4

TUBESHEETS A
APPENDIX

NON.MANOATORY APPENDIXA - TUBESHEETS

Thefollowingrul6shavebeenincludedas a designmethodfor fubesheets for heatexchangersihat are not
designedpei ASMEcode. lt is not intendedthat these rules be used in additionto ASME designrules'
A1 TUBESHEET
THICKNESS
All APPLICATION ANO UMITAI1ONS
INSTRUCTIONS

Exceptas qualifiedby Paragraphs A.121andA.122,theetfectivetubesheet ihicknessshall

beth; thicknessmeasured at the bottomof thetubesidepass padition groove and/orsh€ll
balf,e
sidelongitudinal groove minus colrosionallowancein gxcess ol the groove depths'
A121APPUED TUBESHEET FACINGS
Thelhickness of applled'faclngmatedalshall notbolncluded intheminimum or

The thicknessof claddingmaterialin integrallyclad platesand dadding deposit€dby

weldingmay be includedin the effectivetubesheetthicknessas allowedby the Code.
A13 REOUIFEDEFFECTVETUBESHEET THICXNESS
The requiredefieclivetubesheetthicknesstor any typo ot heat exchangershall be
determined fromth6followingparagraphs.lior bothtubgsideand shellsideconditions,
corrodedor unconod€d,using whictleverthicknessis greatest. Both tubesheetsol fixed
fubeshe€texchangers shallhavethe samethickness, unlessth6 provisionsof Paragraph
A.156are satistied.

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APPENDIXA TUBESHEETS

A.131TUBES}IEET
FOFIIULA_BENDING
- FGfF
3 llas
where
Effectivetubesheetthickness,in. (mm)
a allowablestress in iension,psi (kPa),for tube-sheetmaterialat design
t tempe.atu.es(see ParagEph RCB-1.42)
For outsidepackedfloatinghead exchangers(fype P), P shall be as definedin
Paragraph A.141,psi (kPa).
For packedfloating6nd exchangerswith lantemring Oyp€ W), for the floating
Pshallbe as delinedin Paragraph
tubesheet, 4.142,psi (kPa).
Pshallbo as definedin Paragraph
Forfixedtubesheetexchangers. A.153.
A.154,orA.155,psi (kPa).
Forothertyp€exchangers, P shallbe the designprcssure,shellsid6ortube
side, @rrectedfor vacuumwhen presenton the oppositesidg, or diff€rential
pr€ssurewhensp€cifiedby the purchaser,psi (kPa).
For U-tubetubesheetsCfypeU) and tor stalionarytubesheetswherethe
oppositetubesheetis a fioatingtubesheet,wherethe tubesheetis extendedas a
fange for boltingto headsor shells with ring iype gaskets,P psi (kPa)is gtuenby
the greatestabsolutevalueot the lollowing:
For a tubesheetweldedto the channeland extendedas a flangefor
boftingto the shell,P is tho greatestabsolutevalue ol P" + Pr) or P,
Fora lubosheetweldedto the shell and extendedas a ffangefor bolting
to tire channel,P is the greatest absolutevalue ol (4 + Pt\ ot P"
Wher€P" or P, is the designpressurcof the shellsideor tubeside,
conectedfoavacuumwhen presenton th€ oppositeside,
PD= (6.2W / (f C) altd M islatger oI Mt ot M2 as dsfin€d in A.152.
For floatingtubesheetsOype T), where the tubesheetis extendedfor boltingto
h€adswilh ring type gaskets,the effect of the momentacting on the extensionis
d€lined in Paragraph4.152 in terms of equivalenttube side and shell side bolting
pressuresexceptG 6hallbe lhe gasket G ol the floatingtubesheet.P psi (kPa)is
given by lhe greatestabsolutevalue ol the toliowing:
P-P,+PD,
orP=P"-Pr"

or P =P.

0.785
.I - ----:-----:-:
for squareor rotatedsquarefube patterns
\ftb"oD/

n q07
l - " -' , for Eiangular
or rotatedtriangulartubepattems
/ Pirch \z

Forintegrally
finnedtubes,the OD of th6 tubein thetubesheetshallbe used.

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 TUBESHEETS APPENDIXA

C shallbe eitherin ihe corrodedor uncorroded dependentuponwhich

condition,
conditionis underconsid€ration.
Forfixedtubesheetexchanger,G shallbethe shellinsidediameter.
G shallbe the portinsidediameter.
Forketdetypeexchangers,
Foranyffoatingtubesheet(exceptdivided),G shallbe theG usedfo. the
tubesheetusingtheP as definedfor othertypeexchangers.
stationary
TypeT tubeshe€tsshall also be checkedusingthe pressureP definedabove
with boltingand using th€ actual gasketG of the tloatingtubesheet.
For a dividedfloatingtubesheet,G shall be 1.41(d) v'rhered is the lengithof the
shofestspanmeasuredovercente inesof gaskets.
Forothe.type€xchangers. C shallbethe diah€ter.in. (mm).overwhichthe
pressureunder@nsideration is acting.(e.9.Pr€ssureactingon the gaskeled
side of a tubesheet,G= the diamoterat the locationof the gasket load reaction
as definedin the Code.Pressureactingon an integralsideof atubesheet,G=
the insidediameterofthe integralpressurepart.)

Forunsupporledtubesheets,(e.g.U-tubetubesheets)
gasketedbothsides,
F= 1.25
Forsupportedtubesheets,(e.9.fixedtubesheets
andfloatingtypetubesheets)
gasketedbothsides,F= 1.0.
Forunsupported tubeshe€ts,(a.9,U-tubetubesheets) integralwitheitheror both
sides,'F shallbe the valuedeterminedby the curv6U in FigureA.131.
For supportedtubesheets,(e.9.fixed tubesheetsand floatingtype tubesheets)
integralwith eitier or both sides,,Fshall be the value determinedby the curve H
in FioureA.131.
FIGURE
4131
1"30
1.25
1.20
'1.15 . U
1 .t o
1.O5
1.00
0,95 \ H
o.90
o.85
0.80
0.75
O.o0 O.Ol O.o2 o.O3 o.O:t o.o5 O.O5 0.O7 O.oa o.o9 o.10
NOTE: lf thetubesheetis integralwithboththe tubesideandthe shellside,
WallThickness and lD areto be basedon the sideyieldingthe smalle.
valueof ,F.

oJtheapplication
SeeTableA.131for illustration ol the aboveequations.

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4

APPENDIX
A

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=

TUBESHEETS APPENDIX
A
ABLEA"131 thued
P
Shell Side Pressure Tub6Sid6Pressure
SeeFigureA.131 GasketG ChannollD Designpressure, psi
t7 ru0l1l shellside (kPa),shellsideor
, i IID) tubeside,perA.131
t2 Seenote1 correctedfor vacuum
whenpresenton
Note: F Max= 1.25 ShelllD or port oppositesideor
GasketG pressure
ditferenlial
F Min= 1.00 insid€diameter tubeside
for ketdetype wh€nspecifledby
customer,
exchangeas Se€note1

ShelllD or port unanne|lu

insidediameter
for kettletype
exchangers

1,0 SameG as usedfor stationary Designpressure,psi

tubesheet (kPa),shellside,or
tuboside,per
Pamgraplr 4.131
correctedfor vacuum
whenpresenton
oppositesideor
pressure
differential
when specifiedby
customer.

0 1.0 SameG as usedlor stationary seeParagraph

A.t3l
tubesheet.
AlsocheckusinggasketG
ofthefloating
tubesheet.
Seenote1.

1,0 G = 1.ar@) 06signpresswe,psi

d = Shortestspanmeasuredovea
centerlinesof gaskets.
(kPa),sh6llside,or tube
sid€,p6r Paragraph
A.131cofiectedfor
vacuum$frenpr6s€nton
oppositeside!or
differenlialprcssure
wheospecifr€dby
customet.

0 1.0 SameC asusedforstationary Dssignpr€ssur€, psi

tubesheet (kPa),tub€sid6per
Paragraph A.'131
corgcted fot vacuum
whenpres€nton the
shellside.
1.0 SameG as usedfor stationary Definedin Paragraph
tubeshoet A .t 4 1 1

Note:1.GasketG = d'tediameter of thegasketloadreaction

at thelocation asdsfinedintheCode.

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!
APPENDIX
A TUBESHEETS

A.13?TUBESHEET - SHEAR
FORMULA
^r o . 3 l D ,( P \
_ 7--------;---iI = L
t' ao l\J,/
l'- PktI
where

f= Effectiveiubesheetthickness,in. (mm)
- 4 4
,t = ; - Equivalentdiameterof the tubecenterlimitperimeter,
in. (mm)
L
C= Perimeterofthe tubelayoutmeasuredstepwisein incrementsof one tubepitch
fiom center-to-center tubes,in. (mm). FigureA.132showsthe
ofthe outermost
application
to typicaltriangular
andsquaretube petterns
FIGURE
4.I32

'C " (pe.imeter)is the lengthofthe heavyline

,4 = Totalareaenclosedby perimeterC, in'z(mm'?)

d0= Outsidetubediameter,in. (mm),for integrallyflnnedtubes,the OD of the tubein

thetubesheet
shallbeused.
Tubecenter-to-center in.(mm)
spacing,

Foroutsidepackedfloating (TypeP),P shallbeasdefined

headexchangefs in
Paragraph psi(kPa).
A.141,
Forfixedtubesheetexchangers,
P shallbeas definedin Paragraph A.153,
A.154, psi(kPa).
or A.155,
P shallbethedesignpressure,
Forothertypeexchangers, sheltsideor tube
side,cofrected
forvacuumwhenpresent on theoppositeside,of differential
pressure bythepurchaser,
whenspecified psi(kPa).

Codeallowable psi(kPa),fortubesheet
stressintension, material
at desgn
(seeParagraph
metaltemperatures RCB-1.42)
NOTE:Shear
willnotconkolwhen
/D\ t' ) \1
l l l <r . 6r 1- -+- )I
\s/ \
SeeTableA.'132
for illustration of theaboveequations
of theapplication

F,
A.6 Association,
OTubularExchangerManutact!rers Inc,
I
TUBESHEETS APPENDIX
A

TABLEA.I32
TUBESHEET
THICKNESSFORSHEAR
0.3lDL Note:l\4ust
becalculated
forshellsideor
tubesidepressure,
whichever
is
(1-dolPitch) (:) controlling.
d0 = Outsidetubediameter, Pitch= Iube spacing, S = Codeallowable stress
in. (mm).Forintegrallyfinned center-to-center,
in. (mm) in tension,psi (kPa).For
tubes,the OD ofthe tubein tubesheetmaterialat
the tubesheetshallbe used. designmetaltemperature.
(SeeParaoraDh RC8-1.42)
D,
(a) Desrgn pressure,
psi(kPa),shetlsideor tubeside,
corectedforvacuum whenpresent onopposite side,or
pressure
differential whenspecified bycustomer.

(b) Designpressure,psi(kPa),shellside -
Dt =41*l
or tubeside, tc/
-.W-- conectedforvacuum
pressure
djfferential
whenpresent
whenspecified
onoppositeside,or
bycustomer.
C = Perimeter oftube
layoutmeasured
D
.S-:
stepwise in increments
of o;!etube-to-tube
pitchcenter-to-center
of theoutermost tubes,
D in.{mm).SeeFigure

*a=€
{c)

-*v|--
Design pressure,
corrected
psj(kPa),
forvacuum
pressure
differential
fixedtubesheet
thruA.155.
whenpresent
whenspecified
or tubeside,
shellside
onopposite
bycustomer,
typeunjts,asdefined
side,or
orfor
in paragraphs
A.153
C,
A.132

,{ : total^area
in"
Figure
e-nclosed
(mm').
See
A.132
by

ffi
ryF
ffi
nextpage
TABLEA.132Continued

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-
APPENDIX
A TUBESHEETS

TABLEA,132Continued

Desisn
pressure,
p-r kpafthEilsidEiiru-66!fiE,
;Eiied
rorvacuumwhenpresenton oppositeside,ordrfferential
pressure
whenspecjfied
bycustomer.

D,=41;l
C = Perimeteroftube tayout
measuredstepwisein
Incrementsof onetube_
to-tubepjtchcenter-to-
centerof the outermost
tqbes,in.(nm). See
FigureA.132

Design
pressure,
psGFat,strett
sioeortuuelEe,correa* I : totalareaenclosedby C
rcr vacuumwhen presenton oppositeside,ororfferential in'(mm').SeeFjgure
pressure
whenspecified
bycustomer. 4.132

s
-w Desisn
pressure,
psiikF4llFEil-siGiiiibdiE6ioii6ted
lor vacuum
whenpresent on opposite
side,ordifferential
pressurewhenspecified
bycustomer.

jGloEEeI'GivE|uum-
Designpressure,psi(kpa),lu6i6
wnenpresentonshellside.

Defined
in Paragraph
A.1412

AI OTlrbulrr Fy.h.nd.. M.6rfr^trr.E Aaa^.t.+i^h rs^

 TUBESHEETS APPENDIXA

:a A.I33TUBESHEET
This paragraph
the_extended
FORMULA

portion
" TUBESHEET
ls applicable
FLANGED EXTENSION
onlywh€nbolttdadsaretransmined,
of a tubesheet. Thep€ripheral
atthebottcircte,
poitionextcnded
to
to forma flange
ior bolting
to headsorshellswithflngtypegasketsmayldifier in thickness fromthat
porlioninsidetheshellcataulated in Parag€phA.131.Theminimum thickness of the
gxt€nded portionmaybecatculated fromthefollowing
qquation.

2i.: Minimum
thickness portion,
oftheextended in.(mm)
I = Outside
diameter
of thetubesheet,
in.(mm)
A
G
M= in paragraph
thelargetofMt orM2asdefined A.152.
NOIE: Themomentsmaydifferiom thEmoryEntsactiig dn theattachedfladge.
S and G are definedin Pariigraph
A.13 1.

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APPENDIXA TUBESHEETS
414 PACKEDFLOATINGTUBESHEET
TYPEO(CHANGERSEFFECTIVE
PRESSURE
A14I OUTSIDEPACKEDFLOATINGHEAO('YPE P)
The thicknessot tub€9he€tsin exchangeEwhosefloatjng headsare packedat the outside
dlameterof $9 tube6he€tor a oylind cal extensionthereot shaltb€ calculatedlike
stElionarytubeshe€tsu6ingihe formulaslor P as delined below.
A"1411EFFECTIVE OESIGNPRESSURE-BENDING
' The etfeqtivedesignpressureto be usedwith the fo.mula shown in paragraph4.181 is
gven Dyl

4 = Designp€ssure,psi(kPa),tubesid€
(Forvacuumd€sign,R is negative.)

P, = Designpressu.e,
psl(kPa),shellside
(Forvacuumdesign,P" is n€gative,)

i'
Outside
dlameter
ofthefloating in,(mm)
tubssheet,

Dc= E
\tr
Equivalent
A asdEfined
otthetubeconterlimitperimeter,
dierneter
in Paragraph
4.'132
in.(mm),using

F qndG area6defin€din Paragraph

A,l 31
41412EFFECTIVE DESIGN
PFESSURE. SHEAF
Theeff€ctivEd€signpressureto be usedwiththeformulashownin Paragraph
A.I 32 is givenby:
/nr-n2\
D - D , D l " " , I

\ u . )
usingtermgasdgfln€din Paragraph A.l 411.
A"142PACKED FLOATING TUBESHEET WITHLANTERN RING(rYPEVU
Thsthicknessot ffoatingtJbesheets in exchangerswttosefloatingtubesheetsare packed
at lhe outsidediamgterwithreturnbonnetor channelboltedto hE shellllange,shallbe
calculated as ior gasketedsiationary
tubesheetexchanggrs, usingP definedas th6tube
sidedeshnpressure,psi (kPa),coreotedfor vacuumwhenpresenton the 6hellside. lt is
inconectto utilizetheshellsldepressure-

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t
TUBESHEETS APPENDIX
A
A.15FIXEDTUBESHEETEFFECTIVE PRESSURE
Thisparagraphshallapplyto exchangers havingtubesheetsfixedto bothendsofthe she , withor
jointexceptas requiredor permittedby paragraphA.3. Bothtubesheets
withouta shellexpansjon
of fixedtubesheetexchangersshallhavethe samethickness,unlessth; provisionsof paragraph
A.156are satisfied.

Forfixedtubesheetexchangers, the mutuallyinterdependent

loadsexertedon thetubesheets.
tubes,and shellaredefinedin termsofequivalentand efiectjvedesjgnpressuresin paragraphs
A.l5'1throughA.lS5forusein ParagraphsA.l3l and4.132.Thesepressures shaltalso
be used
(with./ =1) in Paragraphs
A.22,A.23andA.25to assessthe needfor an expansionjoint. The
designershallconsidea the mostadverseoperatingconditionsspecifiedby the purchaser.(See
ParagraphE-3.2.)
A.151EOUIVALENTDIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION PRESSURE
The pressuredue to differential
thermalexpansion,psi (kPa),is givenbyl

4JE"r"le!l
\ J . . . . - \
(ro-Jrsl(r+"/A,ir,
Note: Algeb.aicsignmustbe retainedfor use in Paragraphs
A.153throughA.156,A.22
andA.23.

J = 1,0forshellswithout joints
expansion
S,L
joints.SeeNote(1).
forshellswithexpansipn
SjL+ |t\Da - t,)t,8"

joint,lbs/in.(kN/mm)
Springrateof theexpansion

E,t,N \do- t,)

o.z,
* r,.'-
o.o E'fGl'.']"'
ri3ooL
' ' L / ( z E\ ? " / . 1
(Usethecalculated
valueofFqor 1.0,whichever
is greater.)

A.131
in Paragraph
Fand G areas defined

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I

APPENDIX
A TUBESHEETS

?= Tubesheet lhicknessused,butnot lessthan98.5%of tho greaterof the values

defin6dby Paragraph A.131or 4.132. Ohe valueassumedin evalu-atingF4
mustmatchthelinalcomputedvaluewithii a toleranceof 1 1.5%).
Se€Note(2).
I, = Tubelengthbetweeninnertubesheot faces,in. (mm).
. thermalgroMh (shell-tubes),in. (mm).
zr, = Ditferential
(SeeSection7, ParagraphT"4.5).
L, = Tubel€hgthbetweenoutgrtubesheet faces,in. (mm).
E"= psi {kPa).
Elasticmodulusof theshellmaterialat meanmetaltemperatur€,
(SeeParagraphRCB-1.€1). SeeNote(3).
4 = psi (kPa).
Elasticmodulusot thetubematerialat meanmetaltemperaiure,
(SeeParagraph RCB-1.,*12).
t = psi (kPa).
Elasticmodulusotthe tubesh€etmaterialat meanmetaltemp€rature,
(SeeParagraph RCB-1,.lil2).
lf = Numborol tubesin the shell.
D0 = Outsidediameterofthe shellorporttor kettletypeexchangers,
in. (mm).
d, = Outsidediameterof tho tubes (lor integrallyfinnedtubes, dois root diarn€terof
fin).in.(mm).
t, = Tlbe wallthickness(forintegrally
linnedtubes,t, is wallthicknessunderfin),in.
(mml.
/"= Shellwallthicknessor portwallthickness in. (mm).
JorketdetypeexchanOers,

Notesi
(l) J canbeassumed jointswhere
equaltozerolor shellswithexpansion
- (4-l,)r"8"
10t
(2) Tubesheets arepermissible
thickerthancomputed provided
neithershellnortubes
areoverloaded. SeeParagraphA.2.
(3) ForKettletype,
F I
' -
( 2 L p l * l l 4 LD, rp,()( D , - r ^) r ) ] - 1 1 r ^ r ")q( D * r " ) l
where
EsI1= psi (kPa).
Elasticmodulusof the shellmaterialat meanmetaltemperahrre,
(Se€ParagraphRCB-I.431).
t = Tubelengthbetweeninnerfubesh€et faces,in. (mm).
z,. = in. (mm).
Lengthof kettleportc!4inder,
fp= Ketdeportcylinderthickness,ln (mm)
Dp = l,ileandiameterof kettleportcylinder,in. (mm).
,( = Lengthol kenleoylinder, in. (mm)
Ix = Kettlecylinderthickness,in. {mm).
DK = Meandiameterol kettlecylinder,in, (mm).
lc = Axiallengthof kettlecone,in. {mm).
fc = Kettleconethickness,in. (mm)

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 TUBESHEETS APPENDIXA
4.152 EQUIVALENT BOLTINGPRESSURE
When fixed tubesheetsare extendedtor bohingto headswith ring type gaskets,the
extensionandlhat porUonol thefubesheetsinsidethe shellmaydiffer hickness.The
extensionshallbe designedin accordance ivithparagraph
A.13e.Theetfectof the moment
actinguponthe tubesheetextensionshallbe accouniedfor in subsequ"ntpuiugr.pn",n
t€rmsof equivalenttub€sideand she sidebottingpressures wtrichare d*ineo as:
6.2M.
P&= -;;=+

6.2M"
.e-
F2C3

,Fand G are detinedin paragraphA.13 1

Mr = Totalmomentaclinguponth€ extenslonunderoperatingconditjons,
definedby
the Cod€as,ltounderflangedesign,lbf_in(mm-kN).
M, = Totalmomentactinguponthe extensionunderbolting-upconditions,
definedby
lhe Codeas M0 underflangedesign,lbf-in{mm-kN).
Psi = Equivalent
boltingpressurewhentube6idepressur€is acting,psj(kpa).
Pr, = Equivalent
bottjngpressurewhentubesidepressureis nobicting,psi (kpa).

A1&I EFFECTIVE SHELLSIDEDESIGNPRESSURE

Th€ effectiveshellsidedesignpressureis to be takenas ile greatestabsolute
vatueof the
Jollowlng:

2
or
or

ot P=Ps'-PR,
where

D' -
fo.+
Pl
" . r f r . s * r- pl\. s - 1 " ))fl-l l { ' ) i 1 ,
'z t' c ---.!t I
' l+J KFq
|
L ]
P" = Shellsidedesignpressure,
psj (kpa) (Forvacuumdesign,pr is negative.)

r-ll& I
"r = \.c,
6 = Insidedianeterol $e shell,in.(mm)

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I
APPENDIX
A TUBESHEETS

Dt = Maximum expansion jointinsidediameter, in.(mm)

(Dj = C whennoexpansaon jojntis present.)
Othersymbols areasdefined underParagraphs A.15.1.
andA.152_
Notes:
(1) Algebraic signof P"' mustbeusedabove,andmusibe retained forusein paragraphs
A.154,
A.155, A.156. A.22andA.23.
(2) WhenJ=0, formulae containing P,,wi notconirol.
(3) DeletethetermPsJin theabovefomulaeforusein paragraph A.132.
(4) Forkettlotype,G : portinsidediameter.
A.154EFFECTIVE TUBESIDEDESIGN PRESSURE
Theeffectivetubesidedesignpressure is to betakenasthegreatest
absolutevatueofthe
following:
P'LP !P
P= -t-
when P,' s positive
or p: P,'+Pa,

Pt'-4+PB,+Pd
r_= z whenP,' is negative
67p= P,'-Pi+P*
where

p = . - f r * 0 . + - 'r r { r"f. |ls] *

y t
' t+JKFq
L l
P, = Tubesidedesignpressure,
psa(kPa)(Forvacuum
design,
P, is negative.)
t s . ' , 1

" \ G , /
G = Insidediameter
of theshell,in.(mm)
Othersymbols
areasdefinedunder
Paragraphs A.'151,
A.152,
andA.153.
Notes:
(1) Algebraic
signof 4' mustbeusedabove,andmustberetained for usein
ParagEphs A.155,A.156,
A.22,andA.23.
(2) When"/: 0,
a) Formulae
containing
Pr'willnotcontrol.
b)WhenP, andP, arebothpositivethefollowing
formulais controlling:
n l l n Y
p
- = -C' + - l l a t _-t l + p
B'
,
-, lLl \ c' /
l
(3) DeletethetermP&intheaboveformulae for usein Paragraph
A.132.
(4) Forkettletype,G = portinsidediameter.

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 TUBESHEETS APPENDIX A

A.'I55EFFECTIVEDIFFERENT'AL DESIGNPRESSURE
Undercertaincircumstances the Codeandotherrcgulatorybodiespermitdesignon the
basisotsimuttaneous actionof bothshe and tubeaidepr;ssures.fne efflcrrve
differentiar
designpressurefor fixedtubesheetsundersuchcircumstun"""i" to o" tuxun
as the greatestabsolutevalueof the foltowing:
P=P'-P'IP

P ' _ ' Pt ' T ' DB t T D' d

or P ='t
2
or P=Ps"
P l D
or r=_=--
2

o( p=p,'_n
P'- P'! P
or P = :J--:-:-:-:'L
2
ot P=Ps,

Pd,PB",Ps,,P.' and N' are as definedin paragraphsA.151,A.152,

4.153,andA.154.
Notes:
to use{p, - pr) jn placeof p" to calculatep,, in paragrapn
(1) lt is not permissible
A.153,and it js not permjssibteto use f& _pJ in placeof p, to calcutate,i, in
Paragraph A.154.
(2) WhenJ = 0, the formulaecontaining pd willnot cont.ol.
(3) Deletethe termsps. and pr, in the aboveformulaefor usein paragraph
4.132.
A,156FIXEDTUBESHEETS OF DIFFERING THICKNESSES
Ihe rulespfesentedin paragraph A.151throughA.185and A.2 are intendedfor fixed
tubesheetexchangers wherebothtubesheets are the samethickness.Conditions can
existwhereit is appropfiate to usetubesheets ofdifferingthicknesses.Thesecondtttons
may resultfromsignificanily differingelasticmoduliand/orallowablestresses.The
followingproceduremay be usedfor sLlchcasesl
(1) Separatethe designparameters as definedin previouspa.agraphs for eachtubesheet
systemby assigningsubscrjpts I andB to eachof the fo owingterms:
T as Ta and T,
L as La and LswhereLa + LR= 2L
E as Ea and Es
Fqas Feaand Fqs
Note:Thevaluesof Mr, Mr, F, G, 1lL, Lt, Da, t", da,t, E,, E!, N, and musl
$
remainconstantthroughouithisanalysis.lf a fixedtubesheetexchanoer h;s
diftercntboltingmomentsat eacht!besheet,the designersho!ld uselne vatuesot
M? andM that producethe conseNative design.
(2) CalaulateTApet Paragraphs A.151thfoughA 155assumingthatbothtubesheets
havethe properties of subscfipt,4andZ.a= Z.

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-

APPENDXA TUBESHEETS

(3) Calcllatefs per ParagraphsA 151throughA 155assumingthat bothtubesheets

havethe propertiesof subscript8and-L, = l'
(4) CalculateLr andL, as follows:
L - L, -Tr-Ts

L^-2L-Lu
i'.[t?ll " \

(5) Recalculate I,{ per ParagraphsA'151 throughA 155usingthe properties of subscript

A and1-rfromstep4
(6) Recalculate I, per Paragraphs A l5l throughA 155usingthe propertiesof subscript
B andL, fromstep4
(7) Repeatsteps4 through6 untilvaluesassumedin step4 are within1 5% of thevalues
calcltated in step 5 for f/ and step 6 tor ?,
(8) RoundIA and fs upto an appropriate incrementand recalculate -Lnandt' p€rsiep4
(9) the shellandtub€stressBsandthe tube-to{ubesheet jointloadsper
' ' Calculate subscripted
iiragraph A.2for eaohtubesheot system using the appropriate
orooerties
Note: The sh6llandtubestressesandtubeto-tubesheet jointloadslor eachi'rbesheel
svstemshouldtheoretically be identicalSmall ditforences may exisl however'
b'ecause of rounOing tne calculatedtubesheet thicknesses in stepS The tubestress
andthe tube_to-tubesheet jointloads from the two systems shouldbe averagedbeforo
comparing thosevaluesto the allowable values as calculated in ParagraPh A 2'
STRESSES - FIXEDTUBESHEETEXCHANGERS
A2 SHELLANDTUBELONGITUDINAL
Shellandtube longitudinal stresses'wh|chdependuponthe equrvalent and efleclivepressures
J"tui ttrnJlv p"tigr+hs A.151hroughA 154,shall be calculated lor fxed tub€sheetexchangers
following paragraphs. The.designer shall ,
witr or wittrotitstrettlxpansion iointsbiusing the
by th€ purchaser. (see Paragraph E-
considerthe mostadverseoperatingc;nditio;sspecdied
3,2.)
'----
Note:TheformulaeanddesigncriteriapresentedinParagraphsA23throughA25consideron tubes'
tf," tuU"" ui tf'" periph;ryof the bundle,whichare normallytho mosthighlystressed
Additionalconsiderationofthetubestressdiskibt"tionthroughoutthebundlemaybeof
inierestto the designorundercertainconditions of loadingand/orgoometry'Seethe
"necom..nOeaC6oO practico- sectionof theseStandards for additionalinformati-n

A"21HYOROSTATIC TEST
Hvdrostatic can imposeexcessiveshelland/ortubestresses These
testconditions
Jl""""i -n Uu the pressurosandlemperatures
by substituting at hydrostatic
"af"ututed
desig; pressuresand metaltempeJatures in the paragraphsthat
testiorthe appropriate
tollowand in ParagraphsA 151throughA 154wtlero applicable

A22 SHELLLONGITUDINAL STRESS

stressis givenby:
The efiectivelongitudinalshell
^ c , ( 4 - 1) t '
=_.-
J
" 4 t

exceptas noted below

Note(2)

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A.16
 TUBESHEETS APPENDIX
A

otP: = 1 Noter(2)
or Pn*= -P, Not60)
ot P,* = Pr+I
orP,r= \-P" Not€$0) and (2)
otP"*- P-Pa NotT (1)and (2)
o tP " - 4+1-Pd Note(1)

4= P,-4'
Othergynbolgareasdefined InParagraphs A.151,A.159,andA,154,usingactualsh6ll
andtubeghe€t thiaknesges€ndr€taining Elgeb.alcsigns.
Not€6:
('l) lf theelgebralcalgnd P"* is posidve,G = 0.5.
(4 Thisiormulab notapplicable preqsur€designperParagraph
for dlfferentlal
A,155.
A conditionol overstr€ss6hailbepreslm€dto gxistwhenthe large€tabsoluteveluqof S,
the Codeallowablestressin teislonfor theshellmat€rialat designteniperature,
e)rce€dg
or 90%ol yieldst essat hydrbstatic
t€st,or whenthe great€5tnega!t\@ valueof S"Exce€ds
the CodeallowablgstrEsgln compr€ssion at designtemderature. L ".
A23 TUBELONGITUDINAL STRESS.PERIPHEHY OFBUNDLE
Thgmaxlmum€ff€ctiv€longltudinal tubestress,psi (kPa),at lhe pgrlpheryof f|e bundleis
gtuenby:
^ c,F"1*G2
"'= 4N11d"1)
where
c'= 1.0 exceptas notedbelow
Note(e)

or P'+' -P3
rote(a1
ot Pt' = Pd Notos(1)and(2)
ot Pf = P2- P3
orP,*= Pr+Pn Notes(1)and{2)
orPf = -Pr+P, Not€s(1)and(2)
ot P: = P2- P3+Pd Noto(il)
v{here
( rp\
P'= P"-l+l
V q )
( rp\
P,= P:_lf.l
_s \ -/
Ereasddinedin Paragraphs
Othersyrnbols dl51, A,159,andA"154,usingactualshe
andtubeEheet andretalning
thickn8sses alg€braic
signs,

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APPENDIXA TUBESHEETS

Notes:
(1) It the algebraiesign oI P,* is positivo,C. = 0.5.
(2) This {ormulais not applicableior differentialpressuredesignper Paragraph4.155.
A conditionol overstressshall bo presumodto exist whenthe largestpositivevalue of t
exce€dslhe Cods allowableslr€68in tensiontor lhe shell materiatat designtsllperallrre,
or 90% of yield str€ss at hydrostatictest, or when the greatostnegativev€iug of S, exceeds
the allowablecompressivestressas determinedin accordancEMth ParagraphA.24.
A24ALLOWABLE
TUBEcoIIPREssIvE
sTREss.PERIPHERY
oF BuNDLE
Th€ allowabletub6 compressiv€stress,psi (kPa),ior lhe tub6s ot the peiphery ol lhe
bundlels givenby:
^ ,t- L.
' w h e nq < 4
F/4\'

I t r r tl
or
rl,_Ell
F,l 2c")
^ kt

whgre
6-rF
-"- t::_:!
! s,
Sv= Yieldstress,psi ftPa), ot $e tubematerialat thedEsignmetaltemperature.
(Se€Paragraph RC8"1.42)
r = Radiusof gyrationof fie tube,in. (mm),givenbyi
r = 0 . 2 5aj +(ao-zt,)' (seeT6bteD-7.)
* t= Equivalent bucklinglenglhol thetube,'n. (mm).The large6tvalue
unsupported
considgring
unsupparted
tubespans6hallbeused.
Unsupported
tubespan,in..(mm).
0,6for unsuppoded
spansbetweentwotubesheets
0.9forunsuppodedspansbetwoena tubosheet
andatubesuppod
t.0 forunsuppoded
spansbetweentwotubesupports
Faclor of 8af6tygiven by:
F" -3.?5 -O.sFq
Note: F" shallnotb6 lesslhan L25 andneednotbetakengr€aterthan2.0.
Othersymbols areasdefined in Paragraph4.151.
Note: The allowabletubecomprcssive slressshallbe limitedto lhe smallerol theCode
allowablestr€ssin tensionlor $e tubematerialat the designmetaltemperature
(seeParagraph RCB-i.42) or thecalculated vaiueof S..

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 TUBESHEETS APPENDIXA

A25 TUBE-TO.TUBESHEET JOINTLOAI'S. PERIPHERY OF BUNDLE

-T The maximumeffecttuetJbe-to.tubssheetjoint load, lbs. (kN),at the p€ripheryof th6
bundleis givenbj4
n rl p * /a2
' 4 N

Note(1)

Note(1)
orP'* = P2-P3

P2andPr are as definedin ParagraphA.23. Olhersymbolsare as delinedin Paragraphs

A.15t, A.153and A.154,usingthe actualshellandtubeshe€tthicknesses.
Note:(1) Thisformulais notapplicable pressuredesignpe. Paragraph
lor difierentlal
A.l55.
Theallowabletube-to-tubeshgetjointloadsas calculatedbythe Codeor othermeansmay
b€ usedas a guidein evaluatingWj.
Thetube-to-tJbeshe€tjointloadscalo.Jlated
aboveconsideronlytho-elfectsof pressure
loadings.
Thetubeto-tub€sheei joint
loadscaused by restrained
diGrentiailhermal
expansionbetween shelland tubes areconsideredto bewithinacceptablelimitsif th€
requirementsof Paragraph A.23aremet.
A3 SPECIALCASES
Speoialconsiderationmust b€ gfuento tubeshestdosignswlttl abnomd clnditions of supportor
loading.Followingare sometypicalexamples:
(l) Exchangers withlargeditferenc€gIn shellandheadinsidedlameters; e.g.fix€dtubeshe€ts
wi$ ketdetype shell,
(2) The adequacyof the stayingaotionof the tubes duringhydrostatictest; e.9.,with test ringsfor
typesS andT, or typesP andW.
(3) Verticalexchangerswhereweightand/orpressuredrcploadingsproducesignificantetfects
to thedesignpressures.
aelative
(4) Extremeinte.passtemperatursdifferential6.
Consideralion and/ormethodsot anaiysiswilich
mayalsobe givento specialdesignconfigurations
mayjustityreduction thickness
of th€tubesheet requirements.

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APPENDXA TUBESHEETS

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