ex t e r n a l w o r k (d ) T h e d e g r e e o f p e r fe c tio n f o th
o e r e n g in e s ca n be
14 5 W
by
or k do n e in re v e rs ib le a d ia b a t ic p ro ce ss is g iv en co m p a re d w

rinY
it h C a r n o t c y le c

g.n
(e ) 1 1 o f C a rn o t c y c le =

P z vz P 1V
(a ) (b )
1 死 了 1
152 C a rn o t c y c le h a s m a x im u m e ffic ie n c y fo r

1 Y J
(P 2 V z P 1
V )
1

153
(a ) r e v

M
(c ) n e w

(e ) d ie s e l e n g in
e a su rem
e rs

e n
ib le

g in

e n t
e n

o
e
g in

e e

f t e m p e r a t u r e is b a
(b ) ir r e v e r s ib le
(d ) p e tr o l e n g in

se d o n
e
e n

t
g in e

(o ) th e r m o d y n a m ic p r o p e r tie s

14 6 Th e te m p e r a t u r e in a pro ce ss in w h ic h w or k is d o n e (b ) z e r o th la w o f th e rm o dy n a m ic s
by e x p a n d in g a g a s u n de r a d ia b a t ic co n d it io n w ill (c ) fir s t la w o f th e r m o dyn a m ic s
(a ) in c r e a s e (b ) d e c r e a s e (d ) s e c o n d la w o f th e rm o dyn a m ic s
(c ) r e m a in u n c h a n g e d (e ) J o u le s la w '

(d ) d e c r e a s e /in c r e a s e d e p e n d in g o n p r o p e r tie s o f g a s 15 4 Carnot ycle e ffic ie n cy de pe n ds u pon

(e ) fir s t in c r e a s e a n d th e n d e c r e a s e (a ) p r o p e r t ie s o f th e m e d iu m /s u b s t a n c e u s e d
14 7 The w o r k g iv e n o u t d u r in g e x p a n s io n p r o c e s s in a (b ) c o n d itio n o f e n g in e
l
c o s e d s y s te m w ill in c r e a s e w h e n t h e v a lu e o f n (th e (c ) w o r k in g c o n d itio n
in d e x o f c o m p r e s s io n ) (d ) te m p e r a t1ır e r a n g e o f o p e r a tio n
(a ) in c r e a s e s (b ) d e c r e a se s (e ) e ffe c tiv e n e s s o f in s u la t in g m a t e ń a l a r o u n d th e
(c ) r e m a in s s a m e en g in e

(d ) fir s t in c r e a s e s a n d th e n d e c r e a se s
ı5 5 Carnot ycle e ffic ie n c y is m a x im u m w hen
(e ) fir s t d e c r e a s e s a n d t h e n in cre a s e s
(a ) in it ia l t e m p e r a t u r e is O K
14 8 T he w or k re q u ir e d fo r c o m p r e s s io n in a c lo s e d s y s (b ) İ in a l te ın p e r a tu r e is O K
°

te m in cre a s e s w h e n t h e v a lu e o f n (t h e in d e x o f c o m (c ) d if fe r e n c e b e t w e e n in it ia l a n d fin a l t e n ıp e r a tu re

p r e s s io n i is O ° K

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

CAL EN G ı
M ECHANı N E E Rı
Nq

b s ta n ce to co ld su b s ta n ce
f m hot su
(b ) h e a t n o » v s r o
,

is O K
°

(d ) final t e m p e r a tu r e ld bs Lm no t
i
in ıu rıı p o s s ib le fr o m co su ıc e .
i n ıiıı " t no w
in it ia l t e m p e r a h ır e s (c ) "
re s o f 900
K °

e n te ın p e r a ttı b s ta n ce
A n e n g in e o p e r a t e s b e tw e K
su
ld b s ta n ce to hot
T a ııd 4 0 0
°
fr o m co su
th e r e n g in e b e tw e e n , flo w
a n d T , a n d a iıo (d ) h e a t ca n
fex te n lw o rk
k v a lu e o f T U be
b s ta ith t h e a id o ıa
F o r b o th t o d o e q u a l w o r , 2 su n ce w

(b ) 6 0 0 °
K b
(a ) 6 5 0 K
°
(e ) (b l a n d (d ) a ov e

e r e s e n ts
t h e p e r p e tu a l
(d ) 7 0 0 K
°

w h ic h o f t h fo llo w in g r p
(c ) 6 2 5 K
° e
164
n o tio n o f th e
fir s t k in d ?
(e ) 1 5 0 0 IĹ
°
ı
b e d e te m ıin e d b y th e 10 0 % th e r m a l e
ffic ie n c y
il S te a d y n o w s y s te m w or k can
(a ) e n g in e w h i t
ib le e n g in e
e x p r e s s io n (b ) a M 1y r e v e r s
t e n e r g y fr o m
lo w te m p e r a tu r e
(c ) tr a n s fe r o f h e a rce
s o u r c e to h B
i h te m p e r a t u r e s o u
ly c re a te s its ow ı
ı
th a t c o n t in u o u s
(d ) a m a c h in e

j ī>
ww . d, !T
e r a tu r e d i e r e n
tia l
(c ) , ďv (e ) p r o d u c t io g y b y te m p
n o fe n e r
t ı e v e ls
in s e a w a t e r a t d iffe r e n
i sa m e e Ħ i
b d i gn e d h a v n g
jd v d A n a c t u a l e n g in e is to e e s

w
(e ) . 16 5 it i is
C a r n o t c y c le S u c h a p r o p o
s o n
c ie n c y a s t h e
ffıc ie n c y , it b ) i o s s ib le

.Ea tt a in s 1 0 0 % th erııa l e
ı
(a ) fe a s ib le ( m p
158 ı
f heat
a e n g iııe a

v io la t e s (c ) p o s s ib le
(a ) z e r o th la w o f th e r n ıo d y ııa m c s
i ith lo t f s o p h is t ic a t io n s
(d ) p o s s ib le b u t w o

(b ) û r s t la w o f th e r m

(d ) la w o f c o n s e n r a t io
o

n
d y

o
ı
ı a

e
m

n syE
e
ic

r
s

(c ) s e c o n d la w o f t h e r m o d y iıa n ı c s
f g
i
y
16 6 A
(e ) d e s ir a b le
m an ufa c tu r e r c la im s t o h a v e a h e a t e g
o f d e v e lo p in g 2
0 h p b y r e c e iv in g h e a
n

t i
in e c a p a b lı
n p u t o f 4 00

ngi
t ın e r a t u r e lim ib
(e ) a ll o f th e a bo v e ı
aw s k c a Į lm t a n d w o r k in g b e tw e e n th e e p
điııg tn C 1a s iu s Iīıe q u a lity s ta te n ıe n t fo r a n y o f 2 2 7 C a n đ2 7 C
° °
H is c la im is
159 A c co n u

c y c le o f p ro ce ss e s re v e rs ib le o rir r e v e r s ib le (a ) ju t iħ e d (b ) n o t p o s s ib le

nee
s
h i t i tio n s
(c ) m a y b e p o s s ib le w it h lo l o f s o p s c a
(d ) c o s t w ill b e v e r y h ig h
(e ) t h e o r e t ic a lly p o ib le

rin
ss

In Carnot ycle h e a t is t r a n s fe rr e d a t
167 a

(a ) c o n s ta
n t pre ssu re (b ) c o n s t a n t v o lu m e

(. ) c y c li. J i
ıs a lw a ys m a x im u m

g.n
(c ) c o n s t a n t t e m p e r a tu
(d ) c o n s t a n t e n th a lp y
re

(e ) a n y o n e o f th e a bov e
th e fq

e
ı6 0 A c c o r d iııg to J a n ıe s J o u le 16 8 A n in v e n t o r c la im s t h a t h is h e a t e n g in e h a s

w
(c ) Q
L日 日 .
= w IJ
J TW
b e r e J = J o u le s c o ııs t a
(d ) W

iıt o r ın e c h a n

a ııd Q
- J fq

hea
ic a l e q u iv a le
t t r a n s fe r r e d
n t
to w in g s p e c itīc a tio n
P o w e r d e v e lo p e d
F
H
u e

ea
lbu
tin g
rn e

v
50 kw
d pe r h o
a lu e o f fu
u r

e l
3 kß
7 6 ,0 0 0 m
t pe r kg
of h e a t, W - w o r k d o n e =
T tu re lim it s 627 a n d 2 7 °C
e m p e ra
ib le h ic h
ló l If lıe a t b e e x c h a i ıg e d in a rev ers m a ıu ıe r ,
w

b s ta n
H is h e a t e n g in e ie
o f th e fo llo w iııg p r o p e r ty o f th e w o r k iııg su ce

l (a ) r e a lity (b ) im p o s s ib le
w ill c h a n g e a c c o r d in g y
(b ) e n th a ı (c ) c o s tı
y (d ) c h e a p e r
(a ) t e m p e r a t u r e py
l (d ) t ropy
(e ) im a g in ary
i
(c ) ı ıt e m a e n e r g y e n

bov 169 J o u le K e lv in co e ffic ie n t is d e n o te d b y

(e ) a ll o f th e a e

f p roce sse s,

彌
d o in s e r ie s
y s t e m a fte r u n e g g a o
16 2 If a s r

h ım s t o t h e in it ia l s t a t e t h en
re

(a ) p r o c e ss is t h e r m o dyn a i ııic a lly in e q u ilib ń u m

t e d in cı d ıı c y c le
s y s te ı

懒
(b ) p r o c e ss is e x e cu o se

ill c h a ııg e du e to ir r e v e r s ib ility {d

(c ) it s e n t r o p y w
k tr a n s fe r w ill b e
(d ) s u n ı o f h e a t a ııd w or z e ro

b y th e s y s te n ı

懒
(e ) n o w o rk w ill b e d o n e

d in g o f C la u s iu s s ta t e n ıe n t
16 3 A cc o r
hot b s ta n ce to co ld su b s t a i ıc e
(a ) a t O o w s fr o m
h e su

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

园 CA L ENGı
M EC H A N ı N EERı
«I

(a ) T h e ill b e c o o le d to th e te m p e r a tu r
1 6 th e h o u s e in ııb o v o p r o b le m ie Lo b o c o o le d a n d
roo m w
18 8 e
in e id e th e r e fr ig e r a to r
h e a t r e q u ir e m e n ts o f h o u a e ıır e s a m e a n d w o r k to b e
li h tl
d o n e ia a ls o 8 M c a v h r , th e n C O P w ill b e (b ) T h e r o o m w ill b e c o o le d v e r y e g y
d
(a ) 0 7 6 (b ) 6 6 (c ) T h e r o o m w ill b e g r a d u a lly w a r m e u p

(c ) 7 6 (d ) 1 3 (d ) T h e te m p e r a tu r e o f th e a ir in r o o m w l re m
iı a in
u n a fre c te d
(e ) 3 7 6
(e ) a n y on e o f a bov e IB p o s s ib le d e p e n d in g on th e
ı8 9 0 a lu m e d ia g r a m th e p r o ce ss lin e
n p r e B su r e v o ,

C (a s th e v a lu e o f n in c r e a a e e )w ill ca p a c ity
pw .

19 9 C o m p r e s s e d a ir c o m in g ou t fr o m a pu n c tu r e d fo o tb a ll
(a ) c o m e c lo s e r to y a x is
(b ) c o m e c lo s e r to x a x is (a ) b e c o m e s h o 忱e r
(c ) c o m e c lo s e r t o 4 5 in c lin e d lin e
°
(b ) b e c o m e e c o o le r
(d ) r e m a in in s a m e p o s itio n (c ) r e m a in s a t th e s a m e te m p e r a t u re

(d ) m a y b e c o m e h o tte r o r c o o le r d e p e n d in g u p o n th e
(e ) c h a n g e th e q u a d r a n t
hu m id ity o f th e su rro u n d in g a ir
1 9 0 H e a t a d d e d in a r e v e r s ib le a d ia b a tic p r o c e e B i8 e q u a l
(e ) a tt a in s a tm o s p h e r ic t e m p e r a tu re

ww
to
200 W a te r c o n t a in e d in a b e a k e r ca n be n ıa d e to b o il b
y
p a s s in g s te a m th r o u g h it

w
(a ) a Ła tm o s p h e r ic p r e s s u r e
(c ) z e r o (d ) C . (T z T )
. 1 (b ) a t a p r e s s u r e b e lo w th e a t m o s p h e r ic p r e ss u re

19 1
(e ) + v e
T he
v a lu e

s lo p e o f c o n s ta n

tr o p y d ia g r a
.Ea
t pre ssu
ie g iv e n b y
re lin e on t e m p e r a tu re
(c ) a t a p r e s s u r e g r e a t e r th a n a
(d ) a n y p r e s s u r e
tm o s p h e r ic p r e s s u r e

syE
en m
(e ) n o t p o s s ib le
20 1 The on ly fä 1s e s ta t e m e n t in t h e fo llo w in g on ee is
(a ) h e a t c a n b e c o n v e r te d in to w o r k

ngi
(e ) H y n
(b ) h e a t r a y s c a n b e c o n v e r g e d a t on e p o iııt b y
ı9 2 In a c y c le th e h e a t ie r e Je c te d a t
,
co n c a v e m ir r o r
(a ) c o n s t a n t te m p e r a tu r e (b ) c o n e t a n t p r e e a u r e

nee
(c ) w a te r ex pa n ds w h en co o le d b e lo w 4 °C
(c ) c o n s t a n t v o lu m e (d ) c o n s t a n t e n th a lp y
(d ) h e a t r a y s c a n n o t p a s s th r o u g h v a c u u m
h
(e ) a n y o n e o f t e a b o v e
(e ) h e a t m a y t r a n s fe r b y a n y o f t h r e e m o de s

rin
19 3 S te a m n o w th r o u g h a n o z z le is c o n e id e r e d a B
202 D u r in
g th r o ttlin g p r o c e s s
(a ) c o n s ta n t Ĥ o w (b ) ie o th e r m a l n o w
(a ) e a t e x c h a n g e d o e s n o t ta k e p la c e
h
(c ) a d ia b a tic n o w (d ) c o n e ta n ţ v o lu m flo w

g.n
e
(b ) n o w o r k is d o n e b y e x p a n d in g s t e a m
(e ) c o n s t a n t p r e s s u r e n o w
(c ) th e r e is n o ch a n ge o f internal e n e r gy o f s te a ın
19 4 E ffic ie n c y o f a Ca rn ot e n g in e w ith t - 2 0 0 °C t -
(d ) a ll o f th e

e
l , z a bo v e
3 0 C ie
°

, (e ) e n

t
,
tr o p y d e c r e a se s
(a ) 8 5 % (b ) 3 6 %
203 The en er gy o fm o le c u la r m o t io n a pp e a rs a s
(c ) 8 0 % (d ) 12 %
(a ) h e a t (b ) p o t e n t ia l e n e r gy
(e ) 1 6 %
(c ) s u r fa ce te n s io n (d ) fr ic t io n
ı9 6 In te rn a len e r gy o fa eu b e ta n ce de p en ds on
(e ) in cr e a se in p r e s s u re
(a ) v o lu m e (b ) p r e s B u r e
204 A s u d d e n fa ll in th e b a r o m e te r r e a d in
g is a s ig ıı
ď
(c ) t e m p e r a t u re (d ) e n tr o p y
a p p r o a c h in g
(e ) e n th a ı py
(a ) fin e w e a th e r (b ) r a in s
l a ß A d ia th e r m ic w a ll ie on e w h ic h
(c ) s to r m (d ) c o ld w av e
(a ) p r e v e n t e th e r m a l in te r a c t io n
(e ) h o t w av e
(b ) p e r m it s t h e r m a l in t e r a c tio n
205 The rJn iţ o fu n iv e rsa lga s c o n s ta n t ie
(c ) e n c o u r a B e a t h e r m a l in t e r a c tio n
(a ) W a tt s / K °
(b ) D y n e s /°C
(d ) d ia c o u r a g e s t h e r m a l in te r a c t io n
(c ) E r g ß c m /°K (d ) E r g l'"
(e ) d o e a n o t e x is t
(e ) n o n e o f tııe a bov e
ı9 7 A n a d ia b a t ic w a ll iß o n e w h ic h
20 6 C a lo r ie is a m e a su r e o f
(a ) p r e v e n t e th e r m a l in te r a c t io n
(a ) e p e c ifīc h e a t (b ) q u a n tity o fh e at
(b ) p e m ıit e th e r m a l in te r a c t io n
(c ) th e r m a l c a p a c it y (d ) e n tr o p y
(c ) e n c o u r a B e s t h e r m a l in te r a c tio n
(e ) w o r k
(d ) d iB c o u r a g e a th e r m a l in te r a c t io n
207 1 k g ü c m z is e q u a l t o
(e ) d o ß n o t e x ie t
(a ) 7 6 0 m m H g (b ) z e r o H g
ı9 8 T he do o r o f a r u rın in B r e fr iB e r a t o r in a id e a r o o m w a s n ım
(c ) 7 3 5 6 m m H g (d ) l H g
le ft o pe n W iıic h o f t h e fo llo w in g e t a t e m e n t e ia n ım
(e ) 1 0 0 m m H g
c o r r e c t?

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

rw

■ M EC HA Nı
C A L E N G IN E E F
n H
ı
q

(b ) ir r e v e r s ib le p r o c e s s e s
-
q
(c ) tw o is e n tr o p ic s , on e c o n s ta n t v o lu ıı
ıe an a on e

c o n s ta ııt p r e s s 1】r e (c ) m e c h a n ic a l s y s te m in e q u ilib r ilın ı

(d ) tw o is e n tr o p ic s a ııd tw o c o n s t a iıt p r e s B u r e s (d ) th e r m o d y n a m ic p r o c e s s e s
(e ) o n e is o th e r m a l o n e is e n tr o p ic o n e c o n s t a n t
, , (e ) c h e m ic a l s y s te n ıin e q u ilib r iu m
v oı e an d o n e c o n s ta iı
t p r e s su re
u m
233 Ħ ck u p th e c o r r e c t s ta te m en t A n en g in e w o r ki
q g
225 T he ra tio o f a c tu a l c y c le e ffic ie n c y to th a t o f th e id e a l b e tw een p o s itiv e te m p e r a tu re s
c y c le efficiency s c a lle d
(a ) c a n b e a h e a t p u n ıp
(a ) e ffe c tiv e n e s s (b ) w o r k r a tio (b ) c a n n ot be a h e a t pu m p
(c ) e ffic ie n t y r a tio (d ) is e n tr o p ic efficiency (c ) lııu s t b e a h e a t p u m p
(e ) n e t e ffic ie n c y
(d ) c a n b e a h e a t p u m p o n ly if ffic tio n le s s m a c h in e
226 1 ıe c o n s ta n t v o lu m e c y c le is a ls o c a 1ı
ed is u se d
(o ) Carnot ycle (b ) J o u le c y c le (e ) c a n b e h e a t pu ly ith lo 6 f
a m p on w o so p h is ti
(e ) D ie s e l c y c le (d ) O tt o c y c le ca tio n s
(e ) R a ır]sin e c y c le 234 P ic k u p th e c o r r e c t s t a t e m e n t A r e fr ig e r a t o r w o rk
227 A ir r e fr
ig e r a to r s w or k in g b e tw e e n p o s itiv e t e m p e r a tu r e s

ww
on

(a ) C a r ııo t c y c le (b ) 0 忱 o c y c le (a ) c a ııp u n ıp w o r k in to w o r k r e s e r v o ir
(c ) A U ĥ iııs o n c y c le (d ) S tir lin g c y c le (b ) c a n p u n ıp w o r k in t o w o r k r e s e r v o ir w ith
(e ) Versedjoule

w
c y c le fr ic tio n le s s m a c h in e
228 T he a ir s t a n da r d ilic ie n c y f a n O tt o (c ) m u s t t a k e w o r k o u t o f w o r k r e s e r v o ir
e
y c le is

.Ea
o c e qu al
to
(d ) c a n n o t t a k e w o r k o u t o f w o r k r e s e r v o ir
1 (e ) c a n ta k e w o r k o u t o f w o r k r e s e r v o ir o n l
y u n der

i sy
cer t a i n lim ita t io n s

235 T h e rm a l pow e r p la n t w o r ]ĺ s o n

1 E
(d ) 1

ngi (c ) R
(e ) B
an

ra
J￡in
y wo n
e c y c le

c y c le
(b ) J O U le c y c le
(d ) O tt o c y c le

nee
236 W n ic h o f th e fo llo w in g is a n ir r e v e r s ib le c y c le
(w iıe r e r - com p r e s B io tio a ııd
, n ra
Y - ra tio o f s p e c ific
h e a ts ) (b ) S t ir lin g
(c ) E r ic s s o n (d ) a ll o f th e a b o v e
229 R a ılk in e c y c le c o n s is t B

rin
o f (e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e
(b ) fw e p r o c e s s e s 237 0 tt o c y c le c o n B is ţ s o
(c ) s ix p r o c e s s e s f fo llo w in fo u r r o
(d ) th r e e p r o c e s s e s g p ce s se s

2 30
(◆) n o n e o f t h e a b o v
R e la tiv e ffic ie n c y
e o
e

f a ga s pow e r c y c le is g iv
(a ) tw
(b ) tw
(c ) tw
o

o
is o t h e r m
is e n t r o p ic s
is e n t r o p ic sg.n a ls d tw o is e n tr o ic s
a n
p
a n d tw o c o n s t a n t
v o lu m es

e
en a s o
th e r a t io o f ,
o n e con s ta n t v o lu n ıe a n d on e

t
c o n s ta n t pre ssu re
(a ) a c tu a l t h e m ıa l flic ie n to
e cy a ir s ta n dard (d ) tw o is e n tr o p ic s d tw
fĦc ie n c y
e a n o c o n s ta n t
p r e s su r e s
(e ) n o n e o f th e bov
(b ) t h e o r e t ic a l t h e m ıa l ffic ie n
a e
e cy to a ir s ta n da rd
e ßñc ie n c y
238 The ffic ie n c y o f a Car not
e
en g in e de pen ds on
(c ) a ir ßt a 】ıd a r d
(a ) w o r k in g s u b s t a n c e
efficiency to a c tu a l th e r ın l
effic ie n c y
a
(b ) d e s ig n o f e n in e
g
(d ) b r a k e t h e r n ıa l e ffic ie n c (c ) s iz e o f e n g in e
y to a ir s ta n da rd
e flic ie n c y (d ) ty p e o f fu e l fir e d
(e ) in d ic a t e d th e r ın a l e ffic ie n c (e ) te m p e r a t u r e s o f
y to a ir s ta n dard sou r ce a n d s in k
e fħc ie n c y 239 F or sa m e com
p r e s s io n s a m e h e a t a d ded
ra tio a iıd fo r
23 1 It is p r o p o s e d to n ıa k e a d i (a ) 0 忱 o
r e c t h e a t to w o r k c y c le is n ıo r e
c o n v e r te r e ffic ie n t th a
o u t o f a n e le n ıe n t a r n D ie s e l c y c le
y s y s t e m w h ic h a b B o r b s h e (b ) D ie s e l c y c le is
a t m o r e e ffic ie n t h
w ı r ile d o in g is o th e m ıa l t a n O tt o c y c le
w o r k e x a c tl e u l
y q a t o th e h e a t (c ) e ffic ie n c y d e e n d
b
a s o r b e d tlıe r e b p s o n o th e r fa c t
y k e e p in g in te n ıa l e n e r
,
(d ) b o th O tt o a n d D i
ors
g y c o n s ta n t l c y c le s
S u c h a s y s t e m is e se a re e qu a lly e ic ie ııl
iı
(e ) n on e o f th e bov
(a ) n o t p o s s ib le (b ) p o s s ib le
a e
240 The e flic ie n c f
(c ) n o t d e s ir a b le (d ) c o ım ııe n 山山le y o Carnot c y c le is n ıa x irııu n ı fo r
(a ) g a e e n g ir ıe
(e ) p o s ßib le o n ly ith lo t of (b ) w e ll lu b r ic a t e d ıg iı
ıe
w so p h is t ic a t io n (c ) p e tr o l e n in e
eı

232 M lľ th e r ın dyn g (d ) s t e a ııı e n g in e

ax w e B o a ıııic r e la tio n s are a p p lic a b le (e ) r e v e r s ib le e n i
to g n e
24 1 F or th e s a tııe c o n ı l
(a ) r e v e r s ib le pr o ce ss e s p r e s s io rır a tio , th e e ßū c ie n c y o f d u a
co m b u s t io n c c le is
y
(a ) g r e a t e r th O tt o
a n c y c le

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

= II R N U H E A T T R A N S FE R

,b ) 1e B 8
ı ;h a n d ie se l
(c ) 1e s s th O tt o
r
(d ) t w o is e n tr o p ic s a 】 tw o c o n s ta n t pre ssu res
a n c y c le a n d g r e a t e r th a n D ie se l (e ) n o n e o f t h e a b o v e
cycı
e

(d ) g r e a t e r th a n b o th O tt o a n d d ie s e l 261 W h ic h o f th e fo llo w in g c y c le s i8 n o t a r e v e rs ib ı
e
c y c le ?
(e ) le s s e r t h a n b o th O tt o a n d d ie s e l
(a ) C a r n o t b ) E r ic s s o n
242 carnot ycle is
(c ) S tir lin g (d ) J o u le
(a ) a r e v e r s ib le c y c le
(e ) n o n e o f th e a bo v e
(b ) a n ir r e v e r s ib le c y c le
252 Th e c y c le in h ic h h t is p p lie d t ta t
(c ) a s e m i r e v e r s ib le c y c le w e a su a co n s n
v o lu m e a n d r e je c te d a t c o n s ta n t pressu re is k n ow n
(d ) a q u a s i s t a tic c y c le
a s
(e ) a n a d ia b a tic ir r e v e r s ib le c y c le
(a ) D u a l c o m b u s tio n c y c le (b ) D ie s e l c y c le
243 D ie se l c y c le co n s is t s o f fo llo w in g fo u r r
p o ce sse s (c ) A tk in s o n c y c le (d ) R a n k in e c y c le
(a ) tw o is o th e rm a ls a n d t w o is e n tr o i
p cs (e ) S tir lin g c y c le
(b ) t w o is e n tr o p ic s , a n d tw o co n s ta n t v o lu m e s 263 Th e e fï ic ie n c y o f D ie se l c y c le w it h d e c r e a s e in cu t o fï
(c ) tw o is e n t r o p ic s on e con s ta n t v o lu m
, e a n d o n e (a ) in c r e a s e s (b ) d e c r e a s e s
co n s ta n t pre ssu re
(c ) r e m a n s u n a e c t e d
i fï
(d ) tw o is e n t r o p ic s a n d tw ta n t p r e

ww
o co n s s su re s (d ) fir s t in c r e a s e s a n d t h e n d e c r e a s e s
(e ) n o n e o f t h e a b o v e
(e ) fir s t d e c r e a s e s a n d th e n in c r e a s e s
244 If b o th S t ir lin g a n d Ca r n o t c c le
y s o p e r a te it h in th e 254 W h ic h f t h e fo llo w in g y c le
w o c s h a s m a x in ıu m ffi
e

w
s a m e t e n ıp e r a t u r e lim it s th e n
e ffic ie n c y f S tir lin g
, o c ie n c y ?
c y c le a s c o m p a r e d t o C a r n o t c
c le i y

.Ea
s
(a ) R a n k in e (b ) S t ir lin g
(a ) m o r e (b ) le s s (e ) C a r n o t d ) B r a y to n
(c ) e q u a l
(e ) J o u le

syE
(d ) d e p e n d s o n o th er fa c t o r s
255 Th e id e a l effic ie n c y o f a B r a y to n c y c le w ith o u t r e
(e ) n o n e o f t h e a bov e
g e n e ra tio n w it h in c r e a s e in p r e s s u r e r a t io w ill
245 S t ir lin g a n d E r ic s s o n c y c le s a re (a ) in c r e a se (b ) d e c r e a s e
(a ) r e v e r s ib le c y c le s
(c ) q u a s i s t a t ic c y c le s
(b ) ir r e v e r s ib le c y c le s
(d ) s e m i r e v e r s ib le c y c le s
(e ) a d ia b a tic ir r e v e r s ib le c y c le s
ngi (e ) r e m a in u n c h a n g e d
(d ) in c r e a s e /d e c r e a s e d e p e n d in g on a p p lic a t io n

246 If T
.

p e r a tu
_
a n

re s
d T
in
m

a n
in
b e th
o tt o
e n ıa x

c y c le
in
th
ıu m

en
a n

fo r
d
th
m in im u ın

id e a l c o n d i
e
te m
nee
256
(e ) u n p r e d ic t a b le
T h
r e g
e id
e n e r a
e a l
tio n
e ffic i e
w ith in
n c y o

c r e a s e
f a B
in p r e
r a y to
s su r e r a
n c y c

t io
le w it h
ill

rin
,
, w
tio n s th e te p tu fte s s io n s h o u ld b e
,
m e r a r e a r co m pr e (a ) in c r e a s e (b ) d e c r e a s e
(e ) r e ın a in u n c h a n g e d
2
(e ) u n p r e d ic t a b le
g.n
(d ) in c r e a s e /d e c r e a s e d e p e n d in g o n a p p lic a t io n

e
257 Th e fo llo w in g c y c le is u se d fo r a ir cr a f t r e fr ig e r a t io n

247
(e ) T m.

Th e w

(a ) a t m
in

o r
T.

k in g s u b s t a
o s p h e r ic a ir
_

2
Tm iıı

n ce fo r a Carnot
(b ) a ir fu e l m ix tu
c y c le is
re 26 8
(a ) B

G a s
r a y to n c y c le

(c ) C a r n o t ycle
(e ) r e v e r s e d B r a y to n
tu r b in e c y c le c o n s is
c y lec

ts
(b ) J o u le
(d ) B e ll C o le m

o f
c y c le

t a n c y c le

(c ) s t e a m (d ) id e a l g a s (a ) t w o is o th ls d tw is e p ic s
e rm a a n o n tr o
(e ) r e a l g a s (b ) t w o is e n t r o p ic s a d tw
n o co n s ta n t v o lu m e s
248 A c y c le c o n s is t in g of tw o a d ia b a t ic s an d tw o con s ta n t (c ) tw o is e n t r o p ic s
,
on e co n s ta n t v o lu n ıe a n d o n e
pre ssu r e p ro ce sse s is k n o w n a s con s ta n t pre ssu re
(a ) O tt o c y c le (b ) E r ic s s o n c y c le (d ) tw o is e n t r o p ic s a n d tw ta
o con s n t pressu re s
(c ) J o u le c y c le (d ) S tir lin g c y c le (e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e
(e ) A tk in s o n c y c le 269 T h e th e r m o d y n a m ic d ifï e
r e n c e b e tw e e n a R a n k in e
249 R ev e r se d J o u le c y c le is c a lle d c y c le w o r k in
g w it h s a tu r a t e d s t e a n ı a n d th e C a r n o t
(a ) C a r n o t ycle (b ) R a n k in e c y c le c y c le is th a t

(c ) B r a y to n c y c le (d ) B e ll C o le n ıa n c y c le (a ) C a r n o t ycle c a n t w '
o r k w it h tu ra te d s te a ııı
sa
(e ) D u a l c y c le (b ) h e a t is s u p p lie d t o w a te r a t te m p e r a i
n ır e be ı
o w

260 B y to c y c le c o n s is ts f fo llo w in g fo u r p r o th e m in te l
o f th e c y c e
ra n o c e sse s a x ıu m ın tu
per a re
(a ) t w o is o t h e rm a ls a n d tw o is e n t r o p ic s (c ) a R a n k in e c y c le r e c e iv e s h e a t a t t n ro p la ce s

(b ) tw is e n t r o p ie s d tw ta t lu (d ) R a n k in e c y c le is h l
y p o th e t ic a
o a n o c o n s n v o m e s

(c ) tw o is e n t r o p ic s ,
o n e co n s ta n t v o lu m e a ııd on e (e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e
c o n s ta n t pr e ssu re

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

' ' " A L EN '

"
:6 0 Tı
ıe h e a t a d d itio n h ı d u a l c o n ıb rıs t io n c y c le is d o n e (o ) e q u a l to C a n ıo t cycı
e (b ) le s s th a n C a n ıo tr
yc】
a t (c ) e q u a l t o B r a y to n c y c le

(a ) c o n s t a ııt p r e s s u r e (b ) c o n s ta ııt v o lm e (d ) e q u a l to J o u le c y c le
(c ) p a r tly a t c o n s t a n t p r e s s lu e a iıd p a r tly a t (e ) le s s t h a n B r a y to n c y c le

lu
p t o f r e g e n e r a tio n is u s e d iııfo llo w in g c y c lĘ
c o n s ta n t v o m e 269 T lıe co n ce
(d ) c o n s t a ııt te m p e r a tu re
(a ) E a n k in e a iıd S t ir liııg (b ) R a n łi n e a n d E r ic s s o ıı
(e ) c o n s t a n t e n th a lp y (c ) S t ir lin g a ııd E r ic s s o n (d ) S tir lin g an d B ra y to 1ı
26 1 D ie s e l c y c le e 伍 c ie n c y is n ıa x im iım w h e n th e cu t o« (e ) E r ic s s o n a n d B r a y to n
1S
2 70 A B e ll C o le n ıa ıı c y c le is a re v erse d
(a ) in cre a s e d (b ) d e c r e a s e d (a ) C a n ıo t c y c le (b ) O tt o c j c le

(c ) m a x im u ın (d ) m in im u m (c ) J o u le c y c le (d ) S tir lin g c y c le
(e ) z e r o (e ) B c y c le
ra jĜ on
262 T h e p r e s s u r e r a tio in ca se o fB e ll C o le m an c y c le is f t h e fo llo ì r in g fo u
27 1 E r ic s s o n c y c le c o n s is ts o r p r o c e s se
o f tlıe o r d e r o f ls d tw o is e n tr o p ic s
(a ) tw o is o th e r m a a n
(a ) 5- 6 (b ) 7 9

ww (b ) t w o is o th erm a ls a n d t w o c o n s t a n t v o lu m e s
(c ) 1 0 1 5 (d ) 1 5 2 2 is o t h e r m a ls a n d 0 t pre ssu
(c ) t w o c o n s ta n re s

(e ) 2 3 4 0 (d ) t w o a d ia b a t ic s a n d tw o con s ta n t p r e s s u res

263
(a ) tw
(b ) tw
w
S tir lin g

(c ) t w
o

o
c y c le c o n s is

is o th
is o th e m
is o t h
em

erm
ıa ı

ıa
s a n

a
ls
ls
ts

an

a n
o f fo llo w in g fo u r p r o c e s s e s
d t w o c o n s t a iıt v o ı

.Ea
d tw
d
o

o n e co n s
u ın e s

is e n t r o p ic s
ta n t v o lu m e a n d
272
(e ) n on e o

A p e t r o l e n g h ıe tł
f th e

(a ) c o n s t a n t p r e s s u r e c y c le
(b ) c o n s ta n t v o
a

ıe o r e tic a lly

lu
bov

m
e

e c y c le
o p e r a te s o n

(d ) tw
on e co n s

n on e o
o is o th
f th
ta
em
n

e a
t pre
ıa

bo v
ls
ssm

an

e
syE
d tv
e

ro c o n s ta ııt v o lu m es
(c ) c o n s t a n t t e m p e r a t u r e c y c le
(o n c o n s t a n t e n t r o p y c y c le
(e ) m ix e d c y c le o f c o n s t a n t p r e s s ru e a n d c o n s ta n

264 A tk iııs o n g a s e n g in e h a s a
(a ) is e n t r o p ic c o m p r e s s io n a n d
s p e c ia l tb a tu

ex p
re

a n s io n
th a t

are
ngi
o f
273
v o lu m

A d ie s e l e n g in
e

e th eore tic a lly o p e r a te s on

\
\
J
e q u a l s tr o k e le n g tı

( ) 1s e n r p
b
th
t o ic

e ex
c o m p
p
r e s
ıs

s io n is o n

a n s io n on lo n g e r s tr o k e
a sh o r t s tr o k e a n

need
(a ) c o n s t a n t p r e s s u r e c y
(b ) c o n s t a n t v o lu m e c y c le
(c ) c o n s ta n t t e m era tu
c le

r e c y c le

rin
p
t r o p ic r e s s io n is o n a lo n g e r s tr o ke a n d
(c ) is e n co m p (d ) c o n s t a n t e n tr o p y c y c le
th pa n s io n on a s h o r t s tr o k e d
e ex
(e ) m ix e d c y c le o f c o n s t a n t p r e s s u re an c o n s ta t

(d ) it
s tr o
e m

kes
p lo y s

f th e
sh or

b ov
te s t co m pre s s io n a n d ex p a n s io n

2 74
v o lu m e

ıs p e e d d ie
A M gł
g.n se l e n g in e th e ore t ic a lly o p e r a te s

e
(e ) n on e o a e
(a ) c o n s t a n t p r e s s u r e c y c le
ith p e r fe c t
1 1 ıe id e a l e fħc ie n c y o f a n E r ic s s o n c y c le

t
w
265 (b ) c o n s t a n t v o lu m e c y c le
r e g e n e r a t io n a n d o p e r a t in g
b e tw e e n tw o g iv e n t e m
(c ) c o n s t a n t t e m p e r a t u r e c y c le
p e r a tu r e li m it s is
(d ) c o n s t a n t e n t r o p y c y c le
(a ) e q u a l t o J o u le c y c le
(e ) m ix e d c y c le o f c o n s ta n t pressu re a n d c o n s ta 】
(b ) e q u a l t o C a r ııo t c y c le v o lu m e
(c ) e q u a l t o B r a y to n c y c le tu b in ks tb e
2 75 Th e con s ta n t p re ssu r e ga s r e w or on
(d ) le s s th a n C a n ıo t c y c le (b ) B e ll C o le ın c y c le
(a ) R a n k in e c y c le an
(e ) ın o r e th a n C a n ıo t c y c le (d ) D u a l c y c le
b s ta n
(c ) C a r n o t ycle
g in e , w h e n th e w o r k in g
ce re
266 In a Carnot e n su
(e ) B ra y wo n c y c le
t t o s in k , t h e t e m p e r a tu r e f s in k
je c t s it s h e a o
d in g to K e lv in P la n c k s t a t e m e n t
2 76 A cco r
(a ) h ıc r e a s e s (b ) d e c r e a s e s w M
(a ) is im p o s s ib le t o c o n s tr u c t a h e a t e n g in e
it
(c ) r e m a in s s a m e iv e n a m o 1ı
o p e r a t e s in a c y c le a n d r e c e iv e s a g
p a c it y f
(d ) m a y h ıc r e a s e /d e c r e a s e d e p e n d in g o n ca o
o f h e a t fr o m a h i h t e m p e r a tu r e b o y
g
d a n d do
g in e
en
tly d e c r e qu al a m ou n t o fw o rk
e
i,
(e ) fu s t in c r e a s e s a iıd s u bsea u en a ses
d e v ic e w b
(b ) it is im p o s s ib le t o c o n s tr u c t a tb
id e a l e 伍 c ie n c y o f J o u le c y c lp o pera tin g b e tw een
du ce s n o efe f c t o
267 Æ e o p e r a t e s in a c y c le a n d p r o
t r e lim its is c o o le r
b o dy
g iv e n t e m p e r a u
tw o f
t h a n th e tr a n s e r o f h e a t f om a
(a ) e q u a l to J o u le c y c le (b ) e q u a l t o C a n ıo t c y c le h o tt e r b o d y
d a t o】
e q u a l to
B r a y to n c y c le (d ) le s s th a ıı C a n ıo t c y c le (c ) w h e n d is s im ila r m e ta ls a r e h e a t e
tw o
f Is d e v e lo p
C n ıo t c y c le e n d a n d c o o le d a t o t h e r , e
m
(e ) m o r e th a n a s at
tl
in g c y c le w ith p e r fe c t f te m p e r a h h e
a l e ffic ie n y
c o f a S tr i】 p r o p o r tio n a l t o d iĦe r e n c e o
2 6 8 T h e id e b tv r e e n tw o g iv e n te n ı e n ds
regen e ra t
io n a n d o p e r a tiııg e
its is
u r e l:imwww.EasyEngineering.net
p e r a tFrom
Downloaded Scanned by CamScanner
 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

E
D < c o n v e r te d in t o k h in e o p e r a t e s b e t w e ￠
e a l ca n w or te ınp e r a tu r e m a c
[ can be con v er te d in t o h ea t te m p e r a t u r e s ?
e w o d
d to h o t s o l c ( a n
te a m n o z z le c o n v e r ts (a ) h e a t m u s t b e r e je c te
2 77 A
a b s t r a c te d fr o n ı c
o ld s o u r c e
) k in e tic e a t
e n e r gy in t o h h ot sou Tee a n d
(a t d fr o m
(b ) h e a t m u s t b e a b s t r a c e
(b ) h e a t e n e r g y n o p o n t ia l e n e r g y
i t t e
r e je c t e d t o c o ld s o
u rce
(c ) p o te n t ia l e n e r g y in t o h e a t t b j te d t o b o t h t h e s o u r
c
ces
(e ) h e a t m u s e r e e

(d ) h e a t e n e r g y in to u s e fu l e n e r g y d fr o m b o th t h e sou rces
(d ) h e a t m u s t b e a b s tr a c te
(e ) h e a t e n e r g y in t o k iì ıe tic e n e r g y lim it a t io n
(e ) n o
E h is t r u e s ta te m en t in co n n e c t io n w it h se con d lc u la t io n f a ir
p t io n fo
o
278 283 w w c h is t h e w r o n g a s s u m r ca

la w o f th e r m o dyn a r a ic s ?
s t a n d a r d e fï ic ie n c y
?
t p o s s ib le fo r t h e h e a t e n e r g y t o flo w
(a ) it is n o ib le
fr o m bo dy lo w e r (a ) a ll p r o c e s s e s a r e r e v e r s
sp on ta n e o u s ly a a t a
ta t a ţ a ll t e m
(b ) s p e c ific h e a t r e m a in s con s n
te m p era tu re to a b o dy a t h ig h e r t e m p e r a tu r e
o s s ib le to c o n s tr u c t p e r p e tu a l t io n p e r a tu re s
is
(b ) it is n o ţ p m o
is n fh t tr a n s fe r
t f th e m e ch a n ıo e a
f th e d k in d (c ) n o a ccou n o
m a c h in e o secon
con s id e r e d
(e ) it is t po s s ib le to c o n s tr u c t a n en g in e w h ic h
n o i h t e m p e r a tu re s
(d ) g a s e s d is s o c ia t e a ţ h g e r
,

h ile o p er a tin g in a c y c le pr o du ce s n o o th e r
r fe c t g a s
w
h e a t fr o m s in g le (e ) w o r k in g s u b s t a n c e is a p e

ww
f【
e ct ex ce p t to ex tr a ct
e of h e a t ex
d do le n t fw k 284 W D t th lim it a t io n s t o t h e s ig n s
q u iv t e
r e s e r v o ir a n e a a n ıo u n o or a a re
i if a tw o t e m
ch a n g e fr o m h o t a n d c o ld r e s e r v o r s
(d ) C a r n o t en g in e a s com p a re d to a ll en g in es
t o n e g a t iv e
tu r e m a c h in e o p e r a t e s
be w
t e e n w

w
era t in g b e tw e e n g iv e n tw o te m p e r a tu re p era
o p
te m p e r a t u re s ?
lin ıit s , is th e m o st e ffiđe n t d

.Ea be r e e c te j d to hoţ so u rce a n

(a ) h e a t n ıu st
(e ) a ll o f th e a bov e
b s tr a c t e d fr o m c o ld s o u r c e
a
2 79 A d in g t o C 1a u s iu s s t a t e m e n t
ccor d fr o m h o t s o u r c e a n d
(b ) h e a t m u s t b e a b s t r a c te
(a ) it is im p o s s ib le t o c o n s tr u c t a h e a t e n g in e w
o p e r a t e s in a c y c e

o f h e a t fr o ın a h
l
i g h
a n

t e
d
m
r

p
e c

e
e

r a
iv

t
e

u
s

r e
a

b
g
o
i v

d
e

y
n

syE
a
a

n
m

d
h ic h
o

d
u n t

oe s
r e je c t e d t o c o ld s o u r c
e

(e ) h e a t m u s t b e r e je c t e t o b o t
d
f
(d ) h e a t m u s t b e a b s tr a c te d r o m
h th e s o u r c e s
b o t h th e s o u r c e s
e qu a l R m o u n t o f w o r k

(b ) iţ is im p o s s ib le to c o n s t r u c t a
o p e r a t e s in a c y c le a i ı p r o
d d u c e s n
d e v ic e w h ic h
o e ffe c t o th e r ngi
285 A
(e ) n
n
o lim it a tio n
t
id e a l g a s a t 2 7 C is h e a t e d a ţ c o n s a n p
° t re ssu re

t h a n t h e t r a n s fe r o
h o tt e r b o d y
f

( w h e n t w o d is s im ila r m e t a ls a r e
h e a t ￡ r o m c o o le r b o d y t o

h e a te d a ţ o n e
nee till it s v o lu ın e b e c o n ıe
t u r e o f g a s th e n w
(a ) 8 1 ° C
ill b e
s t h r e e t im

(b ) 9 0 0 C
°
e s T h e te m p e r a

c )
e n d a n d c o o le d a ţ

r o p o r tio n a l t o d if e r e n
f
o th e r , e m

ce o f ţ e n a p
f
e r
Is d e v e lo p e d
a tu r e s a ţ ţ w o
(c ) 6 2 7 C
(e ) 5 7 4 C
°

rin (d ) 9 2 7 C °

g.n
p
en ds 286 A d in g t o P e ttlie r T h o m s o n e ffe c t
cco r
h ic h
(d ) h e a t c a n b e c o n v e r te d in t o w o r
k (a ) it is im p o s s ib le t o c o n s t r u c t a h e a t e n g in e w

e
heat i
o p e r a t e s h ı a c y c le a n d r e c e v e s a g
iv e n a m o u iıt
(e ) w o r k c a n b e c o n v e r te d in t o
280 U n de r
s tr a c t e d fr o m

(a ) im p o s s ib le
d it io n it is p o s s ib le t h a t h e a
w hat
h ot sou r ce , a s w
d
p o s it iv e w o r k b e o n
e
con
e ll a s c o ld s o u
t be ab
r c e a i ıd
o f h e a t fr o m

e qu a l
(b ) it is im p o s s ib le
o
a h ig h t e m p e r a u r e

a m ou n t
t
o fw

p e r a t e s in a c y c le a n d p r o d u c e
b

to
d
o y

or
a n d
k
d o e s

c o n s tr u c t a

s
t
d e v ic e w h ic h
n o e ffe c t o t h e r

t h a n t h e 七r a n s fe r o f h e a t fr o m a c o o le r b o d y t o
iv e t e m p e r a t u r e
(b ) h o t r e s e r v o ir is a t n e g a t h o 忱e r b o d y
t iv e t e m p e r a t u r e
(e ) c o ld r e s e r v o ir is a ţ n e g a d is s im ila t a ls h e a te d a t o n e
r v o ir s a r e a t p o s itiv e (e ) w h e n tw o r m e are
(d ) b o th h o t a n d c o ld r e s e en d a n d co o le d a t o th e r e m f Is d e v e lo p e d
,
te m p era tu re s
l t o d ifï e r e n f te m p e r a tu t tw
p r o p o r t io n a ce o re s a o
(e ) n on e o f th e a bov e
en ds
f h o t a n d c o ld r e s e r
28 1 W h a t s h o u ld b e t h e lim it a t io n o (d ) h e a t c a n b e c o n v e r te d in t o w o r k
p e r a tu r e m a c h n e
t t i
v o ir te m p e r a t u r e s ,
if a w o e m
ld r e s e r (e ) w o r k e a n ţ b e c o n v e r t e d in t o h e a t
'

h t r e s e r v o ir a s w e ll a s c o
p u m p s h e a t in t o o fo 】
t h t e m ? 287 A ll d ie s e l c y c le s pt s lo w peed en g in es u se
v o ir a n d w o r k is d o n e
o n e s y s ex ce s

v e t e m p e r a tu r e to w in g c y c le
( ) c o ld r e s e r v o ir ın u s t h a v e +
a
te tu (a ) D ie s e l (b ) O tto
(b ) c o ld r e s e r v o ir m u s t h a v e v e m p era re
l
(e ) h o t r e s e r v o ir m u s t h a v e +
v e te m p era tu re (c ) J o u le (d ) M ix e d d u a
(d ) h o t r e s e r v o ir m u s t h a v e v e te m p e r a t u re (e ) R e v e r s e d J o u le
S e c o n d la w f th e r m dyn ic s defines
(e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e 288 ￠
) o a m

2 82 Ba t a re th e lim it a t i o n s t o t h e s ig n s o f h e a t (a ) e n t r o p y (b ) e n th a lp y
e » :c h t n ge fo m h o ţ a n d c o ld r e s e r v o ir s if a tw o

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

CA L ENGı
M EC HA Nı NıEE
nı
i
76
1 E t r o p y is lle d th e prop er ty o f th e s y s te m beca
298 n ca
m e
(c ) h e a t (a ) it s d e r iv a t iv e is ze ro fo r a n y pro ce ss

(e ) internal e n e r gy
(b ) it h a s s a n ıe v a lu e a t a n y tw o e q u ilib r iu m s t a te
a
G b in k o n lu e a ch e q u ilib ń u ın
289 a s tu r e s w or
(c ) it h a s a v a s in g le e a t s ta te
(a ) c o n s ta n t p r e s s u r e c y c le (d ) it h a s a c o n s t a n t v a lu e a t e a c h e q u ilib r iu m e t a te
(b ) c o n s t a ııt v o lu m e c y c le (e ) it d e p e n d s u p o n th e p a th fo llo w e d b y th e s y B te n ı
(c ) c o n s t a n t t e m p e r a tu r e c y c ı
e
fa b s ta n i8 d e n o te
299 Is o th e m ıa lcom p r e s s ib ility o su ce
d
(d ) c o n s t a n t e n th a lp y c y c le
by
(e ) d u a l c o m b u s tio n c y c le

290 C y c le u s e d in th em aa lpow e r p la i ıt s is
(a ) Ca r n o t b ) R e v e r s e d Carnot P
S

(c ) R a n k in e (d ) B r a y t o n
(e ) E r ic s s o n
291 S u b s t a n c e is n o w in g in a p ip e o f 2 0 0 m m in s id e
d ia n ıe te r a t a n a v e r a g e v e lo c it y o f 3 m ls e e A t a g iv e n
2
s e c t io n o f th e p ip e lin e th e p r e s s u r e is 1 5 M N /n ı

a b s o lu te W n a t is th e ū o w w o r k o f 0 5 c u b ic m e t e r ,
t = t e ın p era ţu re T - a b s o lu t e t e m p era tu r e
e x p r e s s e d in jo u le B p a s s in g t h is s e c tio n ?

ww
,

lu a n s io n f b
g e c o e ffic ie n t o f
A n ıe e x p o a su
(a ) 1 1 (b ) 7 5 0 0 0 1 300 v e ra v o
,
s ta n c e is d e n o t e d b y
(c ) 9 0 0 0 0 1 ,
(d ) 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 ,

292
w
(e ) 2 5 0 0 0 1
C a lc u la t e th e e n th a lp y o f 3 k g o f H u id tlıa t o c c u p ie s
a v o lu m e o f 1 5 m
3 if h
t e internal e n e r g y is 3 5 M
J o u le s ń t g a n d t h e p r e s s u r e is 0 3 M N /m 2
.Ea
syE
(a ) 3 9 5 M J (b ) 3 6 5 M J
(c ) 1 0 9 5 M J (d ) 1 1 8 5 M J
(e ) n o n e o f t h e a bov e

ngi
293 A n is e n tr o p ic p ro ce ss o n T S d ia g r a m is re p re sen te d t te tu T a b s o lu 6 e t e m p e r a t u re
ın p era re ,

301 Is o th erm a l b u lk m o d u lu s o f a su b s ta n ce is d e n o te d
(a ) h o r iz o n t a l lin e (b ) v er tic a l lin e
by

294 E
(c ) in c lin e d lin
(e ) n
x pa
o n e o

n s io n
f th
in
e a
e

n o z z le
bov e

is
(d ) c u rv e d lin e

nee
rin
a P S

(a ) is o b a r ic p r o c e s s (b ) is o t h e r m a l p r o c e s s
(c ) a d ia b a t ic p r o c e s s (d ) is o c h o r ic p r o c e s s

2 95
(e ) p a
A ir s ta n d a r d
ra b o lic p r o
e
ce ss

ffic ie n c y o f a D ie s e l c y c le IB d e p e n
g.n
e
de n t u pon
(a ) r a tio o f s p e c ific h e a t s (b ) c u t o fï
(c ) a d ia b a tic c o m p r e s s io n r a t io
(d ) a ll o f th e a b o v e
n on e o f th e a bov e
ra tio
302
t

T
r a
-

e m
te

t e ly
p
m p e r a tu
era

m
tu
e a su

(a ) m e r c u r y in g la
re
r e

f th e
o

re d by
,
T

ss
-

o r

th
a b s o lu t e t e m p e r a t u r e
der of

e rm
150 C c a n b e

om e te r
°

t a ccu

2 96 A s y s te ın w ill b e in th erm o dy n a m ic e q u ilib r iu m o n ly (b ) th e r m o c o u p le (c ) g a th

s e rm o m e te r
if it i8 in (d ) p JiT te r
o n ıe (e ) a lc o h o l th e r m o n ıe te r
(a ) th e r m a l e q u ilib r iu m 303 W ne tw dde
n o g a se s su n ly n ıix u p w it h e a ch o th e r
(b ) m e c h a n ic a l e q u ilib r iu rıı th e n re su lt a t tr o p y f th
n e n o e s y s te m w ill
(c ) c h e m ic a l e q u ilib r iu m (a ) d e c r e a s e (b ) in cr e a se
(d ) a ll o f t h e a b o v e (c ) r e m a in s a m e
s t a tic s ta te (d ) m a y in c r e a se or decre a se depe d in g tb e
n u pon
297 C h o o s e th e c o r r e c t s ta te m en t in it ia l c o n d it io n s o f th e ga se s
A p r o p e r ty o f a ßy s te m (e ) a tt a in n e g a t iv e v a lu e

fa ) r e m a in s c o n s t a n t d u r in g a r e v e r s ib le p r o c e s s 304 If h o t w a te r d ld th e
a n co w a te r a r e m ix e d , th e n
(b ) c h a n g e s w h e n a s y s te m a fte r c o m p le tin g a c y c le en tr o p y o f th e s y te s m w ill
r e t u r n s to its in itia l ßt a g e (a ) in c r e a s e (b ) d e c r e a s e
(c ) is a lw a y s o f in te n s iv e ty p e (c ) r e m a in s a m e
(d ) is a p a th fu n c tio n (d ) m a y in c r e a s Ee /d e c r e a s e d e e n d in in itia l
p B o n
n c tio n te m p e r a tu r e
(e ) i6 a p o in t fu Io fhot a n d co ld w a te r
(e ) a tta in n w v e v a lu e

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

i M w o w ı- «ur m
ı Au aFen ĝ fi I ..

th e G ib b ß fr e e e n e r g y
'

t lio n ßh ip d e fın
p ro ce s s u n de rg o e p le to r e la e »
W n e n a
s a co m c y c lo th e n th u B 10 P o llo w in g
50ó
ch a n ge o f e n tr o p y w ill b o G
(b ) G = H TS
lu (b ) v e v n lu ((ı) G fl + TS
((】) + v e v a e u =

T8
U TS (吐) 歹 = U
(c ) z e r o v a ı
u e (c ) G - +

(d ) + v e or v e d e p e n d in B o n in itia l c o n d it io n (e ) G = U + p v
e 吕 th e H e lm ho rt z r u n e
f th e a bov e 3 1o F o llo w in g r e la tio n s h ip d e fin
(e ) n o n e o
tio n 1/ a H
3 06 If a ir is c o m p r e s s e d a d ia b a t ic a lly fr o m a tm o e p h o r ic (b ) F H TS
} ł+ T S
=
in a c y lin d e r h a v in g c o m p r e s s io n r a t io o l ((t ) F
c o n d itio n
.

(d ) F = U TS
t】+ T S
6 th e n p r e s s u r e a t th e e n d o f c o m p r e e s io n s h a ll b e
,
(c ) F -

(a ) 6 a t a (b ) le ss th a n 6 a ta (e ) t = U + pv
ig h ts f c o n e tit u en t
M M Bc o le c u la r w e o
(c ) m o r e t h a n 6 a ta 3 17 II M m
c o rr e e p o n d n g
], z a i m a sa
d th e ir
th 6 ta d e p d in g o n te m pe ra ga ee s a n m
(d ) le s s o r m o re a n a e n p

tu re a t th e e n d o f co m pre s s io n

tu i8 e qu a l to
p r e d ic t a b le
re
(e ) m
de rgo e g y lo du t o fr ie
c e s s w h ic h u n s en er s s e
A pro

ww
307 1
tio n is ca lle d (b )
M M m M a +
(b ) is e n tr o p ic p r o c e s s m i +
m z z +
(a ) a d ia b a tic p r o c e s s i

(d ) ir r e v e r s ib le p r o c e s s

308 W n ic h
(a ) e n tr o p y
o
w
(c ) r e v e r s ib le p r o c e s s
(e ) p r a c t ic a l o r r e a l p r o c e s s
f th e fo llo w in g is e x

.Ea
te n s iv e

(b ) in t e r n a l e n e r g y
p r o p e r ty ?
1 n ı
2
n za

(c ) k in e t ic e
(e ) a ll o f t h e
W ic h f th e
n e r

a bov
gy

1 1 o w i n g is
e

n o t
syE
(d ) p o te n t ia l e n e r g y

a n ex te n s iv e prop e r ty ?
(e )

M 1
M 2
1

M 3

ngi
309 o d 44
le c u la r w e ig h t s 2 8 a n
n
(b ) e n th a lp y T a se s w ith th e ir m o
(a ) e n tr o p y 3 18 w o g t
t h r o u g h t h e s a m e e ın
(d ) p o t e n t ia l e n er gy e x p a n d a t c o n s ta n t p r e s s u r e
(c ) in t e r n a l e n e r gy
T h e r a t io o f q u a n tity o w
f o rk don e

nee pe ra tu re ra n ge
(e ) d e n s ity l b y th tw ga se s is
i w ) fo r r o ce ss is e q u a e o
in t e g r a l o f (ô q p
a
3 1o Th e c y c lic 11 (b ) 1 1 7
(a ) 7 :
(d ) 7 : 4

rin
to 11
(b ) n e g a t iv e (c ) 4 :

(a ) p o s it iv e
(e ) 4 : 7
t
is q u ir e d to co n v e r

g.n
f m u ch o f o x y ge n re
d in g po n th e ty p e o
3 19 H o w m a ss
g a t iv e de pe n u
(d ) p o s it iv e or n e
in t o kg fC 0 ?
pro c e ss 1 kg o f ca r bo n o 2

311 (ô q
(e ) u n p re

(a ) a p a th fu n c t io n
d ic t a b le
ô w ) fo r id e a l g a

de t te m p
se s

e ra
is

tu re o n ly
(a )
◆

11
4
kg e (b )

(d )
11

8
3
Ķ

kg
g

t
(b ) d e p e n n o n
" b
o n ly 3
ö
re ssu re
(c ) d e p e n d e n t o n p
tu re
s su r e a n
d te m p e r a (e ) 1 k g
(d ) d e p e n d e n t o n pre d ia b a t ic a lly
W k d o n e in com pre s s in g 1 k g o f ga s a
320 o r
l t
fu V T 2 is e q u a o
P , V p T
n c to P
lp y fa n id le g a s a re fr o m 2・ 2,
d th a o 1 1
(b ) C p 'T z T 1 )
e n
3 12 Internal e n e r gy a n
T )
(a ) C . (T 2 1
ly T 1) (d ) V P P V 2
ly (b ) p r e s s u r e o n
(e ) R (T 2 1 1 2
(a ) t e m p e r a t u re o n
(e ) P 1 V 1 'T , P 2 V 2 /T 2
f gy
p e r io r fo r m
e n er
ific v o lu m e
k is s id e r e d to b e a su
o
s p e c W co n

tp Yifi 321 o r
te " ' "
(d ) p r e ssu re ,
, lu m e d to h e a t e n er gy b e ca u se
c v o a s c o n ıp a r e
d s e c
(e ) t e m p e r a t u re a n
tr o p y r k is d ir e c t e n e r gy
ta n e o u s
ly if it s e n (a ) w o
p on
3 13 A pro ce ss o ccu rs s
(b ) de cre a se s bea t
(a ) in c r e a c o n v e r te
d in to b e a t ,
se s
e s ze ro (c ) w h ile k b e fu lly
(d ) b e c o m w or ca n
(c ) r e n ıa in s s a m e
d
t h ıt o w o rk a n
t s th con v e r
tbe a

T S d ia g r a m re pre sen e
(d ) it is o fte n re q u ir e d t o
The der cu rv e o n
3 14 a re a u n
ll p r o ce ss e s
f
(a ) h e a t t r a n s fe r o
r a
r o ce s se s
f r a d ia b a t ic p
(b ) h e a t tr a n s fe r o l ro ce sse s
fo r r e v e r s ib e p
(c ) h e a t tr a n s fe r ib le p r o c e s s e s
fo r ir r e v e r s ber
(d ) h e a t t r a n s fe r is t t o g e t
e s (b ) s o lid a n d liq u id ex
fo r r e a l p r o c e s s
a n s fe: rwww.EasyEngineering.net
Downloaded
(e ) h e a t t rFrom Scanned by CamScanner
 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

M EC H A N ı
C A L ENG
ı
N EER
ı
*
(c ) s o ıid a n d v a p o u r e x is t t o g e th e r
(c ) iţ h a s th r e e is o t o p e s
(d ) s o lid liq u id a n d v a p o u r p h a s e s is t to g e th e r
, ex
(d ) it h a s łıig h th e r m a l c o n d u c tiv it y
(e ) u n d e fin e d
(e ) t is a d ia t o m ic m o le c u le
i
323 A su b s ta n ce a bov e cr itic a l t e m p e r a t u is t s
r e ex a s 334 A U ga ses behav id e a lly
(a ) s o lid e u n de r
(b ) liq u id
(a ) v a c u 1 1 m c o n d it io n s
(c ) g a s (d ) v a p o u r
(e ) s u p e r s a tu (b ) lo w p r e s s u r e c o n d it io n s
ra t e d flu id
324 M (c ) h 如虹 p r e s s u r e c o n d it io n s
p le p o in t o f a pu b s ta n p V d ia g r a
r e su ce on m is (d ) h ig h p r e s s u r e a n d h i h t
re p re sen te d b y a g e m p e r a tu r e co n d it io n s
(a ) p o in t (e ) s u p e r c r it ic a l r e s s rır e
(b ) lin e p
(e ) c u r v e 335 P ie k u p th e corre ct s
(d ) t r ia n g le ta te m e n t f o ın t h e fo llo w in
(e ) c a ıı't b e (a ) D ie s e l c y c le is g
re p r e s e n te d on p u d ia g r a m m o re e ffic ie n t t h O tt o
a n c y c le fo ,
325 M P le p o in t t e m p e r a t u ag iv
r e a n d p r e s s 1J r e fo r w
en co m pre s s io n r a t io
a te r a r e
(a ) 1 0 0 ° C a n dt 1 a t (b ) 0 忱 o c y c le is e fn c ie n
a (b ) 0 ° C a n d 1 a t a m o re t th a i ıD ie se l c y c le fo
g iv

ww
1 0 0 °C d 1 ta a en com s s io n
an a (d ) 0 C °
an d 0 006028 pre r a t io
(e ) 0 0 1 ° C a ta (e ) F
an d 0 0 060 2 8 ta
or a g iv e n c o m p r e s s io n r a t io b t h
a
D ie
o 0 忱o a n
326 Ħ ck l c y c le s h a v e s a ,
u p th e co rr e ct r e la t io n
se
m e e fn c ie n c
h ip fr o y

二w
s m t h e fo llo w in (d ) I n
g a c tu a l
p r a c t ic e O t t o c y c le is
二 th D ie s e l c y c le
m o r e e Ħic ie n

.Ea
旧 で注S d珏
- ・ v u
p an
p ďv
.
(d ) T Ď S du
Le l T D S đu
.
+ V dlp (e ) E ffic ie n c y f 0 忱o
_
V dp o o r D ie s e l c y c le h
do it h
a v e n o t h in g t
327 0 n e 】
￡in
w com pr e ss io n t io
ow a 忱 h f r a

syE
o u r o e n e r
g y is e q u a l t o 336 R M S lo c it y
(a ) 1 v e o f h y dr o e n
(b ) 1 0 0 m g ga s a t N T p is
(e ) 3 6 0 0 1 (a ) 1 8 9 m /s e c
(d ) 3 6 0 0 m (b ) 5 2 6 m /s e c
(e ) 3 6 0 0 0 k J (C ) 9 3 2 m /s e e
(d ) 1 3 5 6

ngi
,
m /s e
328 W h ic h f th
(e ) 1 8 3 9 m /s e c c
o e fo llo w in is t h
g e u n it fen 337 M cb
(a ) J o u le 0 ) o e rgy ? O le cu le is d e ĥ n e d a s th e

nee
(b ) W a tt (W ) a i ıd J (a ) s u b s t a n
角 h ic h
ce h
o u le /m 2 w
e tr e 0 1Æ ) 2
s im
a s n o t bee n lv
(c ) J o u le m e tr e J p le r fo r 1 ıı r e s o e d in tı
( m )
(b ) e le m
ー
en t m a de u p f

riHn
o m in te
329 W h ic h in d iv is ib le u a n d ch e m ic a ll
o f th e fo llo w i pa r t ic le s
n g is th e u n it fp (e ) s m lle
(a ) J o ?
ノ
ow er a
qu a n t it y fa
(b ) W o su b s ta

g.n
ł
ıic h
(c ) J ı
n
(d ) ŕ Ġ " "
n ce w

" . _
c a i ıe .

330 W h ic h o f t h e f (e ) s m lle s t b s ta

e
a su
o llo w in n ce
g is th e u r ıit o f 338 A to m

t
(a ) J /k g K ° en tr o p y ? is defined a s th e
(C ) N (b ) J P K (a ) s u b s t a n
m /k g s e e ce w h ic h h a
(d ) N m /k s im
s n o t be
(e ) J /k g g K
°
p le r fo rm
en r e so lv e d in tt
331 W h ic h (b ) e le m t
f th e fo llo w i o en m a de
n g is t h e
it o f u n iv in d iv is ib l p o f m in u t e u
c o n s ta n t ? m
ersa l e p a r ti l a n d c h e m ic a 】】
ga s c e s
(a ) N m /lt (c ) s m a lle s t
g q a n t it y o f a
u
b y its e lf i s u b s ta
(e ) N m k l° K \ u j ıų m K
n ch e m i
n ce w hi h
c e a n e x is
g
鳥 (e ) N W
3 3 2 Ħc k
K
u p th e c
(d ) N m /k
g m o le ° K
(e ) n u c le u s
c a ll r
y e c o g n is e d
fo r m

ノ o rr e ct s t
a te m e n t
Ė o m th e f
o llo w i
n g
339 E le m
(a ) s u b s t
e n t is d e fi
n e d a s th e
an ce ł
(c ) A ll th e w ıic h has
s im n o t be
r e v e r s ib l p e r fo r m e n r e so lv e d int
e e n
g in e s w o r k in g b e t (b ) e le m
w e en th e e n t m de
(d ) Iıı o r d e in d iv is ib u p o f m iT ı
a
r to o b t a in h i le p a r ti u te a n d e h e m ic a ll
d e s ig n e d gh e flñc ie n (c ) s m a ll c le s
a 6 c y a ll e n
rev e r i
s b le g in e s are e st u
q a n t it y o f
b y its e u a su bst
ıic h c a n e x is
a n ce w ł !
ij c h e ı
333 It is n ic a ll
n o t p o s s ib l
e to li
y r e c o g n is e d f
o rm
q u e fy hydro
gen a t roon ı
(e ) n eu tr a l
(a ) its te m su b s ta n
340 ce
t r itie a l t
em per
a tu r e
Y or k do n e du
te m p e r a t is lo w r in g a
w e e r th a n p r o ce s s
e a n b e d e te n d b)
room ııh ıe
(b ) it h a s lo (a ) is e n t
w d e n s it
y r o ic
p
(C ) is o t h e (b ) S t a t ic
7T n a l
(e ) q u a s i (d ) a d ia b a t ie
s t a t ic
Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner
 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

C S A N D H EA T TR A N S FE R
O D YN A M ı
THER M
W
D u r in a p r o c e s s o n t h e c lo s e d s y s t e m it s in t e r n l a
3
b in e d w it h 2 m o f o x y g e n w o u ld
841 g , a 350 1 m o fm e th a n e co m
i n c r e a s e s b y t w ic e t h e u n it s t h a n t h e h e d H 2 0 in fo llo w in g q u a n t it ie s
e n e r gy a t pro du ce C 0 2 a n

a d d e d to
it I t is p o s s ib le d u e t o 3 (b ) 2 m 3 , 2 m
3
(a ) 1 m 3 , 1 m
(a ) r a d ia tio n o f h e a t fr o m s u rT o u n d in g s
a a
3 3 (d ) 2 1 m
(c ) 1 m ,
2 m m ,

(b ) lo w e r in g o f t h e t e m p e r a t u r e (e ) 1 m
a
,
3 m
3

(c ) in c r e a s in g o f t e m p e r a tu r e 351 W n ic h o f t h e fo llo w in g is a co m po u n d ?
(d ) p e r fo r m in g o f s h a ft w o r k o n th e s y s t e m (a ) o x y g e n (b ) h y d r o g e n
(e ) in cre a se in e n tr o p y o f th e sys te m (d ) w te r
(c ) h e liu m a

342 A g a s is fo r m e d b y m ix in g e q u a l m a s s e s o f ox ygen (e ) s u lp h u r
a n d n itr o g e n g a s
T h e r a tio o f n it r o g e n a n d liq u id
o x yge n
352 W r co n de n se s in t o a
n en a v a pou
b y v o lu m e w ill b e f ll
(a ) it s te m p e r a tu r e r is e s (b ) it s t e m p e r a t u r e a s
32 28 (d ) it a b s o r b s h e a t
(a ) (b ) (e ) it e v o lv e s h e a t
32 + 28 32 28 i ta n t
+ (e ) e n th a lp y r e m a n s c o n s

28 32 d s y s t e m r e c e iv e s 5 0 k J h e a t b u t t h e
internal
353 A c lo s e
(C ) Ł
"
2 5 k J T he w o r k
32 28 e n e r g y o f th e s y s t e m de cre a se s yb
d o n e b y t h e s y s t e m w o u ld b e

(e )
28

Y ww 32
(a ) 7 5 k J
(c ) 2 5 k J
(b ) 7 5 】J
(d ) 2 5 】J

343 P
(a
ar

) th
tia l p

wg
e a v er a
re ssu r e o

e o
f
fpressu
a co m

e c o m p o n e n ts

(b ) t h e t o t a l p r e s s u r e it s o w n p r e s s u r e
(c ) t h e p r e s s u r e e x e r t e d b y t h e c o m p o n e n t
p
re o
o n en

.Ea
t in
f a ll t h
a m ix t u re is
354
(e ) 5 0 k J
A con s ta n tv
c h a n g e in it s in t e r n a l e n e r g y

r e c e iv e d o n ly 2 5 】Į o f h e a t S u
b
c
is fo u n d to u n d e r g o
o lu m

y 50 kJ w h ere a s t
h a s it u a t io n is
i
e c lo s e d s y s te m

(d ) p r e s s u r e o f t h e c o m p o n e n t it s e lf if it w a s p r e s e n
in th e e n

(e ) th e p a r tia l v o lu
t ir e v o lu m e a

p ie d b y th e c o m p o n e n t
t th syE e sa m e te m pe ra tu r e
t
(a ) o s s ib le
p
(c ) p o s s ib le if t e m p e r a t u
(d ) im a g in a r y
(b ) im p o s s ib le
,
r e o f s y s te m decre a se s

ngi
m e o ccu ib le
(e ) p o s s ib le if p r o c e s s is c y c lic a n d r ev e r s
,

344 S u b lim a tio n c u r v e o n p t a g r a m fo r a ll s u b s t a n c e

d i s
o r k in g b e tw th e t e m p e r a
355 A r e v e r s ib le e n g in e w e e n

p o s s e s s e s t h e fo llo w in g s lo p e tu lim it s f 6 0 0 °K a n d 12 0 0 K
°
r ece iv e s 50 kJ o f

nee
r e o
(a ) z e r o (b ) in fin it y h e a t T h e w o r k d o n e b y th e en g in e w ill b e
(c ) p o s itiv e (d ) n e g a t iv e (a ) 5 0 k J (b ) 1 0 0 k J
(e ) v a r ia b le (d ) 25 kJ

rin
(c ) 2 5 k J
34 5 S u b lim a tio n is t h e p r oce ss o f (e ) 50 kJ
(a ) c h a g in g fr s o lid s t a t e t o d ir e c t g a s s t a te
0 kg fga is s s e d a d ia b a t ic a lly fr o ın 1 k g /

g.n
n o m
356 n e o s co m pre
(b ) c h a n g in g fr o m g a s s t a t e t o d ir e c t s o lid s t a t e cm
2
,
1 m
3
v o lu m e d 3 0 0 ° K t o 5 k g /c m 2 , 0 5 0 n ı3
a n

(c ) e x is t e n c e o f liq u id a n d g a s e s to g e th e r v o lu m e a n d 4 0 0 °K W o r k t r a n s fe r in th is p r o c e s s w ill

346
(d ) e x is t e n c e o f s o lid liq u id a n d g a s s im u lt a n e o u s ly
(e ) s u p e r s a tu r a tio n o f v a p o u r
T h e pr o ce
ca se o f
ss o f su b lim
,

a tio n is fo u n d to o ccu r in th e
be
(a ) z e r o
(c ) 2 4 k c a l
(e ) 7 0 0 k c a l
e (b ) 1 7 1 k c a l
(d ) 5 × 0 5 l ×
t 1 k ca l

(a ) liq u id n it r o g e n (b ) s o lid C O , 357 The s p e c ific h e a ts a t co n s ta n t v o lu m e a ııd c o n s t a n t

(c ) s o lid 0 2 (d ) s t e e l pr e ssu re fo r a ir a re 7 1 1 J /k g ° K a n d 1 0 0 0 J /k g K °

re s p e c t iv e ly T h e g a s c o n s t a n t fo r a ir is
(e ) a ir
ia g r a n ıfo r a ll s u b s t a (a ) 1 7 1 1 J /k g K °
(b ) 2 8 9 J /k g °
K
p o r is a tio n c u r v e o n p t d
n ce s
347 V a

p o s s e s s e s t h e fo llo w in g s lo p e 289
(b ) in fin it y (c ) J /k g °
K (d ) d a t a is in co m p le t e
(a ) z e r o 4 zŤ
(c ) p o s itiv e (d ) n e g a t iv e (e ) n on e o f th e a bov e

(e ) v a r ia b le 358 1 kg o f c a rbo n p ro du ce s fo llo w in g q u t ity o fC O

a n
fo r ll s u b s t a n ce s pos
348 Iru B io n p t d ia g r
cu rv e on a m a
11
se sse s th e fo llo w in g s lo pe
3
(a ) z e r o (b ) infinity
3
(c ) p o s it iv e (d ) n e g a tiv e (d ) kg
"
(e ) v a ń a b le
349 In c y c lic n e t h e a t s u p p lie d
ce s s th e
is 7 0 】JF
a p ro ,

f h l i u a l to
s e c T h e w o r k o b t a in e d r o m t e c y c e s e q
(a ) le s s th a n 7 0 k J /s e c (b ) m o r e t h a n 7 0 M /s e c u c e fo llo w in g p
ı e r ce n ta g e

(c ) z e r o J /
(d ) 7 0 k s e c
(e ) w o u ld d e p e n d o n ch a n g e in in t e rn a l e n e r gy

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

M E C H A N IC A L ENGı
Ħ
t io n is d e fin e d a s
l c o n s u n ıp
3 69 s p e c i{ic fu e
e r h o
n p t io n p
(a ) fu e ıc o n s
u ı
(b ) 1 8 %
ıe d p e
]
(a ) 1 1% (d ) 2 9 % ı u n r tm
(b ) fu e c o n s
(o ) 2 S % u m đp e r B H P
e
(c ) fu e l c o n s B H P
tity o fC O u m d pe r b r pe r
e
f c o r b o ııp r o d u c e
s o w in g
fo 1ı qu m ,
(d ) fu e l c o n s e r IH P
5oo 1 kg o
ıe d p e r h r p
f l o n su n
kg
(e ) u e c
(b )
(a ) 1 k g 3 e c o m b u s tio ı
n ıb u s tio n
(b ) in v is ib ı
kg (a ) in e r t \ s c o b t io n h ıv w
Ş kg
(m b u s t io n (d ) c o
ın u s
(c ) 7 (c ) c a ta ly tic c o m
5 l c o m b u s tio n
h in g lik e n a m e e s s
(e ) th e r e is n o t

ww (◆) kg

s e ı S o n ıo tim e s ic e is w ı
(o ) e o o ı in g r a p id b
i ite h ıc o lo u r It is d u e t o
(b ) S U O O l i n g
871 c o n s id e r th e fo lı
p o in t o f w a
te r

1 T h e la te n t h e a
o w in g

t is z e r o
s t a t e m e n t s a b o u t c r itie a

w
(c ) blo n g
w i m r d u ń n g f

(e ) m ix irıg o f s a lt iııw a te r
r e e ıin g p n o c e s s

v e d g a s e s a n d im p u
(d ) p r e s e n c e o f d is s o ı

5 6 2 T h o r a tio o f a ır r e q u ir e d fo r c o m p
c a r b o n to c ı .Ea
r itie s

le t e c o m b u s t io n o f
u b o n d io x id e a s c o m p a r e
d to th a t r e
2 T h e liq u id is d e n s e r
3 S te a ıııg e n
O f th e s e s
th u ı its v a p o u r

t o r s c a lı o p e r a te a

t a te
e ra

(a ) 1 2 a n d 3 a r e c o r r e c t ( )
(c ) 2 a n d 3 a r e c o m e t
b 1
m

(d ) 1
e n ts
b o v e th is p o h ıL

u ıd

a n d 3
2 a re co rre c

a re co rre c t
t

q u ir e d fo r c o m b u s tio n o c
( )1 5 ı
a
(c ) 2 3 1
t a r b o n m o n o x id e is

(b ) 2 1

syE
(d ) S 0 : l
872 M
u s in
a t c h L is t I a n d L is m
g tııe c o d e s g iv

L is t I
e n
a n d

b e lo w
s e

(C h a
tı
le c t t h
ıe lis t s

L is t n
e co rrec

te r is tic )
t

ngi
(C y c le o p e ra tiï ıg ra c
B b c a lo ń t e r is u s e d to m e a s u r e th e c n ı
oń lic
S óS om m p

v a lu e o f b e tıu e e n fıx e d
(a ) s o lid fu e ls (b ) liq u id fu e ls te m p e r a t u r e lim its )
ds

nee
(c ) g a s e o u s fu e ls (a s o lid o r liq u id fu e l A C a r n o t ycle 1 E ffic ie n cy depe n

(e ) a n y o n e o f tlıe a b o v e u po n c u t o if ra t io an d
864 W W C h o f th e fo u o w in 8 g a s e s p o s s e s s e s m a x im u m s s ir m ra t io
co m pre
h e a t c o n te n t a t 1 0 0 C
B B c y c le 2 E ßū c ie n d e p e ııd s

rin
ra y to n cy
(a ) O , (b ) C O ,
u po n v o ı
u m e
(c ) (a C H ,
(e ) C a H r co m p r e s s io n ra t io

3 T lıe fo u o w iııg is concerned

g a s e o u s fu e ls
(a ) A v a g a 山n s h y p o th e s is
w itlı tlıe co n ih u s tio n o f
C O tto c y c le 3

g.n
E ffic ie n c y d e p e n d s
o n ly u p o n p r e s s u r e

r a tio

3 66
(b ) K r ic h h o lľ
(c ) D a lto n a la w
(d ) M a n d e ı

T he
s la

e e f s p e r io d ic ta b le s

C h a r le
a re a u n

(a ) h e a t tr a ıu fe r
8 la w
de r
w

a cu rv e o n T B d ia g r a m re p r e s e n te
D D ie s e ıc y c ı
e 4

5
e
R f fic in
on ly u

t e m p e r a tu r e
n cy

pon
lim its
E ffic ie n c y d e p e ııd s
d e p e n ds

t
u po n specific h e a ts o ł
(b ) e n th a lp y tr a n s fe r
th e w o r k iııg su b s t a iıcı
(c ) h e a t t r a n s r d u r in r e v e r i C dee
B s b le p r o c e s e o A B C D
(a h e a t tr a n s fe r d u r in ir r v (a )
g e e r s ib le 3 4
pro c e ss 2
(e ) c h a n g e o f e n tr o 5
py (b ) 4 2
36? S u b z a e rg e d h u s tio n in v o lv e s
co m
1 5
(c ) 4 3
fa ) c o n ıb m tio ııiııs id e tl 2
ıe liq u id m e d i
u n ı (d )
(b ) C o m b u s tio n o f li u id f l 4 5 1
q u e s
(c ) c o m b u s tio rıo f li u id f 373 0n e re v ers ib le h e a t e n
q u e l u n d e r in e t
r ga s e s d T g iııe o p e r a te s b e tw e e ıı 1 6 0 0 8
(d ) m v is ib ı e co ııb u s t io n
ı
a n
,
K a n d a n o th o r re v e rs ib le h e a t
(e ) th e r e is n o th in g lik e s o p e r a te s b e tw e e T
e n g in e
u bm e r e d c o
n K an d 4oo K If b o tlıth e
16 8 A U tlıe c o m m e r c ia l li i
B ın b u s tio n e n g in =
q u d fu e ls m e d e r iv d te m p e r a h
(a ) c o a l e fr o m ir e ?
z ıııs t b e e u l to
(6 ) c r u d e o i】 (a ) 1 0 0 0 q a
(c g a s o lin e (b ) 1 2 0 0
(d ) fu e l o il (c ) 1 4 0 0
(c k e r o s e n e
374 A hea t u ıg in e
m in g la k e
an d th e w a te r a t 12 * c as s o u r«
su rro u
ııd in
e x e c u te s B a t n ıo s phe r e a t 2 °c s ı»
10 8 0 c y c le s
a s
per tııh ı H tı
ıe a ıııo m t o fı
ıe

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

CS A
o o vNA M ı N D H E A T TTR A N S F E R
rH W ı 81

d r a w n p e r c y c le is 5 7 J t h e n th e o u tp u t o f th
g in
!
e en e L is t I L is t II
w ill b e
A T w o co n s ta n t v o lu m e s 1 E r ic s s o n
(a ) 6 6 W (b ) 5 6 W
d tw d ia b a t ie s
(c ) 4 6 W
a n o a
(d ) 3 6 W
B T ta t pre 2 S tir ı
in g
5 75 F o r c o n s t a n t m a x im u m p r e s s u r e a n d h e a t in p u t th
w o con s n s su re s
e
a ir s t a n d a r d e ffic ie n c y o f g a s p o w e r c y c le s
a n d tw o a d ia b a t ic s
is in t h e
o rde r C T w o c o n s ta n t v o lu m e s 3 J o u le
(a ) D ie s e l c y c le , d u a l c y c le O tt o c , y c le a n d tw o is o th em ıa ls
(b ) O tt o c y c le ,
D ie se l c y c le , d u a l c y c le D T w o con s ta n t pre s su r e s 4 0 忱o
(c ) D u a l c y c le , O t to c y c le ,
D ie se l c y c le a n d tw o is o t h e rm a l
(d ) D ie s e l c y c le O t to ,
c y c le ,
du a l c y c le C o d e s A B C D
3 76 V o lu m e tr ic a n a ly s is o f s a m p le o f d r y p r o d u c t s o fc o m (a ) 3 4 2 1
b u s tio n g a v e th e fo llo w in g r e s u lt s 2
(b ) 3 4 1
C0 . 10 % C 0 . 1% 0 8% 2
2 2
・
(c ) 4 3 1
N - 8 ı%
,
(d ) 4 3 2 1
T h e ir p r o p o r tio n s b y w e ig h t w ill b e

ww 383 M a tc h fig u r e s o f C o lu m n I w it h t h o s e g iv e n in
(a ) 4 4 0 : 2 8 : 2 5 6 : 2 2 6 8 (b ) 2 2 1 4 256 : 1 13 4 C o lu n ın n an d s e le c t t h e co rre ct a n sw e r u s in g th e

(c ) 4 4 0 : 14 : 28 : 2268 (d ) 2 2 28 : 14 : 1 13 4 c o d e s g iv e n b e lo w th e c o lu m n s

w
377 The d in g o f th e p r e s s u r e g a u g e fitt e d o n a v e s s e l
re a
C l (T
ı d ia g ra m )
C o ı
um n I (p v d ia g ra m ) o lu m n s
is 2 5 b a r T h e a t m o s p h e r ic p r e s s u r e i8 1 0 3 b a r a n d
th e v a lu e o f g is 9 8 1 m /5 2 T h e a b s o lu t e p r e s s u r e in
th e v e s s e l is
.Ea
syE
(a ) 2 3 9 7 b a r (b ) 2 5 0 0 b a r

(c ) 2 6 0 3 b a r (d ) 3 4 8 4 b a r
V
378 In a c y c lic h e a t e n g in e o p e r a t in g b e tw e e n a so u rce

m p e r a tu r e o f 6 0 0 C d in k t e

ngi
°
te a n a s m p e r a tu r e o f
2 0 ° C , th e le a s t r a t e o f h e a t r e je c tio n p e r kw n e t o u t
pu t o f th e e n g in e is
(a ) 0 4 6 0 k w
(c ) 0 5 8 8 k w
(b ) 0 5 0 5 k w
(d ) 0 6 5 0 k w
nee
rin
3 79 A C a rn o t e n g in e r e c e iv in g h e a t a t 4 0 0 K h a s a n e ffi
c ie n c y o f 25% Th e C O P o f a C a n ıo t r e fr ig e r a t o r
k in g b e t w th e s a m e t e m p e r a tu r e lim it s is

g.n
w o r e e n
C

(c ) 3 (d ) 4
380 0 t to c y c le e ffic ie n c y is h ig h e r th a n D ie s e l c y c le e fï i
c ie n c y fo r t h e s a m e c o m p r e s s io n r a tio a n

p u t b e c a u s e , in O tt o c y c le
(a ) c o m b u s tio n is a t c o n s t a n t v o lu m e
d h e a t in
C
(a )
(c )
o d e s A

3
1
B
2
1
e C
3
2
V

(b ) 2
(d ) 3
A B
3
2
t
C
1
1
V

(b ) e x p a n s io n a n d c o m p r e s s io n a r e is e n tr o p ic fe r t a k e
3 84 H e a t tr a n s s p la ce a cco r d in g t o
(c ) m a x im u m te m p e r a t u r e is h ig h e r (a ) Z e r o th L a w o fThe rm o dyn a m ic s
(d ) h e a t r e je c t io n is lo w e r (b ) F ir s t L a w o fT herm o dyn a m ic s
38 1 T h e is o th e r m l e f ū c ie i ıc y fa r e c ip r o c a t in g co m pre s
a o (c ) S e c o n d L a w o f T h e r m o d y n a iııic s
so r is d e fin e d a s (d ) T h ir d L a w o f T h e r m o d y n a m ic s
a c tu a lw or k don e du p r e s s io n
r in g com
385 M a t c h L is t I w ith L is t II a n d s e le c t th
(a ) e co rr ec t a n B v re r
r e s s io n
rs o th erm a lw o r k d o n e d u r in g c o m p L ie t I L ie t I I
d ia b a tic k d o n e d u r in g c o m p r e s s io n
Jd
a w o r
(b ) A W o r k do n e in a 1 v p
is o th e r m a lw or k don e d u r in g c o ın p r e s s io n
is o th e r m a lw o rk don e d u r in g com p r e s s io n p ly t r o p ic p r o
o ce s s

(c ) B W k don in 2
d u r in g r e s s io n o r e a ze ro
a c tu a lw o rk don e com p
d u r in g s s io n s te a d y flo w p r o ce ss
is o t h e r m a lw o r k don e com pre
(d )
a c tu a lwd u r in g a d ia b a tic c o m
or k do n e p r e s s io n C H e a t tr a n s fe r in a 3 P 1b p ż1 5
882 M a t c h L is t I w it h L is t I I a n d s e le c t
th e c o r r e c t 1
下
a i
n s w e r s u s in g th e c o d e s g v e n b e lo w t h e lis ts r ev e rs ib le a d ia b a t ic

process

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

82
. ' ' " HANı
CA L EN °
D W o r k don e in a n 4 劂囹
匹 P z V2 C C o n s ta n t pre s s u r e l
n 1
is e n t r o p ic p r o c e s s
D C o n s ta n t v o lu rııe

C o d e « A B C D
(a ) 4 1 3 2
C o d e s A B
(b ) l 4 2 3
(a ) 2 3
(c ) 4 1 2 3
(b ) 2 3
(d ) 1 2 3 4
(c ) 3 2
386 M a tc ı ı t h e c u r v e s in D ia r a n ı I
g w it h t h e cu rv e s in
D ia g r a i ıı II a n d s e le c t t h e c o (d ) 2 5
r r e ct a n sw e r
D ia g r I
391 Jo u le T lıo m so n co e ffic ie n t is t h e ra t io o f
a m D ia g r a ııı n
(a ) p r e s s u r e ch a n ge to te ın p e r a tu r e ch a n
(P ge
ro ce ss o n
p V pı
tın e ) (P ro ce s s o n T s pı
a n e) o ccu rr in g w h e n a g a s m derg o e s th e r o c e s s of
p
a d ia b a t ic t h r o tt lin g

ww (b ) t e n ıp e r a
o ccu rr

a
in g w h e n a g
d ia b a t ic t h r o tt lin g
tu r e c h a n ge
a s •
to
dergo
p r e s s u r e

e s th e pro
c h
c e s s of
a n ge

w V .Ea S
(c ) t e m p

(d ) p r e
o ccu rr

a
in g
d ia b a tic
s s u r e
er a

ir ıg
tu r e

w h en

e o n ıp r e s s io n

c h
h
a n
c h

ge
a
a n

g
ge
a s

to
u n
to
dergo

te m
p

p
r e ss u re

e s

e r a
th

tu
e

r e
p
c

ro ce s s

c
h

h
a ıı

a n
ge
of

ge

syE
o cc u rr w e n a g a s u n de rgo e s th e p r o c e s s of
C o d e s A B C D d ia b a t ic
a c o n ıp r e s s io n
(a ) 3 2 4 5 392 G ib b fr e G is d e fin
s e en er gy e d a s

島
(b ) 2 3 4 5 (a ) G H T S (b ) G

ngi
U T S
(c ) 2 3 4 1 (c ) G U + p v T S (d ) G . H +
(d ) 1 4 2 3 393 W h ic h o n e o f t h e fo llo w in g g a s e o u s fu e ls d

デ
o e s n ot

nee
387 A s t a ııd a r d h a v e d iffe n t h ig h e r a n d lo w e r c a lo r ifi
v a p o u r is com pr e s se d to h a lf it s v o ltım e
r e
c v a lu e s ?
w it h o u t ch a n g iııg it s t e tu The (a ) M e th a n e (b ) E t h a n e
m p e r a r e r e su lt is t h a t
(a ) A ll t h e v a p o u r c o n den s e s t o liq u id (c ) C a r bo n m o n o x id e (d ) H y d r o g e n

rin
(b ) S o n ıe f th liq u id 394 T h e e o e ffic e n t o f p e r fo ı m a D c e f
o e ev a p o r a t e s a i ıd t h e o a r e fr ig e r a t o r w o r k
p r e s s u re
do t h in g o n a r e v e r s e d C a r n o t c c l i
e s n o c a n ge y e s 4 T h e r a t io o f th e
(c ) T h e p r e s s u r e is d o u b le it s in it ia l v a lu e h ig h e s t a b s o lu t e t e n ı e r a t u

g.n
p r e t o t h e lo w e s t a b s o lu te
t e n ıp e r a t u r e is
(d ) S o n ıe o f t h e v a p o u r c o n d e n s e s a n d t h e r e s s
p u r e
do e s n o t c h a n
(a ) 1 2 (b ) 1 2 5
ge

e
388 M e th b u m s w it h s t o c h io m e t ń
a i ıe
(c ) 3 3 3 (d ) 4
c qu a ııt it y o f ir

t
a
T h e a ir lfu e l r a t io b y w e i h t is 395 Th e p o ly t r o p ic e q u a t io n is w r it t
g e n a s p u " . t
c o n s t a ıı
(a ) 4 V a lu e o f n fo r is o t h e r ın a l is e n t
(b ) 1 4 7 r o p ic co n s ta n t p re s
(c ) 1 5 su re a n d c o n s t a i ıt v o lu ın
(d ) 1 7 1 6 e r o c p e sse s re s p e c t iv e ly a le
389 A g iv e n a s
c lo s e d th e r m d y ııa ic n ı is o n e
o m s y te s in w h ic h
(a ) n = 1, n k, O
(o ) t h e r e is n o e n e r gy or n ıa s s tr a i ıs fe r a cro s s th
・ n = - n

bo
e (b ) n ・ O n k n ı
u ııd a r
・ n
y
(b ) th e r e is n o m a ss tr a fe bu t
n s r e n e r g y tr a n s fe r (d ) n
e x is t s
= " n ・ k n ・ O, n 1
396 If a th dyn ic
(c ) t h e r e is n o e n er g y tr a n s fe r bu t
e m ıo a m y s t e n ı r ın d e r g o
s
d ia b a tic
, m a s s tr a n s fe r e s a n a
is t s Pr o ce s s th e n e t ıo u n t o f w o r k
e d b y it
a n
ex
p e r fo r ın
depe n ds
(d ) b o t h e n e r gy a n d n ıa s s tr a ııs fe r t a k e p la ce a cro ss
th
b o u n d a r y , b u t th e (a ) o ııly o n it s in itia l d fin l
e
n ıa s s t r a n s fe r is
a n a s ta t e
lle d b y v a lv e s
tr (b ) o n th e f in t e r ın (o r p a tb )
co n o se qu e n ce o d ia t e
e s ta t e s
390 M a tc h L ie t I (} r o c e s s ) w it h L is t II (c ) n o t o n th f in t e r m t a t e s (o f
e se
(In d e x n in p w . qu en ce o e d ia t e s
c o n s t ) a n d s e le c t t h e c o r r e c t
a n s w e r u s in
p a th )
g th e c o d e s
g iv e n b e lo w t h e lis ts (d ) (a ) a n d (e )
L ie t I 397 A r e v e r s ib le is o t h
L is t n e r m a l p r o c e ss w ill in v o lv e ıo
ı
c h a n f t r o p y if it t a k e s
A A d ia b a t ic 1 n - In fin it y ge o e n
p la c e a t
(a ) z e r o t e m p e r a t u r e
B Is o th e r ın a l 2 n - (b ) in fin it y t e ın p e r a tu r e
(c ) n ıin u s z e r o t e iııp e r a tu re
(d ) a n y o f t h e a b o v e

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

398 Th e ze ro t h la w o f th e dyn
rm o a m ic s d e a ls ith
w 4 0 ı A c a r n o t e n s in e rec e iv in g h e a t a t 4 0 0 K h a s a n e ffi
(a ) c o n v e r s io n o f h e a t a n d w o r k
c ie n c y o f 2 5 % T in e CO P o f a c a r n o t r e fr ig e r a to r w o r k
(b ) r e v e r s ib ility o f a p r o c e s s ,

in B b e tw e e e n s a m e te n ıp e r a t u r e lim it s is
(c ) t r a n s it iv ity o f t h e r m a l e q u ilib r iu m
(d ) in tr o d u c t io n o f c o n c e p t o f e n tr o (a ) 2 (b ) 3
py
3 99 W h ic h o f t h e fo llo w in g is (c ) 4 (d ) 5
n o t c o iT e ct a bo u t fir s t la w
o f th e r m o d y n a m ic s ? 402 W h ic h is t h e co rre c t re la t io n e h ip fo r a d ia b a t ic
( )e n
a e r gy ca n n e ith e be ex )a n s io n /c o m p r e s s io n ?
r co n v e r te d n o r d e s tr o y e d
(b ) in lo d te 2 46

Ĺ) Ĺ )
a c se sy s °7 '
m ,
e n er g y is c o n se rv e d
(c ) e n e r gy ca n be co n v e r te d fr o n fo m (a ) = .
ı o n e ı to
a n o th e r to ta l e n e r in
, gy re m a s m c h a nge d
(d ) c o m p le t e c o n v e r s io n o f th l
erm a en er g y to w o r k
is n o t po ss ib le
400 A m a c h in e c o n s is t s o f tw o c c l
y e s t o p p in g c y c le a n d ,

b o tt o m in g c y c le s c o u p le d in s e r ie s If
, e f fic ie n c ie s o f
th e s e c y c le s r e s p e c t iv e l a r e 3 0 %
y a n d 20 % th e n o v e r ,
a ll c o m b in e d e fï ic ie n c
y o f m a c h in e w ill b e

ww (d ) a ll o f t h e a bov e
(a ) 2 5 % (b ) 5 0 %
(c ) 3 0 % (d ) 4 4 %

w 囲
回 .Ea
A N SW E R S

m
;
W
一
一

回
囲
syE 回
m
回

一
一

咿 ngi 回
;
W
回
回
m
回
回 nee ;
回
回
rin m
m W
甘
回
g.n
; ;
m

e
一
一 ; ;
回
一
一

回
回
回
W
W
W
t
;
一
一

1 囲 m
1 回
1 回 m
阁
囲 ;
一
一 回
囲 ;
圃 m
一
一 m
囲
回 ;
回 m
囲
囲 回
i8 g i

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

■
am \a l 1 1 4 (￠)
1ał
*t \a ) g (b )
a lı

s o a (c ) N & (c )

3 3 了 \e ) 墨客久 谄 )

36S \tn W (c )
\b p

ww
3 7 7 (￠) Bm
3 8 S (e ) 38 \b )

m A qu
w tiĘr is id tu b e p m p e r tt .Ea o f th e q
EXP

s te u ı,
A TO RY N O T E S

if tlıe N o en g h ıe u ıb e ı
cı n u r￠ e lħc ie ııt th a n C a rn o t e ııs ilıe ,

syE
ın sa

iu r p o s s ib le
o ft s is te m is s a n ıe fw a ll p at
- 6T%
16 8

a ı e n đs ta te , ir r e s p e c tiw o f p a tlı ñ ı
d e n đu ıt
b u t in c a s e o f a d i・ b a tic p r ū c e s s It is e p
owed
on ı
y

ngi \ ,a

W
r

-
9o o

- 8o% so iın p o ss ib le

90Ļ W D - pm = \ 3V + 1 5) 10
8
dv

nee
17 6 Q = & u + 1

-
ľ ' '" . ıo s
IŲĮ
rin . 1 o 4 (2 "

g.n
or
42 T
- 200 + 200 = 0

e &
10 6 Nnıorjauıe 1 13 0
= ( 4 鳥 ◆ 16 ) × 1 0 s = 10 5 ×
179 . 2 k c a u ın K

t
.

ıl x pv - T Tı 56 5

m - m oı
ecu la r w Ęi §t
u ıd M R = 8 8 4 1 J lk g ı
ııo ľ K T 3 15
600 10 l V 834 1 × (0 8 + 20
x
ib le
× =

ľ
634 1 × 300
4 17 w m o l
Ĵ T
° ' A n d pr oce ss w l be
iı re v e rs

u ıd - ・ m
'
6 00 10
×
18 0 & .

ıı& A o co r đin B to ñ r s t ta i r o f themıodnıımic

u ıd
& \ . 1
300 = 0 ◆ W .
or
Ą 3 15
an d W . 300 U = 300 = 10 N n ı

16 6 Fbr c ın ıo t e e q -
m J - 1, ıd
aı p ro ce ss is in ıp o s s ib le

T
18 ı &
(a ?a + aa T ) (2 7 3 + 200 -

. . 4 0% Ą
500 50 0
N etw t a ııd
& .
9 15
. 3
rl o fe n g in e o f ın an u n c tu r e r -
Tl 3 ı5
H ea t a dde d
b l=
4
20 × 45 0 0
5 0. % T J - 1. A ııd p ro ce ss is in * v e r si

2 7 ×40 0 -

tıııy n o te is g im t th e en d
p lw ıa a
th ıt e ï
Į d i æt e s
Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner
 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

C S A N D H EAT T R A N S FE R
DYNAM ı
\b
ı

W o rk do n e 10 k w
T1 =
- 10 8 0
H e a t su ppı
ie d 3 0 , 0 0 0 J /B = 10 8 0 = = 18 c y c le s /ße c
60
3
9 × 10 w a tt or J /s
- 0 3 or 30%
3 0 ,0 0 0 2 86
Ti 285
H ea t j
r e e c te d . Q W . 3 0 ,0 0 0 9 ,0 0 0 2 1 , 0 0 0 J /s k
.
w o rk w o r

H t to b e h e a t in p u t 67
p e d to M ģ h e r te
e a
C O p (ıA e o t - W n ıp
p u m p'
W or k to b e d o n 10 × 67
e
o r w o rk do n e per c y c le -

60 28 5
= = 7 5 270
8 d k do n eec × 1 8 J le
w o r e per
2 58
a n -

H e a t a b s tr a c te d fr o n
C O p (, r e -
ır o o m 3 6 Wa t ts .
fr ig e r a t io n '
W D
Thu s (d ) is th e c o r r e ct a n sw e r
W D H t to b e p
e a
p e d to h ig h e r te
-
u m f th r e e
n ıp 375 F ig s how s th e v a r ia tio n o f th e r n ıa l e ffic ie n c y o
H e a t a b s t r a c t e d fr o m h o t p la c e s s io n r a t io
c y c le s w ith v a r ia tio n in c o ın pre
H t b s t r a c t e d fr o n

ww
e a a ır o o n ı 6 0 8 . 52 M e a l T h u s fo r s a m e h e a t in p u t a ııd s a m e n ıa x p r e e s u r e it
52 w ill b e s e e n t h a t th e o r d e r o f e ffic ie n c y is d ie s e ı
,
du a l
a ııd CO P _ = 6 5
8 O tt o

E
wth lp y fo
H .

-
U
3 5
(3 5
3 kg
+

× 10
PV

+
6
+

.Ea
0 15 ) × 10 6 J
3
0 3

3 65
× 10
6
×

. 3 65 M J
1 5 × 3
ie ,
(a ) p r o v id e s r ig h t

O «o
a n sw e r

syE
n a r - × - 10 95 M J
A t V D tiā ı

tV
it ic a l p o in t , t h e la t e n t h e a t in z e r o a n d s te a n ı
cr

g e n e r a t o r s c a n o p e r a te a b o v e th is p o in t a s in th e c a s e
q / X
D ie se l

ngi
o f o n c e th r o u g h b o ile r s

T he d e n s it y o f liq u id a n d it s v a p o u r is h o w e v e r s a ıııe

a ııd th u s s t a t e ın e n t 2 is w r o n g T h u s c o r r e c t c h o ic e
is (d )

In th e f carnot ycle T ı d th u
nee c o m p r e s s io n ra tio

rin
c a se o ; T1 - a n s
Ą 3 76 C o n v e r s io n fr o m v o lu m e tr ic t o g r a v im e t r ic is d o n e

lim it s Thu A a s b e lo w
dep e n d s o n ly u p o n te m p e ra tu r e s

F
a tc h e s

B
w it h 4

y c le 1
1 g.n
e
o r r a y to n c , n -
r 1

ie ffic ie n c y d e p e n d s u p o n o n ly p r e s s u r e r a tio a ııd

,
e

th u s fo r B , c o r r e c t c h o ic e is 3 T h e s e tw o a lo n e p r o v id e
c o r r e c t c h o ic e a s (c ) H o w e v e r it m a y b e n o e
t d th a t
(f p ) "

t
國圈園國
e ff ic ie n c y o f O tto l
c y c e d e p e n d s o n v o lu m e

h ffi i f D i e l c y c le T h e ir p r o p o r tio n b y ig h t
c o n ıp r e s s io n r a t io a n d t e e c e n c y o e s w e a r e a s p e r (a )
i
d e p e n d s u p o n c u t o fF r a t o a i ıd c o m p r e s s io n r a tio i e ,
C m a tc h e s 2 a n d D m a tc h e s 1
lin ıit s
378 M a x E ffic ie n c y - -
\ 瓮
T w o r ev e r s ib le h e a t e n g in e s o p e r a t e b e tw re e n
1 kw 580
o f 16 0 0 K a n d T a n d 4 00 K
2
ıre a st heat re e c j tio 29 3
a i ıd o u tp u t , n
B o th h a v e th e sa m e h e a t in p u t
l × 293
ie W is s a ıııe fo r b o t h a n d L e a s t he a t r e je c tio n - . o 506 k w
,
580
Ą
T2 400 3 79 m 0 25
40 0 T2
16 0 0 T2 T1 =

7į
O r -

.
l2
16 0 0 T2 T 0 25T
o r
2
+
z
= 400
o r T = 800 K
2
4 00
H e re T 2 73 + 12 = 2 8 6 °K o r T - 3 20 e K
l26
- =
, 2
T = 273 + 2 - 275 K °

2
f c y c le t 320 320
H e a t dr a er cy c le 57 1 a ııd n o o s per ın CO P . = 4
w n p -

了 石石
一

Tı )f2 40o 了
百

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

t fo r a
a c on s ta iı p e r fe
A cyc le c o n s s tin g o f tw o p ie ce s o f is o th e rm j
s o in e d by 43 T h e p r e ssu re v a lu e p ro du c t is
o f re v e r s ib le a dia h a tic s
tw pie c e s
o ga 吕
f a s y s te n ıw h o s e v a lu e d o e s C , if n 0 , 1 a iıd o c m ean s
3 A p r o p e r ty o n a p r o ce s s fo llo w in g p u
"
n ot de p e n d 44 ı . =

a ss o f th e s y s te m
u p o n th e m
in hic h its boı
ndaries, c o n s ta n t v o lu m e p r o c e s s is
24 A s y s te m
w e n e r gy n ı
a y c ro s s d o n e in
45 T h e w o rk

bu t n o t t h e m ass

lo e w hic h p e m ıits bo th m d e n e r gy
2 5 A s ys te ın e n v e p a ss a iı

to c r o ss its b o u n da r ie s to w or k tr a n s fe r
i h ic h is of
26 A th e r m o dyn a m e s y s e ın fu n c tio n
t w n o t in Ðu e n c e d by id e a l g a s is
e r gy o f a n
a
47 In te r n a l e n
th e s tırr o m din g

27 A n o p e n s y ste m in w 如血th e r a te o f p a s s a g e o f ın a ss
七 l i8 r o o r tio n a l
48 Internal e n e r gy c h a iıge o f a n ide a g a s p p
aııd e n e r gy do e s n o t c h a n ge w ith tim e
28 A p r o c e s s in w h ic h n o h e a t tr a n s fe r ta ke s p la ce be tw e e n t o f n ıa x im is in g
49 p r o v id e s c o n ce p
c y c le
th e s u ï T o m din g s a n d th e s y s te m bu t w o r k tr a n s fe r t its
e r a tu r e lin ı
w o r k o u tp u t b e tw e e n tw o e m p
ta k e s p la c e

29 A pr o ce s s in
w o rk ww w h ic h flu id ex pa n ds w ith o u t do in g y
a iı

5 1 A llr e v e r s ible e n Jgĵn e s o p e r a tin g b e tw e en tn ro fix e d te n ı

30 A sy s te m in

31 A
r iu m
w e c h a n ic a l, th e rı
nı

s e r ie s o f s ta te s
n a la n

th r o u g h
.Ea
w ł
ıic h
d ch e m ic a le q u ilib

a th e r m o dy n a n ı
ic
p e r a tu r e s h a v e

o f 80 0 K a n d 4 00 K w ill h a v e e c
° °
E ffic ie n c y

5 2 A C a r n o t c y c le o p e r a tin g b e tv re e n te m p e r a
tu r e lim its
fn ie n c y o f 50 % w h e n
s y s te m p a s se s

syE
32 A p r o ce ss h ıw hic h a ll th e rm o dyrıa m ie p r o p e r tie s a r e
th e s a ın e a t th e s ta r t a n d a t th e e iıd o f th e p r o c e s s
th e w o r k in g s u bs ta n c e is
ibl ro
5 3 If a s y s te ın in a giv e n s ta te u ııd e r g o e s a r e v e r s e p
c e s s tillits s ta te i6 in th e m ı n ie equilibriı
o dy n a ı mw ith
3 3 A pr o c e s s c a r r ie d
d e p a r ts
ou t s u c h th a t a t
ly in fin ite s im
e v e ry

a lly
in s ta n t th e
fr o m th e
ngi th e s u rr o u n diııg , th e n w o r k d o n e by th e s y s te ın is n ıa x
i

s y s te m

nee
on nı
1ım

th e rm o dy n a m ic equilibri s ta te 54 B e c a u s e o f th e div e r gh ıg n a tu r e o f co n s ta iıt pressı

re
34 If tw o s y s te m s a r e b o th in th e m ıa l e qu ilib r iu m w ith a lin e s , th e v a lu e o f r e h e a t fa c to r s
i
thir d s y s te ın , th e y a r e h ıth e rm a le q u ilibr iu m w ith e a ch
rin
o th e r

35 In th e r n ıo d y n a n ıic s , it is d e fin e d a s th e s o le e ffe c t

g.n
external to th e s y s te m th a t c a n b e r e du c e d to th e r is e
o f a w e ig h t

3 6 T be p r o du c t o f th e c h a r a c te r is tic g a s c o n s ta n t a n d th e
5 7 E a ch

58 H om
un iq u e co n

e
ditio n o f th e s y s te ın

p o s itio n o f th e m a tte r
o ge n e o u s c o n ı

la r s ta te
in a

tp a r tie u

ı
ııo le c u la r w e ig h t o f a n ide a l ga s
59 A s e r ie s o f p r o ce s s e s th a t b e gin an d en d a t th e sa n ı
e

37 T he n o le c u la r w e igh ts o f a ll th e
ı p e r fe c t g a s e s o ccu py s ta te o f w o r kin g fı
u id

th e sa m e v o lu m e u n d e r th e sa m e co n ditio n s o f p re s
60 0 n w h ic h s c a le s a b s o lu te z e r o is 2 73 an d 4 60
s u re a n d te n ıp e r a tu r e
61 0 n w hic h sca le th e b o ilin g p o h ıt o fw a te r is 3 7 3 16 a ııd
38 A p r o p e r ty o f a s y s te m , th e c h a n ge in w h o s e v a lu e is
6 72
th e a lge br a ic s u m o fth e h e a t s u pp ly a n d th e w o r k d o n e
du r in g a n y c h a ııge in s ta te 6 2 A d e ińce th a t tr a n s fe r s h e a t fr o n ıa b o dy at a lo w er
te ın p e r a tu r e to b o dy a t h ig h e r te m p e r a trır e
39 C h a n ge o fs ta te ta k in g p la ce w ith o u t a n y h e a t tr a iıs fe r a

n a in s 6 3 M ic tio n , tottling, h e a t flo w ix irıg o fdi￡

fe r e n t flu ide
e n e r gy o fth e s y s te ı
m
40 In an i8 o la te d s y s te n ı, th e n re ı ,

c o n s ta ı
ıt
a r e e x a iı
ıp le s o f

41 A th a t ill g iv e tin u o u s w ork w ith o u t 64 In p r o ce s s , sy s te n ıte n d s to a p p r o a c h th e s ta te

m a c h in e w con

fr o m o th e r s y s te m or o f e q u ilibr iu m w ith its s rı r r o u n din g s

r e c e iv in g an y e n e r gy

su r r o u n din g s 6 5 A ll s p o n ta n e o u s p r o ce s s e s are

42 A p r o ce ss in w h ic h th e h e a t tr a n s fe r is e q u a lto c h a n ge
in e n th a lpy

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

A N S W ]E R S
Scanned by CamScanner
 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ï îï$ş $
įj ğ ' ļ

ww
盛 ļ￡
着 书香弗 ł 兹
į
w .Ea
ı 1 syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t
ıł* \ * łl ı

I
I lĮ
d ıı* ıı* i l

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

C S A N D H EA T T R A N S FE R
I* o D Y N A M ı ￡Į Ï I I Ī >ŕ! ı 89

H EAT TR A N SFER

H ea t tr a n s fe r m a y occu r by co n d u c tio n c o n v e c tio n a n d

,

tio n F o r h e a t tr a n s fe r to ta k e p la ce te tu
r a d ia p
, m e ra r e
m u s t e x is t (T h is is
d la w o f a s p e r s e c o n
d iffe r e n c e
d n a m ic s ) C o n d u c t io n h e a t t r a n s fe r t a k e s p la c e b
th e r m o y y
m o le c u
la r e n e r g y in t e r c h a n g e s o r b y n o w o f v a le n c e e le c t r o n s
i m e d iu m C o n v e c tio n h e a t tr a n s fe r t a k e s la c e
in c o n d u c t n g p
t i n o f a flu id If th e c o n v e c tio n is in d u c e d b y d e n s it
by m o o y
li f t
d iffe r e n c e r e s u t n g r o m e m p e r a u r e d i f r e n c e s w it h in th e
t
l
flu id it is k n o w n a s n a u r a c o n v e c tio n H o w e v e r , if flu id
t
,

t i o n i s a i d e d b y a p u m p o r fa n th e n th e p r o c e s s is c a lle d
m o ,

t i R a d ia t io n h e a t t r a n s fe r d o e s n o t d e
/o r c e d c o n u e e o n
pen d
m a t e r i a l m e d iu m b u t t a k e s p la c e b s o f
on a n y y m ￠,a n

l t r o m a g n e t i c w a v e s w h ic h a r e p r o p a g a te d a t a v e lo c it
e e c y
c o m p a r a b e to
l th a t o f lig h t I n a c t u a l p r a c tic e , h e a t t r a n s fe r

pa ra lle l
ww
t a k e s p la c e b y a c o m b in a t io n o f m o d e s o p e r a t in g in s e r ie s o r

In h e a t t r a n s fe r b y co n d u e t io n h e a t flo w d q t h r o u g h

w
,

an a r e a d A in a p la n e n o r m a l t o th e d ir e c t io n o f h e a t tr a n s fe r
in tim e is g iv

dq =
e n

kD A
by

dļ
- h dy dz.Ea dļ
dt

dT
(F
syE
o u r ie r s
dx
la w o fcon du c t io n )

an
here ,

d
dx
k
.

-
Te

th
m

erm
p era

a l
tu

co n
r e gr a d ie n t in p la

d u c t iv it y w h ic h d e p e n d s o n t h e
n e o fh e a t tr a n s fe r

ngi
nee
,

s t a te o f th e su b s t a n c e (s o lid liq u id o r g a s ) a n d , ,

fo r a g iv e n s t a t e it v a r ie s so m e w h a t w it h
te p e r a tu (u it s fk kcavm h °
C )a d

rin
m re n o a re r n

ra te o fh e a t tr a n s fe r
kA( To )
kA A T

g.n
q -

q - f2 fi
二
C
w h e re A . ın e a n s a r e a o f h e a t tr a n s fe r 4 7cr
ľr 2
-
w here, A le n g th fh e t flo w th t h ic k n e ss o fm a t e r ia l

e
x - o a p a o r
H e a t e x c h a ııg e r s T he se co u ld b e o f d ir e c t co n ta c t

d e fin e d
Th

a s
e rm a l d iffu s iv it y , p r o p e r ty o f th e s u b s ta n c e is ty p
ty p

C
e

o n v e c
re ge

t io
n e ra

n h
t iv

e a
e

t tr
o r s

a n s
to ra

fe
g e ty p

r r a te
e ,
re eu p e r a t iv e

t
o r tr a n s fe r

In ca se o f la m in a te d fla t w a ll, s h o w n in F ig 2 1 4
. . _
q °
五 八 邑 且

A (T . Td )
q -
w h e re ĄT - te m p e ra tu re d iffe re n ce b e tw e en m in tr e
& cl
.
C2 +
A x a
in
,

id e tu b e d th e ll fa
a s a n ı
s a n w a su r ce
kr 22 lz 3

In ca se o fh tu b e w a ll, (F ig 2 1 5 ) k
o m o ge n e o u s
ì ı
, f ilm co e f fici en t .
A tc
-

2 7c L K (T To )
q -

lo g

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ū o ￥ x "
% .,

d r
X = l>á s b. .

fım
o f tb e
a n ce
e rm a l r e s is t
b e tb
1 le n t o f t
is e q u iv a

h. A
ro ce ss
k
t t r a n s fe p
r
b e a
p ip e
'
on a cr h
f in su la t io n
d iu s o
(b )
C r it ic a l ra

t o n o f
o tb e r ;
e n ıo (a )
b an
ū u id w it tu r e
er a
t o f tb e du e to te m p
i f o n e p ar d n s it y
m ix e
n g o 1n
ld b y d ift e r e n c e s
t h e flu id c o u

H ww
d im
e a t tr a
e n s
r ıs fe r
io n le
by
s s
con v e c

g r o u p
t io
s
n
l ik
in
e
v o lv e s p lo t
R ey n o ld
t in g
s n
cu r v e

u m
s

b e r

w
u s in g be r
hD p ran d tl n u m

ĺq u'''' N u
N u s se '"

.Ea
. =

N u
d G r a s h o f
a n
(d )
C tL
St an ţ o n u n ıb e r
Sţ į epr
n
p c p
u (c )

syE
c tio n
2 16 N a tu r a ıc o n v e
F ig
in g w a r d s (F ig
ber G fa u p ,
t a l p la t e
n u m
r c
f h o r iz o n
In e a s e o

ngi
w h e re 2 16 (d )) b
a +
ū u s it y
id d e n
p D
flu id v is c o s it y ch a r a c te r is t ic d im e ï ıs io n =
T
p 8
flu id c o n d u e t iv it y 10 5 to 1 0

nee
k p )° 2 5 fo G r p r -

N u = 0 5 4 (G r r r

C flu id s p e c ffic h e a t G p 10 8
b ie a l e x p a n s io n N 0 1 4 (G r p r )° 3 3 fo r r r >

fĮ u id c o e f Ď c ie n t o f cu u

v e lo c it y d t io n

rin
u l ıw u
In fo r c e c o n v e c ,

le r a t io n d u e ţ o g r a v it y
a cce in flo i n p ip e (F ig 2 17 )
g La ) L a m a r u )

D i d in ıe n s io n
c h a r a c t e r is t c k
d fı 3 65

g.n
h h e a t tr a n s e r coefficient
f N u 3 65 a n

e flu id t e m p e r a t u r e d iĦe r e n c e
h o r iz o t a l p ip F ig
I n n a t u r a l c o n v e c t io n fr o m
n e

2 1 6 (a )

N u sse

N
N
u

u
lţ

0 4 7 (P
n u m

0 1 0 (P
ber N

r
G
G
r

r
u

)° 2 5 fo r P r G
)°3 3 fo r P r G
@
r

r >
1 0 5 to 1 0 8
10 8
C

e F ig 2 17
d

t
A p p r o x im te h t t r a i ıs fe ffic ie n t (b ) T u rb u į e n t fĮ o
a e a r co e w o D e r c y ti n ď e r (F ig 2 18)
0 2'
nerally
13
N u o 26 R o 6 p o 3
- e r
h 1 32 . ' ' " 10 4 to 10 9
F o r ga se s : N u = 0 24 R e
o 6

12
h 1 25 eo 33 fo r G r 10 9
to 1 0
w h ere e te m p era tue e n cy ı
r e d if fe r
in d e r a n d flu id
en ce b e tw
d d ia m
f c y lin d e r e te r o

In c a s e o f n a t u r a l c o n v e c t io n ū o n ı a
v e r tic a l
p la t e o r C
c y lin d e r [P ig 2 1 6 (b ) a n d (e ) r e s
p e c t iv e ly ]
N u 0 5 6 (G r p r )0 2 õ fo r P r G r -
1 0 5 to 1 0 9
N U 0 1 2 (G r F r )0 3 3 fo r P
r G r > 109
A p p r o x im a t e ı
y

￠
ı
h F ig
fo r G 1 0 4 to 1 0 9 2 18
ţ D ) r

(C ) T u r b u ı
e n t flo
1eo 33 lio r G w b k
r . 1 0 9 to 1 0 12 o D e r a n s o fp ip e s (p ig 2 19
G e n e r a uy N 0 33 C
u °
h
B e
0 6
p Ī 0 3

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

C
p
= e p e c ific 11 e a t ca p a c ity ,
k = th e r m a l co n d u c tiv ity
in e id e d ia o f tu be
p v ie c o e ity o f flu id , an dD -

ľķ ľ ľ
-

TG

ı in e p ı
n ı pe s

ww S ta g g e re d p ip e s

Fı
g 2 19
F ig 2 2 1 H e a t tra n s fe r b y c o n v e c tio n a n d c o n d u c
th ro u g h a fı a t ho m o ge n e o u s w a ı ı
tio n

w
F o r ga s e s : N u - 0 3 0 C . R e
In lin e p ip e s : C h = 1 0
S ta gg e r e d p ip e s : C n = 1 1
o6

.Ea f'e D
. R e y n o ld s n
m ıı ber

Ld) T u r b u le n t flo u ) o u e r fla t p la te LF ig 2 2 0 )

I启ヒ syE k
.

.
N u sse lt

P r a n d tl n
n u m

u ın
ber ,

ber
L

C
- th e diĤ ta n
i8 tr a n
flu id v e lo c ity
fr o m th e le a din g e d g e
s fe r r e d
ce ov er w

ngi
h ic h h e a t

or
@
丁
k

v
.
F
fC l P D !
p

Lk 司
ı
u

nee
・
-

For a s n ıa ll te m p e r a tu re d iffe r e n ce
or N ı
t - APr ,
R e)
N 0 332R e o6 Pr o 33
u
T h e a b o v e e q u a tio n fo r h . Is a p p lic a b le fo r lo n g itu d ir ıa 1
-

flo w
tu b e s
ou

rin
ts id e o f tu b e a n d c a r n o t b e u s e d fo r n o w n o r m a l to

F o r fee c o n v e c tio n

g.n tr a n s fe r

For a la r g e te ın p e r a tu
F ig 2 2 0

re
L

d iffe r e n ce
w h ere ,
pg p
2 a
le
2
is k n
e
ow n a s G r a s h o ft n u m be r
t
p
°' "

w he re
N u = o 3 3 2 o öp r
o Aa
ĺ) H o t m e d iu m
ıN
, -
p la te te n ıp e r a tu re ,

11= m e an flu id te n ıp e r a tu re C o ld m e d iu m
k ) TlLTbutent flo m in i e O UT
p p H o t m e d iu m
kı
vu O UT
H e a t tr a ııs fe r
c o e ffic ie n t Tı -
d 4C o ld m e d iu m
NU 0 02 4 3 B e o8 o8 bT IN
=
P ro 4 0 02 R fo r g a s e s
In
. e AT A a T' .
B
c a s e o f fo
r c e d c o n v e c tio n h e a t tr a n s fe r

A C o u n te r fı
ow B

here u fı
F ig 2 2 2
, .
u id v e lo c it
y ,

P - d e n s ity
,

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

团
团
H o t m e d iu m
ta n h m L
ıN E f fic ie n c y T1 =
甘
m L 和
T e m p e r a tu re p r o file a lo n g fin
&T
A
T e m p e r a tu re is d is t a n ce x fr o m
H o tm e d iu m
ro o t

CO Sh M (L
C o ld d iu m
m e
t
'.
- t +
.
(t ,
t ) X )
.
'

O UT co sh m L
C o ı
d m e d iu m
\ In ca se f fın
o s o n ir c u la p ip
\N \ A ı a c r e w it h co n B
ta \
t
th ic k n e s s (F ig 2 2 5 ) E ffic i q
AT ; en c y Tı=

A p
- r a ・
a ra ı
ı ın o w
e ı B

H M O H ot M e d iu m O u t C M O C o ld M e d iu m O u t
Thu s N
lţ p r G r ) u

ww
=
,
ın ca se o f h e a t tr a n s fe r b
y con v e c tio n d d u c tio n
(F ig 2 2 1 ) o v e r a ll c o e ffic i
a n con
,
en t ofh t tr a
e a n s fe r

亡w置.E U .

・
1

w h e re
ln
LM TD
ca se o

asy .
fh
L
e a

o n
t

g
e x ch a n

m e a n te
gers , h
m p e r a tu
e a t flo w q
re d ilīe r e n
- u A (L M T D )
ce
c o n s ta n

F ig 2 2 5
t th ic k n e s s

f e r F ig 2 2 2
E -

ngi
In t e r c h a n g e fa c t o r f t a k e s in to a c c o lın ţ th e sh a p e , s ize

nee
a n d 2 2 3 fo r A T d ĄT ] f
A
a n
B
=
(R e fe r P ig 2 2 6 (a ))
e1 + e e e
H e a t tm fe fr
2 l 2
» n g r o n ı fin s
w h e re e is s iv ity
- e m f r a d ia t in
g b o d y (=
l o
Th
,
h tn d e p e n d s o n th e r a t e 1 fo b la c k b o dy)

rin
e e a o w r
o f c o n d u c t io n lo n g is s iv it y
th e fin d th
a E
2
- e m of su rro u n d in g s
a n o n e s u r fa c e h e a t tr
a n s fe r c o e ific ie n t
F in e - e m is s iv it y f in t e r m
o f ta
o e d ia t e ll

g.n
c o n s n t c r o s s s e c t io n it h in
w a
(F ig 2 2 4 )
tu s u la t e d t ip
e l e
2
H e a t Ĥ o w fr fin
o m
q - k A lt t )m ta h L

e
,
. .
n m

t
w h e re , m -
,

L fin le g th
.
n
,

A fin c r o s s s e c t io n a
.
l a r e a ,
P .
p e r im e te r o f fin
,

k . co n d u c t iv it y
(a )
h s u r fa c e h (b )
.
e a t tr a n s fe r c o e ffic ie n t ,
t
.
- A ir t e ıııp e r a tu r e
F ig 2 2 6 (a b)
, ,

t - fin ro o t te m tw (b ) P o r s m ll b o d y e n c lo
, p e ra e a
s e d b
(F ig 2 2 6 (b ))f y a n o th e r b o dy
= e c o n c e n t r ic s h e r

\
ľ p e s a n d c o n c e n t i in fin ite
r c

(c ) F la r g e b o d

1
o r
y (1 ) e n c lo s e d b d
' y b o d y (2 ) a ıı
ph
'" ce n "
. e r e s a n d c o n c e n tr ic in fi i ,

十 ト
ア
上 L 버
, n t e c y lin d e r s
.

f - 2
Ħg 2 2 4 4
ļ (e 1
e
1 + e )
le 2
F in e ffic ie H e a t fı
ow fr o m fin
n c y q =
H tn (d ) F or pa r a lle l d is k f d iffe
e a ow if fu ıa ll a t t.
s o r e n t o r sa m e d ia n ıe te r
F= g
1
e
2
(e ) F or p a r a lle l s u r fa ith in te r m ó
ce s w
e d ia te w a ll (F ig 2 2
If Fiıı h a s c o n ßt a n t cro ss tio n
sec a iıd i8 in la t e d (C )) fo r
d
su a t s id e 1 f, q e
th e e n : =
fo id e 2
e 1 + e
r s : l2 =
ez e
e le e2 + e
Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner
 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

豔 C Aa ıL E= 》
N Gn ı
ı E =E =R ı
N 书
国
M EC HA N ı ı
,n u
― ― ıq
◆电
国
■
O N S
C E Q U ESTı 旷
PLE C H O ı
M U LT ı
in s u la t o r w it h t h e p re»
la t io n b ilit y o f a
a
n
9 T h e in su
M IĹ S it s is r e w o u ld
l c o n d u c t iv ity in
u n
U it f th o fm o is t u
1 n o erm a e n ce
2 (b ) k c a l m /h r n ı
2. C (b ) d e c r e a se
(a ) k c a l/k g m
°
C (a ) in cre a se

(d ) k c a l m lh r C ffe c t e d
°
2. C in u n a
(c ) k c a l/h r m (c ) r e m a
te m
/d e c r e a s e d e p e n d in g o n
(e ) k c a l m /n ı
2 °
C (d ) m a y in cre a se
f l t io n
it s i8 tu d t h ic k n e s s o h ıs u a
l c o n d u c t iv ity in S I u n e ra r e a n
2 U n it o f th e rm a p
f th e bov e
(b ) J /m K (e ) n a
°
2 se c o n e o
(a ) J /m se c
l u is io n it
fe r r e d b y ın o le c u a r
c o
(d ) (a ) a n d (c ) a b o v
,

(c ) W /m
o
K
e
1o w h e n h e a t is tr a i ıs
h e a t tr a n s f e r b y
is r e fe r r e d t o a s
(e ) (b ) a n d (c ) a b o v e
(b ) c o n v e c t io n
f s o lid t a ls ith r is e in te n ı (a ) c o n d u c t io n
T hem l c o n d u c tiv ity o m e w
3 ıa
(d ) s c a t t e r in g
p e ra t u r e n o r m a lly (c ) r a d ia t io n
c t io n a n d r a
d ia t io n
(a ) in cre a se s (b ) d e c r e a s e s (e ) c o n v e

d ga ta k e s p la ce by
in ta n t H t tr a n s fe r in liq u id a n se s
(e ) r e m s co n s 11 e a

ww
a

dep d in g o n te m p (b ) c o n v e c t io n
(d ) m ay in c r e a se or de cre a se en
(a ) c o n d u c tio n
r a tu r e
e
(c ) r a d ia tio n

w
(e ) u p r e d ic t a b le d t io n
n
(d ) c o n d u c t io n a n c o n v e c

d u c t iv it y f e t a llic a m o r ph o u s
d ia t io n

.Ea
l n o n m d
4 T h e rm a co n o
(e ) c o n v e c t io n a n r a

id s
ı ith d e in t e m per a tu re
iıs fe r by
cre a se fh t tr a
fo llo w in g is t h
s o w e a
e c a s e o
12 w h ic h o f t h e
(a ) in cre a s e s (b ) d e c r e a se s
r a d ia t io n ?

(c ) r e n
(d ) m a
ıa in

y in c r
tu r e
s c o n s ta n

e a se o r
t

de
syE
cre a se dep e n d in g o n te m p
(a ) b la s t f u r n a c e
(c ) c o o lin g o fp a r ts in f u r n a c e
b)h e a tin g o f b u ild in g

ngi p la
e ra f
iv d by p e rso n fr o m e c e
(d ) h e a t re c e e a
(e ) u n p r e d ic t a b le
(e ) a ll o f t h e a b ov e
5 H t tr a n s fe r ta k e s p la ce a s per

nee
e a
13 H e a t is c lo se ly r e la t e d w it h
f th dyn ic s
(a ) z e r o th la w o e rm o a m

(a ) liq u id s (b ) e n e r gy
f th e dyn ic
(b ) fir s t la w o rm o a m
tu (d ) e tr o py

rin
f th th e r n dyn ic s (c ) t e n ıp e r a r e n
(c ) s e c o n d la w o e ıo a m

la
(e ) e n th a lp y
(d ) K ir c h o fr 5 w
o n e s id e

g.n
H t flo in g f o m
(e ) S te fa n s la w 14 p ic k p th e
u w r o n g c a se e a w

to o th e r d e p e n ds d ir e c t ly o n
h t is t r a fe d fr o o n e pa r tic le o f hot
6 W n e n e a n s rre m

l n ıo t io n o f t h e h e a t e d p a (a ) fa (b ) t im e

e
ce a re a
b o d y t o a n o th e r b y a c t u a r

t
t ic le s , it is r e fe r r e d t o a s h e a t t r a n s fe r b y (c ) t h ic k n e ss

(a ) c o n d u c t io n (b ) c o n v e c t io n (d ) t e m p e r a t u r e d iffe r e n c e

r (c ) r a
(d ) c o n d u
d ia tio n
c t io

c t io n
n a n

d
d co n v e c

d ia t io
t io n 15 M
(e ) t h
e t a ls
e m

a r e
ıa l co n

go o d
du c

c o n
t iv it y

du c to r s o fh e a t b e ca u se

(e ) c o n v e a n r a n (a ) th e ir a to m s co m d e fr e q u e n tly

7 W n e n h e a t is t r a n s fe r r e d fo r m h o t b o d y t o c o ld b o d y , (b ) th e ir a to m s a re r e la t iv e ly fa r a p a r t
h ıa tr a ig h t lin e , w
s ith o u t a ffe c tin g th e in te r v e n in g (c ) th e y c o n t a in fr e e e le c tr o n s
ıe d iu m , it is r e fe rr e d t o a s h e a t t r a n s fe r b y
n
(d ) th e y h a v e h ig h d e n s it y
(a ) c o n d u c t io n (b ) c o n v e c t io n (e ) a ll o f th e a b o v e
(c ) r a d ia tio n 16 W ħic h o f th e fo llo w in g is a c a s e o f s te a dy s t a te h e a t
(d ) c o n d u c t io n a n d co n v e c t io n tr a n s fe r ?

(e ) c o n v e c t io n a n d r a d ia t io n
(a ) I C e n g in e (b ) a ir p r e h e a te r s

(c ) h e a t in g o f b u ild in g in w in t e r
8 S en s ib le h e a t is t h e heat re q u ir e d t o
(d ) a ll o f t h e a b o v e
(a ) c h a n g e v a pou r in t o liq u id
(e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e
(b ) c h a n g e liq u id in t o v a po u r
17 T o ta l h e a t is t h e h e a t r e q u ir e d t o
(c ) in crea se th e te m p e ra tu re o f a liq u id o r v a p o u r (a ) c h a n g e v a p o u r in t o liq u id
(d ) c o n v e r t w a t e r in t o s te a m a n d su pe rh e a t it (b ) c h a n g e liq u id in t o v a p o u r
tu te d te a in t o d r y s te a m (c ) in c r e a s e t h e t e n ıp e r a tu r e o f a liq u id o r v a pour
(e ) c o n v er t sa ra s m

J
Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner
 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

O \N H IC S A N D H E A T M A N s FE R

\a ) cu u v c ı w a Ĺc ı u Ĺu s te a m d
a n
p e r h e a t it
su
(d ) d ift e r e n t te m p e r a t m e s
(e ) c o n v e r t sa tu r a t e d s te a m in t o d r y s t e a m
(e ) n o n e o f th e a b o v e
C o rk is a g o o d in su la t o r b e ca u s e it h a s
26 T he c o n c e p t o f o v e r a ll c o e fħc ie n t o f h e a t tr a n s fe r is
(a ) fr e e e le c t r o n s
u se d in h e a t tr a i ıs fe r p r o b le ıııs o f
(b ) a t o m s co m d in g fr e q u e n cy
(a ) c o n d u c t io n (b ) c o n v e c t io n

(c ) lo w den s ity
d
(c ) r a d ia tio n (d ) a ll th e th r e e co m b in e

(d ) p o r o u s bo dy
(e ) c o n d u c t io n a n d c o n v e c t io n

(e ) a ll o f th e a bov e
27 In h e a t t r a n s fe r c o n d u c t a n c e ls co n d u c t iv ity
e qu a

Th erm a l co n d u c t iv it y o f w a t e r in g e n l (k c a u h r /s q m /° C /c n ı) d iv id e d b y
e ra w ith r is e
in te n ıp e r a tu r e
(a ) h r (tim e ) (b ) s q m (a r e a )
(a ) in cre a se s (b ) d e c r e a se s (c ) C (t e m p e r a tu
°
re ) (d ) c ıiı (th ic k n e s s )
(c ) r e m a in s co n s ta n t (e ) k c a l (h e a t )
(d ) ın a y in cre a se de d e p e n d in g th r o bo dy by du
gh
o r cre a se
o n te m 28 Th e a m o u n t o fh e a t n o w u a co n c

pera h ır e

ww
t io n is
(e ) n on e o f th e a bov e (a ) d ir e c t ly p r o p o r tio n a l t o th e s u r fa ce a r e a o f th e

T h e rm a l c o n d u c t iv it y fw te r t 2 0 ° C is bo dy
o a a o f th e o r de r
o f

(a ) 0 1
(c ) 0 4 2
(e ) 0 6 4
w .Ea (b ) 0 2 3
(d ) 0 5 1
(b ) d ir e c tly
d iffe r e n

(c ) d e p e n d e n t
(d ) in v e rse
ce o n
p r o p o r tio

u
t h e tw

ly p r o p o r tio n
po n th
n a

e m
o

a
l
fa

l to th
te
to
ce s o

r
f th
ia l o f t h
e
th e

th ic k n
body
e
te m

b o dy

e ss
p e ra

o
tu

f th
re

T
su re
e m p e r a tu
d by
re o f s te a m a t
syE a r o u n d 54 0 C ca n be ıi ıe a
bo dy

(e ) a ll o f th e a bov e

ngi
29 W D ic h o f th e fo llo w in g h a s le a s t v a lu e o f co n du ti
(a ) th e r m o m e te r (b ) r a d ia tio n p jiT o n ıe te r
c

v it y ?
(c ) t h e r m is t o r (d ) t h e r m o co u p le
(a ) g la ss (b ) w a te r
(e ) th e r m
T h e rm
k c a l/m
a

l
l
o

co n
°
p ile

C is
du c t iv it y
f th
o f
der
a ir a

f
t r o o n ıte m p e r a tu re in
nee (c ) p la
(e ) a ir
s t ic (d ) r u b b e r

rin
o e o r o
30 W ħic h o f th e fo llo w in g is e x p e c te d to h a v e M gh e s t
(a ) 0 0 0 2 (b ) 0 0 2
th e rm a l c on du c t iv it y ?
(e ) 0 0 1 (d ) 0 1
(e ) 0 5
T h e t im f th p le is
(a ) s t e
(c ) m e
a m

lt in g ic e
g.n (b ) s o lid ic e
(d ) w a te r

e
e c o n s ta n t o a erm o co u
(e ) b o ilin g w a te r
(a ) th e tim
be
(b ) th e t im
m e a su

in it ia l t e m p e
e

e
ta k e n t o
re d

ta k
r a
e n

tu
to
a

re
tt a in th

difrence
tt a in
e fin

50%
a l te m p

o f th e
e r a

v a
tu

lu
re

e
to

o f
31 T h
sa m
e r n ıa

p le t o
(a ) c o n ıp o s it io n
(c ) p o r o s it y
l c o n

s a n ıp
du c t iv it y
le b e c a u
o

se o
f g la
fv
(b ) d e n s ity
(d ) s tr u c t u
s s

a r
w o o l v a
ia tio n in

re
t r ie s fr o n ı

(c ) th e t im e ta k e n to a tt a in 63 2% o f th e v a lu e o f
in itia l t e tu re d ifk re n ce
(e ) a ll o f th e a bov e
m p e r a

32 T hem ıa l du c t iv it y f t e r ia l
ta k e n h 100 C y b e d e fin
°
(d ) d e t e r m h ıe d b y th e t im e to re a c co n o a m a m a e d
a s th e
fr o n ıO
°
C
(e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e
(a ) q u a n t it y o fh e a t flo w in g in o n e s e co n d th ro u gh
3 f
1 cm o ın a t e r ia l w h e n o pp o s it e fa c e s a re
The rm a l c o n d u c t iv it y o f a ir w ith r is e in t e m pera tu r e
m a in t a in e d a t a te m pe ra tu re d iffe re n ce o f 1 °C
(a ) in cre a se s (b ) d e c r e a se s
(b ) q u a n tit y f h e a t flo w in g in o ııe s e c o n d t h r o u g h a
o
(c ) r e m a in s c o n s ta n t s la b o f th e m a t e r ia l o f a r e a 1 c m
2
,
t h ic lu ıe s s 1 c n ı
(d ) n de dep d in g t e n ıp h it s fa c e s d iffe r in t e m p e r a t u r e b y 1 ° C
y in c r e
ıa a óe or cre a se e n o n w e n

e r a tu r e (c ) h e a t co n du c t e d in u n it tim e a cro s s u n it a re a

(e ) n on e o f th e a bov e th r o u gh u n it t h ic k n e ss w h e n a te m p tu r e
e r a

d iffe r e n ce o f u n ity is ın a in t a in e d b e tw e e n
H e a t n o w s fr o m on e b o d y to o th er w h e n th e y h a v e
o pp o s it e fa ce s
(a ) d i f r e n t h e a t co n t e n ts
(d ) a ll o f t h e a bov e
(b ) d ifk re n t s p e c ific h ea t
(e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e
(c ) d iffe r e n t a to m ic s tr u c tu r e

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

co
.N a
d w a
te
n ı
ba s a o f in u
electnc fu r n a c e 2 ), o 1 5 m
42 A n
lu e o f th e r 7 C an « °

iJ ıg h a s m a x im u n ıv a ll a r e 1 0 2 fw a
e İ ó 11o t»
era tu res o
2 ° C If
w n a l m /h r
ch ol
d o u te f te p
m m
? a re kc
l conductwı
ty Iï ın e f a ï ı U it s ofk f r a te
l n 2 h e a t tr a n s e r
(b ) s t e e l
a
e c t iv e y
s 1 2 m
,
27 c re sp
°

n iu ın l l i ,

o f th e
a
a ] a lu m
w
(d ) c o p p e r e are a
s u r fa c
(c ) b r a s s av hr
(b ) 1 0 0 k c
r
(a ) 1 0 k c
v l 0 kca vh r
tio n b y pou (d ) 1 0 , 0 0
v a a
in to in s u la
M o is h u e w o u l
d fin d its w a y keavł
34 te d b y (e ) 1 o o o
u n le s s
it is p r e v e n
pr e s su r e
la t io n fw o o d de pe n ds o n
s o f in s u it
l c o n d u c t iv y
o
(a ) h ig h tb ic l￡n e s 43 Tb e r n ıa
re s su r e bov
(b ) h ig h v a p o u r p (d ) a ll o f t
h e a e
i s u la t o r
l c o n d u c t iv ity n tu r e
(c ) le s s th e r m a (c ) t e m p era

(d ) a p o u r se a l h o t flu e g a s e s to
v a
f r fr o m
h e a t t r a ï ıs e
e c tio n r b u le n t , a
f r
o f tr a n s e , 44 In co n v
h flo w m a y b e tu
ll t b r e e m o d e s b e e v e n th o u g

ww
H e a t is tr a n ó fe r r e
d by a
36 w a t e r tu ,

a n d r a d ia
t io n m
v e c t io n film
u ız c o n d u e
tio n , g h t h is
c o n
n den ser t tr a n s fe r th ro u
b) s
( t e a m c o
tu b e T h e h e a
(a ) e le c tr ic h e a t e r c lo s e to th e

w p la
by
(c ) m e lt in g o f ie e ta k e s ce

den ser co ils (b ) r a d ia t io n

(d ) r e ħig e r a t o r co n
(a ) c o n v e c t io n

36
(e ) b o ile r
A c c o r d ir ıg t o p r e v o s
(a ) it is im p o s s ib le
t th e o r y o f h e a e x
to t r a n s fe r
t
h e .Ea
ch a n ge

a t f o m
lo w
(e ) c o n d u e t io n
i n an d
(d ) b o t h c o n v e c t o
b ve
eo n d u c t io n

te m p e r a t u r e s o u r c e o
(b ) h e a t t r a n s fe r b y r a a
b
(c ) a ll o d ie s a b o v e a b
t M g h te m p e r a
d i tio n r e q u ir e s
s o lu t e z e r o e n ı
n
tu

o
r

m
e

syE
e
s

it r a d ia tio n
o

d
u

iu
r

m
ce

45
(e ) n o n e o f t h e a o
F ilm

(a )
co e ffic ie n t is d e fu
In s id e d ia m e te r o
ıe d
f tu b e
a s

ngi
film
f th e c a s t a k e s p la c e b y E q u iv a le n ţ th ie l￡n e s s o f
(d ) h e a t tr a i ıe fe r in m o s t o
e s
an d
c o m b in a t io n of con d u c t io n ,
c o n v e c tio n T h e m a a l condu ctity
(b )
đia tio n iv a le n t t h ic k Ľ le s s o f film

nee
ra E qu
th e r m a l
(e ) r a te f h e a t t r a n s fe r d e p e n d s o n
o V is c o c it y
d i ff S p e c ifi c h e a t ×
e o n d u e tiv ity a n d t e m p e r a
t u r e e r e n c e
(e ) o r

ll o f s a m e T h e r m a l c o n d u c t iv it y
37 T h e r a t io o f h e a t flo w Q ,/Q 2 fr o m t w o w a s
M o le c u la r d if Eu s iv it y o f m

rin
t iv it ie s a s o m e n tm
i
th ic k n e s s h a v n g t h e ir t h e r m a l e o n d u c

K . 2 K w ill b e T h e rm a l d if Fu s iv it y
1 2

g.n
F iĻ m eoefficient × In s id e d ia m e te r

(d ) 0 2 5 (d )
(e ) 2 Th erm al co n du c t iv it y
(e ) 4 (e ) n f th bov

e
on e o e a e
38 H ea t tr a n s fe r b y ra d ia tio n m in ly đe p e n d s u p o n
a
it th ic k fa

t
46 H e a t d u c t e d t h r o u g h u n it a r e a a n d
co n u n ce
a ) it s te m p e r a tu r e ( ) n a tu r e o f t h e b o d y
b
p e r u n it t im e w h e n t e m p e r a t u r e d iffe r e n ce b e tw e en
(c ) k in d a n d e x te n t o f iţ s s u r fa c e o p p o s it e fa c e s is u n it y is c a lle d
,
d ) a u o f th e a b o v e (e ) n o n e of th e a bov e
(a ) th e r m a l r e s is t a n c e (b ) t h e r m a l co e fEic ie n t
39 T h e rm a l d iffu s iv ity i8
(e ) t e m p e r a t u r e g r a d ie n t (d ) t h e r m a l co n du c t iv ity
(o ) a d im e n s io īıle s s p a r a m e t e r
(e ) h e a t t r a n s fe r
b ) fu n c t io n o f te m p e r a t u r e
c ) u e e d a 8 rı ıa th e m a t ic a l m o d e l
47 I n th e h e a t fı
ow e q u a tio n Q =
\ 1 T2 )
th e te r m
d ) a p h y s ic a l p r o p e r t o f th e ,
y ın a t e r ia l X
B e fu l in c a s e o f h e a t tr
a n s fe r b y r a d ia tio n
is 】
至n ow n a s
e rı n a l fu s iv ity o f a s u b s t a }IA
n c e is
p r o p o r tio n a l o f th e r m a l c o n d u c t i i (a ) th e r m a l r e s is t a n c e
v ty (k ) (b ) t h e r n ıa l co e ffic ie n t
n v e r s e ly p r o o r tio n l (c ) t e m p e r a t u r e g r a d ie n t (d ) t h
p a to k
er m a l co n d u c t iv ity
P r o p o r tio n a l to (k )2 (e ) h e a t t r a n s fe r
m v e r se ly p r o p o r tio n a l to 1 2
n on e o f th e a bov e 48 In th e h e a t flo w
e qu a t io n Q =
th e te r Æ
o f th e r m a l đifr u s iv ity is ,
X
Ær t1 t2
(b ) m 2/
hr° C is kn ow n
2 a s
m br (d ) k c a y m B r ・ C
(a ) t h e r n ıa l r e s is t
a n ce (b ) t h e m ıa l co e ffic ie n t
(c ) t e m p e r a t u r e
g r a d ie n t (d ) t h e r m a l du ct v l
(e ) h e a t t r a n s f co n
e r

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

C S A N D H EAT TRA N SFER

!R M O D Y N A M ı
97

49 Th e ra te o f en e r gy em is s io n fr o m it
u n s u r fa c e a r e a (a ) G h o fF n b ıe r (b ) N u sse lt n u m ber
ra s u m
th r o u gh u n it so lid a n g le a lo n g a n o rm a l t o th e
, su r (c ) W e ber n u m be r (d ) P ra n d tl n u m be r
fa ce ,
is k n ow n a s
(e ) R e y n o ld n u m b e r
(a ) e m is s iv ity (b ) t r a n sm is s iv ity
56 L M T D in c a s e o f c o u n te r fı o w h e a t e x c h a n ge r a s co m
(c ) r e fle c t iv it y (d ) in te n s ity o f r a d ia tio n
p a r e d t o p a r a lle l flo w h e a t e x c h a n g e r is
(e ) a b s o r p t iv it y
(a ) h ig h e r (b ) lo w e r
50 E m is s iv ity o f a w h it e p o lis h e d b o d in
y com p a r is o n (c ) s a m e
to a b la c k b o d y is
(d ) d e p e n d s o n th e a re a o fh ea t ex c ha n ge r
(a ) h ig h e r (b ) lo w er
(e ) d e p e n d s o n t e m p e r a t u r e c o n d it io n s
(c ) s a m e
57 In h e a t e x c h a n g e r s , d e g r e e o f a p p r o a c h is d e fin e d a s
(d ) d e p e n d s u p o n th e sh a p e o fbo dy
th e d iffe r e n c e b e t w e e n t e m p e r a tu r e s o f
(e ) n on e o f th e a bov e
(a ) c o ld w a t e r in le t a n d o u t le t
5 ı A g r e y b o d y is o n e w h o s e a b s o r p t iv ity (b ) H o t m e d iu m in le t a n d o u t le t
(a ) v a r ie s w it h t e n ıp e r a tu r e (c ) h o t m e d iu m o u tle t a n d co ld w a te r in le t
(b ) v a r ie s w it h w a v e le n g th o f th e in c id e n t ra y (d ) h o t m e d iu m o u u e t a n d co ld w a te r o u t le t

(d ) d o
o f th ww
(c ) is e q u a l t o it s e m is s iv it y
es n o

e in
t v a ry w

c id e n t ra
it h t e
y
m p era tu re a n d w a v e le n g th 58
(e ) n
In
o n e o

c o u n te r

(a ) b o th th e n
f th e
n ow

u
a bo v
heat
e

h a n ge rs
e x c

id s a t n e t (o f h e a t e x c h a n g e r
i l w h e re

52
(e ) n
E c k e r Łn

(a )
on e o

w u m
f th e

(S p e c ific h e a t a t
b e r is

(V e
a bov

lo c ity
e x
e

pr

o
e sse

f flu id )
.Ea
d by

t p
2
hot n
(b ) b a t h t h e n
(c ) b o t h t h e n
(d ) o n
u id en

flu id is in h o tt e s t
e
u

u
t e r s ) a r e in th e ir c o ld e s t s t a t e
id s
id s
a

a
t in le t a
t ex it a re

s
re

t a te
in th e ir h o t t e s t
in th e ir h o
a n d o th
t te s t s t a te
er in co
s t a te

ld e s t

syE
c o n s ta n re ssu re
s t a t e a t in le t
x te m p e r a tu r e )
(e ) a n y co m b in a tio n is p o ss ib le d e p e n d in g on d e s ig n
(S p e c ific h e a t a t con s ta n t p re ssu re
o fhea t ex c ha n ger
C is c o c ity )

ngi
x o e ffic ie n t o f v
(b ) 59 A st e a m p ip e is t o b e in s u la t e d b y tw o in s u la t in g
T he rm a l c o n d u c t iv ity
m at e r ia ls p u t o v e r e a c h o th e r F o r b e s t r e s u lt s
(C o e Ħic ie n t o f h e a t t r a n s fe r

nee
(a ) b e t t e r in s u la tio n s h o u ld b e p u t o v e r p ip e a n d
x L in e a r d im e n s io n )
(c ) b e 忱e r o n e ov e r it
Th erm a l co n du c t iv it y la tio n ho ld b e p t o v e r p ip e d
(b ) in fe r io r in su s u u a n

(d )
D e n s

C
it y
o e
x V
ffic ie n t
e lo c ity
o f a
× L in
b s o lu t e
e a r

v
d im en

is c o s ity
s io n b e tt e r o n e
(c ) b o t h m a y be p
rin
o v e r it

u t in a n y or der

g.n
(d ) w h e t h e r to p u t in fe r io r o n ov e r p ip e o r th e b e tt e r
(e ) n on e o f th e a bo v e
o n e w o u ld d e p e n d o n s te a n ı te m p e ra tu re
53 T w o b a lls o f sa m d fin is h h a v e t h e ir
e m a t e r ia l a n
(e ) u n p r e d ic t a b le
b o th a ıe h e a t e d t o

e
i
d ia m e t e r s in t h e r a t o o f 2 : 1 a n d
60 N u sse lt b e r is pre ssed hy

t
n u m e x
s a m e te m p e r a tu r e a n d a llo w e d t o c o o l b y r a d ia t io n
In s id e d ia te r f tu b e
p a r e d to s m a lle r o
ll m e
R a t e o f c o o lin g yb b i g b a a s c o m
(a )
h
o n e w ill b e in t e r a t io o f E q u iv a le n t th ic k n ess o f film

(a ) 1 : 1 (b ) 2 : 1 T h e rm a l c o n d u c t iv ity
1 (b )
(e ) 1 : 2 (d ) 4 : E q u iv a le n t th ic k n e s s o f tilm
(e ) 1 : 4 S p e c ific h e a t × V is c o c ity
d by (c ) or
54 G r a sh o fT n u m b e r is ex p re s se Th erm a l c o n d u c tiv it y
In s id e d ia iııe te r o f tu b e M o le c u la d ifFu s iv ity o f m o m
r en tu ın .
(a )
E q u iv a le n t t h ic k n e s s o f film T h e r m a l d ifï u s iv ity
T h e m ıa l c o n d u c t iv ity C o e ffic ie n t o f h e a t tr a n s fe r x In s id e d ia n ıe te r
(b ) (d )
E u iv a le n t th ic k n e s s o f film
q T herm a l c o n d u c tiv ity

S p e c ific h e a t × v is c o c ity (e ) n on e o f th e a bov e

o r
(e ) fh e a t d u c tio n is lid fo
T h e rm a lco n d u c tiv ity 61 F o u r ie r s la w o co n v a r

it y fm tu (a ) o n e d im e n s io n a l c a s e s o n ly
M o le c u la r d ifM s iv o om en n ı

Æ e rm a l d iffu s iv ity (b ) tw o d im e n s io n a l c a s e s o n ly
F ilm ffic ie n t × In s id e d ia m e te r (c ) t h r e e d im e n s io n a l c a s e s o n ly
co e
ifo te m p
(d )
l c o n d u c t iv ity (d ) r e g u la r s u r fa c e s h a v in g n on u n rm
Then ııa
e r a tu r e gra d ie n t s
In er tia fo rc e x B u o y a n t fo rce
(e ) (e ) ir r e g u la r s u r fa c e s
fo r c e v is c o u s

55 A n o n d im e n s io n a l n u m b e r g e n e r a lly a s s o c ia te d w ith
f i
n a t u r a l c o n v e c t io n h e a t tr a n s e r s

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

一
W 一
tX Vi or
S pŅ Ę be a 一
一
d iĮ n »
f l' /
一
"

to fo u r
th p ow e
r o
M o le c u la r ifl\ıs iv it y
tio n a l T be m aald
t is p r o p o r e te r 一
ıt b e a
I s id e d i
am
a dia ı
te rııp e f
a tu f e
F ilın c o e f
fic ie n tx n

d u c tiv ity
一
de p e n d s o fo r
n t
n s ta 1ı
(b ) e m is s iv e p o w
ef

an d a
it
b s o r p tiv y
a r e co m e rm a
l eon
一
em is e iv e p o w er
is f fen ee
in ea se o f c o u n te r 一
tu r e d if e
ow er
to b s o r p tiv e p pera 一
iv e p o w e r
a
L og m e a iı
te m
l flo w w ill b e
e ın is s
(d ) r a tio of 72 a r a lle
a re d o p
t
tiv e p ow er
fo r flo w co m p (b ) n ıo r e 一
a bs o r p
w e r to
r a tio o
f e m is s iv e p o
is e q u a l to
th e e m is s
iv e
(a ) s a m e 一
m e a iıd
a ll b o
d ie s is s a 一
tl b la c k
b o dy
th e r fa c t o
rs
a p e r fe c y
ow er of ds on o
p (d ) d e p e n
d t M g her
(b ) r e fr a c te id e a l r e Ðe e t o r
a

(a ) r e n e c te d
(c ) tr a n s m itte
t
(e ) p a r yl r e fle
d
c te d ww
an d par y
tl a b s o r b e d
th e r a tio o f e
(d ) a b s o r b e

n is s iv e
ı
d
73 T h e e n e r gy
te m p e r a t u r

(a ) s h o r te r w a
e s i
disb u tio n o f a n

v e le n g t
l in th e r a n g
s la r g e y
h
e of

。
i4 A c c o r din g to
p ow
em

(a )
t o a b s o r p t iv ity
er

is s iv e p o w
gr e y b o dy
w
K ir c b o fr 5 la w ,
fo r a ll b o d ie s
er o fa

d
o lis h e d b o y
is e q u a l t o th e

.Ea (
(b ) lo n g e r w a v
(c ) r e m a in s s a l
e le n g th

d ) w a v e le n g th h a
ae a ţ al
l w a v e le n g th s
s n o t h in g
t o d o v ń th it
。
一
・

(b ) b r illia n t w h i e p

syE
t
a r e d t o b la c k
f o lis h e d s ilv e r c o p
m
(d ) bl a ck bo dy
(c ) r e d h o t b o d y 74 T o ta l e m is s iv ity o p
一
ıe a b o v e b o d y is
(e ) n o n e o f tı is
fb e a t tr a n s fe r (b ) łıig h e r 一
f e r a ll c o e f[ic ie n t o
65 Æ e co n cep t o o v

u s e d in c a s e o

c o n d u e tio n
f h e a t t r a n s fe r b y
b c o n v e c tio n () ngi
(a ) s a m e
(c ) m o r e o r le s s s a n ıe
v ery m u ch M ghe r
(d ) v e r y ın u e h lo w e r 一
一
(c ) r a dia tio n
(d ) c o n d u c tio n
(e ) e o ııv e c tio n
an

an
d
d
c o n v e c tio n

ra dia tio n
75 A ccor d in

nee
g t o S te fa n B o ltz m n n n la w ,
e m it r a d ia n t e n e r g y a

(a ) a b s o ı
ţ a r a te p
u te t e m p e r a t u r e
r o p o r
id e a l r a d ia to r s
tio n a l to
一
一
一
66 T be n
1】

(a ) k c a v m
it o f o v
z
e r a ll c o e ffic ie n t o f h e a t tr a n
(b ) k c a M br C
°
s fe r is
(b ) s q u e o f te m p e r a t u r e
a r

(c ) fo u r th p o w e r o f a b s o lu te t e ın p e r a tu rin re
一
。

g.n
(c ) k c a v m
a W C (d ) k c a v m C °

a (d ) fo u r th p o w e r o f te n ıp e r a tu r e 一
(e ) k c a v m bť C
AT 4 is k n (e ) c u b e o f a b s o lu te t e m p e r a t1ır e
67 T h e h e a t tr a n s fe r e q u a tio n Q = o ow n a s
t in 。
f t h e fo llo v ń n g p r o p e r ty

e f ir d o e s
76 W h ic h o o a n o
(a ) F o u r ie r e q u a tio n (b ) L a p la c e s equ a tio n

68
(c ) P o is s o n e q u a tio n
(d ) g e n e r a l lıe a t tr a n s fe r e q u a tio n

J o u le
S te fa ıı B o ltz m
sec is th e u n
an n

it o f
e qu a tio n
cre a se w

(a ) th e r m
(c ) d e n s ity
ith r is e h ı te m p e r a t u r e

(e ) k in e ın a tic
a l c o n d u c tiv it y

v is c o s it y
(b ) th e r m a l d ifEu s iv it y
(d ) d y n a m ic v is c o s ity t 。

、
(a ) u n iv e r s a l g a s c o n s t a ııt 77 T he u i ıit o f S t e fa n B o lt z m a n n c o n s ta n t is
(b ) k in e ıııa tic v iB c o s ity (a ) w a tt/c m 2 K °
(b ) w a tt/c m 4 °
K -
th e r ın a l c o n d u c tiv ity (c ) w a ttlc n ız K ° 4
(d ) w a t t/c m 2 o
K 4 一
(d ) P la n c k s c o n s ta n t (e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e (e ) w a tt/c m 2 K ° ? ˜
69 T he v a lu e o f ĺ r an d tl n u rı
ıber fo r a ir is a bou t 78 In fr e e c o n v e c t io n h e a t t r a n s fe r N is 一
u s s e lt m ıın b e r
(a ) 0 1 。
,
(b ) 0 3 fu n c tio n o f
(c ) 0 7 (d ) 1 7 (c 【) G r a s h o fF n o d R e y i ıo ld n o 、
An
(b ) G r a s h o ff n o An d P r a i ıd t l n o 、
70 T he f th e w
v a lu e o a v e le n g th fo r m a x irııu ın e m (c ) P r a n d tl n o A n d R
is s iv e eyn oı d n o
-
p ow is B iv e n b y
er
(d ) G r a s h o ff n o ţ r a d
n tl n o d R ld
。
(a ) W ie n B la w (b ) P la n c k s la w (e ) n o n e o f t h e a b o v
, A n e yn o n o
e 、
(c ) S t e fa n 8 la w '
(d ) F o u r ie ť s la w 79 S t e fa J ı B o lt z m a n n 。
(e ) K ir c h h o æs la w la w is
fe r b y
a p p lic a b le fo r h e a t t r a iı
P r a n d tl m \m b e r i81 e x p r e s s e d b y
。
(a ) c o n d u c tio n
In s id e d ia m le te r o f tu be
。
) (b ) c o n v e c t io n
a
E q u iv a le n t thic k n
。
e s s o f fı
ln ı (c ) r a d ia tio n
(d ) c o n d u c tio n
。
(e ) c o n v e c tio ı1
an d ra d ia t io n c o m b
in e d 、
an d r a d ia t io r ı c o
m b in e d
、
、
Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner
 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

g to W ie n s la w , th e w a v e le n g tıc (
c c o r d in
'
ai ai v e8 fo ga ee e are Be n era lly 88 A res

ore th a n th o
e fo r 1 q u d e in g ţ o m a x im u m e n e r g y is p r o p o r tio n to
(b ) e E th a n ;h o se İb ı liq u id e (a ) a b s o lu t e te m p e r a tu r e m
(c ) m o r e th a iıth o e e fo r s o lid s (b ) P (c ) 7 e
(d ) d e p e n d e n t o n th e v ie c o e ity (d ) T 4 (e ) U T
(e ) a a m e a s fo r th e liq u id e 89 D e p e n d in g o n th e r a d ia tin g p r o p e r tie s , a bo dy w ill

81 T h e th e r m a l d i￡fu s iv itie e fo r s o lid s a r e era lly b e w h ite w h e n

ge n
(a ) p - O , T - O a n d a - 1 (b ) p - 1 , T = O an d a O
(a ) le e s th a n th o s e fo r g a s e s
=

(c ) p O, l d a O (d ) T O, a + p 1
(b ) le s s th a n th o s e fo r liq u id s
-
- t = an = =

(c ) m o r e th a i ıth o 8 e fo r liq u id e a n d g a s e s (e ) a = O, t + p - 1
he re b s o r p tiv ity , p re fle e tiv ity ,
(d ) m o r e o r le s s s a m e a s fo r liq u id s a n d g a s e s w ,
oc - a -

(e ) z e r o T = tr a n s m is s iv ity

82 T h e r ın l d iffu s iv ity is 90 D e p e n d in g o n th e r a d ia tin g p r o p e r tie s , a b o dy w ill

a ex p r e s s e d b y th e r e la tio n
b e b la c k w h e n
(a ) (b ) (a ) p - O , T = O a n d o 1 = 1 (b ) p - 1 , T = O an d a = O
PC p k
l d O (d ) T O, 1
(c ) p - O, t = an a = = a + p -

(c ) (d ) (e ) a 0, t + p - 1

ww
=

C k w here , a - a b s o r p tiv ity , p - re fle c tiv ity ,

p

T = tr a n sm is s iv ity
(e )

w here ,k

d
pc

wP

C
p
-

-
th e r m a l c o n d u c tiv ity
d e n s ity , p - d y n
S p e c ific h e a t a t .Ea ic v
an ı

c o n s ta n
is c o s ity
t pre ssu
9l D
be
e

(a ) p
(e ) p
p e n d in g
o p a qu e w

-
O,
O,
T

T
=
on

・
hen
O
l
th e

an

an
d
ra

d
a

a
d ia tin g p r o p e r tie s ,

=
1 (b ) p
O (d ) T =
- 1,
O, a
t =

+
O
p
a

an

-
b o dy

1
d a =
w

O
ill

syE
an - re
p
83 T herm l d iffu s iv ity o f a s u b s t a n c e is
a
(e ) a = O, t + p - 1
h e re , a a b s o r p tiv ity , p re fı
e e t iv ity ,
(a ) d ir e c tly p r o p o r tio n a l t o th e m ıa l c o n d u e tiv ity w = -

ngi
tr a n s m is s iv it y
(b ) in v e r s e ly p r o p o r tio n a l t o d e n s ity o f s u b s t a n c e T =

(c ) in v e r s e ly p r o p o r tio n a l to s p e c ific h e a t 2
t a t
z
az t
92 T ł
ıe h t tr a n s te r e q u a t i o n + U 1s

nee
+
(d ) a ll o f th e bov -
e ea
a
ĥ Ë Ë
(e ) n on e o f th e a bov e
kn ow n a s
84 If tw o s u r fa c e s o f a r e a A d is t a n c e L a p a r t, o f a m a t e
(a ) L a p la c e s e q u a tio n

rin
'

i k a r e a t te m p e r a
r ia l h a v in g th e r m a l c o n d u c tiv ty
h h fl a t e th r o u g h it w ill b e
(b ) S te fa n B o ltz m a n n e q u a tio n
ţ u r e s t a n d t2 , t e n
ı
e a t o w r

ta ) コ
从
L
ぴı 石)
2
ツ ノ
肊
A
ニ W 1 。
2
(c ) F o u r ie r e q u a tio n
(d ) P o is s o n s e q u a t io n '

g.n
(e ) g e n e r a l e q u a tio n o f h e a t t r a n s fe r

(e )
A L
A
(t 1
" /

t2 )
kA
" 93
e
If t h e in n e r a n d o u t e r s u e e s o f a h o llo w c y lin d e r
(h a v in g r a d ii ' 1 a n d ' 2 a n d le n g th L ) a r e a t te ın p e r a
ţ u r e s t 1 a n d t2 th e n r a t e o f r a d ia l h e a t flo w w ill b e t
b
T h e r a t io o f th e e m is s iv e p o w e r a n d a s o r p
tiv e p o w e r
2n 乙 2n L k
86 lo g
l t t h e m is s iv e
lo g
o f a ll b o d ie s is th e s a m e a
n d is e q u a o e
72 fi

l b la c k b o d y T h is s t a e m e n t is
p o w e r o f a p e r fe c t y
t

(e ) 2 (d ) \
Tl f2 T1 f2
kn ow n a s
k L
(b ) S te fa n s la w lo g
'

(a ) K r ie h o fr s la w lo g
fi fï
(d ) P la n c k s la w
'

(e ) W ie n la w '

tı l2
(e ) B la c k b o d y la w (e ) 2 7t L K
86 A c c o r d in g t o S te fa r ı s la w ,
'
t h e t o t a l r a d ia t io n fr o n ıa l2
lo g
i
u n it a r e a is p r o p o r t o n a
l
b la c k b o d y p e r s e c o n d p e r
to l d u c t iv it ie s in
a iıd c o n
m
94 T w o p la n e s la b s o f e q u a a r e a s
(a ) a b s o lu t e t e m p e r a tu re
th e r d te m p e r a t u r e in
th e r a t io 1 : 2 a r e h e ld t o g e an

(b ) P (e ) 7 o ds t a n d t2 If ju n c tio n te ııı
b e tw een s u r fa c e e n are
1
(d ) T + (e ) U T in b e t w tw o s u r fa c e s is a e s ir e d to b e
p e r a tu re een

A ccor d in g t o p la n c k 5
'
la w ,
th e w a v e le ng th c o r r e
e r g y is p r o p o r t io n a ıto t h e n th e ir th ic 】 sse s sh o u ld b e in tìıe ra tio
in g t o th e n ıa x im u m en u ıe
,
2
8o u te t e m p e a tu r e (1 1
f
(c ) W o

e) U T

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

§
ş'Ķ ;
Ë

(b ) 2 : 1
(a ) 1 2
(d ) 3 1
(c ) 1 : 1
lls o f th ic k
lle l w a
t e th ro u gh p a ra
s A A ,
T h e h e a t fı
o w ra

d L a n d havig s u r fa c e
a re a p

n e sa L . L , a n . ,

d la s t w a lls Xtai . E d a t t e iıı

t iv e ly a n d fir s t a n t
t1 ï ıd t2 w i
ll b e
e r a tu r e s
a
p tl t2
t1 h
ta )
ズ吐 下丰玎 币百
'

A
'
' ，
k
， ，
十
丽 A a ち T h ic k n e ss

te m p e r a t u r e
w ith in c r e a s e in
(a ) in c r e a s e s i t e m p e r a tu r e
'"

箐 豈十
土竺 ユ 十
礼 飞
三 '
ユ
鳥 。 w it h in c r e a s e n
・ k1 (b ) d e c r e a s e s
L1 la r g e
(c ) is v e ry
tu re s
t1 ll t h te m p e ra

ww
ta n t at a e
(d ) is co n s

f th e a bo v e
+
L ah
(e ) n o n e o
b le w h e n th e r
L 1k l h v bov B w ill b e a p p lic a
cu rv e
f a h o llo w s p h e r e a In F ig A e
lls ,
t r ia l

w
o
If t h e in n e r a n d o u t e r
w a
o f th e m a e
d in n e r a n d o u te r m a lco n d u c t iv ity
A a n d A 2, a n
in g s u r fa c e a r e a s o f 1 it h in c r e a s in e p
e t m e r a tu r e

.Ea
t r e s t
d r 2 a r e m a in t a in e a
d t t e ıııp e r a u 1 (a ) in c r e a s e s w
r a d ii 1 a n p e r a tu r e
=:th
i t e m
ral'Orh
, a t fl. w
, n
w ill b . (b ) d e c r e a s e s w
ith in c r e a s e n
k tl t2 (c ) is v e r y la r g e

syE
t, tz
(a » k m 72 fi
("
f\ l2 (d ) is c o n s t a n t a t a
ll th e t e m p e r a t u r e s

(e ) n o n e o f t h e a b o v e
th e r
(d ) 4 n k r / ill b e a p p lic a b le w h e n
(c ) 4 n k In F ig A b o v e , c u r v e B w

ngi
z

m a l c o n d u c t iv
it y o f t h e m a t e r ia l
f th bov e in t e m p e r a t u
e re
(e ) n on e o e a
(a ) in c r e a s e s w it h in c r e a s
t
A t t h e r m a l e q u ilib r iu m

nee
i t m p e r a u re
(b ) d e c r e a s e s w it h in c r e a s e
n e

h e n ıis s iv it y
(a ) a b s o r p t ilń t y is g r e a te r t a n
(c ) is v e r y la r g e
i l t h em is s iv it y
b a b s o r t iv i y s
( ) t r a n tu r e s
(d ) is c o n s t a n t a t a ll t h e t e m p e r a
e s s e
p

rin
i iv it y
(c ) a b s o r p t iv ity is e q u a l t o e m s s (e ) n o n e o f th e a bov e
i i d is s iv ity is u n it y
(d ) s u ın o f a b s o r p t v y t a n e m
f in la t io n fo 1 ie
y lh ıd r ic a p p
104 Th e cr itic a l r a d iu s o su r a c

(e ) n o n e o f t h e a b o v e
The r a tio o e r o f a b o d y t o th e
fe m is s iv
tl b la c b o d y is c a lle d
p o w e r o f a p e r fe c y
k
e p ow e m is s iv e

(a )
(T h e r m a lco
g.n
n du c t iv ity o f in s u la t in g m a

r s u r fa c e
t e r ia l)
)

e
2 (h e a t tr a fe c o e ffic ie n t a t o u te
(a ) a b s o r p tiv ity (b ) e m is s iv ity × n s r

(c ) d ifñ ıs iv ity
(e ) a b s o r p t iv
The
(a ) d e p
w a v e

e n ds
p
(d ) c o n d u c tiv ity
e

le n g th
o n
pow

te
o

m
e r

f th e
e ra
ra

tu
d ia t io
re o n ly
n e m i忱 e d
(b )

(c ) in
(T h
2

(T h
×
erm

(h
v e r se o

e rm
e a
a

a
l c o n d u c t iv it y
t tr a
f (a )
lco
n s

n du
fe r

c
co e

t iv it y
fn
o f in
c ie n

o f in
su

su
a
la t in g
t o u

la t in g
te r
m

t
m
a

a
t e r ia l)

s u r fa c e )

t e r ia l !
2 (d )
(b ) d e p e n d s o n (t e m p e r a t u r e ) (h e a t tr a n s fe r co e ffic ie n t a t o u te r s u r a c
e f )
(c ) d o e s n o ţ d e p e n d o n m a t e r ia l o f b o d y (e ) in v e rse o f (b )
(d ) d e p e n d s o n m a t e r ia l o f b o d y o ta
】
10 5 T h e 七o t a l is s iv it y p o w e r is d e fin e d a s th e t
e m
(e ) (a ) a n d (c ) a b o v e u ni
t
a m om d
t o f r a d ia t io n e m itt e d b y a b la c k b o y p e f

F ig s h o w s t h e v a r ia tio n o f t e m p e r a t u r e a c r o s s t h e
(a ) t e n ıp e r a t u r e (b ) th ic k n e s s
th ic k ï ıe s s o f n ıa t e r ia ls w ith d iffe r e n t th e r m a l c o n
(c ) a r e a (d ) t in ıe
d u c t iv it ie s u n d e r s t e a d y s t a t e s C u r v e C w ill b e
(e ) a r e a d t in
a p p lic a b le w h e n t h e r m a l c o n d u c t iì ń t y o f t h e m a t e
a n ıe
l
】
The e r ic a
l she
r ia l 106 cr itic a l r a d iu s o f in su la t io n fo r a s ph
(a ) in c r e a s e s w ith in cre a s e in t e m p e r a t u r e '

(b ) d e c r e a s e s w it h in cre a se in t e m p e r a tu r e rm a lco n d u c tiv it y o f in su la t in g m a te r i

(a )
(c ) is v e r y la r g e (h e a t t r a n s fe r c o e fïic ie n t a t o u te r s u r fa c
e )
(d ) is c o n s t a n t a t a ll th e te ın p e r a tu re s
te
2 × (th e r m a lco n d u c t iv it y o f in su la t in g m a
(e ) n o n e o f t h e a b o v e (b )
ill b e (h e a t tr a n s fe r c o e flic ie t t te r sibce )
In F ig B e lo w , c u r v e A w a p p lic a b le w h e n th e r
n a o u

t e r ia l (c ) in v e r s e o f (a ) (d ) in f (b )
m a l c o n d u c tiv it y o f t h e m a v e r se o
(e ) n o n e o f t h e a b o v e

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w.E
a syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
et

**Note: Other Websites/Blogs Owners Please do not Copy (or) Republish

this Materials without Legal Permission of the Publishers.

**Disclimers : EasyEngineering not the original publisher of this Book/Material

on net. This e-book/Material has been collected from other sources of net.
Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net
 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w.E
a syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
et

**Note: Other Websites/Blogs Owners Please do not Copy (or) Republish

this Materials without Legal Permission of the Publishers.

**Disclimers : EasyEngineering not the original publisher of this Book/Material

on net. This e-book/Material has been collected from other sources of net.
Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net
 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w .Ea
syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
e t

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net Scanned by CamScanner

 Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

ww
w.E
a syE
ngi
nee
rin
g.n
et

**Note: Other Websites/Blogs Owners Please do not Copy (or) Republish

this Materials without Legal Permission of the Publishers.

**Disclimers : EasyEngineering not the original publisher of this Book/Material

on net. This e-book/Material has been collected from other sources of net.
Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net