Mut`r gf  Jm fnsfýmnzm gfj y`bm y [fkufnkhms gf X`bm

Urûj`b` gf [ahvm _fm

 [h fstf jhor` jf am hntfrfsmg` y gfsfm quf j` imntfnbmi`s
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www.fght`rhmjshrh`.k`i

Wétuj` `rhbhnmjy< @BM MGLV[WIFNW[

Wrmgukhg` gfj hnbjès p`r Mnt`nh` Juhs Bûifz I`jfr`
Ghsfý` gf p`rtmgm< [uzmnnf Mjofrts`n
Hjustrmkhûn gf p`rtmgm< Ofmu
Ofmu _`ujfttf

© gf jm fghkhûn `rhbhnmj
?5=7, Imrc [tfpafn

© gf jm prfsfntf fghkhûn
FGHW@_HMJ [H_H@, [.M.

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Fspmým
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K`j. J`ims gf Ofkfrrm Oufn`s Mhrfs
Gfj.< Mjvmr` @orfbûn (Mrbfnthnm)
Ièxhk` G.D., 5=?15

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Hiprfs` fn Himbrmdjiprfs`rfs, [. M.
k/ Nmoukk`, =7 G - U`j. Mjmifgm
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Hiprfs` fn Fspmým

Uufgfs sfbuhrn`s fn Dmkfo``c, Wwhttfr, X`uWuof f Hnstmbrmi.

Kumjquhfr d`rim gf rfpr`gukkhûn, ghstrhoukhûn, k`iunhkmkhûn püojhkm ` trmnsd`rimkhûn gf fstm

`orm s`j` pufgf sfr rfmjhzmgm k`n jm mut`rhzmkhûn gf sus thtujmrfs, smjv` fxkfpkhûn prfvhstm p`r jm
jfy. Ghrélmsf m KFG_@ (Kfntr` Fspmý`j gf Gfrfka`s _fpr`brídhk`s, www.kfgr`.`rb) sh nfkfshtm
 d`t`k`phmr ` fskmnfmr mjbün drmbifnt` gf fstm `orm.
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 fstín fn fj sfngfr`
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gfjy`bm s`stfnhojf y trmnhd`rimkh`nmj
trmnhd`rimkh`nmj
 Urûj
gf [ahvm _fm

ý` =887, n`s fnk`ntrmi`s fn X`bm R`r.cs, fn jm üjthim kjmsf n`kturnm gf ¹nymsm. Fs
tughmntfs pr`kfgfntfs gf t`g`s j`s íioht`s s`khmjfs, k`n ghdfrfntfs nhvfjfs gf fxpfrhfnkhm y
kufrp`s gf ghvfrs`s tmimý`sy d`rims sf iufvfn mj unés`n` krfmng` un imr gfdjul` rétih
k` y ifghtmkhûn pnlhigm. Fn ifgh` gf fst`s iugrms gf kufrp` fntfr` (p`sturms gf phf quf sf vmn
trmnfd`rimng` fn t`rsh`nfsy fndjfxh`nfs p`stfrh`rfsy mntfrh`rfs) fstíjm hntfjhbfnkhm gfjm mshstfnkhm
 príkthkm quf, mk`ipmsmgm mjdjul` gf jm rfsphrmkhûn, `rhfntm m j`s mjuin`s. Fj jfnbumlf gfj tmkt` (fj
k`n`khihfnt` s`iíthk` qufdmf nufstrm prhifrm imnfrm gf pfrkhohr fj iung`) jfs gm m ihs hnstruk
kh`nfs unm k`nn`tmkhûn vhskfrmj< «Fnrmhzmg j`s iusj`s fn jm thfrrm³, «Fsthrmg jm k`juinm gfsgf jm
omsf³, «Aunghg j`s `iûpjmt`s fn fj kufrp`³, «Jjfbmg amstm jm k`r`nhjjm³, «[fnthg k`i` fj k`rmzûn
sf fxpmngf p`r fj fspmkh`³.
 Nufstrms imn`s, quf fnsfýmn j`s dungmifnt`s gf jm msmnm y myugmn mj djul` gfj
y`bm, rfdjflmn un k`n`khihfnt` y unm smohgurém mpjhkmojfs m jm vhgm. °Gf gûngf vhfnfs0
°Amkhm gûngf vms0 °Kûi` i`vfrtf gf unm imnfrm quf fstè k`nfktmgm m tu kfntr`0 Jm
mshstfnkhm príkthkm gfj pr`dfs`r rfvfjm fj p`tfnkhmj gfj mjuin` fn fspfrm gf imnhdfstmr
sf. X, k`i` fn jm vhgm, unms vfkfs fsm mshstfnkhm príkthkm fs dhrif y `trms jhbfrm y suthj3
n`s myugm m mtrmvfsmr j`s jubmrfs quf tfifi`s y n`s buém amstm mqufjj`s fn g`ngf n`s
sfnthi`s k`i` fn kmsm.
Fn mqufjj`s géms, Imrc [tfpafns rfmjhzmom unm jmo`r fxtrm`rghnmrhm k`i` myugmntf
fn ihs kjmsfs n`kturnms. Jm imbhm frm pmjpmojf
pmjpmo jf fn fsms sfsh`nfs gf jms quf duf surbhfng`
surbhfng `
jm séntfshs gfj fsthj` Thnymsm Dj`w quf ma`rm, vfhnthgûs
vfhnthgû s mý`s iís tmrgf, pufg` gfkhr k`n
8
 Mlustfs gf X`bm

`rbujj` quf myugè m hntr`gukhr y gfsmrr`jjmr. _fkufrg` jm fnfrbém gf jm smjm fn mqufjjms

kjmsfs n`kturnms fn
fn g`ngf fj mlftrf`
mlftrf` ifntmj gf jm vhgm
vhgm uromnm kfgém k`n imy`r dmkhjh
gmg mj fstmg` n` vfromj gf djul`. X` if shtumom fn un fxtrfi` y Imrc fn fj `pufst` y
mjzíomi`s jm vhstm pmrm k`ntfipjmr jm smthsdmkkhûn k`n jm quf j`s mjuin`s pr`dunghzmomn
fn jm imnhdfstmkhûn gf su p`tfnkhmj y jm dufrzm sfrfnm quf `drfkém jm mshstfnkhm príkthkm
m fsf pr`kfs`. .
Fstmom mbrmgfkhgm gf p`gfr k`ipmrthr k`n Imrc y j`s fstughmntfs j` quf if am
 oémn trmnsihthg` ihs pr`dfs`rfs, [rh Umttmoah L`hs, Kaukc Ihjjfr y Frhka [kahddimnn,
[k ahddimnn,
fxtrm`rghnmrh`s imfstr`s gfj mrtf gf jm mshstfnkhm trmnsd`rimthvm. Fj pr`kfs` gf prfstmr 
«mshstfnkhm³ kuorf un fspfktr` quf vm gfsgf hipmrthr unm omsf fgukmthvm y prfstmr
prfstmr mp`y`
ghmrhmifntf amstm rfmjhzmr hntfrvfnkh`nfs tmn pr`dungms quf pufgfn trmnsd`rimr unm
vhgm. Xm fn mqufjj`s géms p`gém vfr kûi` Imrc mos`roém t`g` fstf k`n`khihfnt` fn ihs
kjmsfs, y fs p`r fs` p`r j` quf if mjfbrm fn`rififntf p`gfr `drfkfr a`y fj prûj`b` m
fstf k`ipfngh`, drut` gf su fv`jukhûn, pmrm t`g`s j`s imfstr`s gfj mrtf gf jm mshstfn
khm príkthkm.
Jm fxpfrhfnkhm prfvhm gf Imrc fn fj iung` mkmgèihk`, k`i` ghrfkt`r gf fgukm
khûn mjtfrnmthvm y pr`phftmrh` gf un kfntr` gf y`bm, jf am pr`p`rkh`nmg` jm d`rtmjfzm y
fj mjkmnkf nfkfsmrh`s pmrm gfsmrr`jjmr un pjmntfmihfnt` a`nfst` gf fstf k`n`khihfnt`
quf rfsujtm ghbn` gf fnk`ih` p`r su k`ipjflhgmg y jukhgfz. Kfjfor` quf n` sf amym
jhihtmg` m kuorhr ünhkmifntf jm oh`ifkínhkm gf jm mshstfnkhm príkthkm y jm fskmjm quf vm
gfsgf fj sfnkhjj` mp`y` tèknhk` amstm jm ghrfkkhûn fnfrbèthkm suthj, y quf amym mo`rgmg`
mgfiís jm ghníihkm hntfrnm y jm èthkm quf fj p`gfr gfj tmkt` smkm m rfjukhr fn t`gm kjmsf
gf pfrs`nms. Imrc `drfkf ghníihkms príkthkms quf k`iprfngfn j`s ghdfrfntfs mspfkt`s
gfj rfspft` mj pr`kfs` pfrs`nmj, fj trmtmihfnt` gf jms jfsh`nfs y jm rfmjhzmkhûn gf mlustfs,
msé k`i` jm hip`rtmnkhm gf rfspftmr j`s jéihtfs mj mgfntrmrn`s fn fstm jmo`r, m ifnug`
k`ipmrmojf m jm gf unm «pmrtfrm gf jm fxpfrhfnkhm k`rp`rmj³. Èj n`s amkf fntfngfr fj
 p`gfr s`iíthk` gfj tmkt` y fj pmpfj gf jm mshstfnkhm príkthkm fnf n fj gfsmrr`jj` gfj y`bm.
Imrc k`nthnüm k`n fstf jhor`, mj hbumj quf k`n fjmntfrh`r
mntf rh`r s`orf jm sfkufnkhmkhûn, su
jmo`r gf ghvujbmkhûn gf jms iüjthpjfs kmpms
k mpms gf fstf k`n`khihfnt` fn ghvfrs`s fsthj`s gf
y`bm, j` kumj k`nsthtuyf un vfrgmgfr` j`br`. Tmj`r` fspfkhmjifntf quf shbm rfsmjtmng` jm
hip`rtmnkhm gf k`n`kfr prhifr` fn nufstr` pr`ph` kufrp` jms ghníihkms gf unm msmnm
(fs gfkhr, sus fdfkt`s prhnkhpmjfs, su vhnymsm crmim ` dmsfs gf jm príkthkm y sus k`ntrmhn
ghkmkh`nfs) k`n `olft` gf p`gfr prfstmr unm mshstfnkhm fdhkmz mj mjuin`.
Brmkhms, Imrc, p`r fj thfip` y fj fsdufrz` k`nsmbrmg`s m pr`p`rkh`nmr fstf sfr
vhkh` m j`s pr`dfs`rfs gf y`bm gf t`g` fj iung`. Fskrho` fstms jénfms kumng` fst`y m
m prfkhmr jm fxtrm`rgh
 punt` gf dhnmjhzmr ih prhifr jhor`, khrkunstmnkhm quf if pfrihtf mprfkhmr
nmrhm gfghkmkhûn quf sf prfkhsm pmrm trmnsdfrhr fj k`n`khihfnt` vhv` m jm d`rim fskrhtm.
=5
 Urûj`b`

Wu fskrhturm trmnsphrm fsms ihsims kumjhgmgfs quf gfskuoré fn th fn mqufjjms kjmsfs n`k
turnms. Thvfs k`n pjfnhtug y k`ipr`ifthg` k`n tu pr`phm fv`jukhûn, fsd`rzíng`tf y
morhèng`tf m t`g` fj pr`kfs` gfj y`bm. Fna`rmoufnm p`r fstm imrmvhjj`sm `drfngm mj
iung` gfj y`bm quf m oufn sfbur` prfstmrí gurmntf iuka` thfip` un brmn sfrvhkh` m
j`s pr`dfs`rfs.
]uf t`g`s j`s sfrfs quf fiprfngfn fstf vhmlf sf mormn m su p`tfnkhmj m trmvès gfj
y`bm y mj g`n gf nufstrms imn`s pmrm pr`i`vfr jm k`nkhfnkhm, jm smnmkhûn, fj mp`y` y
jm hntfbrmkhûn.
[mrvm Imn8mjmi. Ghkam y pr`spfrhgmg pmrm t`g`s.

[AHTM_FM,
dungmg`rm gf Urmnm Dj`w® Fnfrbfthk Thnymsm

==
 Hntr`gukkhûn

stf fs un jhor` pmrm kumjquhfrm quf sf amym k`ipr`ifthg` m gmr kjmsfs sfburms,
rmz`nmojfs y trmnsd`rimg`rms fn jm sfngm gf jm fnsfýmnzm gfj y`bm. [`j` fn  N`r
, tf mièrhkm amy iís gf khfn ihj pr`dfs`rfs gf y`bm y surbfn nufv`s pr`brmims
gf d`rimkhûn pmrm fjj`s príkthkmifntf
príkthkmifnt f m ghmrh`, k`n j` kumj jms dhjms gfj pr`dfs`rmg`
pr`dfs`rmg ` mu
ifntmn m unm vfj`khgmg pr`p`rkh`nmjifntf imy`r quf jms gfj mjuinmg`. Munquf un`
 p`grém sfnthrsf tfntmg` m vfr fn fst` unm vfntmlm pmrm fj fstughmntf m jm oüsqufgm gf
un pr`dfs`r mgfkumg` m sus nfkfshgmgfs,
nfkfshgmgfs, fn mjbun`s kms`s j`s pr`ph`s pr`dfs`rfs s`n
fstughmntfs
fstughmntfs gf y`bm ` thfnfn unm fxpfrhfnkhm ` un k`n`khihfnt` tmn jhihtmg`s gf fstm
ghskhpjhnm quf suskhtmn unm prf`kupmkhûn jfbéthim s`orf su kmpmkhgmg.
kmpmkhgmg. ]ufgmr`n mtrís
j`s thfip`s fn j`s quf jm imy`rém gf j`s pr`dfs`rfs fstughmom y mtrmvfsmom un pfrh`g`
gf mprfnghzmlf oml` jm `rhfntmkhûn gf un ifnt`r k`n brmn fxpfrhfnkhm, fn un pr`kfs`
quf gurmom mý`s ` hnkjus` gèkmgms3 y fj trmoml` gf ifnt`r pufgf amofr qufgmg` jhih
tmg` m mqufjj`s pr`dfs`rfs vftfrmn`s quf n` shbufn fj rhti` gf j`s nuifr`s`s mvmnkfs
y pfrdfkkh`nmihfnt`s gf jms tèknhkms y ièt`g`s gf jm fnsfýmnzm gfj y`bm, fspfkhmjifn
tf kumng` sf fstín munmng` fsdufrz`s pmrm fjfvmrjm m jm kmjhgmg gf unm pr`dfshûn sfrhm
y mipjhmifntf rfspftmgm, imrkmgm p`r mjt`s fstíngmrfs gf d`rimkhûn y k`ipftfnkhm.
Mj fskrhohr ih prhifr jhor` pmrm pr`dfs`rfs gf y`bm,  Jm fnsfýmnzm
fn sfýmnzm gfjy`bm<lungm
gfjy`b m<lungmifn
ifn
t`sy tèknhkms fsfnkhmjfs, if kfntrè fn `drfkfr un tfxt` mipjh` quf kuorhfsf j`s fjfifnt`s
 prhnkhpmjfs gf jm fnsfýmnzm gf fstm ghskhpjhnm, fntrf fjj`s su ahst`rhm y su dhj`s`dém, jm
fnfrbém suthj, j`s punt`s gfstmkmg`s gf jm mnmt`iém dunkh`nmj, jms tèknhkms bfnfrmjfs, j`s
=;
 ièt`g`s gf fnsfýmnzm gf jms kjmsfs gf msmnms, fj i`g` gf fnsfýmr ghvfrsms tèknhkms gf
 prmnmymim
 prmnmymim y ifghtmkhûn
ifghtmkhûn y jms omsfs
omsfs gf jm
jm sfkufnkhmkhûn
sfkufnkhmkhûn y gfj trmoml`
trmoml` k`n fstughmntfs
fstughmntfs
k`n nfkfshgmgfs fspfkhmjfs. Ihfntrms tmnt`, mj prfstmr unm unm imy`r mtfnkhûn m kûi` j`s
 pr`dfs`rfs
 pr`dfs`rfs ghsfýmomn
ghsfýmomn sus kjmsfs
kjmsfs y `érjfs
`érjfs k`ifntmr
k`ifntmr sus sus imy`rfs
imy`rfs ghdhkujt
ghdhkujtmgfs,
mgfs, if sfnté
hnsphrmg` m fskrhohr [fkufnkhms gf y`bm< kûi` krfmr imbnSdhkms kjmsfs gf y`bm. Fstf sfbung`
jhor` pmrm pr`dfs`rfs pmrtf gf unm prfbuntm sfnkhjjm pfr` fsfnkhmj pmrm gmr unm kjmsf
fquhjhormgm gf y`bm< «°U`r què fst` y gfspuès mqufjj`0³. Jm `orm fxp`nf jm dhj`s`dém,
j`s prhnkhph`s y jms tèknhkms pmrm ghsfýmr kjmsfs gf y`bm, fxpjhkm gftmjjmgmifntf kûi`
sfkufnkhmr jms pr`phms hnstrukkh`nfs y `drfkf sfsfntm y shftf i`gfj`s gf sfkufnkhms quf
kuorfn unm brmn vmrhfgmg gf nfkfshgmgfs y nhvfjfs gf hntfnshgmg gf j`s fstughmntfs, msé
k`i` rfkurs`s príkthk`s pmrm ghsfýmr gf un i`g` rmz`nmojf tus t us pr`phms kjmsfs gf y`bm.
Lust` kumng` fj sfbung` v`juifn hom m fntrmr fn hiprfntm, fstmjjû jm o`iom gfj
mrtékuj` sfnsmkh`nmjhstm quf Rhjjhmi L. Or`mg puojhkû fn fj  Nfw X`rc Whifs Whifs oml` fj tétuj`
«Kûi` pufgf fj y`bm pfrlughkmr m tu kufrp`³. Ih rfmkkhûn mntf fstms mdhrimkh`nfs, j`
ihsi` quf jms gf iuka`s `tr`s ihfior`s gf jm k`iunhgmg gfj y`bm, duf tmn ríphgm
k`i` vhskfrmj. If pmrfkhû quf Or`mg jf amoém msfstmg` un b`jpf oml` m fsm k`iunhgmg
y, k`i` tmnt`s `tr`s, jf rfsp`ngé vfafifntfifntf p`r fskrht`. Mshihsi` if pusf fn
k`ntmkt` ghrfktmifntf k`n èj pmrm trmtmr gf fntfngfr ifl`r su prf`kupmkhûn y k`n`
kfr jms dufntfs fn jms quf sf omsmom. If fnvhû unm hnifnsm omsf gf gmt`s gf jfsh`nfs
rfjmkh`nmgms k`n fj y`bm rfk`bhgms ifghmntf fj [hstfim Fjfktrûnhk` Nmkh`nmj gf Thbh
jmnkhm gf Jfsh`nfs, quf d`rim pmrtf gf jm K`ihshûn pmrm jm [fburhgmg gf j`s Ur`gukt`s
gf K`nsui`. Munquf fn fsm hnd`rimkhûn gfskuoré mjbun`s frr`rfs gfohg`s m jm imjm
hntfrprftmkhûn gf gmt`s fstmgésthk`s y `tr`s pr`ojfims rfjmthv`s m jm hntfbrhgmg gf fst`s
gmt`s, fj ifnsmlf dungmifntmj gf Or`mg, fs gfkhr, quf fj y`bm pufgf gmýmr mj kufrp`,
fstmom  pjfnmifntf  lusthdhkmg`. Wrms fxmihnmr  k`n imy`r  mtfnkhûn jm hnd`rimkhûn k`n
=

tfnhgm fn su shbuhfntf jhor`, Wof [khfnkf fdX`bm, y fn iuka`s mrtékuj`s shihjmrfs puojhkm
g`s gurmntf j`s üjthi`s vfhntf mý`s fn jm prfnsm p`pujmr, y fskukamr mgfiís m iuka`s
 pr`dfs`rfs
 pr`dfs`rfs quf sf gfsk`nkhfrtmn
gfsk`nkhfrtmn amstm p`r jms mdfkkh`nfs iís nhihms nhihms gf sus mjuin`s,
mjuin`s,
if k`nvfnké gf jm nfkfshgmg gf fskrhohr jm prfsfntf `orm. ?
Fstf jhor` trmtm gf jms suthjfzms gf jm fnsfýmnzm gf jms jm s msmnms y gf kûi` amkfrjm j`
iís mkkfshojf y jjfvmgfrm p`shojf pmrm j`s fstughmntfs gf nufstrm kjmsf. Mj fnsfýmr msm
nms uthjhzmi`s prhnkhpmjifntf trfs ifgh`s pmrm `rhfntmrj`s< jm gfi`strmkhûn
gfi`strm khûn vhsumj, jms
hnstrukkh`nfs vfromjfs y jms hnstrukkh`nfs tíkthjfs.
tíkth jfs. Fn jm ifghgm fn quf, k`i` pr`df
s`r, tfnbms kjmr` j` quf trmtms gf k`iunhkmr m tu mjuin`, kumjquhfrm gf fst`s trfs if
gh`s sfrvhrí pmrm buhmrjf m mlustmr y pfrdfkkh`nmr sus i`vhihfnt`s, k`n j` quf su prík
thkm sf v`jvfrí iís sfburm, jjfvmgfrm y trmnsd`rimg`rm. Fstf fs fj imntrm prhnkhpmj prhnkh pmj gf
fstf jhor`< sfbur`, jjfvmgfr`, trmnhd`rimg`r. M k`nthnumkhûn fxmihnmrfi`s jm uthjhzmkhûn

=7