Xflb{s z'e]R5f Û

b'O{ emfkfnL OlGhlgo/ efOx¿n] ;+o'Qm n]vgdf Pp6f pkGof; tof/ kf/]5g\, d klg Pp6f emfkfnL ePsf
gftfn] zfob oL o'jfx¿sf] pT;fx / hfFu/k|lt cfs{lift ePF . To;f] t emfkf clxn] cfVofg l;h{gfsf If]qdf w]/}
rrf{df 5 . klxn] klxn] s[lif pTkfbgdf of] 7fpF dlnnf] dflgGYof] . cGg e08f/sf] ¿kdf of] k|Voft g} lyof] . clxn]
cfP/ ;flxTo ;[hgfdf klg of] TolQs} dlnnf] / pa{/ b]lvFb} cfPsf] 5 . s[i0f w/fjf;Lsf …z/0ffyL{Ú, …cfwfaf6f]Ú, …/fwfÚ
To:t} t]/fvsf] …;j{hfÚ clg /ZdL z]v/sf] …h]lxgfÚ cflb pkGof;x¿ emfkfnL ;flxlTos If]qdf dfq xf]Og, /fi6«sf] ;du|
;flxlTos If]qdf g} cfVofg ljwfdf gofF cjwf/0ff af]s]sf s[ltx¿ dflgG5g\ . o;}qmddf /lht cf]emf / dgf]h
l3ld/]sf] …OlGhlgol/Ë, clGtd jif{ / /fgLkf]v/LÚ zLif{sdf Pp6f 5'§} ljifoj:t' af]s]sf] pkGof; k|sfzgsf] t/v/df 5
.
;+o'Qm n]vg cyjf ;xn]vgsf] k/Dk/f k'/fg} xf] . cfVofgdf h:t} sfJodf klg ;xn]vgsf] k/Dk/f km}nFbf] 5 .
o; k|;ª\udf ;xn]vg s'g} gofF k|of]u cyjf k|:t'lt xf]Og . ca x]g'{kg]{ s'/f xf] s:tf] s[lt n]lvof] < ljifoj:t'sf]
cfwf/df, ;flxlTos :t/sf] dfkb08df . s:tf] 5 s[ltn] ;d]6]sf] ljifoj:t' < k|:t'lt, z}nL / efiffut rdTsf/sf]
Ifdtf, cleJolQmdf cfpg] lg/Gt/ lgem{/ ult 5 5}g < To;f] t dnfO{ nfU5 pkGof; n]Vg' Pp6f of]hgf / lzNksf]
sfo{ xf] . lgs} w}o{ / w]/} hfFu/kl5 Pp6f pkGof; hlGdG5 . ;;fgf t/ k|efjzfnL sYonfO{ Pskl5 csf]{ pGb} cfkm"n]
eGg rfx]sf] :ki6 b[li6sf]0fdf /fVg;Sg' Tolt ;lhnf] 5}g .
k|:t't …OlGhlgol/ª, clGtd jif{ / /fgLkf]v/LÚ zLif{s k9\bf of ;'Gbf g} gf}nf] nfU5 . zLif{sdf Pp6f sf}t'xn
pTkGg x'G5 . OlGhlgol/ª, clGtd jif{;Fu /fgLkf]v/Lsf] s] ;DaGw < lqrGb|sf] clGtd jif{;Fu /fgLkf]v/Lsf] ;DaGw x'g
;Snf lsgeg] pgLx¿;Fu} 5g\ . of] Pp6f ;ª\s]tfTds cy{ lbg] af]w leq 5 zLif{s . kf08'lnlk xft kbf{ ;f]r]sf] lyPF
oL efOx¿sf] Pp6f /x/ xf]nf, Pp6f pd]/sf] /x/ . o'jfjodf x'g] Pp6f /f]df~rs sNkgf . efj'stfsf ljljw
/f]dflG6s ememNsfx¿ . ha k9\b} uPF qmdzM d]/f] ;f]rfOdf kl/jt{g x'Fb} uof] . jf:tjdf d]/f] ;f]reGbf km/s kfPF d}n]
of] pkGof; . ljifoj:t'sf cfwf/df o;nfO{ 8fof]:kf]l/s pkGof; dfGg'k5{ . pkGof; g]kfnaf6 cd]l/sf;Dd k'u]sf] 5 .
cd]l/sf 5f]Pkl5 g]kfn ;Demgfdf 5, x/]s lbg If0f–k|ltIf0f cfO/xg] ememNsfx¿df 5 . a]/f]huf/ OlGhlgo/x¿sf]
kL8f o; pkGof;df hLjGt¿kdf k|:t't ePsf 5g\ . jt{dfg d'n'ssf] åGå, lx+;f, czflGtaf6 of] d'n's slt hf]lvddf
afFRg afWo 5 To;sf] ;hLj lrq0f klg of] pkGof;df kfOG5 . cd]l/sfdf cWoogsf nflu uPsfx¿sf] kL8fsf
t/Ëx¿sf] oyfy{ b:tfj]h k|:t't 5 .
pkGof; n]vgsf] efiffdf kl/isf/sf] cfjZostf 5 . sYout 7fpFdf klg 7fpF7fpFdf laemfpF5 . kl/isf/
n]vgdf Ps} lbgdf Ps} If0fdf cfpg] s'/f xf]Og, of] t l5lKkFb} hfg] s'/f xf] . d eG5' /lht / dgf]h x'g] la?jfsf
lrNnf kftx¿ x'g\ . ;xn]vgdf klxnf] pkGof; oltsf] tof/ x'g' pgLx¿sf] ;kmntf xf] . cGTodf s]xL x/kmx¿ oxfF
k|:t't ub{5' h'g dnfO{ c;fWo} dg k¥of] .
æPsfb]zdf Pp6f ;fgf] ufpF lyof], To; ufpFdf Pp6f ;fgf] ;'vL kl/jf/ . afa', cfdf / b'O{j6f 5f]/f . pgLx¿
cfkm\gf] ;fgf] ;+;f/df /dfOnf] hLjg latfO/x]sf lyP . Ps lbg kNnf] ufpFdf Pp6f dxfhg a;fOF ;/]/ cfof] . To;n]
k"/} ufpF+ 9fSg] u/L 7"nf] dxn agfof] . ;ª\udd{/ nufPsf], lrNnf], rlDsnf], /ª\lug dxn . ;a}nfO{ l5/f}F–l5/f}F nfUg],
a;f}F–a;f}F nfUg] . dxn 7\"nf] ePsfn] dxfhgnfO{ sfdbf/sf] vfFrf] eof], To;}n] p;n] cfkm\gf]df sfd ug]{nfO{ dxnleq}
a:g lbg] 3f]if0ff u¥of] . o:tf]df Tof] ;fgf] kl/jf/ dxfhgsf] sfd ub}{ 7"nf] dxndf a:bf v'zL xf]nfg\ ls cfkm\g} ;fgf]
3/df a:bf <Æ

lji0f'lje' l3ld/]
l;gfdª\un, sf7df8f}F

1
z'esfdgf Û Û Û
pkGof; …OlGhlgol/ª, clGtd jif{ / /fgLkf]v/LÚ ;;{tL k9\g] df}sf kfPF . pkGof;df k|o'Qm efiff / jfSo–;+/rgf
;/n, ;xh / :jefljs nfUb5g\ . z}nLdf ld7f; 5 . pkGof;sf] k|jfxdf aUb}hfFbf cfkm" To;}leq 8'Ag k'u]sf] kQ} x'Fb}g
. of] cf}kGofl;s ;kmntf xf] .
o; pkGof;n] k|]d–k|0fosf] k[i7e"ldaf6 SofDk; hLjgsf] lrq0f ug{ vf]h]sf] 5, To;}u/L af}l4stfsf] plrt sb/
gx'Fbf g]kfnsf] af}l4s hdftdf pTkGg g}/fZo, ;dfhdf x'ls{Psf] unt dfgl;stf / cj;/sf] cefjsf sf/0f
af}l4sju{ ljb]z knfogtk{m cfslif{t aGb}uPsf] lttf] oyfy{, clg ljb]zdf k|fKt cj;/ tyf :jtGqtf / :jb]zk|]dsf]
efjgf aLrsf] cGtå{GånfO{ pkGof;sf/n] ;kmntfk"j{s k|:t't u/]sf] kfOG5 .
g]kfnL o'jf hgzlQm oxfF ljBdfg ljleGg lsl;dsf ljs[lt, lj;ª\ult / unt dfgl;stfaf6 k/flht ag]/ x/];
vfg] xf]Og To;sf lj?4df 86]/ n8\g'k5{ eGg] pkGof;sf] cfzonfO{ cem :ki6 kfg{ vf]h]sf] eP ;'gdf ;'uGw x'g]
lyof] . tyflk pkGof; ;du|df ;kmn 5 . pkGof;sf/sf] snd eljiodf cem ltvfl/F+b} hfg]5 eGg] ljZjf; / xflb{s
z'esfdgfsf ;fy pkGof;sf/nfO{ xflb{s awfO{ Û Û

u0f]z l3ld/] …dfld{sÚ

dWok'/ l7dL, eQmk'/

2
n]vsåosf sndaf6
olb of] syf xfdL b'O{hgf dfq ldn]/ n]v]sf xf}F eGof}F eg] kbf{ k5fl8sf w]/} tflQFb}+ ;]nfpFb} u/]sf snd /
lbdfudfly cGofo x'g]5 . s'/f @)^@ dª\l;/lt/sf] xf] . ev{/ l;l4Psf] lyof] OlGhlgol/ª . af6f] df]l8Psf] lyof] ljwfyL{
hLjgaf6 Pp6f cleef/f af]Sg] sfFwtkm{ . Toltv]/ k9\g] lstfax¿ lyPgg, ug]{ sfd lyPg . Psflt/ OlGhlgo/
ePsf]df pT;fx lyof], csf]{lt/ a]sf/ a:g'k5{ ls eGg] 8/ . clg ;do s6fpg] Pp6fdfq} 7fpF sn]h cufl8sf] Sofkm] .
sf]xL eljiok|lt lrGtf b]vfpFy], sf]xL ljb]z hfg] :jl0f{d ;kgf, clg sf]xL eg] hflu/ vf]Hb}hfFbfsf x08/x¿ ;'gfpFy],
sf]xL xf]:6naf6 aflx/ sf]7f vf]Hbfsf] kL8f . jf:tjd} hLjg ;ª\3if{ /x]5 .
Ps lbg s'/f rNof]– ljleGg ef]ufOnfO{ Pp6f s[ltsf] ¿kdf pEofpg] / ef]ufOnfO{ s]lGb|t u/]/ Pp6} laDadf
hf]8\g] . /fgLkf]v/L Tof] laDalaGb' aGof] . To;a]nf xfdL k|f=cle ;'j]bLsf n]vx¿af6, ljz]iftM tL n]vx¿sf zLif{saf6
k|efljt lyof}F . of] zLif{s km'g{'df zfob To;}sf] xft 5 . n]vgsf] z'?jft ldq lbk]g rfkfufOFsf tkm{af6 ePsf] lyof]
pQm zLif{sdf t/ zfob xfdL;Fu ljifoj:t' ;fgf] lyof] Toltv]/ . ;fgf] syfdf s[lt agfpg] ;fdYo{ lyPg xfdLdf . of]
zLif{sdf rf/ kfFrj6f syfx¿ t emfª\lug gkfOsg} cf]OlnPsf 5g\ . kl5 xfd|f] ;fdYo{df dnhn eof] eg] /fgLkf]v/L–
@ glgSn]nf eGg klg ;lsGg .
;do laTb} uof] / sfFwn] vf]h]sf] cleef/f xfdLn] kfof}F . clg dfq kQf nfUof]– Pp6f OlGhlgo/ slt dxTjk"0f{
x'G5 b]zsf] nflu / s;/L JolQmsf] eljio;Fu b]zsf] eljio hf]l8Psf] x'G5 / Tof] g} aGof] o; s[ltsf] ljifoj:t' .
o'jfx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj ug'{kg]{ ePsfn] ;/n efiff / xn'sf z}nL jfG5gLo lyof] . n]Vb}hfFbf kQf] nfUof]– xfd|f]
af]lnrfnLsf] efiff s;/L ¿kfGtl/t eP;s]sf] /x]5 . af]lnrfnLs} efiff k|of]u ug]{ xfd|f] ;f]rfOsf sf/0f cª\u|]hL
zAbx¿ k|of]udf cfPsf 5g\ . k"/} syf oyfy{k/s ePsfn] s'g} klg kfqdf gfosTj 5}g, dfq kfqx¿nfO{ kl/l:yltn]
8f]¥ofPsf] b]vfpg vf]h]sf 5f}F . v'n:t eGg'kbf{ xfdLn] x/]s kfqnfO{ ;fdfGo g]kfnL o'jf agfpg vf]h]sf 5f}F .
cGTodf of] k|of;nfO{ ;do lbO{ e"ldsf n]vL ;xof]u u/L lbg'x'g] >L lji0f'lje' l3ld/], k|ltlqmof lbg'x'g] >L u0f]z
l3ld/] …dfld{sÚ tyf tof/Lsf] qmddf ;'emfj tyf k|ltlqmof lbg] ;fyLx¿ lbk]g rfkfufOF, /f]zg k|;fOF, ;'/]z kf}8]n,
dlGbk cof{n / /Iff >]i7nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}F . cfb/0fLo u'? g/gfy n'OF6]nnfO{ ;xof]usf] nflu / zLif{s
km'/fpgdf xfdL PsnJosf nflu b|f]0ffrfo{ aGg'ePsf k|f=cle ;'j]bLnfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}F . bfO /d]z l3ld/]sf]
ct'ngLo ;xof]u / efO k|eft kf]v/]nnfO{ cfj/0f lrq tof/L / pkGof; n]vgsf] l;nl;nf rln/xFbf /flqk|x/df k|fKt
ld7f] lrofsf] nflu wGojfb lbg rfxG5f}F .
dgf]h l3ld/]
/lht cf]emf

3
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O8fxfcf] ;w}Fh:t} cfh klg lr;f] lyof] . cfkm\gf xSo'{lnog 5fltx¿df kSsf, bl/nf / nfDrf ;8s af]s]/ ToxLFg}
jiff+}{b]lv crn lyof] . /ftdf af6f] 5]psf NofDkkf]i6x¿ uw{g em'sfP/ cfh klg an]sf cfFvfn] s]xL vf]Hb} lyP .
PSsfl; d]/f] df]afOn aHof] . cg'k /}Ú5 .
æcfh sxfF e]6\g] <Æ p;n] xtfl/Fb} ;f]Wof] .
æToxLF t xf]nf lg, ;w}F e]6\g] 7fpFdf .Æ
æxf], ToxLF hfcf}F dnfO{ kmfK5 ToxfF .Æ
ætFnfO{ t hxfF klg kmfK5 lg ÛÆ
æxf== xf== xf===Æ d Ps rf]l6 nfdf] xfF;f] xfF;]F .
æl;sf g of/ xfdLnfO{ klg .Æ
æd Pp6f ;Rrf k|f]km];gn, bz 8n/ k/ cfj/ nfU5 .Æ
æw]/} gs/f, ef] l;lSbg To:tf d'nf .Æ
æs] d'nf, of] < :ofnnfO{ cª\u'/ cldnf] eg] h:tf] u5{, oxL t xf] lg ;fyL nfOkm eg]sf] .Æ
æt]/f nflu .Æ
æn n eof], cfpFbf ;f]gfd / ljsf;nfO{ klg kmf]g u/ x} t . pt} e]6f}Fnf afO{ .Æ
cfhsf] z'qmaf/ ;w}F h:t} xfd|f] of]hgf aGof] o'ySna hfg] . oxL Ps /ft xf] xKtfel/df, xfdL dfG5] eP/ afFRg] .
jfOg, k'n, l8:sf], xKtfdf log} t x'g\ rf/ kfFr 306f . s:68L -k'5\g] sfd_ sf] sfd ;s]/ g'xfP/ d xtf/xtf/ cfk\mgf]
af6f] nfu]+ . ToxfF k'Ubf t s]6fx¿ ;a} cfO;s]sf .
æs] 5 s]6f xf] <Æ ;a}n] xft ldnfof}F .
æcfh s:tf] rSn]6 vfg] t <Æ cg'kn] dnfO{ xfF:b} ;f]Wof] .
æx]b}{ hfcf] .Æ d klg xfF:b} cl3 a9]F .
xftdf PsPs Unf; jfOg lnP/ xfdL k'nxfp;lt/ l5¥of}F . k'nxfp;lt/ Tolt eL8 lyPg . xfdL rf/hgf
;fyLx¿ k'n v]Nb} lyof}F . xf], TolQv]/ g} t xf] lg d}n] Sofyl/gnfO{ b]v]sf] . 6f9faf6 x]bf{ Tolt /fd|L t xf]Og t/ PSnL
s]6LnfO{ s'gfdf a;]/ lkO/fv]sf] b[ion] dnfO{ cfslif{t u¥of] . ;w}F h:t}, afgLn] ljjz d, y]luO/xg ;lsgF . p;sf]
glhs} uP/ a;]F / Ps k]u jfOg c8{/ u/]F .
æPSn} xf] <Æ
d}n] z'? u/]F t/ p;n] jf:tf ul/g . cfkm\g} w'gdf lkO/x]sL lyO{ . Tolta]nf d}n] p;nfO{ glhs}af6 lgofNg] df}sf
kfPF . glhsaf6 eg] cnL /fd|L lyO{ . unf;Ddsf] v}/f] skfn, r'Rrf] gfs, uf]/f] t/ 5\ofs]–5\ofs] k/]sf] 5fnf, pd]/
eg] aL;–afO;lt/sL x'g'k5{ . t/ dnfO{ ;a}eGbf p;sf] cf]7n] nf]EofPsf] lyof] . l6lkSs k/]sf], /ftf] u'nfasf] kq
h:tf] . x\jL:sLsf] /;df ntkltP/ slt /l;nf] ePsf] lyof] d]/f] cfhsf] rSn]6 . d}n] dgdg} ud]F– d]/f] cfhsf] ;do
a/afb x'g]jfnf 5}g .
æoqf] pd]/df klg ltdLn] cfkm"nfO{ d]G6]g u/]sL /lx5\of}, ltdL lgSs} g} a}Fzfn' b]lvG5\of} .Æ
of] d]/f] cr's c:q lyof], s]6Lx¿;Fu s'/f z'? ug]{ . s]6Lx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] pd]/sf] w]/} dxTj x'G5 .
æltd|f] cy{ s] xf] <Æ
o;kfln klg d]/f] c:q v]/ uPg . kfPsf] df}sf d lsg 5f]8\y]F / Û
ælsg, ltdL ;Q/L jif{sL xf]Ogf} / < eujfg\n] ltdLnfO{ agfpg slDtdf klg krf; jif{ nufof] xf]nf .Æ
æ/fd|f] lksck nfOg /x]5 .Æ pm s6fIf ub}{ xfF;L . zfob p;nfO{ yfxf lyof], cfkm" slt /fd|L 5' eGg] .
æPSn} lsg <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F .
æd sxfF PSn} 5' t <Æ
æsf];Fu t <Æ d cnL ;ts{ ePF .
æltdL;Fu .Æ pm xfF;L . df]/L t d eGbf l56L /lx5] .
æk'n v]Ng hfcf}F g t, d]/f ;fyLx¿ klg 5g\ .Æ
æsf] < tL s]6fx¿ ÛÆ p;n] kms]{/ x]b}{ ;f]wL .
æxf] .Æ
æs]6fx¿;Fu <Æ

4
 æxf] t/ dnfO{ unt ga'em . d u] xf]Og .Æ
pm km]l/ xfF;L, d]/f] rSn]6df j]km/ yk] h:tf] lyof] .
æhfcf}F g t, k'n v]Ng] u/]sf] 5}g <Æ
æTo:tf] s]6fs]6Ln] v]Ng] u/]sf] 7fpFdf d hfg] u/]sf] 5}g .Æ
æsxfF hfG5\of} t ltdL <Æ
æl8:sf], hfg] eP l8:sf] hfcf}F .Æ
d}n] lsg gdfGg' lyof] /, p;nfO{ cl3 nufP/ d kl5–kl5 nfu]F . s]6fx¿nfO{ 6f9}af6 afO{ . xfF:b} lyP df]/fx¿ .
l8:sf] tflt;s]sf] lyof] .Æ;]s of]/ af]g–af]gÆ l/SsL dfl6{gsf] of] gDa/;Fu} t?gfx¿ d:t eO;s]sf lyP . pm klg
d]/f] xft ;dft]/ xQkQ xfdkmfnL xfnL . /fd|f] gfRbL/lx5] df]/L, sDd/ dsf{pFb} dsf{pFb} uLtn] eg]sf] dfGb}lyO{ . s]xLa]/
gfr]kl5 xfdL yfSof}F . p;n] dnfO{ af/lt/ tfgL . d}n] jfOg dfu]F, p;n] x\jL:sL .
æs] s]6Ln] h:tf] jfOg vfPsf] <Æ p;n] ;f]wL .
ædnfO{ x\jL:sLsf] :jfb dg kb}{g . jfOg vfg /dfOnf], x\jL:sL vfPkl5 /dfOnf] .Æ
ædnfO{ t dg k5{, x\jL:sLsf] :jfb ÛÆ p;n] Ps 3'6\sf] :jf§ kf/L . p;sf] /ftf] cf]7 x\jL:sLdf ntkltP/ cem
/l;nf] ePsf] lyof] .
æ;fgf]df rSn]6 w]/} vfGYof} xf] <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F .
ælsg <Æ
ægvfg] ePsf] eP ltd|f] cf]7 rSn]6 hlQsf] /l;nf] x'g] lyPg xf]nf .Æ
ægvfO{ yfxf kfPsf] <Æ
æs]xL lrhx¿sf] :jfb x]/]/} yfxf x'G5 .Æ
æltdL w]/} ukm lbG5f}, t/ d c? s]6L h:tf] xf]Og . d o:tf]df km'ls{Gg .Æ
dnfO{ yfxf lyof] of] s'g} gofF s'/f xf]Og . ;a} s]6Lx¿ cfkm"nfO{ c?eGbf cnu, gkm's{g] ;f]Rb5g\ . t/ o;nfO{
zfob yfxf 5}g, of] s'g bhf{sf] lzsf/Lsf] cufl8 5] eg]/ . of] lzsf/L lzsf/ x]/]/ rfn abNg] u5{ .
æt/ d t ;fFrf] af]Nb}5' .Æ d}n] km]l/ klg rf/f] k\mofFs]F .
æxf]Og .Æ
ælsg <Æ
ædnfO{ d}n] klg b]v]sL 5' .Æ
æt/ ;'Gb/tf t x]g]{ dfG5]sf] cfFvfdf e/ k5{ .Æ
æ;flxTosf/x¿sf] .Æ
æd klg t xf] lg .Æ
æP ÛÆ
æxf]Og xf xf xf==== TolQs} eg]sf] .Æ d xfF;]F .
æxf], ltdL ;w}F ukm lbG5f} .Æ
æcl3 dfq xf] .Æ
æ;fFRr} <Æ
ædnfO{ sGkmd{ x'g b]pm g t .Æ
æs] <Æ
ærSn]6 xf] ls xf]Og eg]/ .Æ
pm d':s'/fO{, d}n] :jLs[lt kfPF . cfxf Û slt ld7f] rSn]6 Û cem egf}F Sof8\a/L / x\jL:sLsf] :jfb ld;fPsf] .
w]/}a]/ cndlnof] rSn]6df, kl5 x]bf{ kf] d]/f ;fyLx¿ klg cfO;s]sf . gfRb}5g\ df]/fx¿, PSn} Û u/L gvfg] eP
logLx¿n] .
b'j}n] w]/} lkO;s]sf lyof}F . p;nfO{ t nfuL;s]sf] h:tf] lyof] . t/ dnfO{ clxn];Dd p;sf] gfd klg yfxf lyPg
. oxfF gfdsf] vf;} dxTj x'Fb}g . cfjZostfsf] dfq x'G5 .
æltd|f] gfd s] xf] <Æ
ælsg <Æ p;n] hf]lzFb} egL .
æs'g km\ofS6«Lsf] rSn]6 /x]5 eg]/ .Æ
æxf xf xf===Æ pm km]l/ xfF;L :jR5Gb eP/, nfl8Psf] :j/df, nl¶Psf] klg x'g ;S5 .

5
 æSofyl/g .Æ
æd /f]zg .Æ
p;n] vf;} jf:tf ul/g . g]kfnL km\ofS6«L dg gk/]sf] klg x'g ;S5 .
æd lkmlK6Gy 8fpgxn OG8df a:5' .Æ
æglhs} /x]5 t sf]7f .Æ o;kfln eg] p;n] jf:tf u/L .
æglhs} klg, /fd|f] klg 5 . d}n] OG6]l/o/ l8hfOg u/]sf] 5' sf]7fdf, x]g{ hfg] xf] <Æ
æltdL c;fWo} l56f] /x]5f} .Æ
æxf], dnfO{ :kL8 dg k5{ .Æ
æclg ukm lbg <Æ
æltdL lsg To:tf] eG5\of} <Æ
æzfob ltd|f] lgot d}n] a'em]sf] eP/ .Æ
æltd|f] klg, lsg ltdLnfO{ rSn]6 dg k/]g / <Æ
æ7Ls}, t/ dnfO{ a]Un} :jfb dg k5{ .Æ
æagfpg l;sfpFb}gf} t <Æ
æd]/f] AjfOk|m]G8;Fu l;s .Æ
æd}n] elg;s]F t, d u] xf]Og eg]/ .Æ
æd]/f] AjfOk|m]G8 klg, d}n] vfpm eg]sf] xf]Og, l;s dfq eg]sf] .Æ
pm ;/f;/ cufl8 nfuL . d kl5kl5 p;sf] sf/df uP/ a;]F . of] xKtfsf] z'qmaf/ klg clhª\u/nfO{ b}jn] cfxf/f
k'¥ofOlbP h:tf] 5 .

æx]/ d]/f] l8hfOg .Æ sf]7fdf k'u]/ d}n] eg]F .

æukmf8L Û dnfO{ l8hfOgdf s'g} ?lr 5}g .Æ p;n] d':s'/fpFb} egL .
ædnfO{ klg, lao/ vfg] xf] <Æ lk|mh vf]Nb} d}n] k|Zg u/]F .
æx\jL:sL 5}g <Æ pm vf6df klN6O;s]sL lyO{ .
æ5}g .Æ
æTo;f] eP rSn]6 g} vfpFm .Æ pm d':s'/fO{ .
o:tf] s'/fdf d w}/} g} cf1fsf/L 5' . cfh O8fxfcf]sf] hf8f] w]/} g} dYy/ ePsf] 5 .

cfh klg Pnfd{ ToxL ;dodf aHof] . of] lr;f]df s;/L p7\g] xf]nf < dfG5] afgL k5{ eG5g\, laxfg p7\g]
dfdnfdf eg] d slxNo} afgL k¿Fnf h:tf] 5}g . ;w}F o:t} efjgf cfpF5 . cfTdan alnof] agfpFb} d}n] sf]N6] km]b}{ xft
cl3 a9fPF . Pnfd{ aGb ubf{sf] 5]j}sf] :kz{n] d em;ª\u ePF . lxhf] t Sofyl/g klg kf] cfPsL lyO{ t .
d}n] 6fpsf] p7fP/ p;nfO{ km]l/ x]/]F . lgGb|fdf d:t 5] pm . lgbfpFbf emg} /fd|L . klxnf] rf]6L b]v]eGbf w]/} g} /fd|L
eO;s]sL lyO{ Tof] . dnfO{ cS;/ o:t} x'g] u5{ . ;fFRr} g} ;'Gb/tf x]g]{ dfG5]sf] cfFvfdf x'g] u5{ . gq pm t lxhf]sf]
h:tL g} xf], clxn] lsg olt /fd|L t < cfxf Û emg Tof] cf]7 . dnfO{ s]6Lx¿sf] ;a}eGbf dg kg]{ cª\u cf]7, slt
ldnfP/ agfPsf] Û clnslt km/s k/] klg gx'g] h:tf] . eujfg\sf] ;do hlt ;a} s]6L agfpFbf vr{ ePkl5 c? kz'
stfaf6 /fd|f x'Gy] t <
Æu'8 dlg{Ë .Æ p;n] d]/f] tGb|f eË u/L .
æu'8 dlg{Ë .Æ d}n] klg pQ/ kmsf{PF . df]/LnfO{ km]l/ rSn]6 vfg'k¥of] . t/ lxhf]sf] h:tf] :jfb 5}g o;df .
æltdL sxfFaf6 cfPsf] xf] <Æ aNn rf;f] nfu]5 d]/f] af/]df .
æg]kfnÆ
æP Û g]kfn <Æ
p;nfO{ yfxf /x]5, gq ;u/dfyfsf] / uf}td a'4sf] gfdn] cfkm"nfO{ lrgfpFbf lrgfpFbf lbSs eO;s]sf] lyPF .
æd ToxfF hfg rfxG5', /fd|f] 5 /] xf]Og <Æ
æs]nfO{ /fd|f] eGg] < dnfO{ t oxfFg} /fd|f] nfu]/ cfPsf] .Æ
æx}g, k|s[lt, hª\un, NofG8:s]k, 6«]lsË ug{ w]/} /dfOnf] 5 eG5g\ t .Æ
æltdLx¿nfO{ k};f lt/Llt/L b'Mv kfpg lsg dg nfu]sf] <Æ

6
 æs:tf] b'Mv <Æ
æTof] kxf8sf] psfnf]–cf]/fnf] d/L–d/L lxF8\g' ;'v xf] t <Æ
æ;'veGbf klg /dfOnf] xf] . P8\e]Gr/ . P ;fFrL, ltd|} b]zdf xf]Og, dfp06 Pe/]i6 eg]sf] < ltdL r9]sf 5f} <Æ
d}n] ;xg ;lsgF . xfF;f] 5'l6xfNof] . sf7df8f}Fd} hGd]/ EofnL aflx/ t b'O{ tLgk6s dfq lg:s]sf] dfG5]nfO{ pm
;u/dfyfsf] s'/f ub}{5] .
æ5}g, dnfO{ Tof] r9\g dg} nfUb}g .Æ d}n] klg lbPF bgs .
æP Û clg ltdL :6'8]G6 xf]Og < s] k9\b}5f} <Æ
æO8fxfcf] :6]6 o'lgel;{6Ldf OGefO/f]d]G6n OlGhlgol/ª ÛÆ
æaf]l/ª /x]5 .Æ
ælsg <Æ
æs] /dfOnf] x'G5 t To:tf] k9fO <Æ
æk9fO / bafO{ slxNo} /dfOnf xF'b}gg\ .Æ d}n] 6«]l8;gn PG;/ kmsf{PF .
æltdL 3/ hfg] a]nfdf dnfO{ va/ u/ x}, 5'§L ldn] d klg hfG5' .Æ
ædf]afOn gDa/ 5f]8\g] axfgf vf]h]sf] <Æ d}n] p;nfO{ lh:SofPF .
æltdL cfkm"df cnL cf]e/slGkm8]G6 5f} .Æ
æ/f]zg Pp6f Pl8S;g xf] .Æ pm xfF;L, lrQ a'em]/ jf ga'emL d}n] 5'6\ofpg ;lsgF .
æxf]Og dnfO{ ;fFRr} g]kfn 3'Dg hfg dg 5 . ltdL kmls{+bf eg x} .Æ d]/f] df]afOndf cfk\mgf] gDa/ ;]e ul/lbFb}
p;n] egL .
ælsg kmls{g] < d t ot} xf] ca .Æ
æ3/ gkmls{g] < lsg <Æ
ædnfO{ oxLF dg k5{ . ltdLnfO{ g]kfn dg k5{ eg]sf] xf]Og < ltdL hfp g t .Æ
æhfG5', ltdL geP klg hfG5' . t/ kmls{xfN5' . clg ltd|f] :6'8]G6 le;f eg]sf] xf]Og t Û s;/L a:5f} <Æ
æltdL;Fu lax] u/]/ .Æ
æd]/f] AjfO{k|]mG8 5 .Æ p;n] d':s'/fpFb} egL .
ælu|gsf8{ kfPkl5 l8ef];{ u/f}Fnf lg t .Æ
æslQ af7f], dnfO{ xtf/ 5, d nfu]F .Æ
ækm]l/ e]6f}Fnf .Æ
ædnfO{ nfUb}g, d]/f] AjfOk|m]G8 csf]{ xKtf kmls{b} 5 .Æ
æclg km]l/ slxn] hfG5 <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F .
pm xfF;L clg 9f]sf 9\ofDd kf/]/ sf/df x'OFlsO{ . :kL8 p;nfO{ klg dg k5{ Sof/] .

b'O{
sfd ;s]/ d Gofgf] n'ufdf uDd k/]/ af6flt/ nlDsPF . cxf] s:tf] lr;f], d'6' 5]8\nf h:tf] . lxpFsf ;–;fgf s0f
s;}n] 5/]h:tf] Û jftfj/0f w'Dd k/]sf] lyof], w]/} 6f9f;Dd gb]lvg] . dfq uf8Lsf x]8nfO6x¿ rDsFb} lyP . kx]Fnf]
lztn k|sfz kmofFSb} rdsrds . klxnf–klxnf t /dfOnf] nfUYof] t/ clxn] sdg ePsf] 5 . sdgeGbf gofF lsg
dg kg]{ xf]nf dflg;nfO{ <
lr;f]n] s7ofª\lu|g vf]h]sf d]/f xftnfO{ kGhfsf] ;fGTjgf lbFb} d}n] xftnfO{ :6]ol/Ëlt/ a9fPF . cfh uf8L
:kL8df s'bfO/x]sf] 5' d . xtf/ 5 dnfO{, c? ;fyLx¿ cfO;s] xf]nfg\ . cfh t hf8f] 5, h] knf{–knf{ ef]8\sf vfG5'
cfh t .
æx] 8\o'8\; .Æ d}n] ;a}nfO{ clejfbg u/]F . cg'dfg u/]h:t} ;a} ;fyLx¿ cfO;s]sf /x]5g\ .
æxfdL Pp6f Knfg agfpFb}5f}F, cfzf 5 t+}Fn] ;fy lbG5;\ .Æ
æ/f]zg Knfgx¿df k|f]And xf]Og, /f]zg k|f]Andx¿df ;f]No';g xf] . s:tf] Knfg xf] <Æ
æef]ln labf, ;N6 n]sl;6L 3'Dg hfg] Knfg xf] .Æ

7
 æwt\, o:tf] of]hgfdf d}n] lsg ;fy glbg' t, e|d0f t d]/f] ?lrleqsf] s'/f xf] .Æ
æd}n] klg ToxL eg]sf] .Æ cg'kn] km]l/ eGof] .
æclg s] ef] t <Æ
ælogLx¿ ghfg] c/] .Æ cg'kn] k|df]b / ljsf;nfO{ b]vfof] .
ælsg <Æ
æ;N6 n]sl;6Ldf lxpF k5{ eg]sf] 5 of/ .Æ k|sfzn] :ki6Ls/0f lbof] .
æ;u/dfyfsf] 5f]/f eP/ lxpF b]vL 8/fpg] < lxpF v]Ng] 7fpFdf lxpF gk/]/ s] k5{ t <Æ
æef] ef] gs/f, h] xf];\ xfdL rflxF ghfg] .Æ
ck7\of/f]df kmn]sf] km;L{ Û d}n] dgdg} ;f]r]F . vfgfsf ;fy;fy} xfdLn] w]/} jfbljjfb klg u¥of}F . sf]xL xfg]{jfnf
lyPg . olt a]nfsf] v'g g} To:t} x'G5, plDnxfNg] Û h;n] h] eg] klg gdfGg] . cGTodf dg nfUg] hlt hfg] dg gnfUg]
rflx+F ghfg] eof}F . d / cg'k;lxt 5hgf hfg]df k¥of}F . c? tLghgf h'nL, a|fG8L / yf]d; . :yfgLo, blnt / dlxnf
sf]6fdf k/]sf Û
æltdLnfO{ lxpFdf 8/ nfUb}g <Æ hfg] a]nfdf a|fG8L ;f]Wb} lyO{ .
ædfp06 Pe/]i6sf] gfd ;'g]sL 5\of} <Æ
ælstfadf k9]sf] 5' .Æ
æd To;df r9]sf] 5' . of] hfaf] t s]xL klg xf]Og . ltdL klg g8/fpm, d x'G5' lg ltd|f] Vofn ug]{ .Æ d}n] klg
nfOb]F ukm .
æwGojfb .Æ pm d';'Ss xfF:b} cfkm\gf] af6f] nfuL .
æd]/f] ef]lnsf] hflu/ .Æ Pkf6{d]G6 kmls{b} ubf{ d}n] cg'knfO{ eg]F .
æxf] < To;f] eP d h'nLnfO{ 6«fO{ u/f}F t <Æ
æof] xA;LnfO{ s] u5{;\ lg <Æ d]/f] O{zf/f yf]d;lt/ lyof] .
æTof] lkm:6L h'nLn] of] /fIf;eGbf t dnfO{ g} dg k/fpnL lg .Æ
æs]6Lx¿nfO{ l6=eL=sf] :qmLg x}g, l/df]6;Fu dtna x'G5 . tFnfO{ ufx|f] 5 .Æ
ægs/f .Æ p;nfO{ zfob d]/f s'/f /dfOnf nfu]gg\ . ;fFRr} yf]d; chËsf] lyof], 7"nf xftv'§f, rf}8f 5ftL–
x'g'kg]{ ;a} 7fpFdf df+zk]zL ldn]sf], n§f k/]sf] skfn clg c;fWo} sfnf] Hofg, zfob} eujfg\n] olt sf]Onf xfNnfg\
ca agfpg] hLpx¿df . cFWof/f]df cfFvf / bfFt dfq b]lvGYof] . ;Fu}df h'nL eg] lkm:6L lyO{ . ;]tf] 5fnf, s}nf] skfn,
v}/f] cfFvfn] eg] :jefljs cfs{if0f lbPsf lyP . a|fG8L eg] kfSsk'Ss k/]sL lyO{, w]/} df]6L t xf]Og t/ 7"nf] r]x]8f
u/]sL .
æd klg ;'gf}F g ukm .Æ yf]d;n] g]kfnL gaf]Ng cfu|x u¥of] . chËsf] eP klg ;fx|} ldhfl;nf] 5 df]/f] .
æd a|fG8Lsf] af/]df s'/f ub}{ lyPF, dnfO{ Tof] c;fWo} dg k5{ .Æ
æP xf] < t/ dnfO{ t h'nL dg k5{ . ef]ln d p;nfO{ l8g/ ckm/ u5'{ . dfGnL lg xlu <Æ
ædflgxfN5] lg Û tF h:tf] laN6 ck, alnof] dfG5] t h;n] klg dg k/fpF5 lg . ef]ln eg\ km/s hfFb}g .Æ
cg'kn] d]/f] kfv'/fdf d'Ssf ahfpg yfn]kl5 d}n] s'/f cGoq df]8]F .
æ;fFRrL cfh t]/f] uf8L s] ePsf] <Æ
æUof/]hdf 5f]8]sf] 5, yf]/} k|f]And cfof] .Æ
æh'nLn] lnkm\6 b]nL eg]/ t xf]Og <Æ pm nhfof] . d eg] yf]d; pq]kl5 cg'kaf6 s;/L aRg] eGg] ;f]Rb} lyPF .
yf]d;nfO{ 5f]8]/ xfdL cg'ksf] Pkf6{d]G6 cufl8 cfOk'Uof}F . plqFb} ubf{ p;n] b[9tfsf ;fy eGof] .
ætF x]b}{ hf, ef]ln h'nL d;Fu} x'G5] .Æ
d}n] d':s'/fpFb} uf8L cfkm\gf] Pkf6{d]G6lt/ kmsf{PF .

cfh eg] dnfO{ Pnfd{sf] klxnf] 306L klg Kof/f] nfUof] . d}n] p7\gnfO{ ;do v]/ kmflngF . t/ of] hf8f]df g'xfpg]
s;/L < d}n] kl5Nnf] k6s cfkm"n] slxn] g'xfPsf] xf] eg]/ ;Demgf ug{ vf]h]F . clg sfvLlt/ gfs 8f]¥ofPF=== cf===
;+;f/ ToxL s'/fdf ljZjf; u5{ h'g p;n] b]Vg] u5{ . zfob a|fG8L klg Û a8L :k|]sf] ;s];Ddsf] d2t lnP/ ;a}eGbf
;kmf n'uf nufO;s]kl5 d a|fG8Lsf] Pkf6{d]G6lt/ nfu]F . x'g t cg'ksf] Pkf6{d]G6 glhs} kg]{ xf] t/ uf8Lsf] cl3Nnf]
l;6df t d}n] a|fG8LnfO{ /fVg'kg]{ lyof] . a|fG8L klg 7Ls kl/;s]sL /lx5] .

8
 ædfp06 Pe/]i6 r9\gnfO{ lxF8]sf] xf] <Æ d}n] p;sf] njfO{ lgofNb} k|Zg u/]F . p;sf] njfO{ To:t} lyof] . z]kf{
bfOn] nufpg] aVv' h:t} . Ps t e'SsL To;dfly To:tf] 8«];ck Û es'08f] b]lvPsL lyO{ . Ps nft xfGof] eg] l;w}
;N6 n]sl;6L g} k'UnL h:tf] .
æltdL r9]sf] 7fpF xf]Og < g]kfn 3'Dg hfFbf d klg hfg]5' ToxfF .Æ
æhfln; df]/L ;u/dfyfÆ d}n] dgdg} eg]F .
æltdLn] lsg To:tf] eg]sf] <Æ p;n] zfob d}n] lh:SofPsf] a'lemg .
æltd|f] sk8f b]v]/ . cf]e/ sl;o; eof} ls h:tf] nfUof] .Æ
æxf]Og, d hf8f] ;xg ;lSbg To;}n], udL{ eP km'sfnf}Fnf g .Æ
xfdL ukm ub}{ cg'ksf]df k'lu;s]sf lyof}F . d}n] uf8L /f]s]F . crDd Û c? klg cfP5g\ . h'nL / yf]d; ;Fu} lyP
cg'k eg] cnUu} al;/x]sf] lyof] . cfh rfF8f] ePF eg]sf] Tof] klg Û
ælsg s]6f xf], d'8 r]GH8 <Æ
æcfh df};d lalu|b}g /] Tolt .Æ k|df]bn] k|i6\ofof] . dnfO{ yfxf 5 of] k|df]bsf] ukm xf] . p;sf] efp vf]Hg] afgL
5, c?nfO{ klg o;}n] e8\sfPsf] xf] lxhf] . efp gkfPkl5 cfof] n'?n'? .
a|fG8Ln] uf8L rnfpF5' egL, h'nL yf]d; / k|df]b csf]{ uf8Ldf uPkl5 cg'k eg] xfd|f] uf8Ldf cfP/ a:g} k¥of] .
æh'nL vf]O t <Æ d cg'knfO{ glh:SofO/xg ;lsg .
æyf]d;;Fu} uO{ .Æ d ;xg g;s]/ hf]8n] xfF;] . cg'ksf] cg'xf/ x]g{ dg nfu]g, kSs} Tof] /ftf] xf]nf l/; / nfhn]
.
æs] eof] / <Æ d]/f] 7"nf] xfF;f]n] zfob a|fG8Lsf] Wofg dlt/ lvRof] .
æs]xL xf]Og, /fd|f] 8«fOe/n] ukmdf Wofg lbFb}g .Æ d}n] p;sf] WofgnfO{ ;8sd} kmsf{pg] k|of; u/]F .
æk|df]b k'Nrf]seGbf yf]/} klg ;'w|]sf] 5}g x} < clxn] klg ;fgf]–;fgf] s'/fdf efp vf]H5 .Æ
;fFRr}g} cg'ksf] s'/f 7Ls lyof] . ;fgf] s'/fnfO{ klg lgs} hl6n ¿kn] x]g]{ x'gfn] pm d]/f] vf;} glhs lyPg
k'Nrf]sdf, oxfF cfPkl5 t g]kfnleqsf] hf] e]6] klg ;fyL h:tf] nfU5 . emg pm t rf/ jif{ ;Fu} latfPsf] dfG5] lyof]
. k|df]bsf] af/]sf] ukmn] dnfO{ Ps l5g eP klg k'Nrf]s SofDk; kmsf{of] .

cfO{=cf]=O{=,k'Nrf]s SofDk;
@)^!
u]6af6 xtf/ xtf/ ub}{ d cf]/fnf] em/]F . r'gfjdf p7\g vf]Hg]x¿ b'O{rf/ hgf;Fu dg gnfuL gnfuL xft
ldnfpFb} d tn xf]:6]nsf] u]6;Dd eml/;s]sf] lyPF .
:kf]{6\; ljs cfpg cfF6]/ xf]nf k'Nrf]s]x¿df hf]z hfFu/ lyof], u|fp08 vrfvr lyof] . d xf]:6]n l5/]F, ;w}F h:t}
cfh klg lgif]wf1fn] el/Psf] af]8{ k9]F . e\mofna.6 uN;{ xf]:6]nsf s]6Lx¿nfO{ lzzf 6Nsfpg gkfpg], lx6/ afNg
gkfpg] cflb–cflb . @)# æl;Æ cufl8 km'6ansf a'6x¿ / uGxfpg] df]hfx¿ 5/ki6 lyP . Kof;]h l;ª\uf] afUdtL
af]ls/x]sf] lyof] . tLg jif{b]lv o:t} 5 .
æx] d'nfx¿, cfh d:t Dofl/h v]nf}Fnf eg]sf] t s]6fx¿sf] 6k xfGg] ljrf/ cfP5 .Æ 9f]sf 3/Ss vf]Nbf s]6fx¿
l/kf]6{ agfO/x]sf] b]v]kl5 d}n] lh:SofPF .
ægs/f Û lxhf] klg s]6fx¿n] /ftel/ sDKo'6/ 5f]8]gg\ . :6«Sr/sf] P;fOgd]G6 a'emfpg' kb}{g <Æ
d]/f] Wofg eg]+ p;sf af]nLdfeGbf 6]ansf l;=8L=df lyof] .
ægofF xf] <Æ l;=8L= p7fpFb} d}n] k|Zg u/]F .
æd}n] t]/f] nflu skL u/L lbPsf] 5' t/ lKnh of/ cfh geg\ . c? s'g} lbg . d lxh} lbSs eO;s]F x]bf{ x]bf{ .Æ
æ7Ls 5 . bfdgdf lxpF k/]5, cflzif / d t xf]:6]naf6 y'k|} xf]nfg\ eg]/ ;r{ ug{ cfPsf] .Æ d}n] lx6/ afn]/
To;df r'/f]6 ;NsfPF .
æ/dfOnf] x'GYof] of/ . of] P;fOgd]G6 rflx+ slxn] ug]{ lg < Æp;n] d]/f] xftsf] r'/f]6 vf]:b} k|Zg ;f]Wof] .
æ;fg{ kfOxflnG5 lg, lalN8Ë 6]Sgf]nf]hLsf] Snf; / nf:6 a]Gr s]sf nflu <Æ d}n] pkfo lems]F .
æsf] sf] hfg] lni6 agfpmF clg To;kl5 uf8L vf]Hg kf6g hfpFnf .Æ
æ ===clg @)$ af6 k|df]b / lzj] .Æ
æk|df]b hfG5 / <Æ d}n] zª\sf u/]F .
ælsg lg <Æ

9
 æuP/ ;f]w t, ?3f nfu]sf] 5 . lbbLsf]df hfg' 5– o:t}o:t} axfgf agfpnf To;n] .Æ xfdL uof}F .
æk|df]b, bfdg hfg] xf] <Æ
æs] ug{ <Æ
æbfdg s] ug{ hfg' < lxpF v]Ng lg .Æ
ædnfO{ cnL–cnL ?3f nfu]sf] 5, Hj/f] cfpnf h:tf] ePsf] 5 of/ .Æ
k|sfzn] k'n'Ss dlt/ x]¥of] . d}n] xfF;f] yfDg ;lsg .
æn t 7Ls} 5 . Hj/f] cnL lgsf] eP ef]ln laxfg ;f]Rbf klg x'G5 .Æ
d}n] p;nfO{ xl/of] em08f b]vfPF . s'g} gofF s'/f lyPg, laxfg pm xfdL;Fu} lyof] .

ælgbfO; ls Sof xf] <Æ cg'kn] d]/f] 6fpsf]df Kof§ lxsf{Pkl5 d k'Nrf]saf6 o'=P;=P= kms]{+ .
ælsg < tF lgbfpg ;s]sf] 5}g;\ x} < s]xL 5}g ;fyL cem} k"/} lbg afFsL 5 .Æ
æef] gs/f ÛÆ
d]/f] p2]Zo p;sf] df]/fn a'i6ck ug'{ lyof] . t/ pm lrl9Psf] lyof] . d}n] a9L af]Ng' plrt 7flggF . d}n] o;f]
5]pdf a;]sL a|fG8LnfO{ x]/]F . s] x]g'{ < d'l:nd s]6L h:tf], cfFvf / gfs dfq b]lvPsf] 5 . n'uf klg s:tf] nufPsf],
lxGbL lkmNddf t lxpFd} klg :s6{df gfR5g\ t xf} lx/f]Ogx¿, of] rflxF s:tL . jl/kl/ s'g} udL{ 7fpF eP a¿ ToxfF 6'/
hfg' x'GYof] .
æz'? u/ g t t]/f :6]K;x¿, ls d}n] l8:6{a u/]F <Æ cg'k ;]nfO;s]5 Sof/ .
æclg l;sf}Fnf eGbf]xf];\ .Æ d}n] xfF:b} pQ/ kmsf{PF .
æef] ef] tF d'nf klg ukm lbg] t xf];\ lg, ug]{ eP d]/f] cufl8 u/]/ b]vf g .Æ n o;n] t dnfO{ Rofn]Gh kf] u¥of]
af Û
æafhL 7f]S5;\ < d o;nfO{ t]/} cufl8 ls; u/]/ b]vfOlbG5' .Æ
æn t ;o ;o 8n/ .Æ xfdLn] 8g u/]/ xft 7f]Ssfof}F .
d}n] cfkm\gf] lzsf/ o;kfln k[ys 9ª\un] ug]{ ljrf/ u/]F . a|fG8Lsf] d'veGbf ljk/Lt d'06f] kmsf{P/ d aflx/ x]g{
yfn]F r'krfk .
ælsg oqf]a]/;Dd r'k <Æ dfgf}F a|fG8L d}n] g} c/fPsf zAbx¿ af]Nb} lyO{ o;k6s .
æs]xL xf]Og ljutnfO{ ;Dem]sf] .Æ d}n] pQ/ kmsf{PF .
æltdLnfO{ klxnf] k6s olt r'krfk b]v]sf] .Æ zfob pm dnfO{ af]Ng cfu|x ub}{ lyO{ .
ædfG5] aflx/af6 h] b]lvG5 leqaf6 ToxL g} x'g'k5{ eGg] h?/L 5}g lg . jf:tjdf d Psbd uDeL/ dfG5] x'F .Æ
pm Psf]xf]/f] uf8L xfFls/x]sL lyO{ . zfob d]/f] s'/f kTof/ nfu]g . d}n] ;fFrf] af]Ng' gaf]Ng' p:t} xf] . s;}n] kTofO{
g}} lbFb}gg\ .
æuf8Lel/ t ;lhn} a;] klg x'G5 lg,Hofs]6 vf]n]/ .Æ cflv/ dnfO{ klg t df]l6e];g km\ofS6/ rflxof] ukm
km'/fpgnfO{ .
æxf] x} .Æ p;n] Hofs]6 vf]n]/ k5fl8 k\mofFsL, cg'k eg] Wofg lbP/ d]/f] ukm ;'Gb} lyof] . lar/f Û p;nfO{ s] yfxf
of] eg]sf] :jt:km"t{ km'g]{ s'/f xf], /6\g] s'/f xf]Og eg]/ .
æltd|f] lsg sf]xL AjfOk|m]G8 5}g <Æ d}n] PSsfl; ;f]w]F .
ælyof] :s'ndf .Æ p;n] k'n'Ss dlt/ x]/L .
æclg clxn] <Æ
æa|]sck eO;Sof] .Æ
ælsg <Æ
æp;n] deGbf ;'Gb/ sf]xL e]6\of] zfob .Æ p;n] u]o/ r]Gh ub}{ hjfkm lbO{ .
æt]/f] ukmn] cfh xfd|f] PlS;8]G6 x'g] eof] . o;sf] Wofg kSs} klg ca /f]8df 5}g .Æ cg'kn] d]/f] sfg}df ;fptL
u¥of] . t/ a|fG8L eg] xfd|f] ;fptL;Fu clge1 lyO{ . zfob pm klg clttdf g} kf}8Fb} lyO{ . dnfO{ zª\sf t nfu]sf]
lyof], a|fG8L efj's k|sf/sL s]6L xf] eGg] aNn cfh sGkmd{ eof] .
ædnfO{ o'=P;=P=sf] ;'Gb/tfsf] AofVof g} dg kb}{g .Æ d km]l/ cfk\mg} 6lkS;df kms+]{ .
æh:t} <Æ

10
 æh:t} clwsf+z dflg;x¿sf] lbdfudf /fd|L eGg] lalQs} b'AnL, lvl/nL, lrs af]g b]lvg] ufnf, Ao'6L af]g b]lvg]
s'd cfpF5 .Æ
æclg ltd|f] <Æ
ædnfO{ t kfSsk'Ss k/]sf] dg k5{, 7"nf] lhp, 7'N7"nf k'¶f, 7'N7"nf===Æ
æs] ltd|f] Ozf/f dtkm{ xf] <Æ p;n] d]/f] jfSo k"/f x'g lbOg . afhLsf] s'/f yfxf kfO{ ls Sof xf] <
ælsg ltdLnfO{ cfkm" g/fd|L 5' h:tf] nfU5 / <Æ
æg/fd|L g} t xf]Og t/ /fd|L klg 5}g d .Æ
æltd|f] 3/sf] P]gf lau|] h:tf] 5 .Æ
p;n] hjfkm kmsf{Og . zfob d w]/} g} ukm lbO/x]sf] 5' . d efj'stf;Fu ;DjlGwt csf]{ ljifo vf]Hg jfWo ePF .
cfxf Û d}n] e]6]F / o;df t ;Totf klg 5 .
æslxn]sfxLF of] la/fgf] b]zdf dnfO{ d]/f] 3/ kl/jf/sf] w]/} ofb cfpF5 .Æ
p;n] crDd dfg]/ dlt/ x]/L . pmeGbf crDd emg cg'k x'Fb} xf]nf . t/ s] ug'{ km'g{ yfn]kl5 d cfkm\g} jzdf
x'Gg .
æltd|f] kl/jf/df sf] sf] x'g'x'G5 <Æ
g]kfndf eP of] k|Zg crDdsf] x'GYof] . Pp6]} Snf;df eP/ klg xfdLnfO{ Ps csf{sf] kl/jf/sf] af/]df s]xL yfxf
lyPg .
æd a'jf;Fu 5', xfdL b'O{ hgf .Æ ca eg] pm km6fkm6 hjfkm lbFb} lyO{ .
æclg cfdf <Æ
æjxfFn] d]/f] a'jfnfO{ w]/} cufl8 5f]8\g'ePsf] .Æ p;n] ;xh} hjfkm kmsf{O{ .
dnfO{ ;/L eGg dg nfUof] t/ oxfF Tolt jf:tf x'Fb}g .
æltd|f] lg <Æ pm dk|lt klg rf;f] b]vfpFb} lyO{ . ;kmn xF'b}5' d .
æd]/f] t el/e/fp 5 . a'jf, cfdf / Pp6f efO . cfO l/oNnL ld; b]d lxo/ .Æ
ælsg 5f]8]/ cfPsf] t <Æ
æzfob ltdL;Fu e]6 x'g .Æ d}n] ca s'/fsfgLnfO{ xn'sf agfpg] lg0f{o u/]F .
æukmf8L .Æ
æltdLnfO{ crDd nfUof] x} d]/f s'/fx¿ ;'g]/ .Æ
æ;fFRr} ltdL aflx/af6 To:tf] b]lvb}gf}F .Æ
æof] d]/f] ;kmntf xf] .Æ
æltd|f s'/fx¿ ;FfRr} /dfOnf x'G5g, dnfO{ ltd|f] s'/f ug]{ z}nL Psbd dg k5{ .Æ
æclg dnfO{ ltdL .Æ d la:tf/} p;sf] l;6lt/ nlDsPF . p;n] uf8L £ofRr /f]sL . p;sf] ;f;sf] ult a9]sf] d}n]
cfefif kfPF . p;n] la:tf/} cfFvf lrlDnO{ ;d{lkt eP/ . t/ cg'ksf] cfFvf zfob RofltFb}5g xf]nf . t/ d o;nfO{
6«]n/ dfq b]vfpF5' . k"/} lkmNd t dfq d]/f] nflu x'g]5 . d e\mjf§ cfk\mgf] l;6df ;/]F . a|fG8L km]l/ uf8L s'bfpg Ao:t
eO{ . zfob p;n] aNn cg'k k5fl8 5 eGg] rfn kfO{ . cg'k rflxF+ afhL xf/]sf] k};f uGb} xf]nf .
xfdL a]n}df ;N6 n]sl;6L k'Uof}F . k|df]bn] eg] h:tf] Psbd w]/} lxpF k/]sf] t xf]Og t/ O8fxfcf]sf] eGbf w]/} xf] .
uf8L kfs{ u/]/ xfdL 3'Dg lgl:sof}F . c? hf]lzF+b} cl3–cl3 lyP . a|fG8L / d eg] kl5–kl5 . cfh d o;nfO{ lbge/
5f]8\g] 5}g . cg'k cufl8 g} lyof] . zfob p;n] daf6 lyo/L kf6{ l;ls;s] h:tf] 5 . d] la===lx Oh 6«fOË km/
k|flS6sn gfp Û

;]G6«n ;N6 n]sl;6L xfd|f] a|]skmfi6sf] nflu kkm]{S6 :k6 lyof] . ;:tf] / OlG8og xf]6n w]/} ePsf] 7fpF .
a|]skmfi6df d}n] t Ps yfn eft g} ahfOlbPF . xfdL g]kfnLnfO{ efteGbf Kof/f] s]xL x'Fb}g . d}n] d:t;Fun] df5feft
vfPsf] a|fG8L rflxF crDd dfg]/ x]b}{ lyO{ .
ahf/ eg] c;fWo} /dfOnf] /x]5 . k'/ftgsfn / cfw'lgstf cFufnf] df/]/ Ps cfk;df clejfbg ug{df Ao:t
h:tf] . rfSnf af6fx¿, a8]dfgsf Ps} lsl;dsf 3/x¿ t/ ;hfj6sf k|sf/x¿ leGb} dfgf}F d ;o jif{kl5sf]
eStk'/df l5/]sf] lyPF . jf:tjdf cfh dnfO{ g]kfn cgf}7f] lsl;dn] 3/L3/L ofb cfpFb} lyof] .

11
 ;fx|} /dfOnf] eof] lbge/ . /flt kmls{g] a]nfdf eg] km]l/ ljjfb rls{of]– ToxLF a:g] ls kmls{g] eg]/ . dg t d]/f]
klg a:g] g} lyof] t/ a|fG8L kms{g cft'/ lyO{, d}n] klg kmls{g] g} eg]F . cg'knfO{ csf]{ uf8Ldf a;fP/ a|fG8L / d dfq
d]/f] uf8Ldf kmls{of}F . af6f]d} dnfO{ l;=eL= df csf]{ rSn]6 yKg' klg t lyof] .

tLg

æTo;f] eP dfgj ;dj]bgf s]xL xf]Og t <Æ d}n] a|fG8LnfO{ k|Zg u/]F .
dnfO{ uDeL/ ljifodf s'/f ug{nfO{ a|fG8L dg ldNg] ;fyL ePsL 5] cfhsn . p;nfO{ hLjg;fyL agfpg] d]/f]
wf]sf] lyPg, g p;sf] g} t/ xfdL /fd|f ;fyL eg] ePsf lyof}F . p;n] zfob klxnf] k6s dleq klg uDeL/ dfG5] 5
eGg] kQf nufO{ . cfhsf] s'/f eg] ;2fd x';]gsf] d[To'b08sf] s'/fnfO{ lnP/ lyof] .
æTof] xfd|f] b]zsf] lxtdf lyof] . b]z eg]s} dfG5]x¿sf] em'08 xf] lg=== xf]Og / <Æ
ædnfO{ a'z k6Ss} dg kb}{g . pm Pp6f tfgfzfx xf] .Æ
æt/ dnfO{ t dg k5{, lsgls p;sf] tfgfzfxL xfd|} ;'/Iffsf nflu xf] .Æ p;n] ;xh 9ª\uaf6 hjfkm kmsf{O{ .
æltdL To;nfO{ ljZj ;d'bfo;Fu lsg bfFlHbgf} <Æ
ælsgls cd]l/sf Pp6f cfO8n xf] . ljZjsf k|To]s dfG5] of t cfk\mgf] b]znfO{ cd]l/sf agfpg rfxG5g\ of t
cfk\mgf] b]znfO{ dfof df/]/ cd]l/sf cfpg rfxG5g\ .Æ
d}n] cfk\mgf] w/ftn bfFh]F . d kSs} bf];|f] ju{df lyPF . s] dleqsf] g]kfnL dl/;s]sf] 5 t < zfob, jf zfob d
o;nfO{ dfg]{ k|oTg ub}{5' .
æbz}F cfO;s]5 of/ . xfdL gdgfpg] bz}F <Æ
cg'ksf] k|Zgn] d]/f] tGb|f eª\u u¥of] . lxhf] cfdfnfO{ kmf]g ubf{ hd/f /fVg] lbg kl;{ eGb} x'g'x'GYof] . ltdLx¿sf]
s] of]hgf 5 eg]/ ;f]Wb} x'g'x'GYof] . s'g} of]hgf g} ag]sf] lyPg– d}n] klg ToxL eg]F . xf] ToxL If0f lyof] dnfO{ klxnf]
k6s ljb]z a;fO{ g/dfOnf] nfu]sf] . ;fyL;FuL, tL xf]6nsf kf6L{x¿, bfh'efOx¿;Fu} cFufnf] df/]/ lxF8]sf], ;8s
aLrdf, na{/fpFb}, Ps csf{nfO{ y]Ub} . d}n] eujfg\;Fu k|fy{gf u/]F– x] eujfg\ kGw| lbgnfO{ eP klg dnfO{ 6' j] l6s6
ldnfO b]pm .
æxfdL e/] e]nf xf}F g t d]/f] sf]7fdf, s] ug]{ ToxLF l5gf]kmfgf] u/f}Fnf .Æ d}n] hjfkm kmsf{PF .
æs]xL l;l/o; s'/f xf] <Æ a|fG8Ln] xfd|f] ukmdf rf;f] b]vfO{ .
ævf;} xf]Og . xfdLx¿sf] km]l:6an l;hg cfpFb}5 Sof .Æ
æn x} t e/] t]/f] sf]7fdf .Æ cg'k c?nfO{ klg lgDtf k'¥ofpg ToxfFaf6 lxF8\of] . a|fG8L / d klg Psl5gkl5
5'l§of}F .

æv;L t sf6\g}k5{ s]6f xf] h;/L eP klg, v;L gsf6]sf] bz}F klg s] bz}F .Æ cg'kn] hf]lzF+b} eGof] .
æclg v;L vf]Hg sxfF hfg] lg < oxfF t e]8f dfq e]l6G5 .Æ k|df]b cnL b'/bzL{ lyof] .
æd afx]s oxfF ePsf h;nfO{ sf6] klg eOuf] lg .Æ
;a}hgfn] dnfO{ 3'/]/ x]/] . zfob d]/f] of] 7§f s;}nfO{ klg dg k/]g .
æxfd|f] nflu dfq} eP klg c8{/ u/]/ Nofpg' k5{ .Æ
æxf] xf], g]kfnaf6} Kn]g rf6{/ u/]/ dufpmF g v;L . clg hLjg e/ sfd ub}{ C0f ltb}{, C0f ltb}{ sfd ub}{ .Æ
;a}sf] xfF;f]sf] kmf]xf]/f 5'6\of] . t/ cg'k klg rfF8} sxfF xfYof]{ / Û
æh];'s} u/]/ xf];\ v;L g} sf6\g'k5{ . ltdLx¿ sf]xL dfGb}gf} eg] d PSn} vf]H5' .Æ
cg'ksf] hf]zn] c? ;a} ;]nfP . xfdLn] bz}F ;df/f]x ;ldlt klg agfof}F . ;+of]hs cg'ksf] hf]z–hfFu/nfO{ Wofgdf
/fv]/ cg'knfO{ g} agfpg] lg0f{o eof] .

12
 x]bf{x]b}{ bz}Fsf] tof/Ln] lr;f] O8fxfcf] ttfpFb} nUof] . xfdL cfk\mg} lsl;dn] k/b]zsf] Gof;|f] d]6fpg] sf]lz;df
lyof}F . df;'sf sltj6f kl/sf/ agfpg], ;nfb s] sf] < o:t} o:t} . o;n] Ps lsl;dn] xfdLnfO{ Ao:t agfPsf] lyof] .
gofF b]zdf gofF bz}F gofF lsl;dn] dgfpg]df xfdL /f]dfl~rt lyof}F .
æltdLx¿ cfhsn w]/} g} lahL 5f} .Æ Ps lbg crfgs a|fG8Ln] dnfO{ egL .
æof] bz}F xf], kGw| lbgsf] . Ps lbg] lqm:d; sxfF xf] / <Æ d}n] lh:sFb}+ eg]F . cflv/ o;nfO{ klg yfxf xf];\ g
xfdLn] b]z la;]{sf 5}gf}F eg]/ .
æclg s] x'G5 t To;df <Æ p;n] rf;f] b]vfO{ .
æ;a} kl/jf/ e]nf x'g], /dfOnf] ug]{ .Æ
æltdLx¿ ;a} kl/jf/ Ps} 7fpdf a:5f}F eg]sf] xf]Og . clg ;w}F g} e]nf eOxflnG5 lg .Æ
æof] rf8df t ufpFe/Lsf dfG5] ufpFe/L dWo] ;a}eGbf a'9f] sf] 5 To;sf]df cfzLjf{b yfKg hfG5g\ .Æ nfOb]F d}n]
klg ukm . cflv/ o;n] g]kfn uP/ bz}Fsf] l6sf yfk]sf] x]g]{ xf]Og Sof/] .
æxf] / < To;}n] t olt nfdf] x'Fbf] /x]5 of] rf8 .Æ lar/L a'em] h:tf] ub}{ lyO{ .
æxfdL of] rf8df lkª klg v]N5f}+ .Æ dnfO{ cfh p;nfO{ lsg xf] dhfn] eGg dg nflu/x]sf] lyof] xfd|f] af/]df .
ælkª <Æ pm Ps l5g csdlsO{ . lar/LnfO{ s] yfxf / <
æ7"nf] s]an x'G5, dfly b'O{lt/ ;kf]6{ lbPsf] x'G5 . lxGh ;kf]{6 h;n] df]d]G6 / l/PS;g b'j} /]lhi6 ub}{g . /
To;sf] DoflS;dd :ofluË kf]OG6df afF;sf] plegnfO{ :k]; agfPsf] x'G5 To;df pleg] clg dlRrg] .Æ hLjgdf s'g}
klg g]kfnLn] lkªsf] d}n] lbP h:tf] kl/efiff lbg] 5}g xf]nf zfob .
æ/dfOnf] x'G5 xf]nf x} <Æ p;n] crDd dfGb} ;f]wL .
æx'G5 t . Psbd /dfOnf] x'G5 .Æ
cfh xfd|f] bz}F ;+of]hg ;ldltsf] a}7s x'gfn] w]/} ukm ug{ kfOPg . gq a|fG8LnfO{ cfh} g]kfnsf] nflu l6s6 a's
ug]{ agfOlbGy]F d .

æv;L t kfOof] t/ Pp6f b'Mvsf] va/ 5 .Æ cg'kn] dlng :j/df eGof] . v;L kfOPsf]df v'zL x'g kfOPg .
ælsg <Æ ;a}n] Ps} :j/df ;f]w] .
æoxfF sf6\g kfOFb}g /], nfO;]G; rflxG5 /] To;sf nflu .Æ p;n] v'n:t kf¥of] .
æs] eof] t, glhs} s'g} s;fxLsf]df nu]/ sf6f}Fnf lg t .Æ k|df]bn] ;w}F h:t} cfkm"nfO{ dfq dg kg]{ ;'emfj lbof] .
ædf;' vfg t ;w}F vfPs} 5 lg, /dfOnf] ug{ kf] t Û h;/L eP klg cfkm}Fg} sf6\g'k5{ .Æ cg'k km]l/ hf]lzof] . hf]z
/ OR5fzLntfdf cg'knfO{ c?n] e]§fpg ufx|} k5{ .
æs;/L t <Æ ;a}sf] Pp6} k|Zg lyof] .
æPs l5g x}, d Pp6f kmf]g u5'{ .Æ d kmf]g ug{nfO{ leq l5/]F .
d kmf]g u/]/ aflx/ lgl:sFbf ;a} cfz] gh/n] dnfO{ x]l//x]sf lyP .
æs;nfO{ kmf]g u/]sf] <Æ ;d"xdWo]s} s;}n] dnfO{ ;f]Wof] .
æd]/f] Ps hgf bfOnfO{, pm jlsn 5, Soflnkmf]lg{ofdf a:5 .Æ
æs] eGg'eof] t t]/f] bfOn] <Æ
ænfO;]G; geOsg sf6] a9Ldf ;o 8n/ kmfOg / s]xL 306fsf] l86]G;g dfq} x'G5 /] .Æ
æTo;f] eP <Æ cg'k dlt/ x]/]/ sf6\g] :jLs[lt dfUb} lyof] zfob .
æcf===sf6\lbpFm . Tolt t ldn]/ ltg{ ;lsG5 lg .Æ d}n] klg :jLs[lt lbPF .
æof] Tolt xn'sf lng] s'/f xf]Og ;fyL xf] . kl5 k'ln; l/kf]6{ aGg ;S5, ufx|f] kg{ ;S5 .Æ ;w}F h:t} k|df]b lyof]
lg ckf]h ug{nfO{ t .
æs]xL klg x'Fb}g . oxfF sf/ cf]e/:kL8 s'bfof] ;dfT5 . af6f]df ;'Tof] ;dfT5 . clg xfd|f] cf]e/6fOd sfd yfxf
kfof] ;dfT5 . l/:s s]df 5}g < bz}Fsf] nflu olQ l/:s t lng} k5{ .Æ
o;kfln d]/f] bafjn] sfd u¥of] . ;a}n] df}g :jLs[lt lbP . d]/f] Pkf6{d]G6df eg]sfn] s]xL k/] arf}Fnf eGbf x'g\
df]/fx¿ . cGTodf ;KtdLdf v;L Nofpg] / ci6dLsf] lbg v;L sf6\g] of]hgfsf ;fy xfdL 5'l§of}F .

13
 ;KtdLsf] lbg v;L lng hfg]df cg'k / d k¥of}F . NofP/ sf/af6 lgsfn]sf dfq s] lyof}+, 7ofSs cufl8 d]:;L,
5]j}sf] Pkf6{d]G6df a:g] d]lS;sg s]6L .
æs] NofPsf] of] /f]zg <Æ d cSdsfPF . cflv/ hLjgdf klxnf] rf]6L d /x/sf] nflu sfg'g tf]8\b} lyPF .
æof] /f]zgsf] k]6 xf], k|fOe]6 k]6 .Æ wGg cg'kn] ;DxfNof] .
æs] xf] t of] <Æ p;sf] lrQ cem} a'em]sf] lyPg .
æof] s's'/ xf], g]kfnL s's'/ . /fd|f] 5 x}g <Æ
æP===/fd|f] 5 .Æ v;Lsf] gfsdf ls; u/]/ d]:;L cfk\mgf] af6f] nfuL . wGg cd]l/sfsf] v;Lsf] gfsdf l;Fufg x'Fb}g
/x]5 . v;L / s's'/ klg g5'6\ofpg] s:tL df]/L .

ci6dLsf] lbg dfgf}F xfdL s'g} o'4df lyof}F . Pp6f ld;gdf . lnkm\6 u]6df k|df]b / k|eft, Pkf6{d]G6 u]6df ;GhLj
/ /fhLj . cg'kn] stfstfaf6 v's'/L klg NofP5 . df/ xfGg klg pm g} tlD;of] . tLg k6sdf rn{Kk} . e'TNofpg],
sf6\g] agfpg] ;a} ul/of] . clg :jfb j0f{g} ug{ g;lsg], cflv/ hLtsf] klg t :jfb ylkPsf] lyof] To;df . xfdL;Fu
nfO;]G; ePsf] eP s] of] olt ld7f] x'GYof] < dnfO{ To;kl5 wGg ck7\of/f] k/]g, lsgls d]:;Ln] To;kl5 d]/f] k]6sf]
af/]df slxNo} ;f]lwg .

rf/

cfh ljhofbzdL, d}n] sfdaf6 5'§L lnPsf] lyPF . cflv/ d'Vo rf8sf] d'Vo lbg xf] of], d}n] ;a} s'/f atfPkl5
d]/f] af];n] gfs v'DRofpFb} v'DRofpFb} eP klg 5'§L lbof] . k"/} lbgsf] /f]df~rs of]hgf alg;s]sf] lyof] . laxfg} p7]/
d}n] w]/} lbgkl5 g'xfPsf] lyPF+ . tof/ eO;Sg gEofpFb} cg'k cfOk'Uof] .
æltdLnfO{ klg z'e ljhofbzdL .Æ d]/f] clejfbgsf] p;n] xfF:b} hjfkm kmsf{of] .
æ;fFRr} s] xf] cfhsf] of]hgf <Æ
æbz}Fsf] lbgdf s] x'g' c?, e]nf x'g], l6sf nufpg], /dfOnf] ug]{ .Æ
ædfq ÛÆ
æs:tf] dfq < oxL t xf] lg d'Vo . clg a]n'sf g]kfnL ;d"xn] Pp6f k|f]u|fd u/]sf] 5, To;df klg hfg] xf] .Æ
æclg c? vf]O{ t <Æ
æcfpFb} xf]nfg\ .Æ
Ps Ps ub}{ ;a} cfpFb} uP . of]hgf cg';f/ xfdL ;a}n] 9fsf 6f]kL nfPsf lyof}F . /ª\uLrª\uL n'uf b]Vbf ;fgf]df
3/df 3'Sof{P/ lsGg nfPsf n'ufx¿sf] ememNsf] cfpFYof] . oxfFsf] Jo:ttfdf s]6fx¿ klxnf]rf]l6 v'zL d'8df b]lvPsf
lyP .
æn ca ;a}n] cfk\mgf] cfk\mgf] pd]/ g9fF6Lsg eg . d rflxF #* ;fn c;f/sf] .Æ d}n] ;a}lt/ kms]{/ eg]F .
ælsg <Æ ;a}sf] d'vdf oxL k|Zg lyof] .
æbz}Fdf 7"nfn] ;fgfnfO{ cflzjf{b lbg] xf], ca sf] 7"nf], sf] ;fgf] t yfxf x'g' k¥of] lg .Æ
æxf] xf]Æ ;a}n] cfk\mgf] cfk\mgf] pd]/ eGb} uP . sltnfO{ 9fF6]sf] cf/f]k klg nfUof] . t/ tL klg sd t sxfF lyP /
Û sf]7fdf uP/ gful/stf b]vfpg] wDsL lbF+b} lyP . k|df]b ;a}eGbf h]7f] / /d]z ;a}eGbf sfG5f] eP . /ª\ufPsf] cIftf
tof/ lyof] . hd/fsf] hf]xf] ug{ ;lsPg . ;a}n] kfn}kfnf] ub}{ l6sf yfKb} uP . cflzjf{bsf] s'/} gu/f}+F, 6Gg k};f
sdfP;\, /fd|L s]6L 3'dfP;\ o:t} o:t} . d]/f]df csf]{ klg ylkof] 6Gg rSn]6 vfP;\ . h]7f]af6 sfG5f]tkm{ a9\b} hfFbf
l6sf nfOlbg] xftx¿ klg a9\b} uP . /d]]zsf] cg'xf/ t x]g{nfos lyof] . bfofF rNgLb]lv afofF rNgL;Dd jf/kf/ .
l6sf nfP/ vfglkg u/]kl5 xfdLn] 3'Dg hfg] of]hgf agfof}F . 9fsf 6f]kLx¿ tof/ lyP . xfd|f] cufl8 b]lvsf]
of]hgf lyof], 9fsf6f]kL nufP/ 3'Dg lgl:sg] . dnfO{ cfh cfkm}Fdf ljZjf; lyPg– d of] ;a} ub}{5' eg]/ . g]kfn
a;'Gh]n 9fsf6f]kL nfOof] nfOPg t/ oxfF cfPkl5 dg nfUof] . o:t}df dnfO{ Pp6f 36gfsf] ofb cfpF5 . o'lgel;{6Ldf
Pp6f OlG8og s]6f 5 /fx'n . p;n] Ps lbg ljjfb lgsfNof], g]kfnsf] af/]df .
ædnfO{ t g]kfn ef/ts} k|b]z h:tf] nfU5 . p:t} dfG5], pxL efiff ;a} p:t} .Æ
ædfG5] t 7Ls} 5 t/ efiff s;/L pxL eof] <Æ d}n] k|Zg u/]F .
ælxGbL g} xf]Og / ltdLx¿sf] efiff <Æ
æxf]Og xfd|f] efiff t g]kfnL xf] c? klg w]/} hftLo efiffx¿ 5g\ .Æ

14
 æxf] /, d}n] ltdLx¿sf] w]/} /fli6«o g]tfx¿n] lxGbLd} efif0f u/]sf] ;'g]sf] 5' t .Æ p;n] RofKk} d]/f] lha|f] ;dfTof] .
æd}n] klg t ltdLx¿sf g]tfn] cª\u|]hLdf efif0f u/]sf] ;'g]sf] 5' lg t, s] ef/t o'=P;= sf] k|fGt xf] t <Æ
æcª\u|]hL t cGt/f{li6«o efiff xf] lg ÛÆ
æxf], To;}n] efiff cfk\mgf] dfq cfpg'k5{ eGg] 5}g . ltdLx¿nfO{ g]kfnL cfpFb}g, olb xfdLnfO{ lxGbL cfpF5 eg]
xfdL t emg 1ftf eof}F lg, ltdLx¿sf g]tf g]kfnLdf efif0f ug{ ;S5g\ <Æ
To;kfln klg d}n] lht]/} 5f8]F . s]6fs]6L g} ;xL t/ o:t} ts{x¿n] eP klg dnfO{ lhTg} dg nfu]sf] lyof] .

xfdL ;a} ;d"xd} 3'Dg lgl:sof}F . b'O{ rf/ hgfn] l6sf klg k'5]/ lg:s]5g, kfv] b]lvG5 eGg] 8/n] xf]nf . o:tf]
/dfOnf] ;dodf /dfOnf] ug]{ /x/ lyof] To;}n] s;}n] ljjfb ug]{ ;'/ u/]g . xfdL hxfFhxfF lxF8\of}F, xfdLg} ToxfFsf]
cfs{if0fsf] s]Gb| eof}F . 9fsf6f]kL / lgwf/df /ª\ufPsf] rfdn, 5Ss k/] b]Vg] s'O/]x¿ . slkm;kdf skmL vfO/x]sf] a]nf
Pp6f cwa}Fz]n] t cfP/} ;f]Wof] .
æs] u/]sf] of] ltdLx¿n] < gofF km]zg xf] <Æ
æx}g k/Dk/f xf] .Æ d}n] pQ/ lbPF .
æs'g b]zaf6 cfPsf xf} ltdLx¿ <Æ
æg]kfn .Æ
dnfO{ yfxf lyof] p;nfO{ yfxf 5}g t/ dnfO{ g]kfn lrgfpg uf}td a'4 / ;u/dfyf ;w}F ;xof]uL x'G5g\ .
æclg logLx¿ r}F g]kfnL xf]Ogg\ <Æ
p;n] xfd|f] ayfgsf l6sf k'5\g] as'Nnfx¿ b]vfpFb} eGof] . d r'k nfu]F, c? klg r'k g} lyP t/ p;n] s] a'em\ of]
s'lGg pm cfk\mgf] af6f] nfUof] . d dgdg} v'lRrË eGb} lyPF . yfxf 5}g pgLx¿nfO{ kL8faf]w eof] ls ePg .

of]hgf cg';f/ g} xfdL ;fFemsf] kf6L{df klg uof}F . ljZjf;} gnfUg], olt ;fgf] O8fxfcf]df klg olQsf g]kfnL 5g\
. Toqf] 7"nf] xn klg vrfvr el/Psf] lyof] .
Tolt w]/} kl/lrt t lyPgg\ t/ ePhlt;Fu x]nf] ub}{ cl3 a9\of}F . d~r ;hfOPsf] lyof], zfob ;f+:s[lts
sfo{qmdsf] nflu xf]nf .
s]xL l5gd}+ sfo{qmd z'¿ eof] . cd]l/sf g]kfn ;Dks{ d~rsf] sfo{qmd /x]5 . z'¿df s]xL dGtJo, ;+:yfsf]
kl/ro, cfly{s ljj/0f OToflb . To;df s]xL /; lyPg xfd|f] nflu . k|yd r/0fsf] cGTodf g]kfnsf åGåkLl8t
afnaflnsfsf] ;xof]usf] nflu cfx\jfg eof] . of] rflxF dnfO{ dg k¥of] . xfd|f] ;fgf] ;xof]un] s;}sf] eljio ;'wfl/G5
eg] Tof] t kSs} klg :jfutof]Uo s'/f xf] .
s]xL ;dodf bf];|f] r/0f klg z'? eof] ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdsf] . sfo{qmdsf] klxnf] gfrn] dfgf}F d]/f] cfFvfnfO{ s}b
u¥of] . dnfO{ Ædfly dfly ;}n'ª\u]dfÆ olQ /fd|f] slxNo} nfu]sf] lyPg . ;do dfgf}F Tof] s]6LnfO{ b]v]/ /f]lsof] . af6'nf]
cg'xf/, nfdf] skfn, ltvf/]/ 6kSs kf/] h:tf] gfs . sf]xL s;/L olQ /fd|f] x'g ;S5 < d la:tf/} km\Nof; Aofsdf uPF
. zfob pb\3f]ifsn] /Iff eg]sf] lyof] gfd . /Iff kf]v/]n .

k|f]u|fd l;l4p~h]n;Dddf s]6fx¿n] w]/} vf]hlag ul/;s]5g\ p;sf] af/]df . l8=eL=k/]/ b'O{ jif{cl3 oxfF cfPsL .
O8fxfcf] :6]6 o'lgel;{6Ldf 8fG; l6r/, clg cljjflxt . dnfO{ eg] klxnf] / cflv/L hfgsf/L dg k¥of] .

æxfO{, ltd|f] gfr /fd|f] lyof] .Æ d}n] p;nfO{ vf]h]/} 5f8]F .

æYofª\S; .Æ t/ p;n] dnfO{ Tolt jf:tf ul/g . dlt/ gkmls{sg} hjfkm lbO{ .
æslDKnd]G6sf] olQ ¥o'8 PG;/ <Æ
o;kfln pm dlt/ kms]{/ d':sfO{ . d]/f] dgdf cl3b]lv Pp6} k|Zg 3'ld/x]sf] lyof], sf]xL s;/L olQ /fd|f] x'g ;S5
<
æs] ltdL dnfO{ gfRg l;sfpF5f} <Æ dnfO{ yfxf 5}g d}n] lsg o:tf] eg]F . dnfO{ gfRg] /x/ kSs} klg 5}g . p;n]
dnfO{ lgofn]/ x]/L .
æ;/L, d s;}nfO{ klg k;{gNnL l;sfpFlbg .Æ p;n] cl3sf] d':sfg oyfjt\ /fVb} egL .
æk;{gNnL l;sfpFlbgsf] dtna, ;d"xdf rflxF l;sfpF5f} <Æ
æd O8fxfcf] :6]6 o'lgel;{6Ldf 8fG; k9fpF5' .Æ

15
 æP, slt eof] ToxFf k9fpg yfn]sf] <Æ
æPs jif{ hlt eof] .Æ
æd klg oxfF cfPsf] Ps jif{ g} eof], 8fG;sf] nflu cfO6\jfOG6L dfUg'kg]{, OGefO/f]d]G6n OlGhlgol/ªsf] nflu
dfluof] . ulNt ul/of] .Æ d}n] p;sf] d'xf/ k9\g vf]Hb} p;nfO{ lh:SofPF .
æla=O{= k|md k'Nrf]s <Æ pm ddfly OG6«]:6 b]vfpFb} lyO{ . d}n] 6fpsf] xNnfPF .
æd]/f ;fyLx¿ cfP, ;/L d hfG5' x}===e]6f}Fnf lg s'g} lbg .Æ
wQ]/L olt g} a]nf cfpg'kg]{ ltgLx¿nfO{ klg . d klg dg gnfuL gnfuL kms]{+, dnfO{ To; lbg 3/ kmf]g ug'{
klg t lyof] .

æx]Nnf]Æ
æcfdf s] 5 xfnva/ .Æ
æP afa', 7Ls} 5 t . t]/f] lg <Æ cfdfsf] af]nLdf dlngtf lyof] . d}n] xfdL b'O{ aLrsf] b"/L kmf]gaf6 g} 36fpg'
lyof] .
æcfdf d}n] t l6sf nfpg kf] kmf]g u/]sf] t .Æ
æn t n afa', pm a'af otf cfpg';\ t 5f]/fnfO{ l6sf nufpg .Æ cfdf zfob ?Fb} d]/f] kmf]6f] vf]Hb} x'g'x'GYof] .
æt]/f] k9fO s:tf] rNb} 5 t <Æ a'jfn] ;f]Wg'eof] . zfob kmf]6f]df l6sf nfO;Sg'eof] xf]nf .
æ/fd|} 5 a'jf .Æ
æn n /fd|/L k9\g" .Æ olQs}df efOn] kmf]g vf]:of] .
æbfbf s] 5 t]/f] xfnva/ <Æ pm lrRofof] .
æla:tf/} af]n g, ;'G5' t . 7Ls} 5 t]/f] ;'gf g .Æ
æoxfF tF;Fu lax] ug]{ s]6Lx¿sf] nfOg 5 .Æ
æljrf/ ub}{ u¿F t d 5f]/f <Æ cfdf km]l/ af]Ng'eof] . olQ rfF8f] slt xtf/ cfdfnfO{ klg .
æo:tf] s'/fdf klg s] cfdfnfO{ b'Mv lbg', d cfkm}+F vf]lhxfN5' lg .Æ d}n] xfF+:b} eg] .
æn x]/ NofO;ls;\ ls Sof xf] < ufO{vfg] rflxF gn] x} .Æ
æNofPsf] t xf]Og .Æ d}n] xfF:b} eg]F .
æn n NofpF5;\ eg] klg /fd|L g]kfnL g} vf]Hg' .Æ
cfdfn] kmf]g /flvlbg'eof] . dnfO{ emnSs /Iff gfRb} u/]sf] ;Demgf cfof] . p;sf k}+tfnf xl/of 3fF;sf kftaf6
lzt l6Kb} a'?Ss a'?Ss pk|m]sf] . s] yfxf cfdfnfO{ jxfFsf] lrtfPsf] k'uf];\ eGg] cflzif nfUof] eg] d ot} lax] u/]/
a:5' eGg] . b'Mv nfUnf=== t/ nfUb}g xf]nf cflv/ a'jfcfdfnfO{ klg t d oxfF tflgxfN5' lg .

kfFr

O{8fxfcf]
5 dlxgfkl5

d ;FfRr} g}+ d]/f] kl/efiff eGbf leGg x'Fb}+ uO/x]sf] lyPF . dfgf}F hLjg k"0f{tflt/ 8f]l/O/x]sf] lyof] . ;fgf] b]zsf]
;fgf] /fhwfgLaf6 ;j{zlStdfg /fi6«df klg clxn];Dd cfkm"nfO{ pEofPsf] lyPF . sfd ;fgf] g} t/ sfdsf] sb/ x'g]
7fpFdf lyPF . d}n] w]/}nfO{ oxfFsf] 6«flGh;g km]hdf 6'6]sf] b]v]sf] 5' t/ dnfO{ ;kmn dfGg' k5{ .

16
 rSn]6sf] vf]hLdf ef}tfl//xg] rsf]xf]lns dg ca g]kfnL km\ofS6«Ldf uP/ :yL/ ePsf] 5 . vf]h 6'lËPsf] 5 . d}n]
/Iff kfPsf] 5', d]/L dg ldNg] hLjg;fyL . /Iff / d cfhsn ;Fu} a:5f}F Pp6} Pkf6{d]G6df . klxnf d}n] /IffnfO{ /fd|L
o'jtLsf] ¿kdf x]/]F cyjf of] b]zdf :yflkt x'g] Pp6f af6f]sf] ¿kdf x]/]F, yfxf 5}g . t/ cfhsn d pm;Fu 3'nldn
ePsf] 5' / d / pmaLr ;f]rfO{df ;dfgtf kfpF5' . sfd ug{ g8/fpg], csf{sf] sb/ ug]{, xfdL Ps csf{sf] s'/f
gegLsg a'em\ b5f}F . ;fyLx¿ u5{g\ d]/f] kl/jt{gsf] s'/f . x'g klg d cfhsn sd ;do lbG5' ;fyLx¿nfO{ .
ljs]G8x¿df gzfn] dflQFb}F gofFgofF lzsf/ vf]Hg] d]/f cfFvf /Iffsf ulx/f cfFvfdf 8'Ag yfn]sf 5g\ . tk:of u/]sf]
;fw'n] 1fg kfP h:tf], d[ut[i0ffdf kfgL vf]Hb} u/]sf] d[un] kfgL kfPh:tf] . d la:tf/} clttdf 8'Ab5' hltv]/ d pm;Fu
;DaGw a9fpg p2t lyPF .

O8fxfcf] :6]6 o'lgel;{6L

$M)) ah]
cfh ;'/fsLn] unt va/ lbP5 . /Iff P3f/} ah] Snf; l;WofP/ u]6df cfpg] s'/f lyof] t/ rf/ aHbf klg lsg
lsg u]6 5f]8\g d]/f] dg dflg/x]sf] lyPg . t/ d]/f] kvf{O{ v]/} uPsf] rflxF xf]Og /x]5 . pm aflx/ lg:sFb} lyO{ . d]/f]
dgdf Ps lsl;dsf] 8/ / v'zL ldl;Psf] /f]df~r k}bf eO/x]sf] lyof] .
æxfO{, dnfO{ lrGof} <Æ
æbz}Fsf] kf6L{df e]6]sf] xf]Og <Æ p;n] s]xL ;f]r]h:tf] u/]/ hjfkm kmsf{O{ . o:t} xf], s]6Lx¿ w]/} :jfª kf5{g\ . d
afhL 7f]S5', p;n] ;f]r]h:tf] u/]sL dfq xf] .
æsxfFaf6 cfPsf] <Æ zfob d;Fu k|Zgsf] cefj eP5, ToxLF k9fpg] dfG5]nfO{ d sxfFaf6 cfPsf] eg]/ ;f]Wb} lyPF
.
æof] t d}n] ;f]Wg' kg]{, d t oxLF k9fpF5' .Æ
æ;/L, dnfO{ c? k|Zg g} km'/]g . d t ltdLnfO{ g} s'/]/ a;]sf] .Æ
ælsg <Æ
æskmL vfg] ;fyL gkfP/ .Æ
æx}g dnfO{ Psbd xtf/ 5, csf]{ 7fpF hfg' 5, ;/L .Æ
æ7Ls} 5 t/ d P3f/ ah]b]lv s'/]/ a;]sf] lyPF .Æ
p;n] k'n'Ss dlt/ x]/L . zfob p;n] To:tf] PS;k]S6 u/]sL lyOg . t/ d To:t} 5' cgPS;k]S6]8 Û
æs] ltdLnfO{ crDd nfUof] d b]v]/ <Æ pm cfZro{rlst eP/ cem} dnfO{ g} x]l//x]sL lyO{ .
æt/ d]/f] nflu lsg of] ;a} <Æ p;n] ;f]wL .
æ ltdL ANofs skmL vfg] ls ldNs <Æ d}n] k|Zg 6fg{ vf]h]F .
æof] d]/f] k|Zgsf] pQ/ xf]Og .Æ wGg p;nfO{ d af]/ eg] ul//x]sf] lyOg . p;sf] cg'xf/df xn'sf km}lnPsf]
d':sfg ld; jN8{sf] lz/df /flvPsf] tfh h:tf] lyof] .
æPp6f s]6L b]v]F ljh'nLsf] ultdf dgdf 5fk 5f]8\g], glrg] klg cfk\mg} h:tL, jiff}{+b]lv e]6] h:tL, Toltv]/b]lv
;do /f]lsPsf] 5 .Æ
æltdL slj xf] <Æ
æagfO{ To;}n] .Æ
ædnfO{ of] ;a} lsg eg]sf] t . sf] xf] Tof] <Æ s]6Lx¿ ;fFRr} g} k|z+;fsf ef]sf x'G5g\ . hfgLhfgL a'em krfpF5g\
.
æltdLnfO{ s] nfU5 < of] s]6L ltd|L g} x'g] rfG; slQ 5 <Æ
æe]/L kmGgL ÛÆ
æcfO{ Pd l;l/o; .Æ
æof] t clt s]6fs]6Lkg eof] . ltd|f] / d]/f] of] bf];|f] e]6 xf] .Æ
ædg ;w}F+ s]6fs]6L g} x'G5 .Æ
æltdLn] dnfO slQ g} lrg]sf] 5f} / <Æ p;n] uDeL/ x'Fb} ;f]wL .
ælrGgnfO{ Ps csf{nfO{ ;do lbg'k5{ .Æ
æd ljrf/ u/f}Fnf . clxn]nfO{ dnfO{ ;fFRr} xtf/ 5 .Æ
æ;]n gDa/ kfpg ;lsG5 <Æ

17
 æcsf]{ rf]6L, u]6df d rf/ ah] dfq} lglSnG5' ;w}F+ . P3f/ xf]Og .Æ
p;sf] d':sfgn] skmL;kdf a;Gt Ct' af]nfP/ uof] . j]6/n] aNn b'O{j6f skmL Nofof] . x/] d]/f k\mofFlsPsf 8n/
Û s]6Lx¿ ;fFRr} g} efp vf]H5g\ . t/ p;n] csf]{rf]l6sf] lgDtf t lbO{ . dg km'?ª\u lyof] .

PSsfl; ah]sf] 8f]/a]nn] d eml:sPF . cf]xf] Û lgSs} ;do kf] uO;s]5 . zfob /Iff xf]nf .
æcf]xf] cem} ltdL olQs}, ;~rf] ePg ls Sof xf] <Æ
æxf]Og, cltt ;Dem]/ a;]sf], vf]O{ sxfF sxfF k'luof] .Æ
æclg cfh cflzif cfpg] eg]sf] xf]Og < d t ltdL lksck ug{ uof} xf]nf kf] eGb} lyPF .Æ
wQ]/Lsf Û d klg slt x':;', o:tf] s'/f klg lal;{P5 .
æd}n] ;lDemg' kg]{, ltdLn] ;Demfof} . Yofª\S; .Æ
d xtf/–xtf/ t}of/ eP/ p;nfO{ lksck ug{ lgl:sPF . cflzif, k'Nrf]s SofDk;sf] d]/f] ;a}eGbf ldNg] ;fyL .
uDeL/ ldhfhsf] pm ;DaGwnfO{ w]/} dxTj lbGYof] . afgLx¿ k6Ss} d]n gvfP klg xfdL Ps csf{sf] w]/} glhs} lyof}F .
ljb]z hfg vf;} rf;f] gb]vfpg] pm oxfF lsg cfof] yfxf 5}g . hflu/ 5f]8\g' k/]sf] s'/f t p;n] dnfO{ d]ndf n]v]sf]
lyof], To;kl5 g} xf]nf zfob p;n] otf cfpg] af/]df ;f]wvf]h u/]sf] . d}n] klg cfO6\jfOG6L k7fpgb]lv lnP/ c? w]/}
s'/fdf ;xof]u ul/lbPsf] lyPF . lxh} dfq t xf] pm cfOk'u]sf], h] xf];\ pm;Fu e]6\g d cft'/ lyPF .

æcf]xf] Û s] 5 of/ <Æ

p;nfO{ b]Vg] lalQs} d p;nfO{ cFufnf] dfg{ k'u]F . pm eg] dnfO{ ;fy dfq lbO{ /x]sf] lyof] . oxfF b'O{j6f s]6fx¿
cFufnf] dfg]{ lalQs} w]/} s'/f a'lemlbG5g\ Û t/ xfdLnfO{ dtna lyPg .
æ6Gg df]6fO5;\, ljb]zsf] kf]z nfu] h:tf] 5 .Æ p;n] aNn d'v vf]Nof] .
æxf] / < xf]nf klg, oxfFsf] km'8 x]la6n] ubf{ df]6fOxflnG5 . t/ tF t emg b'AnfP h:tf] nfUof] .Æ
æxf]nf .Æ
sf]7f kms{b} ubf{ cw}o{ x'Fb}+ d}n] p;nfO{ eg]+F– d}n] tFnfO{ oxfF PS;k]S6 g} u/]sf] lyOFg . dnfO{ t cfO{6\jfOG6L
k7fpGh]n;Dd tF oxfF cfpg l;l/o; 5;\ h:tf] nfu]sf] lyPg .Æ
ædnfO{ klg g]kfnaf6 lxF8\bf tFnfO{ oxfF, o;/L, o; cj:yfdf e]6f}Fnf h:tf] nfu]sf] lyPg .Æ
of] o;sf] af]Ng] tl/sf xf] . dnfO{ yfxf 5 p;n] /Iff / d]/f] ;DaGwsf] af/]df s'/f ub}{5 . d}n] t eg]sf] lyPg,
zfob s]6fx¿n] ;'gfpg EofO;s]5g\ .
æs'g cj:yfsf] s'/f u/]sf] t}Fn] <Æ d}n] hfgLhfgL a'em krfPF .
ætF h:tf] dfG5], o:tf] k|mL8d ePsf] b]zdf cfP/ Pp6} s]6Ldf ;Lldt ePsf] cj:yf .Æ
æ;DxflnP/ x} ;fyL, ca efph" eg] a]; . of] ;d/df xfdL sf]6{Dofl/h ub}{ 5f}F .Æ
dnfO{ cflzifn] /Iffsf nflu u/]sf] ;Daf]wg dg k/]g . cflv/ pm s]6LeGbf w]/} lyO{ d]/f nflu .
æ;/L of/ . tFnfO{ a'em\ gdf ulNt eP5 . s] u5{;\ t Û k'Nrf]sdf rf/ jif{df t}Fn] 5f]8]sf] 5fkg} To:t} 5 . olb tF
l;l/o; 5;\ eg] deGbf v'zL of] ;+;f/df c? sf]xL x'g] 5}g .Æ
æ8\ofd l;l/o; Dofg ÛÆ d}n] uf8Lsf] luo/ a9fpFb}+ hjfkm lbPF .

ægd:t] efph" .Æ Pkf{6d]G6df eg] p;sf] ;Daf]wgn] dnfO{ lrQ a'em\ of] .
ægd:t], t/ cem} tLg dlxgf afFsL 5 .Æ /IffnfO{ eg] lrQ ga'em] h:tf] 5 .
æaNn yfxf kfPF, ca dnfO{ t]/f] kl/jt{g dfly s'g} zª\sf 5}g . pm efph", ;fFRrL tkfOFx¿ slthgf lbbLalxgL
<Æ
æ5\of, s] lh:sfPsf] tkfOFn] klg .Æ /Iff nfl8Fb} af]nL .
æTo;f] eP cfhsf] of]hgf s] t <Æ d cflziflt/ kms{b} eg]F .
æv} d t oxfFsf] gofF dfG5], ToxfF dfly kfx'gf . s] eGg] / ÛÆ
æoxfF klg Tof] z]lk{gL lbbLsf] k;n eP Sof /fd|f] x'GYof] x} <Æ d}n] cltt sf]6\ofPF .
æ5}g / < of] /fd|f] Aofkf/ x'g ;S5 . efph"nfO{ sfpG6/df tF / d lsrgdf, s] 5 larf/ <Æ
xfdL b'j}hgf xfF:of}F . /Iff eg] ;fx'gL agfPsf]df xf] ls efph" eg]sf]df xf] cflzifnfO{ 3'/L3'/L x]b}{ lyO{ .
æn tkfOFx¿ ukm ub}{ ug'{;\, d rflxF nfu]+ lsrgdf .Æ

18
 æcfh klg lsrgdf, aflx/af6} NofpF g .Æ
ækb}{g . Tof]eGbf d} ld7f] agfOlbG5' .Æ
æxf], xf] dnfO{ klg 3/s} ld7f] nfU5 .Æ cflzifn] ;xL yfKof] .
æP ;fFRr} cfs[tLsf] s] 5 xfnva/ <Æ /Iff lsrglt/ nflu;s]kl5 d}n] cflzifnfO{ ;f]w]F .
æ7Ls} 5 .Æ
æclg cl3 klg t}Fn] s'/f 6fl/; . dnfO{ t]/f] ;f]rdf s;/L kl/jt{g cfof] hfGg dg 5 .Æ
ælsg d oxfF cfPsf] tFnfO{ dg k/]g / <Æ
ækm]l/ 6fg{ gvf]h g, d l;l/o; 5' .Æ
æ;do ÛÆ
æ;f9] ;ft .Æ
æxf xf===x}g d}n] t]/f] k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbPsf] .Æ
d r'k nfu]F dgdf w]/} lsl;dsf s'/f v]nfpFb} . cflzifn] d}n] a'em\ g vf]h]sf] s'/f km]l/ 6f¥of] .
æclg c? ;fyLx¿sf] s] 5 t <Æ d}n] k|;ª\u abn]F .
æof] t d}n] tFnfO{ ;f]Wg'kg]{ . d t oxfF 5', g]kfndf sf] xf]nf larf/ u/\ t .Æ
æk"/} ;'g;fg g} xf] t <Æ
æxf]nfg\ lg sf]xL t Û t/ xfd|f] ;d"xsf rflxF 5}gg\ .Æ
cltt, jt{dfg / eljio ;a}sf s'/f eP . jfOg;Fu /Iffn] agfPsf] ld7f] ;nfb / lkHhf klg vfOof] .

ædnfO{ 8«k u5{;\ ls d lxF+8\b} hf}F <Æ lxF8\g] a]nfdf cflzifn] 3'Sof{of] .
æs;/L ulb{g egf}F / <Æ
æcd]l/sfsf] klxnf] cfpl6ª 3/]n' /x\of] .Æ
ærf/ dlxgfcl3;Dd eP Tof] kSs} a]Un} x'GYof], rSn]6 ;r{df .Æ
æxf] Tof] t . t/ dnfO{ v'zL nfu]sf] 5 . tF klg t v'zL g} xf]nf;\ .Æ
æ3/]n'kgdf a]Un} cfgGb x'G5 . of] s'/f d}n] tFnfO{ elg/xg' kb}{g .Æ
xfdL w]/}a]/ uf8Ldf r'k nfu]/ a:of}F .
ædnfO{ yfxf 5, t]/f] lrQ a'em]sf] 5}g .Æ df}gtf cflzifn] g} tf]8\of] .
æs] s'/fdf <Æ
ætFnfO{ d oxfF cfpg'sf] k"/} syf yfxf 5}g .Æ
æt}Fn] eGg rflxg;\, s;/L yfxf kfpg] t d}n] <Æ
ætFnfO{ dfq xf]Og d k"/f b'lgofFnfO{ yfxf lbg rfxG5' t/ tF To;sf] klxnf] xsbf/ xf] eGg] d]/f] rfxgf xf] .Æ
cflzifn] emf]nfaf6 lgsfn]/ 8fo/L t]:of{of] . To;kl5 xfdL b'O{n] 5'l§g'cl3 afO{afx]s s]xL klg eg]gf}F . dnfO{ eg]
sf]7f kms]{/ Tof] 8fo/L k9\g g} xtf/ lyof] .

cflzifsf] 8fo/L

sf7df8fF}df lr;f] l;/]6f] l5g{{ yfln;s]sf lyof] . hf8f] a}Fzfn' x'Fb}uPsf] lyof], xnSs a9]sL gjof}jgf h:tL .
;"o{sf] kfl/nf] ls/0f cfh klg lxhf] h:t} k|sfz;Fu} gofFkg 5s{+b} lyof] . clg o:tf] l;/]6] df};ddf klg k'Nrf]s
SofDk;sf] :jljo' Sofkm] 5]pmsf] le/fnf] rf}/L ltg} ls/0fx¿sf] :kz{n] Goflgb} gfFRg cfF6] h:tf] nfUbYof] . ;Fu} 5]pmsf]
Sofkm]df kfSb]} u/]sf] rfprfpmn] vfhf ;do cem} klg gl;l¢Psf] k|i6 kfb}{ lyof] .
æs]bf/ bfO, cf7j6f lrof, To;dWo] b'O{j6f rflxF n]dg x} ÛÆ

19
 d}n] lrof dfu]kZrft\ xfdL ToxL le/fnf] rf}/Ldf a:of}F . rf}yf] jif{ bf];|f] v08sf] k/LIffkmn cfh k|sflzt x'g
cfF6]sf] lyof] . ;ft v08sf l/hN6 v]lk;s]sf cg'ejL d'6' ePsf ljwfyL{ / clGtd v08df Tolt ufx|f ljifox¿
gePsfn] xf]nf jftfj/0f l/hN6do lyPg cyjf eg+f}F tgfj s;}sf] cg'xf/df lyPg . t/ klg t l/hN6 cflv/df
l/hN6 g} xf], b'O{ rf/hgfsf] cg'xf/df cw}o{tf :ki6 b]Vg ;lsGYof] .
æltdL kf; x'g] dfG5], slt cflQPsf] <Æ
cl3b]lv /f]zg, k|lbksf] cg'xf/ x]l//x]sf] /x]5 Sof/] Û p;n] k|lbkdfly Joª\Uo u¥of] .
æs] cflQg' < a? ca cfwf 306f dfq /x\of] jt{dfg :6'8]G6af6 a]/f]huf/ OlGhlgo/ x'gnfO{ eGg] kL/ rflxF
kl//x]sf] 5 .Æ
p;n] cfk\mgf] cw}o{tf n'sfof] . d eg] p;sf zAbx¿n] b'O{ dlxgfcl3 uPsf] bz}Fdf l5/]F . s;}sf] 5f]/f], s;}sf]
elthf] / cem b'O{ dlxgf kl5sf] OlGhlgo/ d Û xhf/f}F cfzfjfbL cfFvfx¿ cl8Psf 5g\ ddf Û h] xf];\ a]/f]huf/ zAbn]
r;Ss 3f]Rof] .
æd t ha;alt/ nflUbg, ca cfh l/hN6 cfpF5, To;kl5 t aflx/ 6«fO{ ug{ yflnxfNg] xf] . km]l/ clxn] t 6f]km]n
8]6 sGkmd{ ug}{ ufx|f] ÛÆ cg'k af]Nb]} lyof] .
æle;f l/h]S6 x'Fb}5 c/] lg t clxn] t ÛÆ
;d"xdWo]s} Pp6fsf] lrGtf lyof] Tof] . cg'k p;nfO{ ;DemfpFb} lyof] . d}n] eg] Tof] lrGtfnfO{ Pp6f sfgn] ;'g]/
csf]{ sfgn] p8fpg] lg0f{o u/]F . -b]z lal;{g]x¿sf] ukm dnfO{ vf;} /dfOnf] nfUb}g_ d]/f] nflu Tof] ghfg] ufpFsf] af6f]
lyof] / ghfg] ufpFsf] af6f] g;f]Wg' eG5g\ a'9fkfsfn] Û km/]g sG6«Ldf :6'8]G6 le;fdf 6«fO{ ug]{ clg kl5 pt}sf] lk=cf/=
eP/ a:g] sG;]K6n] cfO{=cf]=O{= df h/f] uf8] klg d Tof] s'/faf6 vf;} cfslif{t ePsf] lyOFg . sf]xL o;nfO{ b]zk|]d eGy]
eg] sf]xL s]6fs]6Lkg Û
t/ dnfO{ eg] crDd nfUbYof] OlGhlgo/x¿ lsg olt df]lxt 5g\ a'z afsf] ufpFdf Û
lr;f] l;/]6f] d]/f] :jL6/ lr/]/ l5g{ vf]lh/x]sf] lyof] t/ :jL6/ eg] st{Jok/fo0f eP/ dnfO{ hf]ufO/x]sf] lyof] .
tfk / df};d aLrsf] n8fOFdf ;"o{ eujfg\ k/flht x'g] a]nf eO;s]sf] /x]5 . To;dfly Tof] l;/]6f]sf] pkl:yltn]
df};dnfO{ ;lhnf] ePsf] lyof] . wGg d;Fu :jljo' Sofkm]sf] lrof lyof] . To;}n] t xf]nf, elgG5 lg– ædfG5]n] k|s[ltnfO{
lhTg ;S5 .Æ
æcfh l/hN6sf] lbg klg Û df};dn] klg Rofn]Gh unf{ h:tf] 5 .Æ
Aff/Daf/ Rofn]Gh ul//xG5 of] df};dn] klg Û aNn k|sfzsf] Wofg df};dlt/ uP5 . k|sfzn] dnfO{ kf6g9f]sfsf]
nflu lgdGq0ff lbPsf] lyof] . ;fFRr} g} zf]n' z]kf{ hf8f]df t :ju{ g} x'G5 . d]/f] dgdf ;w}F xfFl;/xg] z]lk{gL lbbL klg
cfOg\ . t/ dnfO{ cfh of] em'08af6 cnlUug} kg]{ lyof] . cfh d]/f] ;do d]/f] geP/ c? s;}sf] lyof] .
æcfh cflzifnfO{ tF hxfF hf eg\, pm hfFb}g .Æ
/f]zgn] dnfO{ ghflgFbf] kf/fn] lh:SofPkl5 d lv:; xfF;] .
æx'g]jfnf efph";Fu 8]l6Ë afx]s c? t s] g} xf]nf / ÛÆ
elgG5– ædf}gd :jLs[lt nIf0fd\Æ To;}n] xf]nf d}n] klg pQ/ lbg h?/L 7flgg .
æt}Fn] 6f]km]n 8]6 s;/L /lh:6/ u/fPsf] /] <Æ
cg'k cem} 6f]km]n 8]6d} lyof] . To;af6 pFef] gnfUg] eof] of] . s'/fx¿ cem a9\b} xf]:6nsf] OG6/g]6df sn]h
vf]Hg];Dd k'u]kl5 d}n] w}o{tf Tofu]/ lrofsf] ;'sf]{ tfGb} cfFvf af6f]lt/ 8f]¥ofPF . a]nLa6g lhG;df Pp6f k'tnL
pl8/x]sL lyO{ . dnfO{ cg'xf/ ckl/lrt g} xf] h:tf] nfUof] . uN;{ xf]:6]nsf] xf] ls l6r;{ Sjf{6/sf] xf] 5'6\ofpg ufx|f]
eof] .
æ/f]zg, ahf/df gofF rfdn cfP5 ls Sof xf] <Æ
/f]zgn] klg a'zafsf] ufpmFaf6, ToxfFsf o'lgel;{6Lsf ukmx¿af6 clg :6'8]G6sf] ukmx¿af6 yf]/} ;do lgsfn]/
cfFvf lztn kfg{ Eofof] .
æcufl8af6 eGbf k5fl8 af6} /fd|L 5] .Æ d}n] hfgsf/L t]:of{PF .
æ;a lhG;sf] sdfn xf] . Pp6f s'/f yfxf 5 <Æ
æcxF .Æ d ca /f]zgbz{g ;'Gg tof/ lyPF .
ælhG; agfPsf] g} xfdL h:tfn] rfdnsf] efpm g36fcf}F eg]/ t xf] lg .Æ
æc? s] s] u5{g\ t rfdnsf] efpm g36f];\ eg]/ <Æ d cem pT;'s lyPF .
æcfs[tLnfO{ elGbG5', clg ;a rfdnx¿ Yffxf xG5 .Æ cfs[tLsf] gfd cfpgf;fy d ;ts{ eOxfn]F .

20
 æg8/f g8/f, elglbGg, t/ rfdn gofF t xf]Og lg Û ;]s]G8 Oo/sf] xf], o;kflnsf] ld; Eofn]G6fOg Û /f]zg ca
SofDk; cfpFb}g lar/fsf] hf]jg v]/ hfg] eof] lg t . /f]zgn] cfkm\gf] hfgsf/Lsf] kf]sf] vf]Nof] .
æd}n] gofF xf] ls k'/fgf] dfq} ;f]w]sf], k"/} afof]u|fkmL xf]Og lg t .Æ d}n] rflxF jf:tf gu/]h:tf] u/]F .
/f]zg km]l/ cd]l/sfs} ukmdf kmls{of] . d eg] cfsfz lgofNg yfn]F . gLnf] cfsfzdf b'O{ ;]tf afbnsf em'Kkfx¿
Ps cfk;df hf]l8P/ SofGef;df s'g} gofF lsl;dsf] lrq agfpg k|of;/t lyP .
æl/hN6 cfof] s]6f xf] .Æ
;"rgfn] d]/f] tGb|f eË u¥of] .
æb'O{hgf dfq} km]n eP, c? ;a} kf;, oxfF ePsf ;a}hgf kf; . OlGhlgo/ ePsf]df awfO 5 x} ;a}nfO{ .Æ
Psl5g ;do awfO{ cfbfgk|bfgd} laTof] . l8kf6{d]G6af6 dfs{l;6 lnO;s]kl5 d Tof] em'08af6 Rofltg] s'/f
c?nfO{ ;'gfPF . x'g t zf]n' z]kf{sf] t'Dafsf] ckm/ TofUg t ufx|} s'/f xf] . t} klg cfs[tL;Fusf] 8]l6Ësf] nflu === 7Ls}
5, s]6fx¿nfO{ km]l/ c? s'g} lbg klg t df};dn] Rofn]Gh unf{ lg t Û
æslQ efpm vfPsf] of] cflzifn] < k};f d xfN5' eGbf klg Û xf]:6]ndf ;'tf}Fnf, ef]ln t k|m]z eOxflnG5 lg ÛÆ
k|sfz cem} klg dnfO{ cg'/f]w ub}{lyof] .
æxf]Og c? s'g} lbg a?, cfh ODkf]{6]G6 5 Sof ÛÆ
æ5f]l8b]pm,cfh af6f]df sk{m\o' g} nfu] klg cflzif afg]Zj/ k'U5 .Æ /f]zgnfO{ cem} dnfO{ lh:Sofpg k'u]sf] lyPg
.
æn t To;f] eP .Æ k|sfzn] cGTodf :jLs[lt hgfof] .
d To;kl5 ToxfFaf6 5'l§P/ xtf/xtf/ afg]Zj/sf] nflu kfOnf a9fPF .

;GWof ;fFRr} g} b'nxL ag]/ cfpFl5g\ afg]Zj/df . af6fsf 6«flkms nfO6x¿ af6f] sfl6/x]sf o'jtLx¿nfO{ cfFvf
lemDSofpFb} lh:SofpF5g\ afg]Zj/df . ;GWofsf] cfudg;Fu} e'6]sf ds}, rgfd6/ a]Rg]x¿sf] Jo:ttfsf] ;Ldf /xGg .
clg :6«L6 dfs]{6 / To;sf] jl/kl/sf] eL8, ;du|df g]q ljr/0fsf nflu kkm]{S6 :k6 afg]Zj/ . rf]s}sf] b a]s/L
Sofkm]df af]nfPsL lyO{ cfs[tLn] .
d}n] 38L x]/]F . s]xL g} gkfpg] ePkl5 lsg 3'ld/xG5 of] 38L < s;};Fu dtnj gu/L 38L cfk\mg} ultdf bf}l8Fb}
lyof], 5 ah]sf] hfgsf/L lbFb} lyof] . s]xL 5}g, l9nf] cfpg' cfs[tLsf] k'/fgf] afgL xf] . gf]an sn]hsf Ps hf]8L
afOsdf 6fFl:;P/ x'OFlsb} lyP . xfjf;Dd l5g]{ 7fpF 5f]l8lbP klg t x'GYof] lg . d]/f] ljutnfO{ To;n] ofb lbnfof] . 5
jif{ eP5 cfs[tL / d]/f] e]6 ePsf] . clg rf/ jif{ ;DaGwn] cf}krfl/stf kfPsf] . dnfO{ cem} ofb 5, Kn; 6'sf tL
clGtd lbgx¿, kkf]{h ubf{ d nhfPsf] clg cfs[tLn] ægnhfOsg eg] x'G5Æ eg]sf] . To;kl5 xfd|f sn]hx¿ cnlUuP
klg xfdL cnlUuPgf} .
d}n] km]l/ 38L x]/]F . 38L 5 ah]/ kGw| ldg6 b]vfpFb} lyof] . eGg t 5 g} eg]sf] xf], g]kfnL 6fOd xf]Og h:tf] 5 .
t/ s]xL 5}g, To:t} ;dosf nflu t xf] lg r'/f]6 ag]sf] Û r'/f]6sf] w'jfF uf]nfsf/ cfs[tL agfpFb} cfsfz 5'g p8\of] .
t/ hlt Tof] cfsflzF+b} lyof], Tolt g} kftlnFb} klg lyof] . cfsfz;Dd gk'Unf Tof] .
7'6f] tn k\mofFs]/ d'vdf ;f]nf] l5/fPF . k/ aNn cfs[tL b]vf k/L . u'nfaL /Ësf] s'tf{;'?jfn p;nfO{ c;fWo}
;'xfPsf] lyof] . dnfO{ nfUof] cfhsf] ;fFem g} u'nfaL 5, dnfO{ 5f]O{ lxF8|g\ ] l;/]6f]sf emf]Ssfx¿ klg u'nfaL 5g\ clg
cfh afg]Zj/g} u'nfaL 5 . /]zdL nfdf] skfn ldnfpmFbf ldnfpmFbf cEo:t eO;s]sf p;sf xftx¿, d}n] p;af6 gh/
x6fpg ;lsg . glhs} cfO;s]kl5 dfq d]/f] tGb|f eË eof] .
æ;/L cfO Pd n]6 .Æ
æs]xL 5}g, d}n] rflxF n]6 gx'g' kg]{ lyof] d rfF8} cfOk'uL xfn]F .Æ
d}n] lh:SofPF . l/;fpFbf p;sf] ufnf 6df6/ h:b} /ftf] x'G5 . dnfO{ Psbd dg k5{ Tolta]nfsf] ufnfsf] sn/,
x]nDa'sf] :ofpm h:t} .
xfdL b a]s/L Sofkm]leq l5¥of}F . Pp6f s'gfdf u'nfaL k|sfz rlDs/x]sf] lyof], cfs[tLsf] s'tf{;'?jfn h:t} . xfdL
ToxLF a:of}F .
ækm]l/ r'/f]6 vfof}F xf]Og < hlt eg] klg nfUb}g .Æ

21
 ;f]nf]n] sfd u/]g ls Sof xf] < d}n] dgdg} ;f]r]F .
æ36fpFb} 5', Ps} rf]6L 5f8\g t sxfF ;lsG5 / ÛÆ
ægf] PS;So'h lb; 6fOd, k|ld; ld, cfhb]lv 5f8\5' eg]/, gq d ef]lnb]lv e]6\g cfpFlbg . ;f}tf g} eO;Sof]
r'/f]6 klg ÛÆ
s]6Lx¿sf] oxL afgL /fd|f] x'Fb}g . ;fgf] ;fgf] s'/fdf klg k|ld; dL, k|ld; dL . xfdL k|ld; ug{nfO{ dfq 8]l6Ëdf
cfPh:tf] . t/ o;kfln dnfO{ kl5Nnf] jfSon] ljz]if Wofgfs{if0f u¥of] . æ;f}tf g} eO;Sof] r'/f]6 klg ÛÆ dg km'?Ë
eP/ cfof] .
æn afaf, k|ld;, cfhb]lv r'/f]6 5f]l8lbPF d}n] . t/ KnLh Tof] nfi6 nfOg Psrf]6L l/lk6 ul/b]pm g .Æ
pm xfF;L, skmL /flvlbP/ j]6/ kmls{;s]sf] lyof] .
Ps l5g xfdL b'j} df}g /x\of}F, dfgf} xfdL b'O{ Pscsf{sf] 9's9'sL ;'Gg rfxG5f}F ToxL df}gtf aLrdf . cGTodf
p;}n] df}gtf tf]8L .
æcfh l/hN6 eg]sf] xf]Og <Æ
æxf], l/hN6 t cfO;Sof], *#Ü cfof] .Æ
æafk /] Û l6«6 x'Fb}g t <Æ
æs] sf] <Æ
æl/hN6sf] lg, c? s] sf] <Æ
æa]/f]huf/sf] klg l6«6 x'G5 / cfhsn <Æ
æs:tf] k]l;ldl:6s ÛÆ
æd}n] ltdLnfO{ l6«6 lbgnfO{ klg l/hN6 s'g{'k5{ / eg]/ eGg dfq vf]h]sf] .Æ
d}n] cfkm"dflysf] k]l;ldl:6ssf] bfu d]6fpg] k|of; u/]+ .
æOlGhlgo/x¿ klg a]/f]huf/ x'G5g\ / <Æ
æOlGhlgo/ rflxF ev{/} eOof], a]/f]huf/ rflxF b'O{, tLg dlxgfkl5 yfxf x'G5 .Æ
æcfkm" t OlGhlgo/sf] un{k|]mG8 eg]/ 9'Ss ePsf] t .Æ
d xfF;], clg dfq p;sf caf]w k|Zgx¿df tfNrf nfUof] . d}n] Psrf]l6 km]l/ p;nfO{ lgofn]F . pm caf]w 5],
lgZ5n 5], To;}n] t pm /fd|L 5] .
æt/ ltdL PS:6«f 5f}, dnfO{ yfxf 5 ltdL rfF8} ha e]§fpg]5f}, To;} d}n] ltdLnfO{ dg k/fPsf] xf] / ÛÆ

p;sf o:tf zAbx¿ d]/f] sfgdf dw'/f] ;ËLt agL aHby] glhs} sfg}df s;}n] efof]lng ahfP h:tf] . pm
Psl5g To+xLF /fv]sf] Dofulhgd}+ cndlnO{ . Toltv]/ d}n] p;nfO{ Psk6s km]l/ lgofNg] df}sf kfPF . p;sf] ;'jf;n]
jftfj/0fnfO{ g} a;GtL agfO/x]sf] lyof] . km"nx¿ xfjfdf t}l//x]h:tf] nfUbYof] . h] xf];\, d}n] zf]n' z]kf{ ld; u/]sf]
lyOg . pm;sf cEo:t xftx¿ km]l/ /]zdL skfndf k''lu;s]sf lyP . nfdf] ;dokl5 d}n] df}gtf tf]8]F .
æltdL klqsf k9\b}5f}, skfn rflxF d ;'d;'DofOlbG5' .Æ
pm nhfO{, dnfO{ nfUof] ;do cg's'n 5 k|z+;fsf nflu .
æu'nfaL sn/ ltdLdf Psbd v'Nbf] /x]5 .Æ
æxf] / ÛÆ pm km]l/ nhfO{ .
æx'g t ltdLdf s] g/fd|f] b]lvG5 xf]nf / ÛÆ
ær]kf/] ÛÆ
d}n] 38L x]/]F . 306f sfF6f / ldg6 sfF6f Pscfk;df k|]dfnfk ub}{ ;f9] 5 ah]sf] ;do b]vfO/fv]sf lyP .
æ;fFRrL, cfh d}n] ;+1fnfO{ e]6]sf] lyPF . ltdLnfO{ ;f]Wb} lyO{ .Æ cfs[tLn] egL .
æklxn] hlts} /fd|L 5] Tof] cem} klg <Æ d}n] Psl5g lh:Sofpg] larf/ u/]F .
p;n] pQ/ kmsf{Og . ufnf klg /ftf] x'g yfln;s]sf] lyof] .
æ;+1fsf] ufnfsf] l8Dkn t lk|tL lhG6fsf] eGbf /fd|f] 5 x} <Æ
-cfuf]df l3p yKg' d]/f] ;fg}b]lvsf] afgL xf] . _
æx'G5 lk|tL lhG6fsf] h:tf], rfp/L k/L;sL ÛÆ
ca eg] d}n] xfF;f] yfDg ;lsg . Ps k6s hf]8n] xfF;] . cnL w]/} g} xfF;] h:tf] 5 . jl/kl/sf ;a} dnfO{ g}
x]l//x]sf lyP .

22
 æKnLh==== xfF:g] eGb}df e"OFrfnf] g} Nofpg'k5{ t <Æ
p;sf ufnf ;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf /ftf] eO;s]sf] lyof], d]/f] km]j/]6 sn/ Û
æcf]xf] Û ;ft aHg kf] cfF6]5 .Æ
len]g 38L, d]/f] jzdf ePsf] eP ls b'lgofFe/sf 38Laf6 sfF6f lemlslbGy]F, ls ;a}nfO{ cfo{3f6sf] cfuf]df
emf]l;lbGy]F .
æPsl5g a:g ldNb}g <Æ
æsxfF, efOnfO{ 9fF6]/ lxF8]sf] . gf]6 lng hfg' 5, rfF8} cfOxfN5', Psl5g ?ª\b} u/ x} t 3/ eg]/ . p;sf] klg
stf hfg' 5 /] Sof .Æ
æ;fnf ÛÆ
ælsg ufnL u/]sf] d]/f] efOnfO{ <Æ
æltd|f] efO d]/f] ;fnf ePg t <Æ
pm nhfO{ d]/f jfSox¿df :jLsf/f]lQm lbFb} . xfdL 5'l§ofF}, grfxL grfxL . aflx/ lg:sg] lalQs} d}n] Psk6s
cfsfz x]/]+F . rGb|df afbnaf6 wlt{nfO{ lrofpFb} lyof] . d]/f] rGb|df eg] af6f]kfl/ c:tfpFb} lyof] .

hf8f] ofd pTsif{df 5 clxn] sf7df8f}Fdf . r/fx¿ ;fOa]l/ofaf6 g]kfnsf] p8fgdf 5g . cfsfzel/ p8fgdf
Ao:t r/fx¿ b]lvG5g\ . kf}/fl0fs sfndf o;}nfO{ xf]nf uug ljxf/ eGg] . xf]:6nsf s]6fx¿n] kf}if !% ;Dddf xf]:6n
5f]l8lbgsf nflu clN6d]6d kfP5g\ . s]6fx¿ klg Jo:t 5g\ clxn] xf]:6naf6 jf:tljs b'lgofFdf 8]/f ;g{nfO{,
;fOa]l/og r/fx¿ h:t} . emf]nfemfD6f ;lxt s]6fx¿ klg 6\ofS;Laf6 8]/f;Ddsf] u'8fgdf Jo:t 5g\ . xfd|f] Aofrsf
w]/} s]6fx¿ afg]Zj/ ;/]5g\ . pgLx¿sf] afg]Zj/ df]x d}n] a'em\ g ;lsg . -zfob ldgejgsf] SofDk;do jftfj/0f
clg s]xL s]6fx¿sf] Pd=la=P;=klg k9b} ug]{ ;f]r_ . x'g t dnfO{ klg afg]Zj/sf] s0fs0f;Fu dfof 5 .
ca xfd|f] c8\8f klg ;¥of] . k'Nrf]s SofDk;sf] :jljo' Sofkm]af6 ldgejg SofDk; 5]j}sf] g]kfn 6kdf . ;do
pxL, ;fFemsf] 5 ah] .
ldgejg sdz{ SofDk; sf/0f csf/0f eL8 eO{ g} /xG5 k|fozM . SofDk; aflx/ h:t} eL+8 sIffleq x'G5 ls
x'Fb}g xf]nf < d Tof] af6f] lxF8\bf ;f]Rg] u5'{ . d]/f] 5]pmaf6 b'O{j6f la=la=P=sf] 8«]; nufPsf s]6fx¿ xfF:b} s6] . d]/f]
:d[ltdf k'Nrf]s SofDk;sf xf]xNnf ;lxtsf lbgx¿ Tffhf eP . lsg xf] s'lGg, pgLx¿sf] xfF;f]k|lt Oiof{ hfUof] . l/hN6
cfPsf] Ps dlxgf lalt;Sbf klg xfdLdWo] w]/} a]/f]huf/} lyof}F . a]/f]huf/L la:tf/} la:tf/} laemfpg yfn]sf] lyof], s'g}
lvn a;]sf] sfF8f h:t} . klxnfklxnf oxL s'/fnfO{ xfF;f]df p8fP klg la:tf/} la:tf/} a]/f]huf/ x'g'sf] dd{ yfxf x'g
yfn]sf] lyof] . g]kfn 6kdf ;d"x e]nf eVv/ eVv/ z'? x'g yfn]sf] lyof] .
æk|lbkn] hflu/ kfof] lg, yfxf kfO;\ <Æ
/f]zgn] ;a}eGbf klxn] dnfO{ g} xf]nf ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f u/]sf], d Hj/f] cfP/ b'O{ lbg sf]7fd} ylnPsfn] xf]nf .
æs:tf] 5 t hflu/ <Æ
æhflu/ s:tf] x'G5 < hflu/ h:tf] g} 5 .Æ
æs] xf] Tof] eg]sf], s]df eg]/ kf] ;f]w]sf] t d}n] ÛÆ
æsG6«ofS6/sf] xf], la Snf; sG6«ofS6/sf], p;}sf] 6f9fsf] dfdfsf] xf] c/] .Æ
æ:ofn/L ;'gfPg To;n] <Æ
æcfk\mg} dfG5]sf]df sfd z'? u/]sf] slQg} :ofn/L x'G5 / < sfd l;Sb}5 egf}F .Æ
æ5Fb} 5}g t :ofn/L < ef]No'lG6o/ g} xf] ls Sof xf] <Æ
æ5 5g t, 5 xhf/ 5 c/], vf;} sfd t lyPg t/ lbbLn] eg]/ dfq} eg]/ ;'gfO/xG5g\ c/] p;sf] 6f9fsf dfdfn]
ÛÆ
æ/}5 t ÛÆ
x'g t d}n] gxfF:g' kg]{ xf], p;sf] 5 xhf/sf] Joyfdf . t} klg d xfF;] .
æcfk\mgf] dfG5]sf]df sfd ug{ ufx|f] x'Fbf] /x]5 eGb} lyof] .Æ

23
 æxfdLnfO{ lh:SofPsf] xf] ls Sof xf] To;n] < a]/f]huf/sf] cufl8 cfP/ hflu/ dg k/]g, lrQ a'em]g eGg], ltvf{
nfu]sf] dlg;nfO{ kfgL b]vfP/ xf]Og dl§t]n xf] eGg] .Æ d km]l/ xfF;] .
æs] 6]G;g lnPsf], t}Fn] klg kfOxfN5;\ lg hflu/ .Æ
æsxfFaf6 <Æ
æw}o{ u/, k|ltIffsf] kmn ld7f] x'G5 Sof ÛÆ
æToxL t ul//fv]sf] 5 clxn];Dd . eg]kl5 g]kfn 6kdf k|lbk gb]lvg] eof] ca .Æ
ælar/f, ;f9] cf7 ah];Dd t ;fO6df g} a:g' k5{ . /flt/flt g]kfn 6k vf]n]/ a;] dfq} xf], k|lbk ca b]lvgnfO{
t ÛÆ
la:tf/} la:tf/} g]kfn 6k 3'OFlrb} lyof] . ;fFemsf] cFWof/f] clncln ub{} sf7df8f}FnfO{ a]b}{ lyof] . nlntk'/df an]sf
aQLx¿ s'g} wgL cfOdfO{sf] unfsf] g]sn]; h:t} b]lvO/x]sf lyP . dl/rn] lrofnfO{ lk/f] / cem tftf] agfPsf] lyof] .
d}n] ToxL lrof Ps ;'¿k tfg]F .
k|sfzn] km]l/ k|;ª\unfO{ hflu/d} 8f]¥ofof] . x'g t of] ;dodf xfdLnfO{ k|;ª\usf] cefj klg lyof] .
ægofF Eofs]G;L v'n]sf] yfxf 5 <Æ
æEofs]G;L :k]zlni6s} d'vaf6 ;'gf}F g ÛÆ d}n] eg]F .
æ6G8g :6LN; PG8 :6«Sr;{df dfu]sf] 5 c/], ev{/ lg:s]sf k|m]z;{nfO{ k|fof]l/6L lbg] c/] .Æ
æs]df lgsfn]sf] <Æ
æcfhsf] lxdfnog 6fOD;df 5 .Æ
af6fd} a;]sf] xfd|f] 3'OFrf] lr/]/ Pp6L l76L z+vd"nlt/sf] cf]/fnf] em/L .
æTotf rflxF Eofs]G;L 5 5}g ;f]Wg'knf{ h:tf] 5 .Æ d}n] eg]F .
Gflhs}af6 cf]/fnf] nfu]sL Tof] l76Ln] k|sfzsf] Wofg Eofs]G;Laf6 cGoq nfg ljjz u/fO{ .
ældgejg k9\g] s]6L xf], To;}sf] t xf] lg cl:t Pp6f s]6f;Fu af6f]d} ld8gfO6 x6 cfO/fv]sf] ÛÆ
/f]zgn] cfkm"n] b]v]sf] hfg]sf] s'/f ;a} ;'gfP/ k|i6\ofof] .
æafaf Û 8f6f sn]S;g rflxF Psbd xo'h 5 s]6fsf] . eg]kl5 xfdLn] ToxfF klg gf] Eofs]G;L 5 eg]/ a'em\ g' k¥of]
xf]Og t <Æ
æEofs]G;L vf]Hg] xf]Og, lqmP6 ug]{ xf] .Æ
/f]zgn] s]6fx¿sf] xfF;f]sf] aLrdf cfwf hn]sf] r'/f]6 dlt/ t]:of{of] .
æYofª\S;, t/ d}n] 5f]l8lbO;s]F .Æ
æefph"sf] l8df08df <Æ
æ;fgf] s'/f kfpg' x'Fb}g x}, tFnfO{ < cfkm" eg] ;a} s'/f eGof], ef]lnkN6 ToxL s'/fdf lh:SofpF5 .Æ pm xfF:of], d}n]
kf]v]sf] kL8fdf .
æt}Fn] hflu/ vfg dg gu/]sf] xf] <Æ
ædg gu/]s} xf] . sf7df8f}F aflx/ hfg] xf] eg] t a'jfn] ldnfOlbg ;Sg'x'G5 . t/ ca lh=cf/=O{= glhlsFb} 5 .
cfO{ lg8 6fOd km/ O6 .Æ
ædnfO{ eg]/ elglbg ;S5;\, st}lt/ <Æ
æt]/f] nflu Ps 7fpFdf x'g;S5, Ps b'O{ lbg klv{g'k{5 t/ . c? s]6fx¿nfO{ geg\ x} t .Æ
æef]ln ;'Gwf/f hfg'k5{ x} t x'nfsdf .Æ xfdL b'O{hgfsf] ukmdf k|sfzn] cltqmd0f u¥of] .
ælsg <Æ
æ6G8gdf xfNg] xf]Og t <Æ
æxfNg] xf] . ca Eofs]G;L v'n]sf] 7fpFdf PlKns];g, l;=eL= xfNg] afx]s c? s] g} sfd 5 / < lbpF;f] ;'Tg] ;do
a? lx+F8]/} latfpmF . cfh /flt PlKns];g / l;=eL agfpg'knf{ .Æ
cfhsf] lrofsf] / r'/f]6sf] ;];g l;l¢O;s]sf] lyof] zfob . d}n] sk x]/]F, sk xfd|f] jt{dfg h:t} l/lQPsf] lyof] .

ef]lnkN6 ;'Gwf/fsf] 3'OFrf]df k|sfz / d klg ylkPsf lyof}F . x'nfs of] jif{sf] l8=eL=n] ubf{ xf]nf zfob emg}
3'OFrf]do b]lvPsf] lyof] . k/ Pp6f k'Nrf]s SofDk;sf] efO b]lvof] .
æcf] xf] cflzif bfO ;~r} <Æ
cfkm" n'sf}F eg]/ 5]lsOg cfF6]sf] b]lvxfNof] Û oltv]/ af6f]df h'lgo/x¿ ge]l6P klg x'GYof] h:tf] nfU5 .

24
 æ;~r} 5 efO, s] 5 t ltd|f] xfnva/ .Æ d}n] slgs'yL hjfkm kmsf{PF .
æ7Ls} 5 bfO, clg tkfOF sxfF xf] t clxn] <Æ
oxL g} sf/0f xf] d pmb]lv n'Sg vf]h]sf], h'lgo/x¿nfO{ ;w}F g} l;lgo/x¿sf] hflu/sf] rf;f] x'G5 . zfob
pgLx¿ xfd|f] jt{dfgdf cfk\mgf] eljiosf] k/fjt{g vf]H5g\ .
æsxLF xf]Og efO, o;f] Eofs]G;L ePsf 7fpFx¿df PlKns];g dfq} xfNb}5' clxn] t ÛÆ
æslQsf] cfpF5 t bfO ckr{'lg6L <Æ pm dnfO{ ghflgFbf] kf/fn] 3f]Rb} lyof], ltvf] sfF8fn] . t/ d eg] xfF:g ljjz
lyPF . ;a} yfxf x'G5 Ps jif{ s'/ dfq}, eGg dg nfu]sf] lyof] t/ d}n] cfk\mgf zAbx¿ abn]+]F .
æcfpg t cfpF5 efO, t/ s'g}df dg ldNb}g, s'g}df 7fpF ldNb}g, clg w]/} h;f]df :ofn/L ldNb}g .Æ
æn t bfO nfu]F t d, l8=eL= eg{ cfPsf] .Æ
aflx/ lg:s]kl5 d}n] ddf{xt dnfO{ g} Ps k6s lgofFn] . clg k|tfk dNnsf] /fgLkf]v/LnfO{ lgofFn] . /fgLkf]v/L
d]/f] cfFz'nfO{ ;fgf] dfgL xfFl;/x]sf] lyof] . s] yfxf / /fgLkf]v/LnfO{ Û afg]Zj/df pmeGbf 7"nf] cfFz'kf]v/L aGb}5 eGg] .
æafg]Zj/ hfg] bfO <Æ
dfOqmf]sf] km'Rr]n] xfdLnfO{ leq a:g cfu|x ub}{ eGof] . hfg}k¥of] lg, cGt vfg lbg] 7fpF klg t 5}g .

laxfg sf7df8f}Fdf s'v'/fx¿ af:b}gg\ . Pnfd{sf] e/df lapFlemg'k5{ . s[lqdtf el/Psf] sf7df8f}Fsf s[lqd
s'v'/fx¿ Û laxfg ;'lt/x]sf] a]nfdf aHg] -k|d'v ¿kdf PShfdsf] a]nfdf_ 38Lsf] Pnfd{ / hlQg} ODkf]{6]G6 eP klg
laxfgsf kmf]g sN;b]lv dnfO{ l/; p75 . sd;]sd lgGb|fsf] :jtGqtf eg] ;a}nfO{ x'g'k5{ . t/ klg ;f]r] h:tf] x'Gg
hLjg, /f]h] h:tf] x'Gg hLjg, km]l/ To;dfly ;'TgnfO{ cf}iflw rflxg'eGbf p7\gnfO{ Pnfd{ rflxg' g} a]; . cfh laxfg}
kmf]gsf] 306L aHof] .
æcflzif, t]/f] kmf]g ÛÆ cfdfn] dnfO{ lapFemfPkl5 t emg p7\g' clgjfo{ g} eof] . cN5L nfuLnfuL d cf]n]{+ tnlt/
. l6 6]andf /flvPsf] lrofdf xft uof] kmf]geGbf cufl8 Û
æx]Nnf] ÛÆ
ælsg :jLr ckm t]/f] df]afOn <Æ k|sfzsf] cfjfh 7DofpFg dnfO{ Tolt ufx|f] ePg .
æo:t} xf] d t, ;'TgnfO{ l8:6a{ x'G5 eg]/ :jLr ckm u/]/ ;'Tg] xf] . p7]kl5 dfq x'G5 df]afOn cg .Æ
ægf}b]lv gf};Dd, eg\ g t ÛÆ
æTo:t} To:t} xf] .Æ
d]/f cfFvfx¿ cem} klg laxfg eO;Sof] eg]/ dfGg tof/ eO;s]sf lyPgg\ . d cfFvf ldRb}ldRb} xfF;] .
æ6G8gn] t xfdL ;a}nfO{ af]nfP5 lg, xfdL s;}nfO{ klg 5f]8]g5 OG6/lepdf ÛÆ aNn d]/f cfFvfx¿ RoflQP .
æOG6/lep slxn] <Æ
æef]ln ;f]daf/ xf]Og < ef]ln a]n'sf tLg ah]kl5 5 . xfdL ;j}sf] Pp6} ;];gdf 5 . cfh g]kfn 6k cfOh g,
;a} yfxf eOxfN5 lg .Æ
æd cfh t g]kfn 6k cfpmg EofpFlbg xf]nf, ef]ln g} e]6+f}Fnf .Æ
æcfs[tLnfO{ 6fOd lbPsf] xf]nf, sxfFaf6 cfpFly;\ t g]kfn 6kdf, a? xfdL g} b a]s/L Sofkm] cfpg'knf{, n t
d}n] kmf]g /flvlbPF .Æ
o;nfO{ elgG5 ;Rrf ;fyL zfob, gegLsg} 8]l6Ësf Knfgx¿ klg kQf nfOlbG5g\ .

;w}Fem}F cfs[tL cfh klg ;dodf cfOg . cfh cfs[tLnfO{ klv{g ufx|f] eof] . kvf{O r'/f]6 a]u/ lg/;, nfdf] /
k6\of/nfUbf] x'Fbf]/x]5 . d}n] bz ldg6leq tLg rf]6L 38Ldf cfFvf k'¥ofO;s]sf] lyPF . t/ 38Lsf sfF6fx¿ eg]
cfn:odo 9ª\uaf6 ;l//x]sf lyP . d af6f]d} cfFvf u'8fpg yfn]F . cfhsn hf8f] nfu]sfn] g]q ljr/0f klg t /dfOnf]
x'Fb}g . k"/f 9fs]sf] sk8fdf afg]Zj/df rfdnx¿====kSs} klg d]/f] cfFvfn] vf]h]sf] To:tf] lyPg . cGttf]uTjf k/ d]/f]
cfFvfn] Eofpg] l;dfgfleq cfs[tL b]vf k/L . clg glhs} cfP/ pxL k'/fgf] l/lk6]8 nfOg .
æ;/L cfO Pd n]6Æ dnfO{ l8;fO8 ug{ ufx|f] x'g]5 olb cfs[tLn] dnfO{ cfO{ ne o' w]/} egL jf æ;/L cfO Pd
n]6Æ egL ;f]lwof] eg] Û xfdL leq l5¥of}F .

25
 æ %M!% d} cfpg] xf] eg] OlG8og % eg]sf] eP eO{ xfNYof] lg .Æ d xfF;] .
æe]/L kmGgL ÛÆ p;n] xfF:g] sf/0f e]l6g .
æcfkm}F l9nf] cfpg], cfkm}F l/;fpg] ÛÆ dnfO{ Tof] /ftf] ufnfdf cem} /Ë yKg dg lyof] .
æca olQs}df l/;fPsf] x'G5 <Æ
æd}n] ;+1fnfO{ l/;fPsf] clxn];Dd b]v]sf] 5}g .Æ
æP Û Tof] ltd|L lk|tL lhG6f . clxn] t rfpl/P/ r';]sf] cfFk h:t} eO;sL .Æ
vFfbfvfFb}sf] k]i6«L /f]s]/ eP klg pm xfF:g yfnL .
æs;n] r';]5 <Æ d klg xfF;]F .
ædfnbx cfFksf] t sf]of] klg dL7} x'G5 lg ÛÆ d]/f] xfF;f] emg\ a9\b} uof] .
5]j}sf] cwj}+z] dfG5]nfO{ xfd|f] xfF;f] kr]g h:tf] 5 . dnfO{ vfpFFnf h:t} u/]/ x]l//x]sf] lyof] . dnfO{ nfUof] d
a]s/L Sofkm]sf] s:6f]d/ geP/ a]s/Lsf] s'g} cfO6d x'F .
ær';]sf] cfFksf] s'/f 5f]8, ltdLnfO{ a]s/L Sofkm]sf] cdl/z k'/L b]vfpF5' .Æ d}n] p;n] yfxf gkfpg] u/L cf}Fnf
pmlt/ t]{:ofPF . cfs[tL km]l/ xfF:g yfnL t/ xfdL o;kfnL 5]j}sf] 6]ansf] sDkm6{;Fu eg] ;ts{ lyof}F .
æ;fFRrL, y'k|} eof] ltdLn] dnfO{ d'eLsf] nflu ckm/ gu/]sf] .Æ
æa]/f]huf/nfO{ lh:SofPsf] <Æ
æltdL hlxNo} o:tf s'/f u/]/ 6f5f}{ . ltdLn] vf]Hg dg gu/]/ dfq} xf] hflu/ gkfPsf], ltd|f] cfbz{ cfpF5 hlxNo}
ltd|f] cufl8 .Æ
æltdL g} vf]lhb]pm g t .Æ
æKnLh, ltdLn] o:tf] s'/f u/]sf] k6Ss} ;''xfpFb}g . ;fFlRr, gofF va/ s] 5 hflu/ ;DaGwdf <Æ
æPs 7fpFdf af]nfpg t af]nfPsf] 5, x]/f}F .Æ
ækfpF5f} ltdLn] .Æ
æltd|f] d'vdf b"weft hfcf];\ .Æ
æs]xL gge]h eg]sf] eP klg t x'GYof] lg ÛÆ
æklxnf x'g t b]pm, To;kl5 t of]/ lj; Oh sdf08 km/ dL .Æ
xfdL a]s/L Sofkm]af6 lgl:sof}F . d}n] Psrf]l6 kms]{/ x]/]F . a]s/L Sofkm]] xfdLnfO{ xft xNnfP/ ljbf ub}{ lyof] .
cdl/z k'/L cfk\mgf] au{/df d:t lyof] . b a]s/L Sofkm]af6 rfF8} lgl:sP klg cfh xfdL afg]Zj/sf] ;GWofnfO{ lwt
d?~h]n lhpg rfxGYof}F . To;}n] afg]Zj/sf] eL8df nIfxLg xfdL b'Sn} lxFl8/x]sf lyof}F .
æafg]Zj/sf] 6«flkms nfO6, d}n] w]/} eof] ofb u/]sf], /fd|L s]6L b]Vg} x'Fb}g . cfFvf lemDSofOxfN5g\ . cfh klg
ltdLnfO{ b]v]5 . pm Û x]/ t Û z'? eOxfNof] .Æ
æh] kfof] ToxL .Æ
ækmf]8LlbpF To;nfO{ <Æ
æ5\ofÆ
pm xfF;L, Pp6f ;"o{d'vL cf]OlnP/ n'q'Ss kg]{ a]nfdf csf]{ 9sdSs km'ln/x]sf] lyof] . cfsfzsf] rGb|df jfbn'
3/leq l5¥of] . zfob p;n] b]Vg ;s]g, wtL{sf] rGb|df lgw{Ss xfF;]sf] . 9sdSs km'n]sf] . Oi{ofn' rGb|df Û
æef]ln klg OG6/lep l;l¢P/ kmls{+bf b a]s/L Sofkm]df a;f}F g x'Gg <Æ
x'Gg t lsg eGy]F / d Û
æef]ln klg <Æ
ælsg lbglbg} ltdL / d e]6\g' x'Fb}g <Æ
æTo:tf] t xf]Og . t/ lbglbg} a]n'sfa]n'sf 5f]/L x/fpg yfn]kl5 afn] rf}sLbf/L ug{ yfn] / rf}sLbf/ afsf]
rf}sLbf/Ldf kl/of] eg] < lx Oh 8]Gh/; .Æ
æclg rf}sLbf/sL 5f]/L <Æ
æ;L Oh 8]Gh/:nL So'6 .Æ
pm xfF;L km]l/, dfgf}F pm km]l/ rGb|dfnfO{ afbn' 3/leq} l5/fpg rfxG5] .
æTo:tf s'/fx¿ t rf}sLbf/sL 5.]/Lsf] dg rf]g'{cl3 g} ;f]Rg' kb{Yof] .Æ
ærf]/} t xf]Og d, Aofkf/L;Dd eGg ;S5f} . cfk\mgf] dg lbof] csf{sf] dg lnof] .Æ
æs;sf] < rf}sLbf/sL 5.]/Lsf] < ltdL clg ltd|f] Aofkf/ Û d ef]ln klv{/xG5' x} t .Æ

26
 æeg]kl5 ef]ln ltdL deGbf rfF8f] cfpg] <Æ
dnfO{ Psrf]6L p;sf] /ftf] ufnf x]g{ dg nfu]sf] lyof] . t/ crDd, pm o;kfln l/;fpFb} l/;fOg .

kx]Fnf] /Ësf] l8:6]Da/, e'OFsf] sfk]{6 clg ldnfP/ /fv]sf ;f]kmfx¿ 6G8gsf] j]l6Ë ?dnfO{ ;Dk"0f{tf lbO/x]sf lyP
. leQfsf] Olkmn 6fj/sf] lrqleq cfsflzF+b} u/]sf] Olkmn 6fj/ ca of] lrqleq aGbL x'Gg eg]/ lrRofO/x]sf] efg x'GYof]
. cfO{=cf]=O{=sf xf]xNnf ug]{ :6'8]G6sf] ;d"xg} ToxfF eP klg vf;v'; dfq rln/x]sf] lyof] . clg 6G8gsf]
l/;]K;lg:6¿kL rfdn xfdLnfO{ ;do s6fpg] dfWod alg/x]sL lyO{ . pm ldn]s} sfuhx¿nfO{ klg ldnfP/ kmfOndf
/fVg] ;'/df laufl//x]sL lyO{ .
æcfTyf ÛÆ d}n] lrdf]6]kl5 k|sfz eml:sof] .
æsqf] nfdf] n's l/;]K;lg:6nfO{ ÛÆ
æc?sf] /fd|f] xf];\, c?n] klg u/L vfpg eGg] 5}g x} . cfk\mgf] hf]8L 5Fb}5, c?sf] s] dtnj / <Æ
æhflu/ vfPkl5 lbge/L ToxL l/;]K;lg:6;Fu ;fO8 v]n]/ a:g' .Æ
ægvfP klg t l/;]K;gsf] gDa/ 5Fb}5, 3/d} a;]/ Ankm ug{'k5{ .Æ
æAnkm xf]Og, ;S5;\ eg] kfFr ldg6 uP/ ukm u/]/ b]vf t .Æ
æTolt klg lxDdt 5}g h:tf] nfUof] <Æ
ænf} t ÛÆ cfuf]df l3p yKg' d]/f] ;fg}b]lvsf] afgL xf] .
k|sfz h'?Ss p7]/ l/;]K;lg:6lt/ uof] . l/;]K;lg:6sf] cf]7df nufPsf] Un;n] tL cf]7 ;w}F af]ln/x'g agfPsf]
lyof] . p;sf] Oo/l/Ë e\mofnaf6 l5/]sf] k|sfzn] rDsfO/x]sf] lyof] . t/ d':s'/fpFb} af]Ng yfn]sL pm / p;sf] Oo/l/Ë
s'g Hofbf rlDs/x]sf] xf], d}n] 5'§\ofpFg ;lsg .
æd] cfO{ x]Nk o' <Æ p;sf] af]nL klg d':sfgs} n]ansf] /x]5 .
æxfd|f] OG6/lep sltv]/ x'g] xf]nf <Æ
km:6{ nfOg g} o:tf] ¥o'8 nfOg, s] ukm xf]nf logLx¿sf] kfFr ldg6;Dd Û Pp6f k|sfzn] rDsfPsf] Oo/l/Ëdf
csf]{ k|sfzsf] Wofg uPg . z'?jft olb /f]zgn] ug'{kg]{ ePsf] eP cfO{ Pd xG8«]8 k;]{G6 :of]/, p;sf] ukm Oo/l/Ëaf6}
z'? x'GYof] .
d}n] cfk\mgf] d'G6f], cfFvf, sfg ;a} tL b'O{sf] ;Djfbaf6 3'dfP/ 6f9f nu]F . b'O{j6f eË]/f 6]lnkmf]gsf u'h'N6]sf
tf/dfly vf;v'; ub}{ lyP . s] ub}{ lyP :ki6 b]lvPsf] lyPg . s] g} ub}{ xf]nfg\ / < ls r'krfk a;]/ tf/leqsf] ukm
;'lg/x]sf 5g\, jf s'g} zfGt :yndf 8]l6Ësf] Knfg ldnfpFb}5g\ .
k|sfz kms]{/ cfO;s]sf] lyof] . kfFr ldg6eGbf w]/} ukm eP5 d]/f] cg'dfg ljk/Lt .
æl/;]K;lg:6 t d]/L alxgLsL ;fyL kf] /lx5] .Æ
pm dVv lyof] dlt/ kmls{bf, dfgf}F pm cf]nlDksdf uf]N8 d]8n lht]/ g]kfn kmls{b} 5 .
æP Toqf] l8k ukm eof] clxNo} <Æ
æclg s] t, xfdL klg t x]G8;d g} 5f}F t/ /fd|f] l/hN6n] w}o{tf dfU5 .Æ
æawfO{ 5 .Æ
æwGojfb, t/ h] xf];\ ukm ug]{ af6f] v'Nof] .Æ
æTo;sf] nflu klg awfO{ 5 .Æ
æPs :6]k, PSnf]af6 b'Snf]tkm{ .Æ pm xfF:of] .
k|sfzsL alxgLsL ;fyL xfdLnfO|{ u'|k OG6/lepsf] lgdGq0ff lbP/ cfk\mg} 7fpFdf kmls{O{ . æcfFvf cfFvf af]ln/x]Æ
oxL uLtsf] ofb cfof] dnfO{ k|sfzsf] / k|sfzsL alxgLsL ;fyLsf] tfn b]v]/ .
æltdL cfFvfn] dfq gaf]Ng] u/, ltd|f] d'v clxn] a]/f]huf/ ePsf] 5 .Æ k|sfz pm kms]{kl5 a8a8fpFb} lyof] .
æxfdL h:t} <Æ

27
 d}n] k|sfzsf] Wofg l/;]K;lg:6af6 OG6/leplt/ tfGg vf]h]F t/ p;sf] gfua]nL rfn OG6/lepsf] nflu leq l5bf{
klg k|sfzsf cfFvf tfGb} lyP . xfdLx¿ cGof}nd}F leq l5¥of}F . /fp08 6]an clg s';L{x¿ xfdLnfO{ g} kv]{/ al;/x]sf
h:tf b]lvGy] . ToxLF xfdLnfO{ a;fOof] .
ætkfOFx¿ eGbf Ps jif{ cufl8sfx¿ klg cfpg'ePsf] lyof] . cfh laxfg .Æ
;"rgf ;Djfxg ug]{ d]g]h/ xf] zfob . ;"rgfn] xfd|f] df}gtf tf]8]g . zfob To;}n] xf]nf xfd|f] tgfju|:t cg'xf/
dfly p;n] k|nf]egsf] nfnL bNg vf]Hof] .
æxfdLn] k|m]z/ vf]h]sf] xf] t/ .Æ
d}n] p;sf] xF;fO{ Wofgn] x]/]F . p;sf b'O{j6f bfFtx¿ vlK6Psf lyP . clg To;sf] sG;LSj]G;n] ag]sf] c? b'O{j6f
bfFtx¿ aLrsf] vfnL 7fpmFn] p;sf] s'¿ktf bzf{pFb} lyof] . ;du|df pm kf}/fl0fs wf/fjflxssf] vngfos kfq h:t}
h:t} b]lvGYyf] .
ætkfOFx¿ k|m]z/ klg clg k'Nrf]saf6 klg, To;}n] o;nfO{ xfdL OG6/lepeGbf klg OGkm{d];g lzo/ ug]{
lk|OG6«f]8S6/L k|f]u|fd h:t} u/L lnpFm .Æ
OG6/lep glng], 8fO/]S6 ha OG6«f]8S;g===jf6\; uf]OË cg < ===;a}hgfnfO{ /fVg] xf] ls Sof xf] < d]/f] dg eg]
s'/f v]nfpg Jo:t lyof] . kf}/fl0fs wf/fjflxssf] vngfos kfq af]Nb} uof] .
æcf]s] Û klxnf] s'/f, sG6«ofS6 x'G5 . o' cn xofe 6' lne of]/ ;l6{lkms]6\; km/ b xf]n jg Oo/ .Æ
xfdLn] Pscsf{df d'vfd'v u¥of}F . /ftf cg'xf/x¿ Ps csf{nfO{ x]b}{ lyP . a'em\ g rflxF a'lemof], jfO{ lb; jfh
lk|OG6«f]8S6/L k|f]u|fd Û
æ:ofn/L slt xf] ;/ <Æ
Ps jif{ /fv]sf] OlGhlgo/x¿sf] ;l6{lkms]6sf] d"No a'em\ g d pT;'s lyPF . c? eg] sf]dfdf uPh:tf b]lvGy] .
æ:ofn/L t z'?df 5 xhf/ .Æ
d}n] p;sf] cg'xf/ x]/]F . xfd|f] afWotf b]Vg], kf]6]lG;on gb]Vg] w[t/fi6« cGwf] Û
æO6\; 6f]6NnL PS;Knf]O6]zg Û xf]Og / ÛÆ
æk|m]z/nfO{ t 5 dlxgf xfdLn] :ofn/L lbg] / sfd l;sfpg] b'j} ug'{k5{, a6 lj :6Ln cf/ k]loË l;S; yfph]08
ÛÆ
pm 5 xhf/nfO{ o;/L :6«]; lbFb} lyof] dfgf} Tof] 5 geO{ ;f7L xf] . k|m]z/nfO{ sfd l;sfpg' kg]{ eP lsg
k|m]z/nfO{ k|fof]l/6L lbg] < d}n] cfk\mgf zAbx¿ /f]s]F .
ærf/ jif{ xfdLn] OlGhlgol/Ëdf s;/L sfd ug]{ eg]/ g} k9]sf] xf] . tkfOFx¿n] 5 dlxgf l;sfP/ cfsflzg] km/s
t cfpFb}g xf]nf xfd|f] gf]n]hdf . ;l6{lkms]6 /fv]/ O6\; ODkf]l;an km/ c; 6' js{ P6 l;S; yfph]08 .Æ
d o; k6s tflQPF .
æxfdL;Fu 5g\ olQd} sfd ug]{ OlGhlgo/x¿ ÛÆ
æa6 ;/L ;/ cfO sfG6 .Æ
d}n] cfk\mgf] lg0f{o ;'gfO{;s]sf] lyPF . clGtd k6s p;sf] cfFvfdf cfFvf h'wfPF . p;sf lu¢] b[li6 d]/f] df;'
n'5\g cfF6]h:tf] b]lvGYof] . d vKg g;s]/ aflx/ lg:s]F . d;Fu g]kfn 6ksf] 6f]nL aflx/ lgl:sO;s]sf] /x]5 . sd;]sd
xfdLdf a]/f]huf/Lsf] lvof nflu;s]sf] eP klg xfdL uln;s]sf /x]g5f}F . d}n] aflx/ lgl:sP/ Sofgef; leqsf] Olkmn
6fj/nfO{ x]/]+, pm cem} aGbL hLjg;Fu åGå/t lyof] .
l/;]K;lg:6 k|sfznfO{ x]/]/ xfF:g vf]Hb}lyO{ . t/ k|sfz efjxLg lyof] dfgf} pm nfdf] ;dosf] lgGb|fkl5
lapFlemPsf] lyof] . aflx/af6 lgl:sP/ d eg] 5'l§P/ cfkm\g} af6f]lt/ nfu]F .

x'g t kl/jt{g afg]Zj/df lyPg, b a]s/L Sofkm]df lyPg . t/ zfob kl/jt{g ddf lyof] . cfh afg]Zj/sf]
;GWof klg /fd|L lyOg\ . zfob lbpF;f]sf] 3fdn] 89fof] xf]nf . sfnL eO5] . cfs[tL cfh rfF8f] cfO5] . pm cl3b]lv g}
clw/ dnfO{ klv{/x]sL h:tL b]lvGyL .
æxfp jfh of]/ OG6/lep <Æ
skmLsf] c8{/cl3 g;f]wf];\ eGg] k|Zg cfO;s]sf] lyof] . d}n] ;'g]sf] g;'Go} u/]/ j]6/nfO{ af]nfPF .
æefO b'O{j6f skmL .Æ
æeg g ÛÆ k|Zg bf]xf]l/of] .
æ8fFsfx¿ .Æ

28
 æs] eof] <Æ
æ:ofn/L z'?df 5 xhf/, ;l6{lkms]6 Ps jif{ /fVg] c/], s;/L sfd ug]{ Toltdf < d t OG6/leps} aLrdf
lgl:sP/ cfPF .Æ
æ7Ls} u¥of} .Æ
æt} klg ÛÆ
ælx xofh g6 l/h]S6]8 o', o' xofe 8DK8 OG;l6;8 Û 8G6 lkmn 6]G:8 of/, sxLF g sxLF t kfOxfN5f} lg .Æ
p;n] d]/f] xft ;dftL clg ;'D;'DofO{ . t/ d p;sf] cfFvfdf ;xfg'e"lt, ;fGTjgf x]g{ rfxGgy]F .
æsxfF <Æ d}n] p;sf] cfFvfdf cfFvf h'wfP/ k|Zg u/]F .
zfob of] k|Zgsf] hjfkm lyPg pm;Fu, pm df}g /xL . ;don] df}gtfnfO{ klg slxn]sfxLF ef/L agfpFbf] /x]5 .
p7fpg vf]Hbf p7fpg g;lsg], lrg{ vf]Hbf klg lrg{ g;lsg] .
æltdL hlQsf] SofnLa/ ePsf] dfG5]n] t aflx/ k9\g 6«fO{ u/]sf] eP x'g] /x]5 . d]/f] Ps hgf bfO, On]S6«f]lgS;
ltd|} Aofrsf] o'=P;= hfg'eof] .Æ
SofnLa/ ePsf] dfG5] n] t aflx/ k9\g 6«fO{ u/]sf] eP x'GYof] Û s] g]kfnnfO{ SofnLa/ ePsf] dfG5]sf] vfFrf] 5}g /
. lsg ;a}eGbf ;+w}F leGg x'G5g\ d]/f ;f]rx¿ < o;kfln dnfO{ r;Ss lae\mof] . d p;nfO{ ltdL clg ltd|f] bfO
b'j}hgf a]js'km xf} eGg klg t ;lSbgy]F . d 5]j}sf] lrgLleqsf] rDrLnfO{ o;/L rnfpFb} lyP dfgf} d ;j} l/; To;}df
kf]Vg rfxG5' . d yf]/} ;dosf] nflu eP klg a]/f]huf/sf] 6\ofuaf6 d'lSt rfxGy]F .
æs] eof] <Æ
æs]xL xf]Og .Æ
ælkmlnË 6]G:8 <Æ
æxf]Og .Æ
æs] t To;f] eP <Æ
s;/L ;'gfpFm d p;nfO{ d]/f] c;kmntfsf] syf, d leqsf] Joyf . cfhsf] lbg dnfO{ cfs[tL;Fu klg ;do sf6\g
ufx|f] eof] . w]/} ukm gu/Lsg xfdL 5'l§of}F . ;Dejt xfdL aLrsf] ;a}eGbf lr;f] e]6 lyof] Tof] . x'g t d pm;Fu s'/f
n'sfpg rfxGg, t/ l3gnfUbf 3fpmx¿df cfkm}+;Fu klg kbf{ /fVg'kg]{ /x]5 .
laxfg} /f]zgsf] kmf]g cfof] . p;n] 6G8gsf] af/]df gofF va/ 5f]8\of] . ToxfF xfdLeGbf Ps Aofr l;lgo/x¿ xfd|}
sn]hs} :6'8]G6nfO{ lnof] c/] Û
b'O{ dlxgfsf] a]/f]huf/Ln] xfdL uln;s]sf lyPgf}+, t/ Ps jif{ b'O{ dlxgf < d dgdg} xfF;]+, pgLx¿sf] jt{dfg /
cfkm\gf] eljionfO{ bfFh]/ .

d gp7] klg ;w}Fem}F k|eft ;dod} cfof] u'nfaL ls/0fx¿ af]s]/ . e\mofnsf] kbf{sf] Rofkaf6 ;w}Fem} dnfO{ lrofpFb}
klg lyof] . t/ p;sf oqf lqmofx¿sf] aLrdf klg d cf]5\ofgd} lgis[o nl8/x]F . kmf]gsf] ss{z Wjlg d]/f] sfg;Dd
cfPkl5 dfq d rndnfpg afWo ePF . kmf]gsf] ss{z Wjlg clg 38Lsf] laxfgsf] Pnfd{ d}n] slxNo} lhTg ;lsg
logLx¿;Fu .
æsf]xL 5}g 3/df kmf]g p7fpg] <Æ
d}n] tGb|fd} lr8lr8] cfjfhdf s/fPF .
g]kYo df}g lyof] dfgf} p;sf] nflu d]/f] af]nLsf] s'g} dxTj 5}g . g]kYo dfq lsg w]/}nfO{ d]/f] af]nLsf] dxTj 5}g
. cfdf, a'jf, bfh' vfgf vfP/ lgl:sP h:tf] 5 hflu/df . d s;nfO{ lrRofpFb}5' < d}n] 38L x]/]F . 38Lsf sfF6fx¿
cfkm" cfkm"d} l/;fP h:tf] 5 . Ps cfk;af6 5'l§g vf]Hb} gf} ah]/ kGw| ldg6 uPsf] b]vfpFb} lyP . lrof vfPsf] yfxf
lyof] cf]5\ofgd}, ;jf ;ftdf, To;kl5sf] b''O{ 306f ===kmf]gsf] 306Ln] dnfO{ p7\g ljjz agfof] . lsg Do'6 a6g x'Fb}g
kmf]gdf <Æ
æx]Nnf]Æ

29
 æcflzifhL x'g'x'G5 xf]nf <Æ
æxh'/ af]Nb}5' .Æ
ætkfOFn] lbAof sG;N6]G;Ldf ePsf] Eofs]G;Lsf] nflu PlKns];g / l;=eL= 5f]8\g'ePsf] /x]5 .Æ
d]/f] af]nLdf crfgs pdË ylkof] . sfnf afbnx¿ 5]j}df rfFbLsf] 3]/f d}n] b]v]F .
æ;f9] cf7 ah] laxfg xfdLn] tkfOFsf] df]afOn gDa/ 6«fO{ u/]sf lyofF} . t/ tkfOFsf df]afOn :jLr ckm ul/Psf]
/x]5 .Æ
æd ODkf]{6]G6 ldl6Ëdf lyPF ;/ ÛÆ
laxfg ;f9] cf7 ah] s:tf] ODkf]{6]G6 ldl6Ë egL 7fGof] xf]nf To;n] Û jxfgf klg agfpg gcfpg] s:tf] x':;' d Û
ætkfOFn] l;=eL=df k;]{G6]h slt eg]/ n]Vg' ePg5 lg Û
kmf]gdf g} lng cfFF6\of] ls Sof xf] o;n] OG6/lep <
æ;/, Tof] t d ;a} ;l6{lkms]6 / dfs{l;6 OG6/lepdf g} lnP/ cfOxfN5' lg, t/ klg ;/sf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu xf]
eg] d]/f] k;]{G6]h *#Ü 5 .Æ d}n] cfk\mgf] arfj ug]{ k|of; u/]F .
æxf]Og Tof] t 7Ls} 5 .Æ
æ;/, OG6/lep sltv]/ xf]nf <Æ
x'g t p;n] klg To;}sf nflu kmf]g u/]sf] xf] t/ ca ddf w}o{tf lyPg .
æOG6/lep cfh ;fFem 5 ah]/ kGw| ldg6df .Æ
5 ah]/ kGw| ldg6df, clkm; 6fOdeGbf aflx/ ===cfh} Û s:tf] xtf/ Û crDd 5 .
æx'G5 ;/ .Æ
æg]kfn 6k afg]Zj/df, cfpg'eGbf cufl8 Sofn]G8/ klg x]/]/ cfOh . clg Gofs]8 cfOh n .Æ
g]kfn 6k afg]Zj/df, Gofs]8 Û Û Û cfjfh t /f]zgsf] kf] /x]5 . nkmËfx¿ b'Mvsf] klg hf]s agfpF5g\, d}n]
e'te'tfpFb} kmf]g /fv]F . t/ p;nfO{ s] dtna Û hflu/sf] lrGtf 5}g p;nfO{ . Sofn]G8/ d'lv{;s]sf] dnfO{ cfh clk|n
km'n ePsf] b]vfpFb} lyof] . d}n] kmf]g /flvlbPF . cfs[tLsf] kmf]g ePsf] eP klg a? d 306f}F ukm ul/lbGy]F, s'g} k|;ª\u
a]u/ klg .
38Lsf] ;jf rf/n] 3/df cfdf, a'jf clg bfh' ltg}hgfnfO{ af]s]/ Nofof] . d cr]n jxfFx¿sf] cg'xf/df d]/f] nflu
dfq ;xfg'e"lt / ;fGTjgf b]V5' . oxfF;Dd ls l/hN6kl5 k9 k9 eGg] ;'emfjx¿ klg l/lQPsf 5g\ . d cr]n ToxL
eP/ jxfFx¿sf] cfFvfdf cfFvf h'wfpg ;lSbg . slxn]sfxLF bfh'sf] / d]/f] w/ftn bfFHg] u5{' . P;=Pn=;L= dfq x]g]{ xf]
eg] klg d l8l:6ª\S;g xf]N8/ clg pm ;]s08 l8lehg t/ nf:6\nL, jf6 Dof6;{ < pm clxn] rf}w xhf/sf] hflu/
vfFb}5 .
d 3/af6 lgl:sPF g]kfn 6ksf] nflu . cflv/ d}n] lbpF;f]e/L 3/sf] rf}sLbf/L ul/;s]sf] lyPF . kfOnfx¿ To;}
To;} g]kfn 6klt/ nlDsP . v'§fdf 38L afFlwb}g, To;}n] t xf]nf kfFr ah] eg]sf] 7fpFdf kfOnf ;jf rf/d} a9]sf] .
crDd 5, g]kfn 6ksf s';L{x¿ el/g yfln;s]5g\, /f]zg dnfO{ kfFr ah] af]nfP/ s] ub}{5 olQ rfF8} < ====;fOsf]
=== Û dnfO{ laxfgsf] clk|n km'n cem} lalem/x]sf] 5 . /f]zg xfF:of], dfgf} d]/f] cg'xf/ d]/f] geP/ rfnL{ RoflKngsf] xf] .
æOG6/lepnfO{ kfFr ah] af]nfPsf], ;f9] rf/d} Û l76f]nfO{ s:tf] xtf/ t ÛÆ
æxfF; xfF;, csf{sf] b'Mvdf xfF; .Æ
æGofs]8 cfpg' eg]sf] xf]Og <Æ pm cem hf]8n] xfF:of], d]/f zAbx¿ l/df]6 agL p;sf] ef]No'd a9fO/x] h:t} .
d df}g /x]F o;kN6 .
æ;fFlRr, vf]O{ t t]/f ;l6{lkms]6x¿ <Æ
d o;kfln klg df}g /x]F . d]/f] df}gtfn] p;sf] klg zAbult /f]lsof] . zfob p;nfO{ cln a9L g} ul//x]sf]
cg'ej eof] . p;n] ukmsf] k|;ª\u daf6 aflx/ nUof] .
ægofF va/ kfO;\ s]xL <Æ
æs'g} gofF Eofs]G;L v'Nof] ls Sof xf] < Eofs]G;L afx]s t c? s]xL gofF va/ h:t} nfUb}g .Æ
æxf]Og, k|sfz d'u' hfg] eof], k|f]h]S6df .Æ
æPs} lbgdf Ps}hgfnfO{ b'O{kN6 ck|Ln km'n <Æ
æxf]Og, cfO Pd l;l/o; lb; 6fOd .Æ
ælxhf];Dd t s]xL klg s'/f lyPg t <Æ
æ;a} s'/f eGg'k5{ t <Æ

30
 æt} klg . s]xL eP/ sfd gldNg] eof] eg] lh:SofpFg] klg t xfdL g} x'G5f} lg .Æ
æTof] t dnfO{{ laxfg} yfxf eof] .Æ
/f]zg km]l/ xfF:g yfNof] . p;nfO{ xfF:gnfO{ sf/0f rflxFb}g, emg of] kN6 t d]/f zAbx¿ lyP .
æd}n] clxn];Dd kQf nufpg g;s]sf] s'/f, dfG5]x¿ hflu/ s;/L vf]H5g\ eGg] xf] . l;=eL=, PlKns];g t xfdLn]
klg w]/} 7fpFdf 5f]8\of}F, t/ slxn] s] ldNb}g eG5g\, slxn] s] ldNb}g eG5g\ .Æ
æO6\; cn Pafp6 ;f]{;]h P08 lnª\S; Sof Û t]/f] k;]{G6]hnfO{ O{EofNo'P;g qmfO6]l/ofdf /fv]sf] yfxf 5 <Æ
-/f]zg clt g} oyf{yjfbL 5 ._

æbz}Fdf cfdf, a'jfn] cflzjf{b lbFbf ;fgf] x'Fbf 8S6/ x'g' OlGhlgo/ x'g' t eg], cflzjf{b nfUof] klg . Tof];Fu}
hflu/ klg vfg' egLlbPsf] eP s;sf] s] g} hfGYof] / <Æ
xfdL b'j}hgf df}g /x\of}F Ps}l5g . cnL cnL ub}{ g]kfn 6k 3'O+Flrb} lyof] . d eg] oltv]/ cs}{ s'/f ;f]Rb} lyPF . s]
xfd|f] u|'k;Fu} d klg Do'lhsn r]o/ v]Nb}5' < s] clGtd;Dd s';L{ gkfpg] d g} x'G5' t Û
ldgejg SofDk;sf] af6f] r}q dlxgfsf] cfudg;Fu} w'n] eO;s]sf] lyof] . d}n] af6f]df pl8/x]sf] w'nf]nfO{ x]/+F . w]/}
6f9f k'u]/ cfsfz g} 5'G5' eGg] ;f]r]sf] xf]nf To;n] Û cln k/ uP/ af6f]df g} v:5 Tof] .
/f]zg eg] cfkm+}Fleq x/fO/x]sf] dnfO{ r'krfk x]b}{ /x]5 . d}n] Wofg km]l/ g]kfn 6klt/ kmsf{PF . Ps l5gd} g]kfn
6k 3'O+Frf]do ePsf] lyof] .
æawfO{ 5 k|sfz .Æ
d}n] k|sfz cfpg]lalQs} awfO{ lbPF .
æYofª\S; of/, s;n] eGof] <Æ
æyfxf eO{xfN5 lg, slxn] hfg] < l6«6 x'Fb}g <Æ
ækl;{ lxF8\g' k5{ /] k"/} qmLpn], l6«6 t kms]{/ dfq} . cfhnfO{ t lrof dfq} ug{ ;lsG5 .Æ
æd}n] klg vfg vf]h]sf] t lrof g} lyof], lr;f] tftf]df dfq xf] km/s k/]sf] .Æ
ælr;} xf] vfg'kg]{ t, df};dsf] Rofn]Ghdf t/ dnfO{ a]n'sf lbbLsf]df d kl;{ lxF8\b}5' eGg hfg' 5 .Æ
xfd|} s';L{ 5]j}sf b'O{ s';L{ -cg'k / /f]zg a;]sf]_ eg] lh=cf/=O{=do eO/x]sf lyP . d}n] pgLx¿sf] jftf{df
cfk\mgf] sfg c8\ofPF .
æsxfF;Dd k'lu;\ t tF <Æ
æ (E) ;Dd .Æ
æSofnLkfOlhog, xf]Og / <Æ
p;sf cf+F}nfx¿ eg] k/ lxF8\b} u/]sL Pp6L s]6LnfO{ b]vfpFb} lyP . /f]zg xfF:of] . p;sf] xfF;f]df :jR5Gbtf 5,
nfkjf{xL 5 . gxf];\ klg s;/L < p;nfO{ a]/f]huf/Lsf] lrGtf klg t 5}g Û
æs]6f] h] xf];\, (C);Dd rflxF k'u]5 .Æ
cg'kn] /f]zgsf] xfF;f]af6 lgis{if lgsfNof] .
cfh 3'OFrf]df Pp6f a]/f]huf/ 36]sf]df lrofkf6L{ x'Fb} lyof] t/ d eg] Do'lhsn r]o/sf] l/hN6 SofNs'n]6 ug{
Ao:t lyPF .

&

lbdfudf z"Gotf / gfdsf] cufl8 OlGhlgo/sf] 6\ofu==== olt ;a} af]s]/ PSnf] lbpF;f]sf k|x/x¿ s6fpg Psbdg}
ufx|f] x'G5 . jf:tjd} eGg] xf] eg] /ft s6fpg klg ufx|f] x'G5 . P;=Pn=;L=df l8l:6S;g, cfO{=P;=;L=df ;Q/L k;]{G6
dfly, OG6«fG;df :sf]n/l;k clg la=O{=df l8l:6ª\S;g . oxfF;Dd d]/f] hLjgdf c;kmntfsf] nflu :yfg lyPg . zfob
eujfg\n] o;kfln d]/f] w}o{tfsf] k/LIff lnFb} lyP . t/ k/LIff klg lsg olt nfdf] < kmfOgn OShfd h:t} Û
P;];d]G6h:tf] 5f]6f] klg lng ;lsGYof] lg Û emGg d]/f] xftdf l/df]6 / cfFvf cufl8 PSsfO; OGrsf] sn/ 6]n]lehg
5, ;do s6fpgnfO{ . d]/f] xftsf] cltqmd0fn] of] l/df]6 klg lvOPnf h:tf] 5 rfF8} g}, clg ljr/f 6]n]lehg Û d]/f]
cf}+Fnf clg p;}lt/ t]l;{Psf] l/df]6sf] andf kbf{ kl/jt{g ul//xg'k5{ cgj/t ¿kdf .

31
 efOa|]l6Ë df]8df /fv]sf] d]/f] df]afOn sfDg yfln;s]sf] lyof] d}n] x]bf{ . x'g t pm;Fu c? pkfo klg lyPg .
sf7df8f}Fdf w}/} hf8f] t 5}g clxn] .
d}n] :qmLg x]/]F .
“ROSHAN CALLING”
df]afOn cem} klg sfld/x]sf] lyof] .
æx]Nnf]Æ
æcflzif d clxn] tLgs'g]df 5' . tF Psl5g zflGtgu/ u]6 cufl8 lg:sL t .Æ
ælsg lg xfd|f] 3/df cfpg' x'Fb}g / Û <Æ
æcfpg' t x'G5 t/ klg aflx/ lg:sL g, bfh'x¿n] eg]sf] klg dfGg] u/\ g slxn]sfxLF . cfO{ xofe ;k|{fOh km/
o' .Æ
-s:tf] ;{k|fOh < dnfO{ aflx/ lgsfNg] Knfg xf]nf . rfl6/x]sf] 5 ;f]emf] dfG5] kfP/ ._
æn t d cfPF . kv]{/ a; x} t zflGtgu/ u]6df .Æ
d aflx/ lg:s]F . sf7df8f}Fsf] Gofgf] 3fd la:tf/} rsf]{ 3fddf kl/j{tg x'Fb} lyof] . ldgejgdf dfOqmf]x¿ /Tgkfs{
k'Ug] bf}8df Jo:t b]lvGy] .
ælsg xf] /f]zg ;/nfO{ o:tf] xtf/ <Æ
ælahL dfG5]sf] o:t} xf] .Æ
æ5]p5fpdf s'g} lrof vfg] 7fpF 5}g <Æ
æ5 lg, g]kfn 6k s] xf] t <Æ
æxf]Og ToxfF s]6fx¿ cfpF5g\ . dnfO{ k|fOe];L rflxPsf] .Æ
ætF / d dfq} < s]6fx¿n] cs}{ a'em\ nfg\ lg km]l/ ÛÆ d xfF;] .
æcfs[tL x'Fbfx'Fb} <Æ
æcfs[tL;Fu a|]s cksf] xNnf lkmFhfOlbpmF t <Æ
æODkf]{6]G6 5 Sof, ;w}F lhl:sg] dfG5]n] t l;l/o; s/f u/] klg lh:s]s} x'G5, sfn' / af3sf] syf h:t} . pm
Totflt/ a;f}F .Æ
kfOnfx¿ zflGtgu/ u]6lt/ df]l8P . xfdL ;fFRr} g} cfh g]kfn 6k uPgf+} . zflGtgu/ u]6 5]pmsf] s'g} s'r'Ss
k/]sf] 7fpF lyof] Tof] . /f]zgn] uf]hLaf6 Pp6f l;=8L= lgsfn]/ dnfO{ lbof] .
æs] xf] of] <Æ
æPp6f dfq l;=8L= 5, s] h:tf] nfUof] < lbpF;f] 3/df PSn} x'G5' eg]sf] xf]Og < tnfOF lbpF;f]sf] 8f]h .Æ
æoxL xf] ch]{G6 <Æ
ælsg d}n] rflxF lhl:sg ldNb}g <Æ
æTo;f] eP s] xf] t <Æ
æcl:t Pp6f k|f]h]S6sf] Eofs]G;Lsf] nflu kmd{ el/g;\ < To;sf] sf]OZrg k]k/sf] tLgj6f ;]6 5 of] l;=8L=df .Æ
æcem} lh:s]/ k'u]g <Æ
æl;l/o; xf] d o;kN6 . t}Fn] hflu/ v'jf eg]sf] xf]Og <Æ
d}n] lrof k;ndf otfptfsf dfG5] x]/]F . xfd|f] s'/f a'em\ g] sf]xL 5}g h:tf] 5 . t} klg s;}n] ;'g] eg] < lr6lr6
lg:s]sf] kl;gfnfO{ ?dfn lgsfn]/ k'5] .
æn'lsË 6]G:8 <Æ
ætF;Fu sf]OZrg k]k/ g} eO{ ;s]kl5 lsg cfkm"n] glbg] lg OShfd <Æ
æd}n] To;sf] kmd{ g} e/]sf] 5}g, O6\; g6 dfO{ PlDa;g . of] s'/f t tFnfO{ deGbf /fd|/L yfxf 5 .Æ
d df}g lyPF . d}n] w}/} a]/ Tof] 6]andf ePsf] l;=8L=nfO{ lgofFn] . dnfO{ cfkm"leqsf] dn] Tof] glng elg/x]sf]
lyof] .
æd To:tf] lrl6Ë ug{ ;lSbg of/ .Æ
ælsg <Æ
æTolQs}Æ
æxl/ZrGb| Û b\of6\; jfO{ cfO{ 8G6 jfG6 6' x]Nk o' . tF of] slno'udf hlGdg] dfG5] g} xf]Og;\ . hfu, b'lgofFn]
tnfO{ s'lNrg'eGbf cufl8g} hfu .Æ

32
 æ sf]OZrg k]k/ s;/L kfO;\ t}Fn] <Æ
æO/]n]e]G6 6lkS;df ghf g ca .Æ
æk9]/} dfq klg t lgsfNg ;lsPnf lg .Æ
d]/f] cfjfh ;fgf] lyof] o;kN6, w]/} g} an k|of]u u/]/ af]n] h:tf] . dfgf}F :j/ u'?Tjfs{if0f lj?¢ s'g} ulx/f]
s'gfaf6 lgl:s/x]5, d]/f] 3.F6Lsf] ;f6f] .
ætF cem} ToxLF cl8/x]sf] 5;\ xf]Og . dnfO{ yfxf lyof] s]6fs]6LnfO{ Jojxfl/s s'/f a'emfpg ufx|f] x'G5 eg]/ . t/
d;Fu Pp6f OGkm{d];g 5, tFnfO{ z]o/ ug{nfO{ . of] sf]OZrg k]k/ c? tLg 7fpFdf lns eO;Sof] . ;f] SofNs'n]6 of]/
kf]l;lalnl6h .Æ
d df}g lyPF . d}n] hf]v]F, xhf/f}F cfzfx¿, xhf/fF} ;kgfx¿, ljutsf] rf/ dlxgfsf] a]/f]huf/L clg csf{] kf6f]df
d]/f] l97 .
æt}Fn] Tof] hflu/ vfFb}g;\, c? s;}n] vfG5 . t/ cfO{ Od 8\ofd :o'c/ O6 ljn g6 la lkmo/ 6' ÛÆ
/f]zgn] zfob d]/f] df}gtfdf d]/f] :jLs[lt b]lv/x]sf] lyof] .
rf/ dlxgfdf o:tf t 7fpFx¿ w]/} g} eO;s]sf lyP hxfF d}n] kfpg'g}kg]{ eP/ klg kfOg xf]nf . olb d klg
clxn] pgLx¿nfO{ em'SofpFb}5' eg] s] d ulNt ub}{5' <
æ;f] <Æ /f]zg d]/f] hjfkm klv{/x]sf] lyof] .
æx'G5 . d lk|k]o/ u5'{ To;f]eP ÛÆ
æb\of6\; k|flS6sn t/ ca of] RofK6/ Snf]H8 x} t . d;Fu klg o;sf] s'/f x'Fb}g x} t .Æ
æcfO gf]==== clg Yofª\S; of/ .Æ
-kfun ;fnf, d klg p;sf] 7fpFdf ePsf] eP olQ rflxF ug{ ;lSbgy]F . t/ 7Ls} xf], eujfg\n] ;a}nfO{ Ps}h:tf]
lbdfu lbFb}gg\ ._
æPlglyË km/ o' ÛÆ
/f]zg lxFl8;s]sf] lyof] . d lj:tf/} cfkmgf] 3/lt/ nlDsPF . l56f] uP/ klg t s] g} ug'{ lyof] / d}n] . sf]OZrg
k]k/ d]/f] xftdf kl/;s]sf] lyof], dnfO{ lh=cf/=O{= lbg' klg lyPg / cfdfn] /flt :6f/ Kn;df x]l/;s]sf l;l/onx¿nfO{
bf]xf]¥ofpg' klg lyPg .
3/ hfg] lalQs} sDKo'6/ vf]n]/ x]/]F tLg}j6f ;]6x¿ Psl5g . clGtd k6s d}n] O{lyS;sf] af/]df klg ;f]r]F, k|tfk
dNnsf] /fgLkf]v/Ldf d]/f] O{lyS; 8'Ab} lyof] klxnf]kN6 . To;kl5sf] ps';d's'; d]6fpg afy?d uP/ d'v wf]PF . P]gf
x]g{ vf;} dg nfu]g .

*
d Tof] OShfdsf] nflu k9]sf] 3/df s;}nfO{ klg dg k/]sf] lyPg . ^ j6f lhNnf 5fg]sf] Tof] k|f]h]S6n] kxf8L
lhNnfdf k'¥ofpg] lglZrt k|foM lyof] . cfdf t dnfO{ ;w}F g} aRrf g} b]Vg'x'G5 . Tof] x'g t cfdfx¿sf] cfFvfsf]
;fd"lxs bf]if xf], Pstf sk'/sf] l;l/on x]g]{ afgL h:t} Û clg ltF dfly g]kfnsf] åGåu|:t, tgfju|:t cj:yf Û t/ d
cl8u lyPF, d]/f] k/LIffsf] bf]ifnfO{ sfdsf] OdfGbfl/tfn] kvfNg] lg0f{o ul/;s]sf] lyPF . x'g t 3/sf dfG5]sf] d]/f] nflu
c? pkfo klg t lyPg cflv/ .
d;Fu ePsf tLgj6fdWo] Pp6f ;]6df cndlnO/x]sf] a]nf df]afOn cfk\mgf] l/Ë6f]g ahfpg yfNof] . d}n] :qmLgdf
x]/]F .
“AAKRITI CALLING”
gfd dfq klg d]/f] cg'xf/df d':sfg NofpgnfO{ kof{Kt lyof] .
æx]Nnf] .Æ
æltdL gaf]n d;Fu .Æ
s]6Lx¿ agfO{ ;s]kl5 eujfgnfO{ w]/} k5'tf] eof] xf]nf ¿ksf] cg'kftdf lbdfu lsg lbOg eg]/ . gq kmf]g u/]/
s;}n] ltdL gaf]n d;Fu eG5 < t/ dnfO{ p;sf] l/;sf] sf/0f klg yfxf lyof] . lxhf] d}n] p;nfO{ kmf]g u/]sf] lyOg .
æ;/L ÛÆ d;Fu p;nfO{ v'zL kfg]{ of] eGbf 5f]6f] zAb lyPg . p;sf] l/; ;f]r]eGbf rfF8} ;]nfof], ;w}F h:t} .
æltdL cfh g]kfn 6kaf6 km';{b lgsfNg ;S5f} <Æ

33
 d cfkm"n] lk|k]o/ ub}{ u/]sf sf]OZrgsf ;]6x¿ kG5fpFb} cf]5\ofgdf 9Ns]F .
æltdLn] eGg] d gcfpg], slxNo} ePsf] 5 o:tf] < s] 5 / xfd|f] Knfg <Æ
æs'df/L l;g]df, # b]lv ^ ah];Dd ækmgf ÛÆ 6«]n/sf uLt d]/} sfgdf u'Gh] h:tf] nfUof] .
æsxfF cfpg' kg]{ xf] d}n] <Æ
æafg]Zj/ rf]sdf b'O{ ah] .Æ
æx'G5 .Æ
dnfO{ kmf]g /fVg dg t lyPg t/ cfs[tLn] g} kmf]g /fv]kl5 kmf]g em'08\ofP/ a:g'sf] s'g} cf}lrTo klg t lyPg .

afg]Zj/, b'O{ ah]

cfs[tL cfh ;dod} cfO5] . s'l//x]sL lyO{ dnfO{ . d]/f] k;{gn PS;k]l/oG;, s]6Lx¿ d'eL eGg] ljlQs} Psbdg}
kª\Ro'cn x'G5g\ . d}n] cfs[tLnfO{ lgofFn], p;sf] lgwf/sf] 6Lsfn] p;dfly yk ;f}Gbo{ yKb} lyof] . s'g} clåtLo snfsf]
lkmlgl;ª h:t} .
æeujfg\n] k"/} ljG6/ Eofs];g vr{ u/]/ agfPsf] cfO6d ÛÆ glhs} uP/ d a8a8fPF .
æs] <Æ
æltdL ÛÆ
æ5\of ÛÆ
s'g s]6LnfO{ dg kb}{g xf]nf k|z+;f < cem dgaf6 ul/Psf] k|z+;f .
æxfdLnfO{ rflxF P;];d]G6sf] cufl8sf] lbgsf] k9fO{ h:tf], cfh Dofg'km\ofSr{8 ef]ln l8:KofR8 .Æ
æltdL clg ltd|f s'/fx¿ ÛÆ
æs] <Æ
æ;'g]/ klg g;'g]h:tf], a'em]/ klg ga'em]h:tf] .Æ
æO{lGhlgo/sf] sf]8j8{ a'em\ g t rf/ jif{ k9\g'k5{ .Æ
æk9\g' 5}g dnfO{, rf/ jif{ k9]/ klg b'Mv kfpg] ;Ah]S6x¿ . 6\ofS;L /f]s g, l9nf] eO;Sof] .Æ
æcufl8sf] 6«]n/ klg ld; ug{ gx'g] xf] ls Sof xf] <Æ
af6f]df ;gg u'l8/x]sf] Pp6f 6\ofS;L d]/f] xftsf] k|efjn] /f]lsof] . uGtAodf k'u]kl5 k|lqmofut ¿kd} km]l/
/f]lsof] . d]/f] xft uf]hLlt/ hfFb} dfq lyof], cfs[tLn] /f]sL .
æeOxfNof], cfhsf] km'n 8] d]/f] l6«6 .Æ
ælsg <Æ
æltd|f] nflu ;k|{fOh 5 .Æ
æeg g .Æ
æcfO{ u6 b ha .Æ
cfs[tLsf] hflu/ Û of] s'/fsf] k|;ª\u t xfd|f] ukmdf clxn];Dd p7]sf] lyPg . PsfPs <
/f]lsPsf] 6\ofS;LnfO{ xfd|f] ukmsf] s] dtna / <
æl56f] k};f lbg';\ g .Æ 6\ofS;L 8«fOe/ ?lvof] .
d}n] emnSs xfd|f] ukmsf] xTof/fnfO{ x]/]+ . em':; bf/L, Psbd g} ?vf], ;'Vvf cfFvfx¿, hLjge/L dfofsf] cg'xf/
gb]v]h:tf] . cfs[tLn] cfkmgf] k;{af6 ;o ?k}ofF lgsfn]/ lbO{ . d}n] 6\ofS;L 8«fOe/sf] cg'xf/af6 cfFvf x6fP/ cfdf;Fu
9fF6]/ NofPsf] xhf/sf] gf]6nfO{ x]/]F . d]/f] uf]hLleq pm d:t lgGb|fdf lyof] . d'eLkl5g} cfs[tLsf] t/g cfbz{sf] cjtf/
k|s6 eO;s]sf] lyof], oxfF of] x'g'kg]{, oxfF of] gx'g'kg]{ . clg k|Zgsf] y'k|f] Û
æs:tf] nfUof] t d'eL <Æ
ædnfO{ s] yfxf, d t ltdLnfO{ g} x]/]/ a;]F .Æ
æh] kfof] ToxL .Æ
æ;fFRr} ÛÆ
æeg g ÛÆ
æ7Ls}, km:6{ xfkmdf 8fogflds ne:6f]/L, ;]s08 xfkmdf lxGbL d;nf . To:t} t xf] lg lxGbL lkmNdx¿ ÛÆ

34
 ækm:6{ xfkm /fd|f] lyof] <Æ
æclg <Æ
dnfO{ yfxf lyof] pm k|f]6]:6 ug]{jfnf 5], d}n] p;sf] cg'xf/ x]/]+, ufnfx¿df /Ë r9g yfln;s]sf lyP . d]/f]
dgkg]{ /Ë .
ækm:6 xfkm t emg vQd lyof] . s]6Lx¿ Tolt ;Dd lgl/x x'Fb}gg\ . b'O{ lbgd} ufO8;Fu hfg] u/L, emg s]6Lsf]
km]ldnL, pgLx¿n] klg g/f]s]sf], pm cK;gn]; g} 5] h:tf] u/]/ .Æ
d}n] t of] lkmNd gx]/]sf] eP x'g] /x]5 . k"/} syf t 8]l6Ëd} ;'Gg kfOg] /x]5 .
ædfof cGwf] x'G5 eGg] yfxf 5}g / ltdLnfO{, ltdL klg t cem} d h:t} a]/f]huf/;Fu g} 5f} lg .Æ
æd klg t cK;gn]; g} 5' lg .Æ
pm xfF;L, dnfO{ r;Ss 3f]r]/ . ca eg] d}n] g} k|;ª\u abNg rfx]F .
æs]df xf] ltd|f] hflu/ <Æ
æ;fFRrL, awfO klg lbPgf} x} ltdLn] <Æ
pm l/;fP h:tf] u/L, t/ p;sf] ufnfsf] sn/df s'g} kl/jt{g lyPg . d p;sf] l/;nfO{ lrG5' .
æawfO 5 ld;, ca eg s]df xf] ltd|f] hflu/ <Æ
ævf;} t xf]Og, Pa|f]8 :68Lsf] nflu l8n ug]{ sG;N6]G;L xf] . afg]Zj/d}+ 5 .Æ
æaflx/ k7fpg]x¿sf] <Æ d}n] gfs v'DRofPF .
æltdLnfO{ Pa|f]8sf] s'/f lsg dg gk/]sf] d}n] slxNo} a'em\ g g;Sg] ePF .Æ
æ;a}sf] rfxgf Ps} lsl;dsf] x'Fb}g .Æ
æyfxf eof], s;} s;}nfO{ l;F9L dg kb}{g, gofF 9f]sf vf]Ng] .Æ
æd klg Pp6f k|f]h]S6sf] nflu hfFr lb+Fb}5' cfhsf] tLg lbgkl5 . /fd|/L g} lk|k]o/ u/]sf] 5' kfpF5' xf]nf .Æ
d}n] cfkm"nfO{ klg p;sf] w/ftndf pEofpg] k|of; u/]F .
æs] ug'{k5{ To;df <Æ
æsfd .Æ
æeg g ÛÆ
ævf]O{ g]kfnsf] s'g} s'gfdf k7fpF5 xf]nf .Æ
ækxf8lt/ t dfcf]jfbLx¿ x'G5g\ x}g / <Æ
æeP/ s] x'G5 t <Æ
æck\m7\of/f] x'Fb}g <Æ
ædnfO{ s] dtna / Û pgLx¿ klg t dfG5] g} x'g clg d cfdL{ klg t xf]Og lg .Æ
pgn] s'g} k|lt/f]w ul/g\ . lxF8\bflxF8\b} xfdL afg]Zj/ cfO{k'lu;s]sf lyof}+F . afg]Zj/df ;GWof l5l/;s]sL lyOg\,
cfs[tLsf] v'n]sf] skfn;Fu k|ltikwf{ ub}{ lyOg\ . xfdL 5'l§of}F, x]bf{x]b}{ pm afg]Zj/sf] ;GWofdf x/fO{ . d}n] klg 3/lt/
kfOnf a9fPF .

(
/ftn] cfkm\gf] ;fd|fHo lkmFhfO;s]sf] lyof] . sl/a sl/a cfwf sf7df8f}F lgGb|fdf lyof] xf]nf . d ef]lnkN6sf]
cAh]lS6e k]k/sf] l/lehg ub}{ lyPF . cfdf eg]F bQlrQ eP/ cfkm"nfO{ dg k/]sf 8]nL l;l/ondWo]sf] s'g} Pp6f x]b}{
x'g'x'GYof] . æs;f}6LÆ, æs'ds'dÆ, æsfhnÆ jf c? s'g} “K” af6 p7]sf] dWo] s'g} Pp6f xf]nf .
d]/f] df]afOndf ah]sf] 306Ln] Wofg cAh]lS6e k]k/af6 df]afOndf n}hfg afWo t'Nofof] . d}n] df]afOnsf] :qmLgdf
x]/]F+—
“ROSHAN CALLING”
æx]Nnf] .Æ

35
 ælk|k]o8{Æ
ænueu nueu of/ ÛÆ d cfkm"n] lk|k]o/ ub}{ u/]sf cAh]lS6esf l;6x¿ kG5fpFb} cf]5\ofgdf 9lNs+Fb} eg]F .
æPp6f g/fd|f] va/ 5, tL tLgj6f dWo]af6 gcfpnf h:tf] 5 ef]ln .Æ
æs]====Û lsg====<Æ
pm kmf]gd} hf]8n] xfF:of] .
æhf]s u/]sf] of/, s:tf] 8/fPsf] .Æ
/f]zg clg p;nfO{ dfq xfF;p7\g] hf]sx¿ .
æRofK6/ Snf]H8 eg]sf] xf]Og t <Æ
æxf] x'g t, Plgj]h, a]:6 ckm ns .Æ
æYofª\S; of/ .Æ

Ps lbgkl5,

cAh]lS6e k]k/sf] OShfd eof] . clxn];Dd ePsf] ;a}eGbf ;lhnf] OShfd Û OlyS; a]r]/ lbPsf] OShfd, g/fd|f]
t x'g] s'/} lyPg . kl;{;Dd l/hN6 cfpg] s'/f lyof] .

b'O{ lbgkl5,

l/hN6 cfPkl5 dnfO{ Pkf]OG6d]G6 n]6/sf] nflu af]nfOof] . d}n] of] v'zLsf] s'/f 3/df, cfs[tLnfO{ / /f]zgnfO{
;'gfO;s]sf] lyPF . cfs[tL;Fu ^ ah] e]6\g] s'/f eof] . cfhsn % ah] cfpFg EofpFlbg, hflu/] ePsL 5] pm . d}n]
bfr{'nf hfg' kg{] eof] . ;'b"/klZrdsf] kxf8sf] lhNnf, t/ dnfO{ kxf8 / t/fO{;Fu vf;} dtna lyPg, dnfO{ d]/f] b]z
dfq rflxPsf] lyof] sfd ug{nfO{ .
/f]zg dnfO{ s'/]/ clkm; aflx/ al;/x]sf] lyof] .
æOlGhlgo/ ;fk, sxfF hfg] x'g'eof] t <Æ
æbfr{'nf .Æ
æcfh df};dn] Rofn]Gh unf{ h:tf] 5 . cy{tGq s:tf] 5 <Æ
ætF l8dfG8 dfq u/\ Sof .Æ
æsxfF lu5{ t lah'nL cfh <Æ
ælh/] vf];f{gL, ;ft ah] .Æ
æ;ft ah];Dd d s] u/]/ a:g' <Æ
æcg'ksf]df uP/ cg'knfO{ klg lnP/ cfOh g .Æ
æa'em]+F .Æ
æs] <Æ
æb a]s/L Sofkm] <Æ
;fFRr} g} /f]zgn] d]/f] ;a} s'/f a'em\ 5 . d xfF;] .
æ/f]ldof] Û h'lno6 afx]s klg w]/} s'/f 5g\ of] ;+;f/df, n t 7Ls} 5 d / cg'k pxLF cfpFnf .Æ cGTodf eg] p;n]
d]/} k|:tfj kfl/t u¥of] .

b a]s/L Sofkm]
d 5'l§P/ hfFb}lyPF ToxfFaf6 b'O{ rf/ dlxgfsf] nflu, d]/f] k|]dsf] Oltxf; af]s]sf] Sofkm], ToxfFsf s';L{–s';L{ clg
6]an–6]an dfofsf] kl/efiff l;sfpF5g\ dnfO{ . haha cfs[tL / d ToxfF ;fy–;fy x'G5f}F ta–ta k|tfk dNnsf]
/fgLkf]v/Lsf] dfofsf] Oltxf; dnfO{ ;fgf] nfU5 .
d aflx/ a;]/ klv{P/ a;]F cfs[tLnfO{ . cfs[tL ;w}F h:t} cfh klg bz ldg6 l9nf] cfO{ . clg ;w}F h:t},
æ;/L cfO{ Pd n]6 .Æ
æs]xL 5}g, cfh t d h] klg krfOlbG5' .Æ
æsª\u|]h'n];G;, sxfF eof] t hfg'kg]{ <Æ

36
 æbfr'{nf .Æ
æbfr'{nf, sxfF xf] Tof] eg]sf] <Æ
s]6Lx¿sf] ;fdfGo 1fg, olb d}n] lnª\sg /f]8 eg]sf] eP p;n] lh=lk=P;= h:t} dnfO{ nf]s];g atfOlbGyL .
ædxfsfnLsf] 6'Kkfsf] lhNnf xf] .Æ
æufx|f] x'G5 xf]nf x} <Æ
æ;lhnf] t s] 5 / ;+;f/df, t/ dnfO{ yfxf 5 a]/f]huf/L eGbf ;lhnf] x'G5 .Æ
pm xfF;L d]/f] pQ/af6 ;Gt'i6 eP/ . p;n] rSn]6 s]s c8{/ u/]sL lyO{ . d eg] p;sf] cfFvf 5Ng k|of;/t lyPF
. cflv/ dnfO{ lh/] vf];f{gLsf] nflu k]6df 7fpF klg t /fVg' lyof] .
æslxn] hfG5f} t ltdL <Æ
ækl;{, labfO{ ug{ cfpFb}gf} ltdL <Æ
nfdf] df}gtfkl5 p;n] pQ/ lbO{ .
æd ltdLnfO{ ljbf ug{ rfxGy]F . t/ kl;{ t d]/f] clkm;sf] tkm{af6 dnfO{ Pp6f ODkf]{6]G6 ;]ldgf/sf] nflu
5flgPsf] 5 .Æ
æs]xL 5}g, d s] 5 jif{sf] km'Rr] x'F /, labf ug{nfO{ ;fyL rflxg] ÛÆ
d}n] cfk\mgf] cg'xf/df s'g} kl/jt{g NofOg lsgls d}n] kQf nufpg ;lsg d uDeL/ x'g'kg]{ xf] ls v'zL x'g'kg]{
xf] p;sf] k|ult b]v]/ . /f]zgsf] P;=Pd=P;=n] d]/f] tGb|f eª\u u¥of] . d}n] 6]S:6 Dof;]h vf]n]/ x]/]F .
“ ROMEO, DATING STILL ON ?
WAITING FOR U
IN JIRE KHORSANEE”
æd ltdLnfO{ bfr'{nf k'u]kl5 kmf]g u5'{ To;f] eP, /f]zgn] dnfO{ klv{/x]sf] /x]5 . Totf klg hfg'5 . p7f}F xf]nf
xfdL <Æ
æx'G5 .Æ
d}n] lan k] u/]F . xfdL b'j} hgf p7\of}F clg af6fx¿ RofltP .

lh/] vf];f{gL,L

cfh Tolt eL8 lyPg ToxfF . cg'k / /f]zg s'gfsf] 6]andf al;/x]sf lyP .
æl9n} eP klg OlGhlgo/ ;fk cfOk'Ug' eof] . d t cl3 vfPsf] af]gn]; lrnLsf] k};f klg efF8f dfem]/ r'sfpg'
kg]{ eof] eGg] ;f]Rb} lyPF .Æ
æxf]Og, efUg] af6f] klg 5 .Æ d xfF;] .
:GofS; / x\jL:sLsf Unf;x¿ ;]n]a|]zgsf nflu t}of/ eO;s]sf lyP . /f]zg pb\3f]ifssf] :j/df af]Nof] .
æcfhsf] ;fFem bfr'{nfsf] OlGhlgo/ ;fksf] nflu .Æ
cª\lstn] klg Unf; p7fof] . lro;{ zAb;Fu} tLgj6} Unf;x¿ 7f]lsP ldt nfpgnfO{ 6fpsf] h'wfPh:t} .
æslxn] lxF8\g] t <Æ
ækl;{ .Æ
cg'ksf] k|Zgsf] d}n] ;l6s pQ/ lbPF .
xfdLn] To;kl5 w]/} ;do df}gtf / r'l:ssf] aLrd} latfof}F . 5]j}sf] af6f]df s'lb/x]sf uf8Lx¿ KfftlnFb}+ /ft
aflSnFb} uPsf] k|i6 kfb}{ lyP . cGTodf /f]zgn] g} df}gtf tf]8\of] .
æcfh ODkf]{6]G6 6lkS;x¿ w]/} 5g s'/f ug{nfO{ .Æ
æclxNo} af]nL n8\v8fpg yfln;Sof] s] s'/f unf{ /f]zgn] <Æ cg'k xfF:g yfNof] .
æxf] / /f]zghL, ;'gfpg'xf];\ g t ODkf]{6]G6 6lkS;x¿ .Æ
;w}F h:t} cfh klg gofF–gofF b{zg ;'Gg kfOG5 eGg] yfxf x'Fbfx'Fb} d}n] p;nfO{ af]Ng cg'dlt lbPF .
æh:tf] x\jL:sL vfg] Unf; ;w}F 6«fG;Kof/]G6 lsg x'G5 <Æ
æx\jL:sLsf] sn/ s:tf] 5 kQf nufpgnfO{ .Æ
cg'kn] cf1fsf/L afns h:t} /f]zgsf] k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbof] .

37
 æ7Ls, rt'/ afns zL3| k7tL . dfG5]sf] d'6' klg To:t} x\jL:sL xf], clg Unf; dfG5]sf] cg'xf/ . ltdL h] 5f}
cg'xf/af6 To:t} b]lvG5f} .Æ
æ:6Ln Unf;]h <Æ
cg'ksf] k|Zg;Fu} /f]zgsf lyo/Lx¿ z'? eO;s]sf lyP .
æu'8 sf]OZrg, s]6fx¿sf] cg'xf/ x\jL:sL vfg] Unf;, s]6Lx¿sf] cg'xf/ :6Ln Unf;]h .Æ pm hf]8n] xfF:of] . pm
v'zL lyof], cfOG;6fOg klg lyo/L ckm l/n]l6le6L k|ltkfbg u/]/ Tolt v'zL lyPgg\ xf]nf . t/ of] /ftn] /f]zgaf6
cem} w]/} lyo/L hGdfpg afFsL lyof] .
æjfO{ <Æ
cg'k cem} klg pT;'s lyof] . To;} aLrdf xfdL ;a}sf] Unf;df d}n] x\jL:sLsf] Ps Ps k]u yk]F .
æltgLx¿ b]lvFb}gg ltgLx¿ s] x'g\ jf:tjdf eg]/ .Æ /f]zgn] cfk\mgf] el/Psf] Unf; cg'knfO{ b]vfof] . d xfF;] .
ælsg xfF;]sf] < ;fFrf] s'/fdf klg xfF:g'k5{ <Æ
dnfO{ jf:tjdf p;sf] k'Nrf]s SofDk;sf] nfnk/Ljfnf Pkm]o/ ofb cfPsf] lyof] .
æTo:tf] xf]Og, cF clg s]6Lx¿ s:tf x'G5g\ t <Æ d}n] hfgLhfgL s'/fnfO{ nDAofPF .
æs]6Lx¿ < s]6Lx¿ eg]sf rSn]6 x'g, ;a}df x'g t l8km/]G6 6]:6 t x'G5 . t/ d]g s'/f b] cn cf/ :jL6 .Æ
ædxfg\ bf{zlgs /f]zgsf] b u|]6 rSn]6 lyo/L .Æ d km]l/ xfF;], hf]8n] 6]an 76fP/ .
æbfr'{nfsf] OlGhlgo/ ;fk, :6Ln Unf; lyo/L t tkfOFnfO{ klg rflxG5 xf]nf . ltgLx¿ b]lvFb+}gg\ ltgLx¿ s] x'g
jf:tjdf eg]/ .Æ
xfdLn] csf]{ Ps k]u yKof}F xfdLnfO{ a9L ePsf] yfxf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg .
æcg'knfO{ rSn]6 lyo/Ldf OG6«]:6 5}g <Æ d}n] cg'knfO{ k|Zg u/]F .
æca cd]l/sf uPkl5 a'em\ 5' rSn]6sf af/]df .Æ
æb]z3ftLx¿, b]zsf] dfof gx'g]x¿ .Æ d h'?Ss p7]/ s/fPF .
æd]/f] nflu t b]zsf] dfof / s]6Lsf] dfof b'j} Plnog x'g\ .Æ cg'k la:tf/} af]Nof], d}n] p;sf] cfjfh ;'Ggf;fy
s'6\5'em}F u/]/ .
ædnfO{ t k'Uof] of/, l/Fu6f nfUg yfNof] .Æ
/f]zgn] ;ef lj;{hg u¥of] . d}n] 38L x]/]F . c/] Û 38Ldf t Pp6f dfq} sfF6f 5 . xf]Og xf]Og, bz aHg bz ldg6
afFsL /x]5 . lan k] u/]kl5 xfdL tLg}hgf 9'gd'lgb} aflx/ lgl:sof}F . cg'ksf] sf]7f xfdLnfO{ ;'tfpg tDtof/ eP/
a;]sf] lyof] .

To;sf] b'O{ lbgkl5 d klg bfr{'nfsf] nflu ;j}hgf;Fu ljbf eP/ dx]Gb|gu/sf] a;df r9]F . u'bkfs, 38L
a]Rg]x¿nfO{ 5f]8\b} a; cl3 a9of] . cfs[tL p;}n] eg]h:tf] dnfO{ labf ug{ cfOg .

!)
bfr'{nf, g]kfn olb 8fFkm] ag]/ klZrd lbzfdf p8fg p8\of] eg], 8fFFkm]¿kL g]kfnsf] slNs . pQ/ klZrd s'gfsf]
lhNnf . :ki6 ¿kdf eGg] xf] eg] bfr'{nf, g]kfnLn] la;]{sf] g]kfn . kl/jxg ldq/fi6«af6 ;lhnf], ;fdfg ;a} ldq/fi6«s}
k|rngdf . /fi6«jfbL egfpFbfx¿nfO{ Pp6f bl/nf] k|Zg ag]/ pQ/ klZrd s'gfdf 7l8O/x]5 7l8O/x]5 .
d;Fu bfr'{nf k'Ug] b'O{j6f af6fx¿ lyP . Pp6f cQl/ofaf6 88]nw'/f clg a}t8L To;kl5 uf]s'n]Zj/ -bfr'{nf_ /
To;kl5sf] Ps lbgsf] k}bn ofqf ;b/d'sfdsf] nflu . s'n ldnfP/ :jb]zL af6f] tLg lbgsf] . / csf]{ dx]Gb|gu/af6
6gsk'/, 6gsk'/af6 lkyf}/fu9 clg wfr'{nf To;kl5 k'n s6]/ bfr'{nf . ljb]zL af6f] Ps lbg dfqsf] Û x'g t ljsf;
ug]{ lbdfux¿ ljb]lzg Jo:t b]zaf6 ck]Iff Hofbf /fVg klg t ;ls+Fb}g . /fhs'df/ lbSkfnn] h:t} d}n] klg 5f]6f] af6f]
g} lng] lg0f{o u/]F . ljb]zL af6f] Û
ldq /fi6«sf] af6f]df klg t gf} 306f nfdf] lhksf] ofqf lyof] . To;df vfFbL vfFbL /flvPsf ofqLx¿, w]/}h;f]
g]kfnLx¿ . To;dfly kxf8L af6f]sf] k|lqmofut lgoldttfn] ubf{ lelh/xg] tL lhksf uGxfpg] e\mofnx¿ . h;f]t;f]
u/]/ wfr'{nf;Dd k'luof] .

38
 d}n] 38L x]/]F . 38L s'g} ljBfyL{ lk6L v]NgnfO{ t}of/, xft dfly pEofPsf] efg kfg]{ u/L tLg ah]sf] hfgsf/L
lb+Fb} lyof] emf]n'Ë] k'n s6\bf cyjf pgLx¿sf] zAbdf eGg] xf] eg] 3f6 s6\bf . ;"o{sf] /fk u'nfaL x'Fb} lyof], cfs[ltsf]
s'tf{ ;'?jfn h:t} . clg dxfsfnL gbL bfr'{nf / wfr'{nf b'j}nfO{ cFufnf]df a]/]/ ofqfdf Ao:t lyOg\ . lxF8\bfv]/L klg
xlNng] bfr'{nf / wfr'{nf aLrsf] k'nn] s[i0fsf] / ;'bfdfsf] syf eGg nfu] h:tf] b]lvGYof] . sxfFsf] wfr'{nfsf] kxf8L eP
klg rfSnf af6fx¿, clg sxfFsf] bfr'{nfsf 3f]8]6f af6fx¿ . t/ aLrdf ldqtfsf] ¿kdf xlNn/xg] Pp6f k'n clg
b'j}nfO{ ;dfg Jojxf/ ug]{ dxfsfnL gbL .
tLg tNn] 3/sf] e'OFtNnfdf /fv]sf] Pp6f l6gsf] af]8{ k9]F d}n] .
xf]6n dx/f, 3f6ahf/, bfr'{nf
æoxfF lrof gf:tf, vfgfsf] /fd|f] Joj:yf 5 .Æ
-laxfgb]lv vfgf gvfPsf], s:tf] Joj:yf /x]5 xf]6n dx/fsf], d klg x]/f}F g t ._
ævfgf vfg kfOG5 xf]nf <Æ
æxf]6n g} To;}sf nflu vf]n]sf], P, ;/nfO{ vfgf . ;/ df5f df;' s]xL <Æ
uNnfdf h'Fufdf tfpm nufP/ a;]sf], ;fx'hL g} xf]nf dnfO{ Tof] k|Zg ;f]Wg] .
ægvfg] .Æ d}n] pQ/ kmsf{PF .
æclg b"w bxL <Æ
æb'w s] sf] <Æ
æuf]?sf] .Æ
OlG8og 8]/Lsf] jf 3/sf] eg]/ a'em\ g vf]h]sf] t, uf]?sf] kf] eG5 t . s:tf x'G5g\ bfr'{nfsf uf]?x¿ < 5]j}sf]
dfG5]n] d]/f] cg'xf/af6 d]/f] kl/l:ylt a'em]5 .
ætkfO{+sf] 3/ k"j{ xf] <Æ
æxh'/, sf7df8f}F .Æ
æoxfF ufO{nfO{ uf]? eG5g\ .Æ
æclg, uf]?nfO{ <Æ
æuf]?nfO{ aNnf] .Æ pm xfF:of] .
æwGg, s]6LnfO{ s]6f eGb}g /x]5g\ . Pn=l8=cf]=;/sf] sf]7f yfxf 5 tkfO{+nfO{ <Æ
ægofF sd{rf/L xf] <Æ
æxf], lh=lj=;= sf] .Æ
æk|f]h]S6df xf] ls Sof xf] <Æ
æxh'/, OlGhlgo/ xf] .Æ
æ;/ gd:sf/, ;fg} x'g'x'Fbf] /x]5 . kTofpg} ufx|f] .Æ
OlGhlgo/ ePkZrft\sf] klxnf] gd:sf/ d dfly 7f]lsPsf] . d}n] uj{sf ;fy kmsf{PF . cf, sf7df8f}F eGbf t
bfr'{nf g} /dfOnf] . t/ s] d olt ;fgf] 5' / < /f]zg t eGYof] slxn]sfxLF lhd hfg] u/\ eg]/ .
æoxfFaf6 l;wf hfg'xf];\, k|x/L la6 cfpF5 . To;}sf] 5]j}df xf] .Æ
æclg lk=l;=cf]= <Æ d}n] 3/ kmf]g klg t ug{' lyof] .
æToxLF af6f]d} 5 .Æ
d emf]nfemfD6f af]s]/ af6f] nfu]F . bfr'{nf l5g]{ lalQs} vfPsf] uf]?sf] b"w d slxNo} la;{g] 5}g .
6]nLkmf]g a'ysf] nfdf] s'/fO{kl5 aNnaNn kmf]g ug{ kfOof] .
æx]Nnf] .Æ
ædDdL, d k'u]F bfr'{nf .Æ
æ;Gr} 5;\ tF afa' <Æ
æcF, tkfOFx¿ <Æ
æ7Ls} 5f}F xfdL klg . 7fpF s:tf] 5 <Æ
æPsbd /dfOnf] 5 . tkfO{+sf] sfv h:t} .Æ
æghf eg]sf] dflgg;\, ca /fd|f] 5 t eGg} k¥of] lg .Æ
æxf]Og, ;fFRr} eg]sf] .Æ d xfF;]F .
æhf8f] slQsf] 5 <Æ

39
 æ7Ls}, ;f]r] hlQ t 5}g ;b/d'sfddf .Æ
ævfgkfgsf] /fd|/L Wofg lbg' .Æ
cfdfx¿ d'6' / cfFvf b'j}sf la/fdL x'G5g\ . 5f]/f] 7"nf] ePsf] slxNo} gb]Vg] .
æbfO clg afaf s] ub}{ <Æ d}n] k|;ª\u abn]F .
ækNnf] sf]7fdf, s'g} lgph Rofgndf em'l08/xg' ePsf] xf]nf .Æ
ætkfOF klg t :6f/ Kn;sf] nflu emu8f ub}{ xf]nf lg t .Æ
æafa' 5f]/f ldn]/ hlxNo} PSNofpF5g\, dnfO{ .Æ
ætkfOF PSnf] x'g'x'G5 / <Æ
ætF t 5;\ lg .Æ
æd klg 5}g . d g]kfn cfdfsf] sfvdf 5' .Æ d xfF;]F .
æxflsd 5f]/f], h] xf];\ s'/f ug{ hfGg] eof] .Æ
æn dDdL, d}n] kmf]g /flvlbPF .Æ
kmf]gsf] l/l;e/ d]/f] afnfkg a]/]sf] sfvsf] ;'jf; 5l//x]sf] lyof] .

Pp6f w;f]{ h:tf] b]lvg] ahf/ eP klg ef/tsf] 5'jfO{n] ahf/x¿ ;'ljwf;DkGg b]lvGy] . ;f]wvf]h ub}{
Pn=l8=cf]=;/sf] 3/ k'luof] .
æ;/ gd:sf/ .Æ d}n] k'Ug]lalQs} clejfbg 6qmofPF .
æd}n] t xh'/nfO{ lrlgg lg .Æ
æ:yfgLo ljsf;sf] sfddf OlGhlgo/ cfpg] s'/f lyof], xf]Og t ;/ <Æ d}n] vNtLaf6 Pkf]OG6d]G6 n]6/ lems]/
Pn=l8=cf]=;/nfO{ b]vfPF .
æcf]xf], slQ of]ª Û d]/f] t 5f]/fsf] pd]/sf] h:tf] . OlGhlgo/eGbf klg gkTofpg] ÛÆ
d}n] PskN6 cfkm}FnfO{ lgofFn]F .
æ/]u'n/ k9]sf] xf] ;/ ToxL eP/ xf]nf .Æ
æn t 7Ls} 5, cfpg'eof] /fd|f] eof] . t/ oxfF v'§f tfGg]x¿ w]/} 5g\, xf]z klg k'¥ofP/ sfd ug'{ xf]nf .Æ
d xfF;]F . d;Fu zAbsf] cefj x'Fbf w]/}h;f] lv:; xfF:g] u5{' .
æsfsf, OlGhlgo/ ;/nfO{ afª\ufau8df g} xf]nf sf]7f 7Ls kf/]sf], k'¥ofOlbg' t .Æ
Pn=l8=cf]=;/sf] sfsf egfpFbf]sf] kl5 nfu]F . af6f]df pm lhNnf ljsf;sf] lkog /x]5 eGg] kQf nfUof] . Ps}
7fpFdf u'h'd'Hh k/]sf 3/x¿n] Pstf g} an xf] eGg] ;Gb]z lbg cfF6] h:tf] b]lvGYof] . af6f]df ls/fgf k;n eGbf klg
w]/} ;f]d/; ljqmL s]Gb|n] ;b/d'sfdsf] /xg;xg af/]df w]/} s'/f af]Nb} lyP . af6f]d} lhNnf ljsf;sf] ejg b]lvGYof] .
gofF ejg, jf k'/fg} k'glg{df{0fdf kf] xf] ls . af6f]af6} b]lvGYof] ejg .
æk'/fgf] ejg s] ePsf] xf] sfsf <Æ
dnfO{ klg ;DaGw ufF:g ljz]if ?lr 5 . Pn=l8=cf]=;/sf] sfsfnfO{ klg d}n] sfsfs} gftf lbg] ljrf/ u/]F . x'g t
To;f] ug'{ cfk\mgf] a'jfsf] pd]/ a9fpg' x'GYof] .
ædfcf]jfbLn] k8\sfsf] .Æ
sfsfn] efjxLg ¿kdf pQ/ lbP dfgf}F pgL cfk\mgf] sfof{nosf] geP/ s'g} glrg]sf] 3/sf] kvf{n n8]sf]
;'gfO/x]sf 5g\ dnfO{ .
æslxn] <Æ d}n] cln xtfl/P/ ;f]w]F .
x'g t d]/f] of] k|ltlqmof ;do;fk]If lyPg . d}n] olt t krfpg ;Sg'kg]{ xf], åGåu|:t If]qdf sfdsf] nflu
cfPkl5 . t/ cfk\mg} sfof{nodf k8\sfsf], efjxLg /xg t sfsfsf] h:t} afgL kg'{k5{ xf]nf .
ædf3df, of];lxt t tLgrf]6L eof] ;/ .Æ
sfsf xfF;] . dnfO{ crlDdt b]v]/ v'zL ePh:tf] . pgsf] kx]Fnf] n]pm nfu]sf bfFtx¿ l6lnSs 6Ns] 3fdsf]
k|sfzdf . xfdL sf]7f klg k'Uof}F .
æ;/sf] sf]7f oxL xf] . cf/fd ug'{eP x'G5 .Æ clGtd jfSo oxL lyof] zfob . t/ d]/f] cfFvfdf pgsf] kx]+Fnf] n]pm
nfu]sf bfFtx¿ / d]/f] dfg;k6ndf Ps lrh dfq 3'ld/x\of] . æof] ;lxt t tLgrf]6L eof] ;/ .Æ

!!

40
 ;ggg ub}{ au]sL dxfsfnL gbL /fte/L klg ;';fO/xlG5g\ ;';fO/xlG5g\ . tL xl/of kxf8nfO{ lh:SofpFb} uLt
ufO/xlG5g\ ufO/xlG5g\ . laxfgsf] 3fdsf] Gofgf] k|sfz Psbdg} /dfOnf] x'G5 eG5g\ bfr'{nfsf] . ha b'O{lt/sf kv]/fn]
/f]Sbf/f]Sb} klg ;"o{n] k|sfzsf] kv]6f lkmFhfpF5 Toltv]/ bfr'{nf gf}gL l3pm h:t} kx]FlnG5, clg dxfsfnL gbL ToxL gf}gL
l3pm kUn]/ lxFl8/x]sf] efg x'G5 c/] . t/ d of] cg'ej ug]{ df}sf slDt g} kfpF5' xf]nf, lsg ls laxfgnfO{ ;w}F xtf/
x'G5 d]/f] lgGb|fsf] t'ngfdf .
sfof{nodf cfk\mgf sd{rf/L;Fu e]63f6 Pn=l8=cf]=;/n] g} u/fOlbg' eof] d]/f] . d, cf]xbf cg';f/n] ;a}eGbf 7"nf]
dfG5] cfk\mgf] k|f]h]S6sf] . To;kl5 lkmN8 ;'k/efOh/ hf]zL / Psfp06]G6 eg] ToxLFsf /}yfg] . clg sfddf s'lb/xg]
;f]l;on df]lanfOh/x¿, tL ufpFd} x'gfn] kl/ro x'g kfPg .
æk'/fgf kmfOnx¿ x]/f}F g sfsf, PskN6 . clg hf]zL ;/nfO{ lkmN8 l86]N;sf nflu d}n] af]nfPsf] 5' klg
elglbg'xf]nf .Æ
sfdsf] z'?jft To;/L g} u/]+F d}n] . of] eGbf cl3 kbsf] l/Sttfn] ;a} sfd lkmN8 ;'k/efOh/n] g} ul//x]sfn]
d}n] pmaf6 s'/fx¿ a'em\+g' h?/L lyof] . Psl5gkl5 sfsf kmfOn / hf]zL b'j}nfO{ lnP/ kms]{ .
æaf]nfpg' ePsf] xf] ;/n] <Æ
æxh'/, Ps}l5g klv{g'xf];\ x} t .Æ
d kmfOnx¿ kN6fpFg yfn]F . kmfOnx¿ ;fFRr} k'/fg} lyP .
æhf]zLhL, tLg dlxgfkl5sf] ;'k/lehg l/kf]{6 5 t of] kmfOndf t . sfd cufl8 g} ;'k/lehg l/kf]{6 ÛÆ
hf]zL lv:; xfF:of], d}n] zAbsf] cefj x'Fbf cg'xf/df Nofpg] xfF;f] h:t} .
æk7fpg t dlxgf dlxgfdf g} k7fpg] xf] ;/ . agfpg] dfq} xf] clxn] t .Æ
æTof] t a'em]F . t/ bfr'{nfdf sfd cufl8 g}] ;'k/lehg l/kf]{6 aG5 ls Sof xf] <Æ
hf]zL cem} klg xfFl;/x]sf] lyof] . a9]sf] bf9L, r];sf] af]8{ h:t} 6f6]kf6] p;sf skfn, v'lDrPsf] cg'xf/n] pm
a'9f] x'Fb} uPsf] k|i6 b]vfpFYof] . cfFvf eg] v}/f], w]/} s'6Lntf n's]sf] . p;sf] xfF;f]n] dnfO{ lh:SofO/x]sf] h:tf] nfUof] .
æltdLx¿ cfnfsfFrfnfO{ v]nfpFbf v]nfpFb} a'9f] ePsf] x'F d .Æ eGb} lyof] zfob p;sf] xfF;f]n] .
æ;/ Tof] agfPg eg] t tna vfg gkfOPnf lg t .Æ
ælsg < bfr'{nfdf sfd u/]/ tna vfg ;lsFb}g / . df]lg6l/Ë ePsf] 5}g clxn];Dd <Æ d}n] k|ltk|Zg u/]F .
æ;b/d'sfd jl/kl/ t sfd x'G5 ;/ . sf7df8f}Faf6 cfPsfx¿ tLg lbg lxF8g] 7fpFdf t sxfF hfg] x'g\ / . yf]/}
yf]/} lx+F8\g] 7fpFdf dfq xf] x]g]{ t . of] eGbf cl3sf] ;/n] t o:t} rlnxfN5 eGg'ePsf] lyof] .Æ
æcaaf6 o:tf] x'Fb}g, sfd geOsg l/kf]{6 aGb}gg\ .Æ d}n] sfof{nodf cfk\mgf] klxnf] lg0f{o ;'gfPF .
æclg tna ;/, tna t l/kf]{6 cg';f/n] k7fp5 lg t ÛÆ
ætna sfd l;Wofpg], k"/} vfg] .Æ
d]/f] cg'xf/df ljhoL d':sfg 5fof] ha d}n] p;sf] /ftf] cg'xf/ lgofn]F .
æ;b/d'sfd jl/kl/ dfq sfd x'G5 ;/ . dfly dfly t ;/sf/} cnUu} 5 .Æ p;n] ljjztf ;'gfof] .
æ;/sf/ cs}{ eGgfn] <Æ
æhg;/sf/n] xfd|f] k|f]h]S6 Aof08 u/]sf] 5 . o'=P;= P8 eg]/ .Æ
clxn];Ddsf] p;sf] ;a}eGbf lgzfgfdf uPsf] lt/ . p;sf] clGtd jfSon] dnfO{ lkog sfsfsf] æof] ;lxt t
tLgrf]l6 eof] ;/ .Æ ofb lbnfof] .
d}n] w]/}a]/kl5 d.}gtf tf]8]F .
æxf]Og . sfd /f]s]sf] g} eP klg Ps rf]l6 pgLx¿;Fu g} s'/f ug'{k5{ .Æ
æ;/, pgLx¿ k|ltsf] ljb]zL gLlt gablnPsfn] km/]g P8sf k|f]u|fdx¿ aGb u/]sf c/], s] sfd ug{ b]nfg\ /
xfdLnfO{ <Æ
hf]zLnfO{ d]/f] s'/fdf k6Ss} lrQ a'em]sf] lyPg . of] p;sf] v'lDrPsf] cg'xf/n] :ki6 b]vfpFb} lyof] . x'g t ;fO6
guOsg ;'k/lehg l/kf]{6 agfP/ tna vfO/x]sf logLx¿nfO{ tLg lbg lxF8]/ ;fO6 hfg], sfd guOsg ;fdfgsf] klg
k};f vfg'sf] ;§f sfd x'g] clg ;fdfgsf] k};f ufpFdf hfg] s'/f t sxfF lrQ a'em\Yof] t .
æt/ klg, ;ft bn;Fu ;dembf/L eO;s]sf] 5 . s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] t ;do t cg's'n g} 5 lg .Æ d}n] p;sf]
d'vdf a'hf] nufpg] k|of; u/]F .
ævf]O ;/, Tof] klg pgLx¿sf] cfwf/If]q guO{ yfxf x'Fb}g .Æ pm cem} klg /f]Sg] k|of; ub}{ lyof] .

41
 æTo;f] eP cfh lr7L n]vf}F . pgLx¿sf] hjfkm cfPkl5 xfdL g} hfpFnf pgLx¿sf] cfwf/If]qdf pgLx¿;Fu s'/f
ug{nfO{ .Æ
p;sf] ;a} sf/0fx¿df d}n] tfnf nufOlbPkl5 t pm;Fu d]/f] k|:tfj :jLsfg{' afx]s c? af6fx¿ afFsL lyPgg\ .
d}n] n]v]sf] lr7L cfwf/If]qs} :yfgLo afl;Gbf dfkm{t\ Pl/of sdf08/sf]df k'Ug] eof] . d}n] 38Ldf cfFvf bf}8fPF . 38Ln]
dnfO{ sfof{nosf] s';L{af6 p7\g] cg'dlt lbO;s]sf] lyof] .

sf7df8f}Faf6 w]/} 6f9f cfh d}n] a]s/L Sofkm]nfO{ ;Dem]F . u'nfaL ;GWof af]Sg] afg]Zj/nfO{ ;Dem]F . clg u'nfaL
s'tf{ ;'?jfnsL a|f08 PDa];8/ cfs[tLnfO{ ;Dem]F . t/ Yofª;, lk=l;=cf]= bfr'{nf . d]/f] b"/L 36fpg] ;fyL .
cfs[tLsf] df]afOnsf] 306L;Fu} d]/f] d'6' klg u'gu'gfpg yfln;s]sf] lyof] .
æx]Nnf] .Æ
æcfs[tLhL ;Gr} <Æ
æ;Gr} 5' cflzifhL .Æ pm xfF;L . æk'uL;Sof} t bfr'{nf <Æ
æk'luof] . s] ub}{5f} <Æ
æclkm;df 5' lg . sfdsf] rfkfrfk 5, w]/} lahL 5' cfhsn .Æ
æa]s/L Sofkm] klg hfg gEofpg] u/L <Æ
æs] 5 / ca ToxfF <Æ
æxfdL b'j}sf ofbx¿ . dnfO{ slQsf] ld; u5\{of} <Æ
æltd|f] eljiosf] nflu t xf] lg xfdL aLrsf] b"/L .Æ
æcfTdf / z/L/ aLr klg b"/L x'G5 / <Æ
æ5\of .Æ pm xfF;L, dnfO{ nfUof] kmf]g cfh lkofgf] ahfO/x]5 .
æ;'g g .Æ p;n] d]/f] tGb|f tf]8L .
æltdL egL dfq /fv .Æ
æd clxn] Psbd ODkf]{6]G6 kmfOn lk|k]o/ ub}{5' . d 3/ k'u]kl5 ltdL dnfO{ sn u/ g x} t .Æ
æDof8d, of] sf7df8f}F xf]Og lg t . Pp6f sn ug{nfO{ cfwf 306f s'g'{k5{ .Æ
æh] kfof] ToxL .Æ
æ;fFRr} eg]sf] .Æ
æd]/f] Psbd ODkf]{6]G6 5 Sof .Æ
æn To;f]eP d}n] kmf]g /fv]F .Æ
d}n] kmf]g /fv]F clg dgdg} ;f]r]F æPp6f o:tf] ;+;f/ xf];\ . hxfF ;do /f]lsof];\, clkm; gxf];\, clkm; 6fOd
gxf];\, b"/L gxf];\, dfq dfof ug]{x¿ x'g\ . d}n] 38L x]/]F, 38L cfk\mg} Dof/fygdf Jo:t lyof] . clg p;sf] Dof/fyg
dnfO{ To:tf] ;+;f/ gePsf] hfgsf/L lb+Fb} lyof] .

!@
;f/f g]kfn la:tf/} la:tf/} tflQFb} lyof] hgcfGbf]ngsf] cfuf]df . hgtf gofF laxfgLsf] sNkgfdf la:tf/} la:tf/}
p7\b} lyP . cf7bnsf] ;dembf/Ln] zfxL ;/sf/sf] h/f] xlNng yfln;s]sf] lyof] . otf bfr'{nfsf] lhNnf ljsf;sf] xfd|f]
k|f]h]S6 eg] d dfcf]jfbLsf] cfwf/ If]qdf pgLx¿;Fu jftf{sf] nflu hfg] xNnfn] xNnfPh:tf] lyof] . hf]zL t d;Fu s'/f
u/]/ xf/ dflg;s]sf] lyof] . d eg] dfcf]jfbLx¿sf] lr¶L s'/]/ al;/x]sf] lyPF . dgdf yf]/} 8/ klg lyof], olb ltgLx¿n]
xfdL k|f]h]S6 rnfpFg lbFb}gf}F eg] eg] t d]/f] bfr'{nf a;fO{ lgis[o x'g] eof] eg]/ . To;dfly d]/f] cfk\mg} lkmN8
;'k/efOh/;Fusf] lzto'4sf] klxnf] r/0fsf] hLtxf/sf] kl/0ffd c8\lsPsf] lyof] dfcf]jfbLsf] k|ltlqmofdf .
d]/f] sf]7fsf] 9f]sf r'OoF r'OFlsof] . Psfp06]G6 d]/f] sf]7fdf cg'dlt lnP/ leq l5¥of] . 5\ofs]5\ofs] cg'xf/,
ufnfdf Pp6f sfnf] bfu, s]xLn] sf6]sf] x'g'k5{ Tof] .
æ;/ gd:sf/ .Æ p;n] dnfO{ clejfbg u¥of] .
ægd:sf/, a:g'xf];\ g .Æ
æ;/ nl6gfy hfg] c/] <Æ

42
 ænl6gfy <Æ of] 7fpFsf] gfd d}n] klxnf] k6s ;'g]sf] lyPF .
ædfcf]jfbLx¿sf] cfwf/If]q .Æ
æP Û lr¶L k7fPsf] 5' . pgLx¿n] af]nfPs} 5}gg\, s'/f ug{nfO{ af]nfP eg] t hfg] xf] .Æ
æ;/nfO{ klg a]Ssf/df 6fpsf] b'Mvfpg dg nfu]5 .Æ
pm xfF:of] . d}n] p;sf] xfF;f] lgofFn], p;sf bfFtx¿ v}gLn] l;WofO;s]sf lyP .
æsxfFsf] 6fpsf] b'Mvfpg', Tof] t d]/f] sfd g} xf] lg . sfd gu/L tna vfg' klg t /fd|f] xf]Og lg, ls s;f] <Æ
d}n] pmdfly Joª\Uo u/]F . tnasf] km5of]{6 ug]{, gePsf] sfdsf] nflu /sd lgsf;f ug]{ dfG5] klg t oxL g} t
xf] . bfr'{nfsf] dxfef/tsf] csf]{ sf}/j .
æ;/ zx/sf] dfG5], sxfF yfxf x'G5 / oxfFsf dfG5]sf] af/]df .Æ
ædfG5] g} t xf] dfG5] lrGg], d}n] oxfFsf w]/} dfG5] lrlg;s]F . ;fFlRr Û d}n] t tkfOF;Fu csf]{ s'/f klg ug'{lyof] .Æ
æs] xf]nf ;/ <Æ p;sf] cg'xf/df yf]/} kl/jt{g cfof] . zfob pm dnfO{ ;DemfpgnfO{ dfq t}of/ eP/ cfPsf]
lyof] .
ætkfOFn] t sfd gePsf 7fpFdf klg /sd km5\of]{6 ul/lbg'eP5 lg t .Æ d}n] p;sf] sdhf]/ 7fpFd} k|xf/ u/]F .
æTof] t lkmN8 ;'k/efOh/n] lan k]z u/]kl5 d]/f] t s] nfUg' / ;/, dfly– dfly sfd ug{ ufx||f] 5 . hlxNo} o:t}
xf] ;/ . sfd ug{ dg} gu/]sf] t xf]Og ;/ .Æ
ætkfOF dfly– dfly sfd ug{ hfg] xf]Og, ePsf] sfdnfO{ dfq /sd km5\of{]6 u/fOlbP klg t x'GYof] lg xf]Og / .Æ
æTo;f] ubf{ t of] k|f]h]S6sf sd{rf/Ln] tna vfg} ufx||f] x'GYof] .Æ
d}n] p;sf] cg'xf/ x]/]F . pm cfkm" bfgjL/ eP/ p;n] xfd|f] k|f]h]S6sf sd{rf/LnfO{ u/]sf] of]ubfgsf] /fdsyf
;'gfpFb} lyof] .
æd jftf{ ug{ hfg] eP/ tkfOFx¿nfO{ efu 36]sf] t lk/ xf]nf lg, xf]Og / .Æ d xfF;F] .
ælrof vfg'x'G5 <Æ d}n] p;sf] tgfjnfO{ lrofn] 36fpg] ljrf/ u/]F .
æeOxfNof] ;/ .Æ Psfp06]G6 aflx/ lgl:sof] .

lkog sfsf lrof;lxt leq l5/] . d}n] ljutsf] b'O{tLg lbgleq} g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf of]hgfx¿ / sfof{Gjogsf
af/]df w]/} s'/f yfxf kfO;s]sf] lyPF . lrofsf] afkm lunf; aflx/ d's'6 agL lj/fhdfg lyof] . d}n] Ps ;'sf]{ lrof
tfg]/ To;nfO{ d's'6ljxLg agfpg] k|of; u/]F .
æs] s'/f u/] t, Psfp06]G6 ;/n] <Æ lkog sfsfsf] ;f]wfOdf pT;'stf lyof] .
æs]xL xf]Og sfsf, lsg / <Æ
ætkfOFn] n'sfPkl5 d lsg eGg] .Æ sfsf xfF;] . ;w}Fh:t} cfh klg pgsf] bfFt kx]Fn} lyof], ;'g h:t} .
æeGg' g ÛÆ d}n] lh4L u/]F sfsfnfO{ . agfPsf] ;DaGwg} eP klg xfdLdf w]/} k|uf9 ¿kdf a;]sf] lyof], b'O{ hgfsf]
kbsf] b"/L 36fpg Tof] lgs} ;xfos klg lyof] .
ætkfOFn] egfeg ug{ gx'g] b'j} hgf;Fu egfeg ug'{eof] . zs'gL x'g\ b'O6}, zs'gL .Æ
æsfsf, t/ dxfef/t t kf08jn] lht]sf lyP lg xf]Og / <Æ
x'g t of] o'4df d klg cg}lts 9ª\uaf6 cfPF xf]nf, t/ clxn]sf] oxfFsf] ;a}eGbf OdfGbf/ l;kfxL d g} lyPF eGg]
s'/f kl5Nnf lbgx¿n] atfO;x]sf lyP . dnfO{ of] o'4df xf]Dg] rflxF clxn] cd]l/sfsf] s'g} zx/sf] sNkgf jf s'g} gofF
rSn]6sf] vf]hLdf g} t Jo:t xf]nf . -;fFRrL d}n] bfr'{nf cfP/ /f]zgnfO{ kmf]g klg u/]sf] lyOg ._ d}n] 38L x]/]F . vfhf
;do eO;s]sf] /x]5 . d}n] vfhf ;donfO{ lk=;L=cf]=df g} latfpg] lg0f{o u/]F .
lk=;L=cf]= ;w}F h:t} eL8 g} lyof] bz}Fsf a]nfsf ahf/x¿ h:t} . dfly–dflysf ;a} ;b/d'sfd g} kmf]g ug{
cfpg'k/]kl5 t eL8 gx'g] s'/f klg t ePg lg . cfwf 306fsf] s'/fOkl5 d}n] kmf]g ug]{ df}sf kfPF .
æx]Nnf] /f]zg, s] 5 t xfnva/ <Æ
æk'u]sf] lx/f], kmf]g ug'{ kb}{g t <Æ
æclxn] lk=;L=cf]=leq a;]/ d lr¶L n]Vb}5' t <Æ d xfF;]F .
æd]/f] 8]6 cfof] lg, PDa];L hfg'kg]{ . cfhsf] bz lbgkl5 .Æ
æn t a]:6 ckm ns . x'g t efF8f dfe\mg} hfg]nfO{ t s] a]:6 ckm ns lbg' ÛÆ
æsfd s'g} 7"nf] ;fgf] x'Fb}g, OlGhlgo/ ;fxa .Æ
æTof] kl/efiff rflxF o'=P;=sf] nflu dfq} xf] ls g]kfnnfO{ klg Eofln8 x'G5 <Æ

43
 æg]kfn clg g]kfnsf] l;:6d, bfr'{nf 5f]8\g'cl3 g} yfxf x'G5 tFnfO{ . clg sfd s:tf] rNb}5 t <Æ
æd bfr'{nf 5f]8\lbg xf]nf . /dfOnf] 5 . d}n] l;:6d abNg' klg t 5 .Æ
pm xfF:of], dnfO{ yfxf 5 p;nfO{ cfbz{ dg kb}{g .
ælxGbL lkmNdsf] lx/f], l;:6d abNg] . nu]/xf], nu]/xf] .Æ
æYofª\S; dnfO{ of] ckRo'{lg6L lbPsf]df .Æ
æRofK6/ Snf]H8 eg]sf] xf]Og / <Æ
æ;/L Û ltd|f ;a} rSn]6x¿nfO{ ;Dem]sf] 5 elglbg" x} t .Æ
æn t /fd|/L sfd ug"{, /fd|/L vfg" .Æ
æltdL d]/f] dd h:t} ;fp08 ul//fv]sf] 5f} .Æ
æd}n] 3';sf] s'/f u/]sf] .Æ pm xfF:of] .
æltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 d slxNo} To:tf] ulb{g eGg] . n t d}n] kmf]g /fv]F .Æ
æn n sf7df8f}Fdf Pp6f ;fyL 5 eGg] gla;]{;\ .Æ
æslt lbg a:nf;\ / ca sf7df8f}Fdf .Æ
æt}Fn] d'v vf]Nbf lao/sf] em/L k/f];\ .Æ /f]zgsf] of] cflzjf{b;Fu} d}n] kmf]g /flvlbPF . clg Ps k6s bfr'{nfnfO{
lwt d?Gh]n x]/]F, lk=l;=cf]=af6 aflx/ lg:s]/ . tL ;a} d"v{x¿ x'g\ hf] o:tf] :ju{ 5f]8]/ ef}ltstfsf] kl5 eflu/x]sf 5g\
.

bfr'{nf lhNnf ljsf;, cnL cUnf] 7fpFdf eP/ g} xf]nf lbpF;f]sf] tftf] 3fdn] tflt/x]sf] lyof] . 5]j}sf] dxfsfnL
eg] ;';fpFb} ToxL tflQPsf] 7fpFnfO{ lr:ofpg k|oTg/t lyof] . vfhf ;do nueu nueu l;l4g] a]nf ePsf] lyof] d
kmf]g u/]/ k'Ubf . lkog sfsf xtfl/+Fb} dlt/ cfP .
æs] eof] sfsf, lsg o:tf] xtf/ tkfOFnfO{ <Æ
æ;/sf] lr¶L cfPsf] 5, nl6gfyaf6 .Æ
w]/} lbgb]lv klv{/x]sf] lr¶L, d}n] vf]n]F .

cfb/0fLo OlGhlgo/ ;/
qmflGtsf/L clejfbg
kq k|fKt eof] . d]nldnfksf] a]nf tkfOFsf] tkm{af6 klg o:tf] kq kfpFbf xfdLnfO{ klg v'zL nfUof] . zfxL
;/sf/s} kfnfdf lh=lj=;=af6} o:tf] kq k7fpg' eP/ xfdLdflyxfdLdfly b]vfpg'ePsf] ljZjf;n] tkfOFsf] ;t\
;tljrf/
\ljrf/ :ki6
b]vfpF5 . xfdLn] of]hgfx¿ z'?df /f]s]sf xf}F, t/ d]nldnfksf] df};ddf k'/fgf j}/efj / k'/fgf lemgfdl;gf s'/fx¿
la;f}{+ eGg] xfd|f] klg rfxgf xf] .
t/ gofF sfo{qmd z'? ug{'eGbf klxn] tkfOFx¿sf] sfddf Aofks r'xfj6 ePsf] k|df0f xfdL;Fu 5 . sfo{qmd
sfnf] ;"rLdf k/]sfn] tkfOF Psk6s xfd|} cfwf/ If]q cfO{ :ki6Ls/0f lbg'x'g]5 eGg] xfdLn] cfzf lnPsf 5f}F . cfzf 5
a9]sf] sbdnfO{ k'/fgfx¿n] h:tf] k5fl8 ;fg{' x'g]5}g .
e]6sf] k|ltIffdf
Pl/of sdf08/
eLif0f

d}n] kq 7\ofSs} cfkm"n] vf]h] h:t} kfPF . d}n] of] kq hf]zLnfO{, Psfp06]G6nfO{ / Pn=l8=cf]= ;/nfO{ klg b]vfPF .
Pn=l8=cf]= ;/sf] ;'emfjcg';f/ ef]ln laxfg} hf]zL, cd/ -ToxLFsf] :yfgLo afl;Gbf / lhNnf ljsf;sf] sd{rf/L_ / d
nl6gfysf] nflu lxF8\g] lg0f{o eof] .

!#

44
 b'O{hgfeGbf a9L Ps}k6s lxFF8\g} g;Sg] kx/f vf]k]/ agfOPsf] 3f]8]6f] af6f] cfkm" cfkm}Fdf k|ltikwL{ ag]/ lxFl8/x]sf]
lyof] . ljZjhut\df d klg s]xL x'F eg]/ b]vfO/x]sf] lyof] . cem d h:tf] kxf8sf] cgle1nfO{ t x/]s kv]/fx¿
;u/dfyf x'Fbf /x]5g\ eGg] kQf nfu]sf] lyof] Tof] lbg . l;w} cfsfz 5]8'Fnf h:tf] ug]{ leQfx¿, h;nfO{ x]bf{ g} d]/f] d'6'
sfDbYof], To:tf leQfx¿df klg 3fF;kft u/]/ s]xL lszf]/Lx¿ jL/tfsf] kl/ro lbF+b} lyP . pgLx¿sf efsf ldn]sf]
uLtn] ofqf sl7g eP klg /f]df~rs agfO/x]sf] lyof] . Tof] lbgsf] lx]F8fOn] 8fS6/ tf/fgfy zdf{sf] k|l;4 n]v
…3g3:ofsf] psfnf] sf6\bfÚ ofb lbnfO/x]sf] lyof] dnfO{ . kSs} klg tf/fgfy zdf{ bfr{'nf cfPgg\ xf]nf, pgL bfr{'nf
cfPsf] eP xfdLn] k9\g] dx]Gb|dfnfsf] lstfadf 3g3:ofsf] ;§fdf bfr'{nfsf] c? s'g} psfnf]sf] gfd x'GYof] xf]nf .
sl/a lbge/Lsf] 7f8f] psfnf] lxF8fOkl5 xfdL Pp6f lrof k;ndf k'Uof}F .
æcfh oxfFeGbf dfly uof}F eg] af; kfOFb}g .Æ r§fgL 9'ª\ufnfO{ cfk\mgf] h'Qfn] sf]t/]/ s]xL s'/fsf] cfs[lt agfpFb}
cd/n] xfdLnfO{ hfgsf/L lbof] .
æoxfF a:g] 7fpF 5 t <Æ hf]zLn] cd/nfO{ k|Zg u¥of] .
ætkfOF oxLFsf] lkmN8 ;'k/efOh/ xf]Og / <Æ d}n] hf]zLnfO{ Joª\Uo u/]F .
æoxfF 5 5g t, d t cfpFbfhfFbf oxLF a:g] xf] .Æ cd/n] pQ/ kmsf{of] .
ætLg}hgfnfO{ a:g lbG5g\ t <Æ
æoxfFsf a'9fafnfO{ d}n] lrg]sf] 5' . lbG5g\ a'9fafh]n] .Æ
æsf] sf] a:5g\ oxfF <Æ
æsf]xL klg 5}gg\, a'9f / pgsL gfltgL dfq} xf] .Æ
æ5f]/f a'xf/L <Æ
æ5f]/f] hg;]gfsf] nflu eg]/ lnP/ uPsf /] Û clxn];Dd kmls{Psf] 5}g . a'xf/L To;}sf] Ps xKtfkl5 Pp6f ufpFs}
OlG8og cfdL{;Fu lxF8L c/] .Æ
d}n] Tof]eGbf w]/} ;f]Wg] lxDdt h'6fpg ;lsg . lrofk;nsf] dflyNnf] tNnfg} xfd|f] zogsIf aGof] Tof] /ftsf] .
d}n] a'9fsf ;'Vvf cfFvfx¿ x]/]F, 5f]/f] cfpg] cfz cem} x/fPsf] lyPg . af6f] tfls/x]sf] h:tf] b]lvGYof] . Toltv]/
gfltgL tLg jif{sL lyO{ /], clxn] gf} jif{sL eGy] a'9fafn] . 5 jif{ eP5 5f]/f] gcfPsf] .
ægfgLx¿ a:b} ug'{xf];\, d vfgf tof/ u5'{ .Æ
a'9faf tn em/] . gfltgL eg] cd/sf] 5]j}df al;/x]sL lyO{ . cd/ dfq kl/lrt eP/ xf]nf . /ftf] l/agn] skfn
afg] h:tf] u/]sL -jf:tjdf l/agn] sd} dfq skfn ;dfO/x]sf] lyof] ._ b'O{j6f bfFtx¿ d';fn] nu]sf], gfs l;Fufg] g}
eP klg 6kSs ldn]sf] . h] xf];\ s]6fs]6L eg]sf eujfg\sf b]g g} x'g\ . p;nfO{ s] dtna / cfly{s lxgfldgfsf] af/]df
. p;sf cfFvfx¿ 6'n'6'n' dnfO{ 3'l//x]sf lyP, s'g} glrg]sf] hGt'nfO{ b]v] h:tf] .
æo;n] t w]/}a]/ kf] x]/L t xfd|f] OlGhlgo/ ;/nfO{, lax] u5]{;\ xfd|f OlGhlgo/ ;/;Fu <Æ
pm nhfO{ . dnfO{ p;sf] nfh b]v]/ xfF;f] nfUof] . jf:tjdf s]6L nhfpgnfO{ pd]/ rflxFbf] /x]g5 . p;sf] nhfO
/ cfs[tLsf] nhfOdf vf;} km/s lyPg .
æelGbg;\ t <Æ cd/n] p;sf] pQ/ vf]Hof], d klg p;sf] pQ/ ;'Gg pT;'s lyPF .
æulb{g . o:tf] a'9f], bfx|Lh'Fuf knfPsf] .Æ
d}n] xfF;f] yfDg ;lsg, xfdL ;a} g} xfF:of}F .
æslQsf] dfG5] cfpF5g\ t oxfF af <Æ
æcfpFy] gfgL klxn] t, clxn] t aafnf sf6\gnfO{ dfq k'U5 of] bf]sfgn] .Æ
æaafnf sf6\g' <Æ
æb'O{ 5fs sf6\g' klg t aafnf g} t xf] lg xfdLnfO{ t .Æ
a'9f] lvl;Ss xfF:of], s'g} st{Jo lgefPh:t} .
vfgfsf] u'0f:t/ ;b/d'sfd;Fusf] b"/L;Fu} 36\b} uO/x]sf] lyof] . cem :ki6 ¿kdf eGg] xf] eg] vfgfn] g]kfn
ef/tsf] b"/L;Fu lnlgo/ l/n];g agfP h:tf] nfUbYof] . t/ klg a'9fafsf] cfk\mgf]kg ldl;Psf] vfgf dnfO{ ld7f] nfUof] .
xfdLn] Tof] /ft ToxLF latfof}F . ef]ln lbpF;f];Dd k'luPnf eGg] cd/sf] cg'dfg lyof] .
cGTodf cd/n] eg]h:t} b'O{ lbgsf] lxF8fOkl5 lbpF;f] xfdL cfwf/If]q nl6gfy k'Uof}F . xfd|f] k|ltIff eO/x]sf lyof]
ToxfF . qmflGtsf/L clejfbgsf ;fy sdf08/ eLif0fn] :jfut u/] . xft ldnfpg] tl/sf t emg} qmflGtsf/L /x]5, xft}
r'F8fpFnf h:tf] .

45
 æclejfbg .Æ
ægd:sf/, d cflzif, cflzif zdf{ .Æ
æleGg kfPF ;f]r]eGbf, a;f}F g .Æ
ælsg <Æ
æslnnf] x'g'x'Fbf] /x]5 .Æ
æb]lvg] dfq xf] .Æ d xfF;]F, t/ pgLx¿ xfF;]gg\ . pgLx¿nfO{ xfF:gsf] nflu aGb]h nufP h:tf], uDeL/tfnfO{
cfk\mgf] sDAof6;Fu} cf]9] h:tf] . d}n] otfptf cfFvf 3'dfPF . sf7sf] 3/ lyof] Tof] . dflyNnf] tNnf cfkm}Fn] k|of]u u/]sf]
. Tof] 7fpFsf] nflu TolQsf] sfof{no klg eJog} dfGg'k5{ .
æ>d lzlj/df k/]sfx¿n] agfPsf] .Æ
æP .Æ d}n] a'em] h:tf] u/]F .
æ6f]nL;lxt cfpg'eP5 lg t .Æ
æpm t oxLFsf] efO xf], lrGg'kg]{ xf] tkfOFn] .Æ
ælrG5' . hf]zLhLnfO{ klg /fd|/L lrG5' . ls s;f] t hf]zLhL <Æ
d}n] hf]zLnfO{ lgofFn] . pm df}g lyof] .
ætkfOF oxL 7fpFsf] lkmN8 ;'k/efOh/ xf]Og t < cfpg'ePsf] lyof] of] ufpFdf <Æ
pm cem} klg df}g lyof] .
æ3/ sxfF xf] tkfOFsf] <Æ o;kfln k|Zg dlt/ t]l;{Psf] lyof] . hf]zLn] cnL /fxt dx;'; u/] h:tf] 5 .
æsf7df8f}F .Æ
æ;fdGtLx¿sf] ufpF <Æ
æxh'/ <Æ
æTof] ;fdGtLx¿sf] ufpF t xf] lg . ToxfF leqsfn] slxNo} l;ª\uf] g]kfnsf] rfxgf hfGg vf]h]sf 5g\ / <Æ
æ;a} dfG5] Pp6} k|sf/sf x'Fb}gg\ .Æ
æh:t} <Æ
æd klg t sf7df8f}F 5f]8]/ bfr'{nf;Dd cfOk'u]sf] 5' .Æ
ætkfOF klg t hflu/, eljio x]/]/ t xf] lg . gq t ÛÆ
æTolQsf] :jfy{ t ;a}df x'G5 .Æ
æxfdLdf 5}g .Æ
æufF;af;s} ufx|f] x'g] eP t s] nfUg'x'GYof] xf]nf / <Æ
ætkfOFsf] sfo{qmdsfn] tna dfq} vfPsf 5g\ / <Æ
æd x'~h]n tna dfq vfg]5g\ . ljsf;sf] k};f ljsf;d} vr{ x'g]5 .Æ
pm klxnf]rf]l6 xfF:of] uDeL/tfsf] sDAof6 k\mofFs]/ .
æo;nfO{ ljsf; eGg'x'G5 tkfOF < tkfOFs} sfo{qmdcGtu{t oxfF tLgj6f vfg]kfgLsf of]hgfx¿ cfP . af6fdf st}
wf/fx¿ b]Vg'eof] < ls s;f] t hf]zLhL <Æ
ælgif]w ug]{ klg t tkfOFx¿ g} xf] lg xf]Og / <Æ
æt/ k};f t lhNnf ljsf;df cfP/ l;l4O;Sof] lg xf]Og / <Æ
d}n] hf]zLnfO{ x]/]F, pm ToxLF ePsf] l;Gsfn]] e'OFdf s'g} lrq agfpgdf Jo:t lyof] . dfgf}F pm cfkm"nfO{ hf]zL
geP/ lnof]gfbf]{ bf leGrL ;lDem/x]sf] 5 .
æljsf;df cfPsf] k};faf6 yf]/} lems]/ eP klg xfdLnfO{ b] eGg] klg t tkfOFx¿ g} xf] lg, xf]Og / <Æ
æTof] t qmflGtsf] nflu ;xof]u xf] .Æ
æd dfG5', ulNt ePsf] 5 . xfdLaf6} ePsf] 5, t/ ca sfd g} z'? gug]{ eGg] klg t ;dfwfg t xf]Og lg .Æ
æhf]zLhL, olb tkfOF cK7\of/f] dfGg'x'Fb}g eg] dnfO{ yf]/} ukm OlGhlgo/ ;/;Fu dfq ug'{5 .Æ
hf]zL aflx/ lgl:sof] . cfkmgf] cd"t{ snfnfO{ e'OFd} 5f]8]/ .
ætkfOFx¿sf] ;d"x g} /fd|f] 5}g, s;/L sfd ug'{x'G5 <Æ
æeGgfn] <Æ d}n] pT;'stf bzf{PF .
æof]eGbf klxn]sf] OlGhlgo/ / hf]zLnfO{ xfdLn] sfo{afxLsf] ;"rLdf /fv]sf lyof}F, kl5 OlGhlgo/ lxF+l8xfNof] .Æ
pm Psl5g /f]lsof] .

46
 æclg .Æ
æbn / xfdL aLrsf] jftf{kl5 sfo{jfxLnfO{ xfdLn] /f]s]sf 5f}F .Æ
æt/ of] ;a} tkfOFn] dnfO{ lsg ;'gfpg'ePsf] <Æ
æxfdLnfO{ dfG5] lrGg w]/} a]/ nfUb}g .Æ
æxfdLn] k|f]h]S6 grnfpg] t ca <Æ
ætkfOF gofF ePsfn] xfdL df}sf lbg ;S5f}F t/ tkfOFsf] ;d"xsf] lhDdf tkfOFFn] lng' kg]{5 . km]l/ h'g hf]uL cfP
klg sfg lr/]sf] gxf];\ lg OlGhlgo/ ;/ ÛÆ pm xfF:of] .
d}n] x'Fb}g eGg] t k|Zg} p7]g . ck]Iff u/]eGbf ;lhnf] 9ª\uaf6 jftf{ eof] . cr]n g]kfnsf zflGt k|lqmofx¿
;f]r]eGbf rfF8f] x'Fb}5g\ . dnfO{ o'4If]qdf gofF ljhoWjhf uf8]sf] cg'ej eof] . t/ sfddf hlthlt k|v/tf xfl;n ub}{
uO/fv]sf] lyPF d}n] ToltTolt d cg}lts 9ª\uaf6 of] s'?If]qdf l5/]sf] ofb cfpFYof] . t/ s]xL 5}g, /f]zgn] RofK6/
Snf]H8 eg]kl5 RofK6/ Snf]H8 .
aflx/ lnof]gfbf{] cfk\mgf] csf]{ snfdf Jo:t lyof] .
æs'/f ;lsPsf] xf] ;/ <Æ
æ;lsof] klg, ldNof] klg .Æ
æxfdL ef]ln lxF8\g] t To;f]eP ÛÆ
ætkfOFF t oxLF a;] eOxfNof] lg, oxLFsf] lkmN8 ;'k/efOh/ xf]Og t tkfOF <Æ
d xfF;]F, of] pm dflysf] Joª\Uo dfq xf] eg]/ bzf{pgnfO{, pm klg lv:; xfF:of], d]/f] Joª\Uodf jf p;sf]
ljjztfdf, d}n] 5'6\ofpg ;lsg .

!$
b'O{ dlxgfkl5,

g]kfnsf] a[xt\ cfGbf]ngn] hgtfsf] hLt b]vfpg'sf] ;fy} gofF g]kfnsf] dfu{bz{g ul/;s]sf] lyof] . d klg t
cfk\mgf] cGtcf{Gbf]ngdf ljhoL ePsf] lyPF . sfd wdfwd ;~rfng eO/x]sf] lyof] . sf7df8f}Fdf cfdf Ps rf]l6 5'§L
lnP/ 3/ cfOh eGb} x'g'x'GYof], u|x g/fd|f] 5 eg] c/] Hof]ltifL afh]n], u|xzflGt u/fpg] c/] . cfs[tLsf] k|df];g ePsf]
dnfO{ ;'gfPsL lyO{ p;}n] . To;}n] ubf{ cr]n emg Jo:t x'g'k5{ /] p;n] . /f]zgsf] nfu]sf] le;fn] eg] sf7df8f}Fdf
lao/sf] af9L uof] /] eGg] xNnf k'u]sf] lyof] bfr'{nfdf . t/ /f]zgn] eg] ltdL geP/ vf;} /dfOnf] ePg eGb} lyof],
pm;Fusf] clGtd kmf]gjftf{df . clxn] t pm klg a'zafsf] ufpFdf -O8fxfcf] xf] zfob_ xf]nf, gofF s'g} rSn]6sf] vf]hLdf
.
lh=lj=;= sf] sfd gul/sg vfg] kl/kf6Ldf d}n] NofPsf] Toqf] x]/km]/n] eg] hf]zL clg Psfp06]G6 h:tfsf]
cfFvfsf] tf/f] agfPsf] lyof] dnfO{ . Ps xKtfsf] nflu lnOPsf] Pn=l8=cf]=sf] 5'§Ln] lgldQ Pn=l8=cf]=klg aGg'k/]sf]
lyof] oltv]/ dnfO{ .
aflx/sf] xNnfn] cfk\mgf] sfddf Wofg s]lGb|t ug{ g;s]kl5 d}n] lkog sfsfnfO{ a'em\ g k7fpg] lg0f{o u/]F .
æsfsf .Æ
æxh'/, ;/ .Æ
æs] ePsf] xf] aflx/ <Æ
ævf]O{ ;/, cfGbf]ng h:tf] 5 gofF s'g} .Æ
æa'em]/ cfpg' g PskN6 .Æ
lkog sfsf aflx/ lg:s] . kmls{g klg Tolt Hofbf ;do nfu]g .
æzfxL ;/sf/sf] kfnfdf l/t gk'uL lgo'lSt u/]sf sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lSt vf/]hL ug'{kg]{ /] .Æ
æsxfFsf] .Æ
æ;/ klg, lh=lj=;= cufl8 cfP/ wgf{ lbPkl5 lh=lj=;=s} xf]nf lg .Æ
æPs hgf dfq s'/f ug{ leq hfg" c/] eg]/ leq k7fOlbg" g .Æ
Ps l5gkl5 Pp6f cwa}+z] dfG5] d]/f] sf]7fleq l5¥of] . df]6f] e'F8L, cUnf] lhp8fnn] p;nfO{ gfOs] ePsf]
;'xfPsf] lyof] .
æ;/ gd:sf/ .Æ

47
 ægd:sf/, a:g'xf];\ g .Æ d}n] glhs} ePsf] s';L{df Ozf/f u/]F . pm To;df uP/ a:of] .
æs]sf] af/]df /] tkfOFx¿sf] cfGbf]ng .Æ
æzfxL ;/sf/sf] kfnfdf l/t gk'uL lgo'lSt u/]sf sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lSt vf/]hL ug'{kg]{ eGg] xfd|f] dfu xf] .Æ
ælh=lj=;=d} 5g\ t To:tf sd{rf/L <Æ d}n] cfk\mgf] clge1tf bzf{PF .
ægeP xfd|f] cfGbf]ng s]sf nflu t <Æ
ædnfO{ To:tf sd{rf/Lsf] gfd eGg ;Sg'x'G5 t <Æ
æxfdL;Fu nfd} lni6 5 .Æ
p;n] sfuhsf] 6'qmf lgsfn]/ dnfO{ lbof] . ln:6 ;fFRr} g} nfdf] lyof] . d}n] sfd ub}{u/]sf] k|f]h]S6sf] b'O{j6f
;f]l;on df]lanfOh/x¿sf] klg . d}n] b'O{ dlxgfdf cfkm"n] b]v]sf w]/} s'/f ;kfb}{ cfPsf] lyPF . of] gofF s'/f, dfgf}F d
ld/fh klS8gnfO{ bu'l//x]5' glhs k'u] h:tf] nfU5, t/ cGTodf b"/L plQg}, g36]sf], gs6]sf] . lgo'lStsf] nflu d
gx'~h]n t lkmN8 ;'k/efOh/s} lhDdf lyof] xf]nf . kSs} hf]zLn] cfk\mgf] dfG5] l5/fP h:tf] 5 .
æPn=l8=cf]=;/ gcfp~h]n t sbd rfNg ufx|f] x'G5 .Æ
æxfdL of] dfudf ljrf/ gx'~h]n cg;gdf 5f}F .Æ
æd tkfOFnfO{ Pp6f s'/fsf] cfZjf;g;Dd lbg ;S5' .Æ
æs:tf] <Æ
ætkfOFsf] sfd x'gnfO{ b'O{hgfn] vf/]hLdf b:tvt ug'{k5{ .Æ
æTof] t dnfO{ yfxf 5 . Pp6f Pn=l8=cf]=;/sf], Pp6f s'g sfo{qmdsf] xf], To;}sf] x]8 .Æ
æ7Ls, Pn=l8=cf]=;/sf] sfd t ug{ ;lSbg t/ sfo{qmdsf] x]8sf] ¿kdf eg] tkfOFnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;S5' .Æ
æs;/L <Æ pm d]/f] s'/fdf pT;'s lyof] .
æd]/f klg oxfF b'O{ j6f ;f]l;on df]lanfOh/x¿sf]] gfd 5 .Æ
ætkfOFn] cfkm\gf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;fy lbg'x'Gg eg]/ d}n] s;/L kTofpg] <Æ
æd dfq ;fFrf] s'/fsf] ;fy lbG5' . t/ dnfO{ yf]/} ;do rflxG5 .Æ
ælsg <Æ
æ;f]l;on df]lanfOh/x¿sf] x]g'{kg]{ Sjflnlkms];g dfq xf] / oxfF ;l6{lkms]6sf] k|ltlnlk geP klg d}n]
pgLx¿nfO{ Ps xKtfsf] ;do lbg}k5{ .Æ
æd oxfF cfk\mgf] dfq xf]Og, ;d"xsf] k|ltlglwTj u/]/ cfPsf] 5' . d}n] pgLx¿sf] lrQ a'emfpg ;Sg'k5{ .Æ
ætkfOFn] ;d"xnfO{ d]/f] afWotf ;'gfpg klg t ;Sg'x'G5 lg t .Æ

pm lgl:sg] lalQs} d sd{rf/Lx¿sf] kmfOndf tL b'O{ ;f]l;on df]lanfOh/x¿sf] ;l6{lkms]6x¿sf] kmf]6f]skL vf]Hg
Jo:t ePF . ;f]l;on df]lanfOh/x¿sf] ldlgdd Sjflnlkms];g OG6/d]l8o6 xf] . ;fFRr} g} ToxfF OG6/d]l8o6sf] skL
lyPg .
æsfsf .Æ
sfsf xtfl/+Fb} leq l5/] .
ælsg / ;/ <Æ
æhf]zLhLnfO{ Psl5g leq k7fOlbg'xf];\ g .Æ sfsf aflx/ lg:s] . Kof;]hsf] kNnf] s'gfdf klg pgsf] Kof6Kof6]
rKknsf] kbrfk ;'Gg kfOG5 lh=lj=;= df sfsf lxF8\bf .
hf]zL d]/f] sf]7fdf b]vf k¥of] .
æhf]zLhL xfd|f] ;f]l;on df]lanfOh/x¿nfO{ rflxg] Sjflnlkms];g slQ xf] ;fFRrL <Æ
d}n] hfgLhfgL a'em krfPF .
æOG6/d]l8o6 ;/ .Æ
æxfd|f b'O{hgf ;f]l;on df]lanfOh/sf] OG6/d]l8o6sf] Sjflnlkms];g 5}g, gePs} xf] ls, skL gcfOk'u]sf] xf] <Æ
æx'g'kg]{ xf] x'g t .Æ p;n] cg'xf/ /ftf]/ftf] agfpFb} hjfkm kmsf{of] .
æoxfF klg t rflxof] lg .Æ
æpgLx¿ t ufpFdf 5g\ .Æ
ToxL+g} axfgf– h'g agfpnf hf]zLn] eg]/ d}n] u]; u/]sf] lyPF .

48
 æo;f] u/f}F, Ps xKtf ;do lbpF ;l6{lkms]6 geP pgLx¿sf] lgo'lSt vf/]h x'G5 eg]/ va/ k7fOlbpF pgLx¿nfO{
ufpFdf .Æ
pm df}g /xof] . p;n] x'G5;Dd eg]g . t/ p;sf] df}gtfn] eg] dnfO{ w]/} s'/f elg/x]sf] lyof] .

!%
bz lbgkl5,

Pn=l8=cf]= labfaf6 kms]{kl5 d}n] Tof] sfdaf6 5'6\sf/f kfPF . b'j} ;f]l;on df]lanfOh/sf]] ;l6{lkms]6sf] k|ltlnlk
cfPg . x'Fb} gePsf] s'/fsf] k|ltlnlk lgsfNg' t ufx}| s'/f lyof] . d;Fu lgo'lSt vf/]hLsf] l;kmfl/; afx]s c? pkfo
lyPg .
æsfsf .Æ
sfsf bf}l8Fb} cfOk'u] d]/f] sf]7fdf, pgsf] Kof6Kof6] rKknsf] cfjfh d}n] cufl8 g} ;'lg;s]sf] lyPF .
æxh'/, ;/ .Æ
æof] lr¶L Pn=l8=cf]= ;/sf] sf]7fdf k'¥ofOlbg" g .Æ
æx'G5 ;/ .Æ sfsf aflx/ lg:s] .
Ps l5g d c? s'/fx¿d} cndlnPF . Ps l5gkl5 Kof6Kof6] rKkn km]l/ aHof] .
æ;/nfO{ Pn=l8=cf]= ;/n] cfk\mg} sf]7fdf af]nfpg'ePsf] 5 .Æ
d aflx/ lg:s]F . kxf8L lhNnf g} eP klg bfr'{nfsf] udL{ sf7df8f}Fsf] eGbf s8f 5 . h]7 t/t/L kl;gf
r'xfOlbgnfO{ lelq;s]sf] lyof] bfr'{nfdf . Pn=l8=cf]= ;/sf] sf]7f lh=lj=;=sf c? sf]7feGbf Jojl:yt lyof] .
æs] xf] < tkfOFn] t cfk\mg} sd{rf/Lsf] vf/]hLsf] dfu u/]/ k7fpg'eP5 lg t .Æ Pn=l8=cf]= ;/ xfF:b} x'g'x'GYof] .
æSjflnlkms];g gk'u]/ xf] ;/ .Æ d}n] cfkm"nfO{ yfxf ePsf] hfgsf/L Pn=l8=cf]= ;/nfO{ lbPF .
æTo:tf sd{rf/L t w]/} 5g\ t, bfr'{nfdf .Æ
æ?n eg]sf] t ?n g} xf] .Æ
æcfkm"–cfkm" aLrsf] s'/f lsg olt a9fPsf] tkfOFx¿n] <Æ
æcfkm"–cfkm" aLrsf] s'/f eGgfn] . ?n / /]u'n];gsf] s'/f t ;a}df nfu' x'G5 lg xf]Og / <Æ
ætkfOFsf] lj?4df l;Ug]r/ SofDk]g eof] oxfF .Æ
æs] eP/ <Æ
ætkfOFnfO{ yfxf 5}g <Æ
ætkfOFn] ;f]l;on df]lanfOh/x¿;Fu hflu/ arfpg' 5 eg] tnaaf6 dnfO{ k;]{G6]h rflxG5 eGg'eof] c/] .Æ
æd}n] slxn] eg]F To:tf] <Æ
ædfkmL dfUg'kg]{ /] tkfOFn] . gq c;xof]u cfGbf]ng z'? x'G5 /] tkfOFsf] lj?4df .Æ
æd}n] ulNt u/]s} 5}g, s]sf] dfkmL dfUg] <Æ dnfO{ lrRofpg dg nfUof] . d}n] s] ul/g of] sfo{qmd rnfpgnfO{,
clxn] d]/f] lj?4df c;xof]u cfGbf]ng, g/fd|f] dfG5]n] kfPsf] hdftsf] ;fy, cfk\mg} dfG5]x¿sf] 3ft, zfob oxL xf]nf
xfd|f] b]zsf] ?6 n]ensf] /fhgLlt .
ælzzfsf] 3/df a:g] dfG5]n] c?sf] 3/df 9'ª\uf xfGg'x'Fb}g lg t .Æ
ælzzfsf] 3/df a:g] dfG5], sf] ;/ <Æ
æxfdLnfO{ klg yfxf 5 tkfOFx¿sf] OShfdsf] af/]df ÛÆ Pn=l8=cf]= ;/sf] of] Joª\Uosf] hjfkm lyPg d;Fu .
o;kfln d ;fFRr} lg?Q/ lyPF . d}n] cfk\mgf] cg'xf/sf] kl;gfnfO{ ?dfnn] k'5]F . la:tf/} sf]7faf6 d lgl:sPF, ca d}n]
l8l;hg lng}kg]{ lyof] . s] tL ;f]l;on df]lanfOh/x¿nfO{ d}n] x6fpg ldN5 k|lqmof gldn]sf] eg]/ < lsg d}n] cfkm"
l5/]sf] af6f] la;]{+ <

49
 /fte/L nufP/ d}n] km};nf ul/;s]sf] lyPF . xftx¿ g} z/L/sf] lj?4 cfGbf]ngdf plqPkl5 z/L/ s;/L rnf];\ /
. d :jfledfg aGbsL /fv]/ hflu/ vfg ;lSbg . d bfr'{nf 5f]8\b}5' ca, oxfFsf af6fsf u'F/f;sf] af;gf af]s]/ kmls{g]5'
sf7df8f}Fdf . cfkmgf] vNtLsf] /fhLgfdf d}n] Pp6f Pn=l8=cf]= ;/sf] sf]7fdf / Pp6f x'nfsdf v;flnlbg" eg]/
sfsfsf] xftdf k7fPF . sfsfn] cfFz' el/Psf] cfFvfn] dnfO{ x]/] . d eg] pgsf] 5ftLnfO{ 6fpsf] c8\ofP/ a:g] 7fpF
b]lv/x]sf] lyPF . dfG5]nfO{ cfk\mgf] aGg ;do nfUbf]/x]g5, To:t} la/fgf] klg . bfr'{nfaf6 oxL g} l;s]F d}n] .

!^
b a]s/L Sofkm],
;fFemsf] ^ ah] .

æ=== ToxL eP/ d}n] Tof] sfd 5f]l8lbPFF .Æ

d}n] cfs[tLnfO{ cfk\mgf] hflu/sf] af/]df ;a} ;'gfPF . /f]zgsf] Snf]H8 RofK6/ afx]s .
cfs[tLsf] cg'xf/ sfnf] ePsf] lyof] d]/f] syf ;'g]/, pm w]/}a]/ df}g /xL d]/f] s'/f ;'g]kl5 . skmLsf] ;'¿k–;'¿k
afx]s s]xL klg cfjfh lyPg b a]s/L Sofkm]]df Toltv]/ .
æt/ ltdLn] hflu/ 5f]8]/ 7Ls u/]gf} .Æ w]/} a]/kl5 cfs[tLn] df}gtf tf]8L . pm d]/f] hflu/ 5f]8fOn] v'zL lyOg
eGg] t p;sf] df}gtfn] g} elg/x]sf] lyof], ca p;sf] jfSon] klg eGb} lyof] .
æd;Fu c? cK;g lyof] / <Æ d}n] k|ltk|Zg u/]F .
æ;do /fd|f] gePsf] a]nf cfkm"eGbf tnlt/sf] dfG5]sf] klg rfs8L ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . ltdLn] eljio x]/]gf} .Æ
;'emfj lbg yfn]kl5 pm k6Ss} /fd|L b]lvGg, p;nfO{ ;'xfpFb} ;'xfpFb}g . cem p;nfO{ yfxf gePsf] s'/fdf .
æd g/fd|f]nfO{ /fd|f] eGg ;lSbg b]Vbfb]Vb} .Æ
æltdLn] slxNo} cfkm"nfO{ unt b]v]sf] 5f} <Æ
æd unt sxfF lyPF / <Æ
æyfxf x'FbfxF'b} nf]snx¿;Fu lgx'F vf]Hg' ;xL xf] t <Æ
ædnfO{ lrNnf] 3:g cfpFb}g .Æ
æltdLnfO{ dfG5]sf] d'6' l/emfpg cfpFb}g, 6G8gsf] OG6/lepdf klg ltdL emu8f u/]/ aflx/ lg:s]sf] xf]Og t <Æ
æd}n] ltdLnfO{ 3fpdf g"g bn eg]/ 3fp b]vfPsf] t xf]Og lg .Æ
æltdL vfnL cfk\mg} af/]df ;f]R5f} .Æ
pm s;/L eGg ;S5] d cfk\mgf] af/]df dfq ;f]R5' eg]/, d}n] t cfk\mgf] eGbf Hofbf t p;}sf] af/]df ;f]Rg] u/]sf]
5' .
æd <Æ
æclg s] t <Æ p;sf] /ftf] cg'xf/n] dnfO{ pm l/;fpFb} uPsf] :ki6 b]vfpFb} lyof] .
æs;/L <Æ
æyfxf 5}g .Æ
æyfxf gePsf] s'/fsf] cf/f]k nufpFb} 5f} ddf, d}n] t d sf7df8f}F kms]{kl5 ltdL v'zL xf]nfpm eGg] 7fg]sf] lyPF
.Æ
æhLjg ;Fw} b a]s/L Sofkm]]df xftdf xft /fv]/ t laTb}g lg .Æ
æd]/f] gf]n]h hf]zL h:tfsf] xft df]Ng'kg]{ u/L ;l8O;s]sf] 5}g .Æ
æhflu/ csf]{ kfFr dlxgfkl5 < 3/sf] d]/f] laxfsf] s'/fnfO{ rflxF ltdLn] ;fl/lbG5f} kfFr dlxgf <Æ
d}n] aNn a'em]F pm l/;fpg'sf] sf/0f . pm eg] cfk\mgf] /ftf] gfs g]lKsgn] k'5\gdf Jo:t lyO{ . ;'FSs–;'FSs
cfjfhn] pm ?g cfF6]sf] eGg] k|i6 lyof] .
æs] u/f}F t d < ltdLnfO{ dfUg hfpF clxNo} <Æ
d emls{PF . bfr'{nfeGbf ;lhnf] klg 5}g sf7df8f}Fdf . o;kfln d}n] cnL rsf]{ g} :j/n] af]n] h:tf] 5, b a]s/L
Sofkm]]sf w]/}sf] Wofg xfdLlt/ g} lyof] .
æltdLnfO{ b]vfpg ltdLdf s] g} :k]zn 5 / clxn] <Æ

50
 o;kfln pm klg l/;fO{ . p;sf] ufnfsf] sn/n] g} elg/x]sf] lyof] Tolt t . t/ dnfO{ p;sf] ufnfsf] sn/df
cfh vf;} rf;f] lyPg .
æ:k]zn eGgfn] <Æ
æ3/df AjfO{k|m]G8 5 eg]kl5 s] u5{ eg]/ ;f]Wb}gg\ < d s] eGg' <Æ
p;n] km]l/ gfs g]lKsgn] k'5L . s]6Lx¿ cfk\mgf] ;d:ofnfO{ hlxNo} 7"nf] b]vfpF5g\ . d bfr'{nfdf Toqf] eP/
kmls{PF, s;/L kmls{PF, lbdfusf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 a'em\ g'sf] ;§f vfnL laxfsf] s'/f Û 3/ cufl8 s]6fx¿sf] nfOg nfu]
h:t} .
æs] xf] eGg], OlGhlgo/ xf] eGg] lg .Æ
æa]/f]huf/ eGg' ls geGg' <Æ
pm lrRofO{, km]l/ b a]s/L Sofkm]sf w]/} dfG5]n] xfdLlt/ x]/] .
æltdL klxnf o:tL lyOgf} .Æ
æltdL klg t o:tf lyPgf} lg .Æ
æ8G6 lqmP6 c l;g lxo/, cl3b]lv j/k/sf dfG5] xfdLnfO{ x]l//x]sf 5g\ .Æ
æd xf]Og, ltdL l;g lqmP6 ul//x]sf 5f} . ltdLn] cem} d]/f] kl/l:ylt a'em]gf} .Æ
ælsg, ltdLn] d]/f] a'e]msL 5f} / < dnfO{ cfk\mgf] nflu ltdLn] lxDdt h'6fOlbg' t k/} hfcf];\, cl3b]lv cfk\mgf]
/f]gfwf]gf lnP/, l;l/on agfpg cfF6] h:tf] .Æ
æltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 < o' cf/ c 6f]6n n'h/ . cfk\mg} ;fyL /f]zgnfO{ x]/, pm sxfF k'lu;Sof] .Æ
pm km]l/ lrRofO{, d}n] otfptf x]/]F .
æTof] d]/f] PlDa;g lyPg .Æ
æs] xf] t ltd|f] PlDa;g, sf7df8f}Fd} xlNng] <Æ
æd}n] To:tf] eg]F / <Æ
æd}n] t To:t} a'em]F, s]6f clxn] o'=P;=df 5, b'O{rf/ lbg klv{g'xf];\ eGg dnfO{ klg t ;lhnf] x'GYof] .Æ
pm cem} g]lKsgg} rnfO/x]sL lyO{ . l/;sf] /fkn] gfsg} kUn] h:tf] .
æof] ltd|f] xf]Og, ;a} ltd|f] hflu/sf] bf]if xf] . vfnL g]kfn aflx/ dfq ;+;f/ b]V5f} .Æ
æg]kfnd} 5 t ;+;f/ <Æ
æcfk\mgf] b]zdf t sxfF ;+;f/ b]VYof} t, kl;gf aflx/ k7fpg] bnfnsf]df t xf] lg ltdLn] sfd ug]{ .Æ
æcfkm" klg vfg' 5}g, csf{n] vfPsf] hflu/df klg bf]if b]V5f} . a;]sf] eP eOxfNYof] lg ltd|f] /fd|f] ;+;f/df, ltdL
5f]8]/ cfof} lg bfr'{nfsf] ;+;f/nfO{ .Æ
dnfO{ klxnf]kN6 w]/} cufl8sf] /f]zgsf] :6Ln Unf; lyo/L ofb cfof] . s]6Lx¿ b]lvFb}gg\– pgLx¿ s] x'g\ eg]/ .
s] oxL xf] t cfs[tLsf] jf:tljs ¿k <
æcK7\of/f] g} x'G5 eg] dnfO{ s] ;f]lw/x]sf] t < u/] eOxfNof] lg afpcfdfn] vf]Hb]s};Fu .Æ d cfj]zdf s';L{af6
p7]F . lan k] u/]/ aflx/ lg:s]F . cfs[tL leq cfFvfgfs b'j} k'5\b} lyO{ .
3/df d]/f] u|xzflGtsf] s'/f rNb} lyof] . d]/f clxn] u|xx¿ 7Ls 5}gg\ c/] Hof]ltif afn] eGg'ePsf], ;fFRr} g} d]/f
u|xx¿ 7Ls 5}gg\ . slxNo} emu8f gx'g] dfG5];Fu klg cfh emu8f eof] .
/ft l5lKkFb} lyof], lgGb|f cfh lsg xf] lsg sf];f}F 6f9f lyof] . w]/}a]/ klN6Pkl5 d}n] cfs[tLnfO{ sn ug]{ lg0f{o
u/]F .
ædnfO{ ltdL;Fu af]Ng' 5}g .Æ
æ;/L ÛÆ
æltdLn] g} xf]Og afpcfdfn] vf]h]sf];Fu} lax] ug'{ eg]sf] .Æ
æ;/L eg]F t d}n] .Æ
æltdLnfO{ d]/f] 3/sf] clxn]sf] l;r'P;g yfxf 5}g ToxL eP/ xn'sf s'/f u¥of} ltdLn] .Æ
æltdL 6fg{ ;lSbgf}, Ps b'O{ dlxgf dnfO{ laxf ug{ dg 5}g eg]/ <Æ
æufx|f] 5, ToxL eP/ t ltdL;Fu s'/f u/]sf] .Æ
d pkfosf] vf]hLdf nfu]F, eujfg\ Û cfdfsf] u|xzflGtn] sfd u/f];\, cfs[tLsf cfdfa'jfn] Tof] s]6f dg gk/fpg\ .

51
 laxfg} p7fO eO/x]sf] 5 cfhsn u|xzflGtsf] sd{sf08n], ;"o{ eujfg\nfO{ kfgL r9fpgsf] nflu . lbpF;f] sf6\g
emg ufx|f] ePsf] lyof] sf7df8f}Fdf, xfd|f] g]kfn 6ksf ;fyLx¿ ltt/lat/ eO;s]sf lyP, ;dosf] rk]6fdf k/]/ . cem
g]kfn 6ksf d'6' /f]zg / k|sfzsf] cg'kl:ylt v6\lsGYof] sf7df8f}Fdf . h;f]t;f] u/]/ lbg sfl6of] .
/ft km]l/ sfnf] cf]9\g] cf]9fpFb} lyof] cfsfznfO{, cfsfzsf tf/f eg] ToxL cf]9\g]df hl8Psf lyP jf cf]9\g]sf
Kjfn x'g 5'6\ofpg ufx|f] lyof] . d}n] 6]ln]kmf]gsf] tf/ hf]8]F cfk\mgf] sDKo'6/df . x'g t g]6df vf;} sfd t lyPg t/
;do s6fpg] d]nf] . bfr'{nfdf grnfPkl5 t d]/f] d]n cfO8L l8PlS6e]6 x'g'eGbf cufl8 g} rnfpg' klg t h?/L lyof]
.
-oqf] lbgdf dfq ;ftj6f d]n, lal;{g yfn]5g\ s]6fx¿n], clg cfs[tLsf] klg d]n, lxhf] ev{/ t emu8f ePsf] .
cfh d]n Û pT;'s ag]F d .

cfzLif, of] d]n k9\ \bf ltdLnfO{ crDd nfUg ;S5 t/ dnfO{ yfxf 5 ltdLn] Jojxfl/s eP/ k9g]5f} .
k9bf
ljutsf] kfFr dlxgfdf, cfk\ \mgf] hflu/df d}n] dfG5]sf] hLjgsf] csf]{ kf6f] b]v]F . aflx/ hfg] lt;{gf b]v]F .
cfkmgf]
aflx/af6 kms]{/ cfPsf / pxLF a;]sfx¿sf] /xg;xg b]v]F . glhs}af6 ;fFrf] cy{sf] hLjg b]v]F .
PlDa;g x/fP/ ef}tfl/O{ /x]sf] ltdLnfO{ ;fy lbg] d}n] w]/} k|of; u/]F . t/ ltdL ef}tfl/g'nfO{, x/fpg'nfO{ g} ofqf
7fg]/ lxFl8lbG5f} . clg cfk\
cfkmgf]
\mgf] l9kLnfO{, s]6fs]6LkgnfO{
LkgnfO{ cfbz{ 7flglbG5f} . ltd|f] / d]/f] aLrsf] ;DaGwsf] z'?jftdf
d}n] xfdL w]/} 6f9f hfpFnf, xfd|f rfxgfx¿ ldNnfg\ldNnfg\ eGg] ;f]r]sf] lyPF t/ ltd|f] / d]/f] rfxgfsf] lIflth km/s /x]5 .
ltdL ;fgf;fgf OR5fx¿df /dfpFF5f} . b a]s/L Sofkm]df xftdf xft ldnfP/ Ps csf csf{{sf cfFvf h'wfP/ x/fpgdf
/dfpF5f} . clg ;Fu} a;]/, ;fgf] 3/df ;fgf] s'/fdf clNemP/ g} v'zL x'g rfxG5f} . g/fd|f] nfU5 t} klg n]Vb}5',
;kmntfsf] nflu ;fgf–
;fgf–;fgf b'O{rf/ kfOnf xf]Og, Pp6f 7"nf] km8\ km8sf]
\sf] dfg{'k5{ . xfdL clxn];Dd ;Fu};Fu} lxF8] klg leGg
nIfsf] nflu
nflu lxFl8/x]sf /x]5f}F s'g} bf]af6f]sf] vf]hLdf . ltdLdf kl/jt{gsf] cfz g/x]kl5 d}n] cfkm"nfO{ g} kl/jt{g u/]sL
5' .
lbbLn] Pp6f g]kfnL g} t/ c:6«]lnofsf] lk=cf/= kfPsf] s]6f;Fu d]/f] laxfsf] s'/f rnfpg'ePsf] /x]5 . d}n] p;sf]
/ ltd|f] sNkgfsf] ;+;f/ bfFh]/ x]/]F . pm ltdL hltsf] /f]dflG6s 5}g, t/ 7Ls 5 pm efjgfdf aUg] 5}g, s'g} cfbz{nfO{
;dfpg] 5}g / ;a}eGbf 7"nf] s'/f oyfy{df g} /dfpg] 5 . dnfO{ ToxL eP/ p;}sf] ;+;f/ /dfOnf] nfUof] .
dnfO{ yfxf 5 ltdL dnfO{ :jfyL{ eGg]5f}– of] d]n kl9;s]kl5 t/ 5'§f5'§} rfxgfx¿ rfxgfx¿ lnP/ b'j}hgf ;Fu} lxF8g'\g'
clg b'MvL x'g'eGbf klg cnu–
cnu–cnu g} ;'vL eP/ ofqf ug'{dfg} /dfOnf] x'G5 lg hLjg xf]Og / < d ltd|f gf;f]x¿ ;a}
ltdLnfO{ kmsf{pg rfxG5' . ltdLnfO{ Psrf]l6 e]6g\ rfxG5' . ToxLF, b a]s/L Sofk]m cufl8 .

d}n] d]nnfO{ bf]xf]¥ofPF t]x]¥ofPF, s]xL cy{df kl/jt{g cfpF5, efj ablnG5 ls egL . t/ d'6' ePsfn] t g;f]r]sf]
s'/f, lar/f lghL{j sDKo'6/n] s;/L a'emf];\ d]/f] dgsf] efjgfnfO{ . d}n] d]/f] d]naS; aGb u/]F . dfp;nfO{ 3f]l/P/ x]/]F
. wldnf] b]lvO/x]sf] sDKo'6/sf] Tof] :qmLg x]/]F . ?dfnn] cfFFvf k'5]/ km]l/ x]/]F efjz"Go, r]tz"Go ag]/ . x'g t cfFz'nfO{
klg yfxf lyof] pm To;sf] sb/ gePsfsf] nflu v:b}5 eg]/ t/ pm klg t cfk\mgf] wd{ lgefpFb} lyof] . k'5\bfk'5\b} klg
emb}{ lyof] ToxL lgi7'/Lsf] nflu . /ft hfu]/} laTof], g9fF6L eGbf /f]P/} laTof] .
laxfg ;''lGgPsf] cfFvf lnP/ d p7]F, p7]F s] egf}F, d t ;'t]s} lyOg . r'krfk lrof lnP/ a;]F lsrgleq cfdfl;t
. dg nfu]sf] lyof] cfdfsf] sfvdf 6fpsf] /fv]/ /f]OlbpF km]l/ ws km'sfP/ . yfxf lyof] Tof] zs PAhe{/df d]/f] 6fpsf]
cl8Psf] eP ;a} 7Ls x'g] lyof], t/ d Tof] klg t ug{ ;Sb}gy]F .
æcflzif tF hflu/s} sf/0fn] ubf{ xf] 3f]l/Psf] <Æ
æxf]Og .Æ
æs] eP/ t <Æ
æ/flt sDKo'6/df w]/}a]/ a;]F ToxL eP/ xf]nf .Æ
æ9fF6]sf] x]/ g o;n] . d kTofO{ g} xfN5' h:tf] .Æ
cfdfsf] cfFvf cfFvf geP/ PS;/] xf] . d]/f] lk/dsf{ kQf nufpg] 8foUgf]l;; u/]/ . s/fOdf plk|m/x]sf] t]nsf]
cfjfh d]/f] sfg;Dd k'Ub} lyof]– Ps l5g;Dd . d]/f] ;f]r eg] k'/fg} ofbx¿nfO{ pkmfb}{ lyof] cfk\mgf] dgdf . dnfO{
Psrf]l6 dfq eP klg cfs[tLsf] oyfy{sf] ;+;f/ x]g{ dg 5 . p;sf] kl/efiffsf] /dfOnf] ljZj x]g{ dg 5, ;fg} rfxgf
af]s]sf] dfG5] g} eP klg d]/f] dfofeGbf ef/L b]vfOPsf] t/fh'sf] csf]{ kf6f] x]g{ dg 5 .

52
b'O{ lbgkl5,

7]; nflu;s]kl5 ;Dxflng' zfob dfgjwd{ xf] . d klg wd{ lgefpg b a]s/L Sofkm] hfg] ePF . df};d kl/jt{g
x'g cfF6] h:tf] lyof] sf7df8f}Fsf], em/L knf{ h:tf] lyof] . cfh pm ;dod} cfO5] . leq l5g{ h?/L 7fg]gf}F xfdLn] .
ca eg] d]/f zAbx¿ l/lQPsf lyP . /f]zg clg p;sf] :6Ln Unf; lyo/L ;fFrf] lyof] . d]/f] k|]dsyf o;/L g}
l;l4g' /x]5 . lsg < s;/L < d}n] leQflt/ 6fpsf] kmsf{PF . cfFvf leh]sf] b]vfP/ kmfObf klg t lyPg 9'ª\u] d'6'sf]
cufl8 . d}n] k|tfk dNnsf] /fgLkf]v/L;Fu bfFh]sf] b a]s/L Sofkm]nfO{ x]/]F . k|tfk dNn klg d"v{ nfu] dnfO{ h;n] dfof
ga'em\ g] hftnfO{ /fgLkf]v/L agfP . s]6Lx¿n] ;fFrf] dfof lrGg] eP, ug]{ eP b'O{, rf/j6f /fhfkf]v/L klg t aGy] xf]nf
.
æd}n] klg ltd|f n]6/x¿ lnP/ cfPsf] 5' .Æ
sd;]sd Pshgfsf] ;fy 5'6\bf d]/f hLjgsf af6fx¿ ablng vf]h] klg d]/f] ofqf /f]lsg] 5}g . d aflx/ lg:s]F .
aflx/ l;dl;d kfgL kl//x]sf] lyof], d]/f] 6'lqmPsf] d'6' b]v]/ ;f/f cfsfz /f]Ph:tf] . yf]/} k/ ;ft dlxgfb]lv 5'l§Psf]
;fyL;Fu hDsfe]6 u/]+ . pm ;lNsof], r'/f]6 km]l/ kmls{of] d]/f] lhGbuLdf . w'jfF kftlnFb} cfsflzFb} p8\of] . d}n] w'jfF
r'/f]6sf] xf] jf d]/f] d'6'sf] d}n] 5'6\ofpg ;lsg . d 3/ kmls{PF .
cg'xf/df s]xL t'if afFsL /x\of] zfob .
æslt 6]G;g lnG5 of] cflzif, sxLF g sxLF t kfOxfN5;\ lg hflu/ .Æ cfdfn] d]/f] cg'xf/ lgofNb} eGg'eof] .
æd o'=P;= k9\gsf] nflu 6«fO{ ug]{ ePF .Æ
æaNn a'l4 lkm/]5, of] s]6fsf] . s'g o'lgel;{6L <Æ
æO8fxfcf], zfob . /f]zgnfO{ cfO{6\jfOG6Lsf] nflu d]n k7fpF5' .Æ
d yf]/} ;dos} nflu eP klg s:tf] x'Fbf]/x]5 t 7"nf] km8\sf] dfg]{ kfOnfx¿ rnfpg rfxG5' cfs[tLs} zAbdf .
x]/f}F s]xL kl/jt{g cfpF5 ls– ofbx¿nfO{ /fgLkf]v/Ld} 8'afP/ .

t];|f] v08
!

d cr]n laxfg} p7\5' . ddf cfPsf] kl/jt{gdf of] klg k5{, /Iffsf] b]g . af6f]sf] kfl/ nfd nfu]sf 3/x¿,
lrN8«]G; kfs{ b]Vbf nfUof] log} s'/fx¿ klxnf slt /dfOnf nfUby] . Tof] pT;fx, pdª\u vf]O lsg x/fPsf] 5 . clg
ofb cfof] k'Nrf]s SofDk;df x'Fbf u/]sf ;do / kl/jt{gsf s'/f . w]/} h:tf] xfd|f dft]sf af]nLdf o:tf ljjfbx¿
lglSng] ub{y] . clg xfdL lgsfNYof}F gf}nf]kg / /dfOnf]kgsf cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGwx¿ . Pp6f ;w}+ ef]sf] /xg] k]6nfO{
vfgf hlt /dfOnf] 5, Tolt g} /dfOnf] x'G5 ;w}+ el/g] k]6nfO{ Ps lbgsf] ef]s . ;'v / v'zL h:tf dgsf
cj:yfx¿nfO{ ;dfhsf] cfkm"dflysf] b[li6sf]0fn] lgb]{lzt ub{5 / ToxL dfG5] ;dfhsf] gh/df ;'vL b]lvg hLjge/
;ª\3if{ ul//xG5 .
lsg–lsg d]/f] dgdf o:tf s'/fx¿ cfhsn v]ln/xG5g\ . cg]sf}F lsgx¿n] d]/f] dlyª\un xNnfpg yfn]kl5
/Iffsf] sfv g} d]/f] nflu ;xfg'e"lt lnP/ cfpF5 / d To;}df ;+;f/ la;]{/ x/fpg] u5'{ .

æxfO{ .Æ kfls{Ëaf6 sn]hlt/ l5b}{ ubf{ /fx'nn] dnfO{ ;Daf]wg u¥of] .

æxfO{, O=cfO=P= sf] P;fOGd]G6 u/]sf] xf] <Æ
æd}n] lxh} ;AdL6 u/]sf] .Æ
æd]/f] To;df lkmlgl;ª 6r lbg afFsL 5, d Psl5g nfOa|]/L uP/ cfp5' x} .Æ
æcf]s], cfh t d k"/} lk|m 5' d slkm;kd} x'G5'' .Æ

53
 nfOa|]/Ldf lstfasf yfssf aLrdf /fx'nn] eg]sf] km]l/ ;lDemPF . æd}n] lxh} ;AdL6 u/]sf] .Æ k'Nrf]sdf ePsf] eP
nft xfGy]F ;fg{ glbO{ l/kf]6{ ;AdL6 ug]{nfO{ . d la:tf/} km]l/ Psrf]l6 ctLt clg k'Nrf]s SofDk;df 8f]l/PF .

cfO{=cf]=O=, k'Nrf]s SofDk;

@)^!

æsxfF ufoa ;/ b'O{ lbg;Dd <Æ cflzifn] dnfO{ cfO{=cf]=O sf] u]6df e]§fpg] lalQs} ;f]Wof] .
æbfdgsf] lxpF v]nfO{, Hj/f] g} km'6fof] lg of/ b'O{ lbg;Dd .Æ
æclg :6«Sr/sf] P;fOgd]G6 s] u5{;\, cfh a'emfpg] <Æ
Æt}Fn] ;fg{ lbFb}g;\ / <Æ
ærf/ jif{df Ps b'O{j6f l/kf]6{ t cfkm}F agfP klg s;}n] s]xL eGb}g .Æ p;n] ddfly Joª\Uo u¥of] .
æ;fyL o:tf eP b'Zdg lsg rflxof], dnfO{ Hj/f] cfPsf] yfxf x'Fbfx'Fb} Û d]/f] eGg' s]xL 5}g . ef] t]/f] l/kf]6{
rflxPg .Æ
ægf6s g} w]/}, nf n}hf, ;f]onsf] h:tf] Sofkm]df uP/ ;f/]/ lrof kf]lvlbO;\ eg] ca rflxF+ ;f];{ ;w}+sf] nflu aGb
x'G5, a'lem;\ <Æ
æYofª\S; ÛÆ olt eg]/ d PsfGt 7fpFsf] vf]hLdf nfu]F l/kf]6{ ;fg{ .

la=P;=kL=, :6«Sr/sf] ug]r'g]sf l6r/x¿dWo] Ps, ;/f;/ xfd|f] Snf;df l5/]kl5 xfd|f] Snf; zfGt eof] .
æ/f]zg, )%*÷la=l;=O=÷!!@ sf] xf] < Sofg o' KnLh u]6 ck <Æ d h'?Ss p7]F .
æefOn] P;fOgd]G6 /fd|f] u/]5f} .Æ
ÆYofª\s o' ;/ .Æ
æclg of] k]hsf] aLrdf lk=6L=cf]= rflxF lsg lg efO < lk=6L=cf]= t k]hsf] cGTod} /fd|f] b]lvG5 h:tf] nfU5 dnfO{
t .Æ
Snf;sf ;a}df Ps}rf]l6 xfF;f]sf] kmf]xf]/f 5'6\of] . la=P;=kL=;/ klg xfF:g yfNg'eof] . d klg cfk\mgf] AnG8/ b]vL
gxfF;L /xg ;lsg .

PSsfl; d To;/L xfF;]sf]df nfOa|]/Ldf dnfO{ ;a 6'n'6'n' x]l//x]sf /x]5g\ . d km]l/ r'krfk P;fOgd]G6df Jo:t
ePF .

P;fOgd]G6 l;WofP/ kmls{bf klg /fx'n slkm;kd} lyof] . OlG8og ePsfn] xf]nf pm ;fpy Pl;ogx¿;Fu g} Hofbf
3'nldn x'g ?rfpFYof] .
æg]kfndf t clxn] w]/} kl/jt{g eO/x]sf] 5 x} <Æ
ukmsf] l;nl;nf p;}n] z'? u¥of] . l5d]sLsf] gftfn] xf]nf pm xfd|f] b]zk|lt rf;f] b]vfO/x]sf] lyof] .
æxf], ;r]t g]kfnLsf u'lD;Psf rfxgfx¿ k|:km'l6t x'Fb}5g\ .Æ
æg]kfnLx¿ /fhgLltk|lt ;fFRr} g} ;r]t 5g\, o;df d klg ;d{yg u5'{, t/ g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt g]kfnaf6 dfq}
;~rflnt 5}g .Æ
æt];|f] d'n'sx¿sf] b'b{zf g} oxL xf] . alnofn] lgd'vfnfO{ clwgd} /fVg rfxG5g\ . ef/tsf] g]kfnk|ltsf] Jojxf/
;fdGtL 5 .Æ o;kfln d}n] l;w} pmdfly g} cfqmd0f u/]F .
æ;a}hgf cf–cfk\mgf] :jfy{af6 k|]l/t x'G5g\ / x'g}k5{ . olb ef/tn] g]kfnaf6 cjfl~5t kmfObf lnPsf] 5 eg] Tof]
g]kfnsf] ulNt xf] .Æ
æc;dfg zlQmx¿sf] aLr ;dfg ;lGw slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g .Æ
æxf], To;}n] t ef/tnfO{ bf]if lbg ldNb}g .Æ
jfbljjfbdf p;nfO{ glhTg] b]lvPkl5 d}n] s'/f abNg] hdsf{] u/]F .
æclg ltdLx¿sf] b]zn] t 6Gg pGglt ub}{5 . otf cfpg'sf] sf/0f <Æ
æpGglt ;fk]lIfs x'G5, t/ oxfF cfpg] :t/sf] dfG5]n] b]zd} cj;/ gkfP/ cfPsf] eg] x}g . d kmls{G5' / d}n]
cj;/ kfpF5' eGg]df lglZrGt 5' .Æ

54
 æcj;/ g} gkfpg] t g]kfndf klg x}g .Æ crfgs} d]/f] d'vaf6 km'l:sof] .
æt/ d}n] hlt klg g]kfnL e]6]F pgLx¿sf] dgl:ylt kmls{g] vfnsf] kfOg . ltd|f] larf/ s] 5 <Æ lsg xf] lsg d}n]
p;nfO{ cfkm\gf] of]hgf eGg ;lsg .
ækms{g' gkms{g' JolStut wf/0ff xf] t/ gkms{g'sf] sf/0f a]sf/ a:g'k5{ xf] h:tf] rflxF dnfO{ nfUb}g .Æ
ukm 6'ª\UofP/ d sfdlt/ nfu]F . t/ p;sf jfSox¿n] lgs}a]/ dnfO{ emSemSofO/x] .

cfhsn d}n] /fd|f] sfd kfPsf] 5' :6f]/ lsk/sf] . klxnf s:68Lsf] sfd ubf{ ;fx|} lbSs nfUYof] . emNemNtL
;lDemGy]F 3/df x'Fbf n'uf w'g cN5L u/]sf] . u|fxsx¿sf] sdL x'Fbf, xf] ;do sf6\g k6\of/nfUbf] x'G5 t/ zf/Ll/s >d
sd kg]{ x'gfn] /flt k9\g ;do kfOG5 . d a]nfa]nfdf ;f]Rg] u5'{– of] 7fpFdf cfpg] lalQs} ddf sfd ug]{ hf]zhfFu/
sxfFaf6 cfof] < zfob cfjZostf / afWotf klg . :jtGqtf;Fu} ;xf/f klg x/fpFbf] /x]5 . clglZrttf eg] sf}t'xntf
lnP/ cfpFbf]/x]5 / zfob d To;}df /dfO{ klg /x]sf] 5' .

sfd ;s]/ kmls{g] lalQs} cflzifsf] kmf]g cfof] . Gofl;|P h:tf] 5 . oxfF cfpg] lalQs} ;a}nfO{ o:t} x'G5 . la/fgf]
7fpFdf, gofF glrg]sf cgf}7f cg'xf/x¿, 3'dfpg n}hf eg] klg dnfO{ yfxf 5 Gof;|f] nfu]/} To;n] dnfO{ af]nfPsf] xf] .
/IffnfO{ l9nf] x'g] hfgsf/L lbP/ d p;sf]lt/} nfu]F .

æs:tf] 5 t cg'ej ;fyL <Æ d}n] e]6\g] lalQs} p;nfO{ ;f]w]F .

ætF cfO;\, ca zfob /dfOnf] xf]nf .Æ
ædnfO{ yfxf lyof], z'?–z'?df o:t} x'G5 .Æ
d}n] p;nfO{ 5]j}sf] /]i6'/]G6df lnP/ uPF .

æoxFf cfpg] lalQs} hLjg lhpg] tl/sfdf slt km/s k5{ xlu <Æ
ælsg s] b]lv;\ / To:tf] <Æ
æx}g, oxfFsf s]6fx¿sf] ukm ;'g]/, d/L–d/L sfd u/]/ udL{df 3'DgnfO{ k};f hf]ufpF5g\, OG;6nd]G6 ltb}{ eP klg
uf8L r9\5g\ . g]kfndf Tolt k};f ePsf] eP 38]/L lsGy] xf]nf .Æ cflzifn] xfF:b} eGof] .
æt/ To;nfO{ ljZjf;;Fu klg bfFHg ;lsG5 . ha dnfO{ ;lhn} sfd u/]/ hLjg u'hfg{ ;S5' eGg] ljZjf; x'G5
Toltv]/ d eljiod'vL artlt/ yf]/} Wofg lbG5' .Æ
æt/ dnfO{ o;sf] sf/0f cs}{ nfU5 .Æ
æs] <Æ d}n] k|Zg u/]F .
ætF ;xdt x'Fb}g;\ .Æ pm d':sfof], yf]/} .
æeg\ g t .Æ
æoxfF efjgfsf] hfnf] yf]/} 5 . t oxfFsf ;fyLx¿dWo] Pp6f o:tf] ;fyL ;lDemg vf]h h;n] P;];d]G6df tFnfO{
;fg{ lbG5 h:tf] nfU5 .Æ
d}n] cfFvf lrlDng vf]h]F . t/ d]/f] dgdf dfq k'Nrf]s] cg''xf/x¿ s'lb/x] .
æjflxoft, df:6;{df cfP/ klg s;}n] skL u5{ <Æ d}n] cfk\mgf] xf/ n'sfpg vf]h]F .
cflzif eg] hLtsf] em08f uf8]kl5 d':sfpFb} lyof] .
æd]/f] dtna oxfFsf] x\o'dg Eofn';Fu lyof], xfdL l/n];gnfO{ w]/} dxTj lbG5f}F . oxfF dfG5] dfq cfk\mgf] af/]df
;f]R5g\, To;}n] eljio x]b}{gg\ .Æ
æTo:tf] xf]Og .Æ d}n] dfq olQ eGg ;s]F .
ætF oxfFsf s;}nfO{ ltdLx¿sf] xh'/a'jf slthgf bfh'efO eg]/ ;f]w t ÛÆ
d cndNn k/]F .
æxfdL cnu–cnu y/nfO{ klg Pp6} uf]qaf6 bfh'efO eG5f}F, ufpFe/Lsf a'9fa'9L xfd|f sfsf sfsL x'G5g\ .
zf]n'sL z]lk{gL klg xfd|L lbbL x'lG5g\ . oxfF vf]O{ t ;DaGw < oxfF dfq sfdbf/ 5g\ /f]af]6, ;do ;dfTg s'lb/xg]
/f]af]6 .
cflzif r'k eof], t/ r'k x'g'cl3 w]/} af]n]/ dfq r'k eof] .

55
 æcfs[tLsf] af/]df yfxf kfP/ b'Mv nfUof] .Æ cGTodf d}n] g} df}gtf tf]8]F .
ækl9;ls;\ <Æ
æp;n] To:tf] unL{ eg]/ d}n] lrtfPsf] klg lyOg .Æ
æd}n] klg, t/ To;df p;sf] s]xL bf]if 5}g .Æ cflzif uDeL/ lyof] .
æs;sf] t <Æ d}n] p;sf] cfFvflt/ cfk\mgf] cfFvf 8f]¥ofPF, p;sf cfFvfx¿ ;'Vvf lyP, efjxLg .

æ;dfhsf] x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fsf], pm t Tot} 8f]l/PsL dfq xf] .Æ

æt]/f] k"/} syf k9]/ clnslt b'Mv nfUof] t/ of] ;Dem]/ v'zL nfUof] ls o;sf] kl/0ffd ;'vb /x\of] .Æ
æk|yd s'/f, of] syf cw'/f] 5 . bf];|f] kl/0ffd d]/f nflu st} ;'vb 5}g .Æ
æxf]nf t/ ljb]zsf] af/]df t]/f] wf/0ff <Æ
æd ljb]z hfg'sf] ;Dk"0f{ lj/f]wL lyOg, t/ tF nufot d]/f em'08sf ukmdf d kmls{g] ukm slxNo} kfpFlbgy]F . /
Tof] clNemg] larf/sf] rflxF d lj/f]wL x'F . d kmls{G5', lsg ls ;ª\3if{do hLtx¿ g} ;'vb x'G5g\ .Æ
æolt ;a} x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ÛÆ
æxf] Û olt ;a} x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ÛÆ
æca tFnfO{ b'Mv g} ug{ dg 5 eg] t d s] eg"F .Æ
æ;'v t oxfF klg 5 h:tf] nfu]g dnfO{ .Æ
ælsg < sfd w]/} eP/ < olb sfddf g} d /dfpF5' eg] .Æ
æd klg sfd b]vL efUg] dfG5] t kSs} xf]Og .Æ
æxfdL w]/} uDeL/ eof}F, 6lkS; r]Gh u/f}F n .Æ d}n] of] o'4nfO{ cNklj/fd lbg] larf/ u/]F .
æs]sf] af/]df s'/f u/f}F t < :6Ln Unf; lyo/L, rSn]6\; <Æ
p;nfO{ ;fFRr} d]/f] :6Ln Unf; lyo/L ;fFrf] ePsf] lyof], To;}n] t p;n] d]/f] of] lyo/L la;]{sf] lyPg . t/ cr]n
dnfO{ /Iffsf] cufl8 ;a em'7f] nfUby] .
æef], Tof] klg s'/f gu/f}F .Æ d}n] xfF:b} eg]F .
ælsg < /Iff ;lDem;\ / <Æ
æTo:t} To:t} .Æ
æt}Fn] 3/df s'/f ul/;ls;\ <Æ
æs] <Æ
æ/Iffsf] af/]df .Æ
æd'n's ldN5, larf/ ldN5, oxfF;Dd ls hfteft klg ldN5 . x'G5 elgxfNg'x'G5 lg .Æ
æxf]Og v'zL x'g'x'GYof] lg . 5f]/fsf] a'l4 lkm/]5 eg]/ .Æ
æxf] x'g t . t/ Tof] v'zLsf] s] s'/f h'g d b]Vg kfpFlbg, d}n] v'zL x'g] afpcfdfsf] cg'xf/ b]Vg kfP eGy]F–
lkmS; x'g] lalQs} .Æ
ætF d]/} efiff af]Nb}5;\, v'zL b]Vg] gx'~h]n ePsf] PSnf] v'zLsf] klg cy{ x'Fb}g .Æ
æd s;/L PSn} ePF / <Æ
æxfdL cl3s} 6lkS;df kmls{;Sof}F .Æ pm dGb d':sfof] .
æcf]s], n]6\; slG6lgp– d s;/L PSn} ePF t <Æ o;kfln d}n] klg bafj lbPF .
ætF a'jfcfdfnfO{ lnP/ cfpnf;\ t/ k"/} ;dfh t kSs} klg cfpF+b}g .Æ
æ;dfhn] ;Ldf klg tf]S5, t/ dnfO{ :jtGqtf Kof/f] 5 .Æ
æ:jtGqtf ;xf/f u'dfPkl5 dfq kfOG5 / dfG5]n] :jtGqtf eGbf ;xf/f vf]H5 .Æ
ædnfO{ To:tf] nfUb}g .Æ d}n] hfgLhfgL o;kfln a'em krfPF .
æ;w}F gofF lzsf/ vf]Hg] t]/f] dgn] cGTodf /Iff g} lsg /f]Hof] <Æ
o;kfln p;n] d]/f] d'vdf a'hf] nufP/} 5f]8\of] . / /Iff w]/} afR5] xf]nf zfob, 7\ofSs p;sf] kmf]g klg cfof] /
xfdL Tof] c3f]lift o'4d}bfgaf6 aflx/ lgl:sof}F .

56
@

cfh w]/}kl5 d}n] cg'knfO{ e]6]F . k'/fgf] ;fyL;Fusf] of] ;+;u{ dnfO{ /dfOnf] nflu/fv]sf] 5 .
æw]/} kl5 tFnfO{ oxfF b]Vbf v'zL nfUof] of/ .Æ cg'kn] eGof] .
ædnfO{ w]/} ld; ul/;\ h:tf] 5 lg .Æ
æ;fFRr} eGg'kbf{ xf], k|df]bsf] ;d"x;Fu clxn] d cNkdtdf kl//x]sf] 5' . To;}n] xf]nf zfob .Æ
æxf] / <Æ d}n] xfF:b} eg]F .
xf] of/, km]l/ d}n] sfd ul//x]sf] sDklgn] klg lgsflnlbof], w]/}h;f] ;do km';{bd} laT5 . oxfF t sfd lagfsf]
;do ;hfo h:t} x'Fbf]/x]5 .Æ
æP, lsg lgsfn]sf] <Æ
æxNsf la/fdL k/]sf] lyPF, b'O{ lbgkl5 hfFbf t csf]{ dfG5] /flv;s]sf] . ca t]/f] nflu 7fpF vfnL 5}g eGof] .
s:tf] g/dfOnf] nfUof] .Æ
æs]xL dfg]df 7Ls eP klg dnfO{ klg of] xfo/ P08 kmfo/ l;:6d rflxF dg kb}{g .Æ
æToxL t of/ la/fdL kg{ klg gkfpg' t . cnL–cnL hDdf u/]sf] k};f klg l;l4g nfUof] . lahf]u xf]nf h:tf] 5
.Æ
æd d]/f]df s'/f u5'{ lg t, x]/f}F s]xL x'G5 ls .Æ
æn u/\ g of/, vfnL ;dodf lbdfudf klg cg]sf}F s'/fx¿ v]ln/xFbf /x]5g\ .Æ
ætF lgSs} l;l/o; eO5;\ .Æ d}n] p;nfO{ lgofNb} eg]F .
æa]nf–a]nfdf tFnfO{ cfk\mg} st{Joaf6 8/fP/ efUb} lxF8] h:tf] nfUb}g <Æ
æs:tf] st{Jo <Æ
æcl:t 3/df alxgLsf] lax]sf] s'/f rNb}/x]5 . kl/jf/sf] oqf] 7"nf] s'/fdf d 6f9f a;]/ d"sbz{s ePsf] 5' .Æ
æslt rfF8f] < km'RrL b]v] h:tf] nfU5 t . xf], o:tf] a]nfdf eg] ;fFRr} lbSbf/ nfU5 .Æ d}n] lxhf] cflzif;Fu u/]sf
ukmx¿ emNofF:; ;Dem]F .
ætF cfp5;\ eg]/ ;f]Wb} x'g'x'GYof], s;/L hfg' / < yf]/} k};f eP klg ;xof]u ug{ x'GYof], cfk\mgf] of] cj:yf 5 .Æ
æo;/L g;f]r g . clxn] geP klg kl5 t k};f k7fpg ;lsxfN5;\ lg .Æ
æk};f k7fP/ dfq} st{Jo k"/f x'G5 t < d t oxLF g} efl;Fb}5' . /f]zg xfdL ;fFRr} st{Joaf6 efu]/ lx+F8\b}5f}F .
dnfO{ kms{g] OR5f 5 t/ 5f]/fk|ltsf] kl/jf/sf] ck]Iff k"/f gxf]nf eGg] 8/n] d]/f kfOnf ot} afFlwF+b}5g\ .Æ
æof] t]/f] unt dfgl;stf xf] . kms{g' /fd|f] s'/f xf] . olb tF kms{g rfxG5;\ eg] ;fgfltgf OR5fx¿ df/]/ klg
kms{g ;Sg'k5{ . kl/jf/sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] OR5f t 5f]/f] kmsf]{;\ eGg] g} xf] . Tof] g} k"/f ePkl5 t c? ;fgf–;fgf s'/fn]
s] c;/ kf5{ / <Æ
pm crDd dfg]/ dnfO{ x]l//x]sf] lyof] . gdfgf];\ klg s;/L dnfO{ g} d}n] o:tf s'/f u/]F eg]/ ljZjf; eO/x]sf]
lyPg .
æt}Fn] o:tf] s'/f u/]sf] ;'g]/ crDd nfUof] . lsg kmls{g' eGg] dfG5] xf]Og;\ / tF <Æ
æd}n] t]/f] s'/f u/]sf], d t lu|gsf8{ lnP/ ot} a:g] clg a'jfcfdfnfO{ af]nfpg] xf] .Æ
æcfpg'x'G5 t <Æ
ælsg cfpg' x'Gg, PSnf] 5f]/f] ot} 5 lsg gcfpg' <Æ

cg'kn] 6fpsf] xNnfof] . zfob d]/f s'/fdf ljZj:t eP/ . t/ stfstf dnfO{ g} d]/f s'/fdf zª\sf nflu/x]sf]
lyof] .
PSsfl; cl3Nnf] 6]ansL s]6Ldf d]/f] Wofg uof] .
æcf]O{ Tof] h]gL xf]Og <Æ
æxf] t of/, cfO=P;=;L= ;Fu} k9]sf] lal;{;\ < t/ df]6fO5] . hf}F ukm u/f}F /dfOnf] x'G5 .Æ d}n] lsg kf] gdfGg'
lyof] / .
æxfO{, lrGof} xfdLnfO{ <Æ
æc/] /f]zg, cg'k ltdLx¿ oxfF, s;/L <Æ Ps} rf]l6df lrgL p;n] . cflv/ xfdL klg t Snf;sf kk'n/x¿dWo]
lyof}F .Æ

57
 æof] t xfdLn] ;f]Wg'kg]{ ltdLnfO{, slt eof] cfPsf] <Æ
æo'=P;= cfPsf] t eof] @ jif{ hlt, Soflnkmf]lg{ofdf lyPF sn]h Pkmf]8{ g} ug{ ;lsg . To;}n] otf l;km\6 u/]sf] .
eof] Ps dlxgf hlt .Æ
æxfd|f] klg eof] !% dlxgf hlt .Æ
æz'?b]lv g} ot} <Æ
æxf] . b]Vof} t xfd|f] b"/blz{tf .Æ
æTo;df t s'g} zª\sf 5}g . cg'k rflxF lsg r'k nfu]/ a;]sf] lg < ;Fu} cfPsf] xf] <Æ
æxf], ;Fu} xf] . clg s'g sn]h <Æ cg'kn] aNn d'v vf]Nof] .
æO8fxfcf] :6]6 o'lgel;{6L .Æ
æP, n ;Fu} k/]5 . s'g l;km\6 <Æ
æOlelgË Û lbpF;f] t sfd ug{' k/]g <Æ
æxf] xf], sxfF u5f}{ <Æ
ærZdf k;ndf, xA;Lx¿n] lbSs nfpF5g\, rZdf nfpF5g\ clg s:tf] b]lvof] eg]/ ;f]W5g\ . /fd|f] eGg} k¥of] .
eGof] ls t hfpF g 3'Dg eG5g\ .Æ
æclg hfg' lg t . d}n] xfF:b} eg]F .Æ
æxA;L;Fu t ;lsFb}g af .Æ
cg'k / d}n] d'vfd'v u¥of}F . To;sf] cy{ xfdLn] a'em]h:t} t xf]nf .
æclg sxfF a:5f} <Æ
æclxn] w]/} 5f}F, sf]xL ;fyL kfP ;Fu} a:y]F .Æ
æxfdL t oxfFsf /}yfg] eO;Sof}F, ltdLnfO{ ;fyL vf]lhlbOxfN5f}F lg, s]6f;Fu a:5f} ls s]6L;Fu <Æ d}n] lh:sFb} eg]F
.
æs]6f;Fu eP /]G6 ltg{ kb}{gYof] .Æ pm xfF;L . s:tL af]N8 s]6L Û d cg'klt/ kmls{PF . d]/f]] dg a'em]/ g} xf]nf,
p;n] h'?Ss p7]/ eGof] .
æhf}F of/ sfdsf] nflu l9nf] eO;Sof] .Æ
h]gLaf6 5'l§P/ / cln j/ cfPkl5 d}n] cg'knfO{ eg]F .
æclg s] eof] t, a:g' lg t ;Fu} .Æ
ædfG5]nfO{ s]sf] lrGtf 5 . s]6L;Fu a;]/ csf]{ yKg' <Æ
d]/f] xF;fOn] p;nfO{ lh:SofO/x]sf] lyof] . t/ pm eg] uDeL/ b]lvGYof] . zfob cfk\mgf ;d:ofsf] af/]df ;f]Rb}5
jf h]gLn] afFRgsf nflu u/]sf ;Demf}tfsf] af/]df .

#
æk9fO ;s]kl5 ltdL s] ug]{ <Æ Ps lbg /Iffn] PSsfl; o:tf] k|Zg /fvL . d cSdsfPF . d}n] clxn];Dd o;sf]
af/]df ;f]r]s} /x]g5' .
æk9fO ;lsg t b]pm sfd t kfOxflnG5 lg .Æ of] /Iffn] vf]h]sf] pQ/ kSs} klg xf]Og .
æToxL klg s]xL of]hgfx¿ t x'G5g\ lg . d]/f] sfd oxfF 5 ltd|f] cGt st} eof] eg] . km]l/ of] 7fpF ;fgf] 5, slt
g} sfd x'G5 xf]nf . clxn]sf] h:t} sfd u/]/ a:g] t kSs} klg xf]Og xf]nf .Æ
æ;FfRr} eGg'kbf{ d}n] o; af/]df s]xL ;f]r]s} 5}g . d}n] /fd|f] sfd kfPF eg] t hfg] xf] . ltdLn] klg /fd|f] sfd
kfOxfN5f} lg .Æ
/Iffn] klg ;dy{gdf 6fpsf] xNnfO{ . p;sf] sfvdf d]/f] 6fpsf] lyof] / pm d]/f] skfn d';fl//x]sL lyO{ .
æca t ;d/df xfd|f] lax] klg x'Fb}5 . ltd|f] 3/af6 s]xL /f]stf]s t x'Fb}g lg <Æ

58
 æ5}g, lsg x'g' / <Æ dnfO{ yfxf lyof] d em'6 af]Nb}5' eGg] . 3/af6 l/h]S6 x'g] rfG; ldlgdd x'Fbf klg d}n]
3/df s'/f n'sfPF . lsg Tof] dnfO{ g} yfxf 5}g .
æca t dnfO{ ltdL a]u/ afFRg ;S5' h:tf] klg nfUb}g .Æ /Iff cfk\mg} w'gdf af]ln/x]sL lyO{ .
æltdLn] sd b'Mv lbof} / dnfO{ z'?df .Æ
æklxnf t dnfO{ hf]s/ h:t} nfUYof} ltdL .Æ
æclxn] lg t <Æ
æclxn] klg To:t} g} nfU5 .Æ p;n] xfF:b} egL .
æclg lax]kl5 a'xf/L x'g t ;S5f} lg < ;f8L nufP/ a:g'k5{ . ;S5f} <Æ /Iffsf] lhl:sg] d'8 b]v]/ d}n] klg
p;nfO{ lh:Sofpg] g} larf/ u/]F .
æs]xL lbg t xf] lg u/f}Fnf g .Æ
æs:tf] s]xL lbg < a'jfcfdf;Fu t ;w}+ a:g'k5{ lg .Æ
æ;Fu} a:g] eg]sf] t a'afcfdf oxLF cfpg'eof] eg] xf] . To;f] eof] eg] t P8\h:6 eOxfNg'x'G5 lg .Æ
ælsg, xfdL g]kfn hfg] xf]Og / <Æ
æclxn] dflb{G5' clg, slt lhl:sg ;s]sf] <Æ
xfd|f] of]hgf klxNo} ag]sfn] /Iffn] o:tf] eGg' :jefljs lyof] t/ dnfO{ o:tf] cg'ej lsg eof] < cfk\mg} of]hgf
;kgfx¿df d lsg em:sG5' < /Iffsf] sfvdf ;':tfpFb} d}n] ;lDemPF– cflzifsf 8fo/Lsf kfgfx¿, pm;Fusf ljjfbx¿ .
s] d st{Joaf6 efu]s} xf] t < lsg 8/ 5 cg'ksf] dgdf < cg'k alxgLsf] laxfdf k'Ug g;Sg' st{Joaf6} klG5g' xf] t
< s] h]gL To:tf] :jtGqtfdf v'zL 5], jf Tof] kmut ;Demf}tf xf] < cg]sf}F kfqsf ef]ufOn] cflzifnfO{ ;dy{g ub}{5g\ t
< Psflt/ cflzif 5 csf]{lt/ d . cg]sf}F ef]ufOsf afjh'b cflzif kms{g rfxG5 . lsg < s] of] p;sf] Ouf] xf] < s]
cfs[tL;Fu ;DaGw 6'6]sf] cfj]zdf dfq cflzif cfPsf] xf] <
d lg;fl:;P/ h'?Ss p7]F .

Tolt g} a]/ 8f]/a]n aHof] . cflzif g} cfPsf] /x]5 .

æl8:6{a eof] ls Sof xf] hf]8LnfO{ <Æ pm xfF:b} leq k:of] .
æ5\of s] sf] l8:6a{ lg <Æ /Iff ;sksfpFb} p7L .
æclg s]5 t clxn], Gof;|f] d]l6Fb}5 <Æ
æsn]h hfg yfn]kl5 cnL l/NofS; lkmn x'g yfNof] .Æ
æo:t} xf] la:tf/} afgL kl/G5 . clg /dfOnf] x'G5 .Æ d}n] cg'ejLsf] gftfn] hjfkm lbPF . p;n] ;dy{gdf 6fpsf]
xNnfof] . /Iff eg] lsrglt/ nfuL .
æt/ olt klg /dfOnf] gu/ ls t]/f] syf ck"0f{ xf];\ .Æ
p;n] dlt/ k'n'Ss x]/]/ xfF:of]+ .
ætF t d]/f] syfsf] z'elrGts eP/ lgl:s;\ of/ .Æ p;n] xfF:b} eGof] .
æd rfxG5' t]/f] syf k"0f{ xf];\ . t}Fn] vf]h]s} lx;fadf k"0f{ xf];\ .Æ
æwGojfb, t/ d Toltv]/ w]/} v'zL x'g]5' ha d]/f] syfn] c? s;}nfO{ kl/jt{g u/f];\ .Æ
æo;sf] nflu t syf k"0f{ x'g'k5{ klxnf .Æ
æn lrof cfof] x} .Æ /Iff lsrg aflx/ lg:sL .
æclg laxfsf] tof/L s:tf] 5 t <Æ cflzifn] lrof l6Kb} s'/f df]8\of] .
æs] sf] tof/L < ;fIfL vf]Hg] t xf] lg tLghgf, tF eOxfln;\ . c? b'O{hgf vf]Hg' 5 .Æ
ænf} nf}, h] u/] klg dfGg] d 5Fb}5' .Æ /Iffn] r]kf/f] 3:b} egL .
ædnfO{ oxL crDd nfU5 . s] b]Vg'eof] of] NjfF7df <Æ
æs] b]Vg', km;fPsf] lg df]xgL nufP/ .Æ /Iff lhl:sg] d'8d}+ lyO{ .
æxf]Og, oxfF klg df]xgL nfUbf] /x]5 <Æ cflzifn] km]l/ yKof] .
æxf] xf], pm ToxLF k/ Pp6f afaf a:5 . hfg] xf] < tFnfOF klg kl5 sfd nfUnf lg t .Æ dnfO{ klg Tof] ukmdf
;l/s x'g dg nfUof] .
æxf] / < n hf}F g t .Æ cflzif h'?Ss} p7\of] .
ælsg / olt rfF8} .Æ /Iffn] egL .

59
 æo'un hf]8LnfO{ slt l8:6a{ ug]{ < P /f]zg, d]/f] 8fo/L n] t .Æ

d}n] cflzifnfO{ af6f];Dd 8f]¥ofPF .

æd /IffnfO{ Psbd dfof u5'{ of/ .Æ dnfO{ cflzifnfO{ lsg–lsg of] eGg dg nfUof] .
æb]lv;s]F .Æ
ætFnfO{ s] nfU5 d}n] oxFf laxf ug'{ 7Ls xf] <Æ
ædnfO{ t /fd|f] nfU5 lg . Ps lbg eP klg vfgf ksfpg' kb}{g .Æ
æglh:sL g, d l;l/o; 5' .Æ
æd klg, of] s'/f t t}Fn] cfkm}F larf/ ug]{ s'/f xf] . dnfO{ eGbf a9L o;af/]df tFnfO{ yfxf 5 / t}Fn] g} /fd|f] lg0f{o
lng ;S5;\ .Æ
æd}n] tFaf6 lg0f{o lng xf]Og, dfq larf/ hfGg vf]h]sf] .Æ
æd]/f] lar./ t ToxL xf] . dfof ug]{ dfG5]x¿ 3/L–3/L kfO{ /flvFb}g ;fyL, k|]ldsf, a'jfcfdf jf c? s'g} ;fyL xf];\
.Æ
cflzif 8fo/L;Fu} d]/f of]hgf ;f/]/ uof] . ;kgfaf6 So'FemfP/ uof] . dnfO{ nfU5 d aNn cflzifsf s'/fx¿sf]
cy{ a'em\ g yfn]sf] 5' .

sf]7f kmls++{bf /Iff P]gf x]b}{ skfn afFlw/x]sL /lx5 . dnfO{ pmk|lt ckf/ dfof pn{]/ cfof] . d}n] cFufnf]df a]b}{
p;nfO{ eg]F—
æPsfb]zdf Pp6f ;fgf] ufpF lyof], To; ufpFdf Pp6f ;fgf] ;'vL kl/jf/ . afa', cfdf / b'O{j6f 5f]/f . pgLx¿
cfkm\gf] ;fgf] ;+;f/df /dfOnf] hLjg latfO/x]sf lyP . Ps lbg kNnf] ufpFdf Pp6f dxfhg a;fOF ;/]/ cfof] . To;n]
k"/} ufpF+ 9fSg] u/L 7"nf] dxn agfof] . ;+ud{d/ nufPsf], lrNnf], rlDsnf], /ª\uLg dxn . ;a}nfO{ l5/f}F–l5/f}F nfUg],
a;f}F–a;f}F nfUg] . dxn 7"nf] ePsfn] dxfhgnfO{ sfdbf/sf] vfF+rf] eof], To;}n] p;n] cfkm\gf]df sfd ug]{nfO{ dxnleq}
a:g lbg] 3f]if0ff u¥of] . o:tf]df Tof] ;fgf] kl/jf/ dxfhgsf] sfd ub}{ 7"nf] dxndf a:bf v'zL xf]nfg\ ls cfkm\g} ;fgf]
3/df a:bf <Æ

o;k6s eg] /Iff r"k lyO{ . crfgs d]/f] o; k|Zgn] pm cjfs ePsf] x'g ;S5, jf of] klg x'g ;S5 ls pm, d
h:t}, pQ/ yfx eP klg To;nfO{ eGg] ;fx; ug{ ;lQmg .

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60
kfq–k|ltlqmof
h]gL
dnfO{{ d]/f] k'/fgf] ;fyLn] n]v]sf] pkGof; k9\g hlt pT;fx lyof], k9]kl5 Tolt g} lg/fz ePF . k|ltlqmof
n]Vg klg dg lyPg t/ kl5 nfUof] d}n] n]Vg}k5{, jf:tljstf vf]Ng}k5{ .
;+;f/df leGg dflg;x¿ x'G5g\ / leGg ;f]rfO / c?sf] ;f]rfOdf x:tIf]k gul/sg afFRg kfpg] u/L
:jtGqtf x'g'k5{ . /f]zgn] s'g dfg]df d]/f] hLjgnfO{ afFRgsf nflu u/]sf] ;D´f}tf eGof] d cfkm}F 5Ss k/]sL
5' . pm t oxfFsf] /xg;xg a'em]sf] dfG5] Û p;n] klg t o:t} u/]sf] lyof] . s] ;Fu} a:g' cufl8 g} p;n]
/Iff;Fu lax] u/]sf] lyof] / < of] t pkGof;df g} k9\g ;lsG5 . ToxL klg p;n] cfkm"nfO{ kfgLdflysf] cf]efgf]
agfof] . ddfly dfq} nfG5gf nufof] . ;a}eGbf ljsl;t b]zdf a;]/ klg p;nfO{ s';+:sf/sf] e"tn] 5f]8]sf]
/x]g5 .
dnfO{ :jtGqtf rflxG5 . g]kfndf latfPsf ;dox¿ d}n] lg:;fl;P/ latfPF . Tof] dnfO{ yfxf 5 . zfob
ToxfFsf c? s]6Lx¿nfO{ klg . d Pp6f o:tf] ;+;f/ rfxG5', hxfF s'g} s]6f dg k/] lgw{Sssf ;fy eGg kfpF .
sf]xL s]6f d]/f] sf]7faf6 lgl:sFbf l5d]sLnfO{ s'/f sf6\g] d;nf gagf];\ . 5f]/Lsf] lrGtfdf afpcfdf HjfOF
vf]Hb} lxF8\g' gk/f];\ . c?nfO{ x:tIf]k gu/L d cfk\mgf] hLjg cfk\mg} lsl;dn] latfpg kfpFm . ;f]rfOdflysf]
:jtGqtf ;a}df x'G5 . pgLx¿nfO{ Tof] 7Ls nfU5 eg] u¿g\ t/ d kms{g] 5}g . d oxLF v'zL 5' .
h]gL zfSo
xfn Idaho, USA

cfs[tL
;don] kv]6f lkFmhfP/ Psrf]6L km]l/ dnfO{ ctLtdf kmsf{of] . Pp6f pkGof; h;n] ;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf d]/f]
unt JofVof u/]/ uof] . c;kmntfaf6 lrl9P/ cfPsf] cflzifnfO{ d}n] ;Totf a'emfpg vf]Hbf klg pm cfk\mgf]
sNkgfaf6 aflx/ lgSng dfg]g / pm;Fu ;tL hfg gdfGbf d}n] 3ft u/]sf] eof] Û Tof] lsg d}n] 5'6\ofpg
;lsg . t/ Tof] p;sf] lstfa xf] p;n] h'g;'s} 9ª\un] JofVof u/f];\ . s'g} lbg p;sf / d]/f af6f h'w] eg]
p;nfO{ cjZo ;f]Wg]5'– s] Tof] ;DaGwsf] cGTodf d]/f] dfq} xft lyof] < cyjf p;n] cfk\mgf cfbz{sf nflu
d]/f] dfof aGbsL /fv]sf] lyof] . jf d]/f] /k\mtf/df cfkm" bf}8g g;s]/ dnfO{ klg k|lt:kwL{ b]v]sf] lyof] . 7Ls}
5 ca xfd|f af6f cnu 5g\, g xfdL aLr bf}8 x'g]5, g hLt xf/sf] 8/ g} .
cfs[tL
xfn Melbourne, Australia

cg'k
/f]zg, cflzif, u|]6 ha Û
pkGof; /dfOnf] 5 . hxfF;Dd d]/f] s'/f 5 . d ;Gt'i6 5' t/ d]/f] syf ck"0f{ 5 . klxnf] efudf Pp6f
s'/f v'nfOlbpmF, kl5 h'nL / d]/f] aLrdf ;DaGw klg eof] . l; las]d dfO{ un{k|m]G8 Û cfzf 5 d]/f] cNnf/]
k|]dsxfgL ;'g]/ d]/L Kof/L >LdtL d;Fu l/;fpg] 5}g .
bf]>f] efudf klg d]/f] syfnfO{ ck"0f{ 5f]l8P5 . d oxLF k"0f{ u/f}F, To;kl5 d}n] /f]zg;Fu} :6f]/d} sfd u/]F .
To;kl5 d}n] u/]sf sfdx¿df d clxn] w]/} ;Gt'i6 x'G5', ha d x]5'{ d]/L afns 5f]/Lsf] cg'xf/ / a'jfcfdfsf]
cg'xf/df xfF;f] .
cg'k sfsL{

61
 xfn sf7df8f}F, g]kfn
k|df]b
k|]ddo pkGof;sf] Pp6f dfq vn kfq Û Û Û P ;fyL xf], s] d To:tf] 5' <
ddf o:t} efjgf cfPsf] lyof], ha d}n] of] pkGof; k9]F . Psl5g t ;fx|} lrlGtt ePF . t/ kl5 km]l/
;f]r]F of] t Ps JolQmsf] ;f]rfO xf] .
/f]zg / d slxNo} dg ldNg] ;fyL ePgf}F . ;a};Fu t s;}sf] klg dg ldNb}g . To;}n] t of] /f]zgsf]
pkGof;df d vnkfq 5' . afhL 7f]s]/ eGg ;S5', olb d}n] n]v]sf] eP /f]zg g} vnkfq x'GYof] . p;df kf] s]
sdL 5 / Tof] x'g, cf]e/:df6{ x'g vf]H5, c?nfO{ uGb}g .
/f]zg of] pkGof;df aofg u/]h:tf] dfq t kSs} klg 5}g .
k|df]b
xfn, Idaho, USA

/Iff

dnfO{ /f]zgsf] af/]df k9\bf clnslt klg b'Mv nfu]g . lsgeg] /f]zgn] klxNo} dnfO{ ;a} s'/f elg;s]sf]
lyof] . dnfO{ t uj{ 5, d}n] o:tf] dfof ug]{ hLjg;fyL kfPsf] 5' .
k9\bf ctLtsf lbgx¿ emNemNtL ofb cfP . laxf cufl8sf] dfof laxf k5fl8 emg a9\of] . clxn] t
a'jfcfdf klg ;Fu;Fu} x'g'x'G5 . hLjg /dfOnf] 5 . s]xL s'/f ykf}F– /f]zgn] eg]h:tf] a'jfcfdfsf] cufl8 d}n]
;f/L g} nfpg'kg]{ lgoddf a:g' k/]g . dnfO{ 5f]/L h:t} Jojxf/ ug'{x'G5 .
d eujfg\nfO{ nfvnfv wGojfb lbg rfxG5', d wGg O8xfcf]sf] Tof] kf6L{df gflr5' . gq t afa}
/f]zg;Fu e]6 g} gx'g] Û
/Iff
xfn sf7df8f}F, g]kfn

/f]zg
ddf csf]{ n's]sf] k|ltef /x]5, n]vgsnf . of] kQf nfPsf]df cflzifnfO{ d'/Ld'/L wGojfb . /Iffn] h;/L
d]/f] hLjgz}nL kl/jt{g u/L, cflzifn] To;/Lg} d]/f] ;f]rfO{df kl/jt{g u¥of] .
cflzifsf] 8fo/L kl9;s]kl5sf w]/} lbgx¿ d}n] tgfjdf latfPF . ;'v, v'zL / st{Josf] af/]df w]/} ;f]r]F .
dnfO{ yfxf 5, k|jf;df hLjg latfpg] ;a}n] ;f]R5g\ / lgisif{ lgsfN5g\ . t/ d}n] lgisif{ lgsfNg ;s]sf]
lyOg . d 8/fpFy] . Ps t /Iff;Fusf] ;DaGw a]Un} ;f]rsf] hudf a;]sf] lyof] . csf]{ dnfO{ eljiosf] lrGtf
lyof] . /fx'n;Fu lhTgsf nflu eg]sf s]xL zAbx¿ hlQs} ;lhnf] t kSs} lyPg dnfO{ km]l/ ;ª\3if{ z'? ug{ .
t/ km]l/ klg cflzifnfO{ wGojfb, p;n] h] ;f]Rof] Tof] u¥of] . p;sf] u/fOn] g} dnfO{ pT;fx / cfF6 lbof],
d klg ;f]rfOsf] lgisif{df k'u]F .
;f]r]eGbf ;lhn} eof] dnfO{, d]/f] lgisif{nfO{ u/fOdf abNg . cflv/ d;Fu d]/f] dg ldNg] ;fyL lyO{ /Iff
. p;nfO{ klg d'/Ld'/L wGojfb, x/ kfOnfdf d]/f] ;fy lbPsfdf . d]/f] lgisif{k|lt ;Gt'i6 5' .
/f]zg
zg
xfn sf7df8f}F, g]kfn

cflzif

62
 hLjgn] uf]n3'DtL 3'd]/} 5f8\of] . ca d z"Godf 5' km]l/ gofF z'?jftsf nflu t}of/ . o'=P;=P= k'u]/ kQf
nfUof] hLjg kL8f xf] s]jn kL8f, t/ 3fpx¿ klg d':s'/fO/x]sf xF'bf/x]5g\ ef]ln lgsf] x'g] cfzdf . zfob oxL
lzIff lyof] ToxfF kfPsf] d}n] .
d kms]{+ ToxL ;Gb]z lbg– cfkm\gf] syfdfkm{t lbg . syf ck"0f{ lyof], To;df d}n] k"0f{tf vf]h]F d
cndlnPF, lsg ls d]/f] syfdf lgisif{ x'g'kg]{ lyof] / syfdf d cfkm}F s'g} df]8 klg t hf]8\g ;lSbgy]F . lsg
ls of] oyfy{df d sNkgfsf] Ps yf]kf klg xfNg rfxGgy]F .
Ps lbg d}n] cfk\mgf] syfdf k"0f{tf vf]h]/} 5f8]F . Tof] /f]zg kmls{Psf] lbg lyof] . /f]zgdf d]/f] syfn]
olQ c;/ unf{ eg]/ d}n] ;f]r]sf];Dd lyOg . cflv/ d]/} syfn] kl/j{tg u/]sf] dfG5]nfO{ g} d}n] syf lhDdf
nufPF k"0f{tfsf] nflu .
/f]zg klg /fhL eof] d]/f] syfnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg / of] k|of;n] k"0f{tf kfof] . /f]zgnfO{ w]/}w]/} wGojfb .
clxn] d km]l/ lh=lj=;= d} 5' kxf8L lhNnfs} Û dfq hfFrsf] tl/sf / lhNnf km/s k/]sf] 5 . d of] pkGof;k|lt
;Gt'i6 5' .
cflzif
xfn, afh'/f, g]kfn

snd n]vsåosf rn]sf 5g\ syfx¿ xfd|f au]sf 5g\ .

/f]zg k|;fO{+, -)%*÷la=;L=O{=÷!!@_
xfn 6]S;f;,o'=P;=P=

s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf s'g} g s'g} OlGhlgo/nfO{ 5f]Psf] 5 syfn] .

;'\/]z kf}8]n -)%*÷la=;L=O{=÷!#%_
xfn ;8s ljefu, sf7df8f}F

k9]/ r;Ss laem\of], ;fxl;s 9ª\uaf6 k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 oyfy{nfO{ .

dlGbk cof{n -)%*÷a]S;÷$@!_
xfn cf]Snfxfdf, o'=P;=P=

;/n, ;xh clg k|efjsf/L, l/ofln6L ;f] k9]h:tf] .

/Iff >]i7 -)%*÷la=;L=O{=÷)((_
xfn a]NhLod

63