SUGARCANE BYPRODUCTS AND THEIR USES

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By-Products of the sugarcane farm
These include
 Cane tops
 Cane trash

By -products of sugar manufacture:-

These By-Products are
 Bagasse
 Press Mud
 Molasses

By-Products of Sugarcane Farm

 The cane tops and cane trash constitute 25-35% of the harvested cane
 When the sugarcane crop is harvested, the sugarcane tops are removed and the stems are
cleaned of their leaves (trash) most of which are dry.
 The production of tops and trash is usually 25-35% of the weight of cane on the field.
 It seems that as long as the bullock cart is in use in India, the sugarcane tops will be
continued to be used as a fodder and possibility of their industrial use seems to be very
remote.

By-Products of Sugarcane Farm

Sugarcane Tops
 The sugarcane tops form a valuable fodder for the cattle.
 Suggestions have been made from time to time to utilize the green leaves of the 146 cane
tops for extracting leaf protein.
 but this idea had not been transformed into action till now as the green fodder is available
in abundance right now.
Cane Trash
 The leaves removed from the cane stalk dry up and remain on the field till the field is
required for the next crop.
 The quantity of this trash is quite considerable in volume.
  Trash is also used to cover the land between two rows of cane with a layer of trash so as
to prevent weeds from coming up.
 Trash which is still left on the field is burnt which not only kills the insects and pests but
also leaves behind an ash rich in potash.
 As trash is a cellulosic material, attempts have been made to produce biogas from it by
anaerobic digestion
 Methane gas is obtained for lighting and field purpose and the digested residue serves as
a valuable compost.
 Another use of trash was tried at Ravalgaon sugar factory Ltd.
 Where cardboard or wrapping paper was produced from trash on an experimental basis.

By-Products of Sugarcane Manufacturing

Bagasse
 Bagasse is the fibrous residue left after the juice has been extracted from the sugarcane.
 It is normally directly (normally) fed to the boilers in the sugar factories for the
generation of steam.
 The quantity of bagasse produced in any sugar factory mainly depends upon the fiber
content of the sugarcane.
 The cane in the northern India has an average fiber content of 15-17%, while in the
southern India the fiber content is usually 12-14%.

Composition
Bagasse has the following composition,
 Fiber including pith, clay, and sand 47%
 Water 50%
 Soluble matter 3%
 The insoluble portion of bagasse has following composition
 i) Cellulose 36%
 ii) Pentosans 26%
 iii) Lignine 20%
 iv) Ash 2.2%
Facts
 A sugar factory can save 3-5% of bagasse after meeting the requirement of boiler for
running the plant.
 Thus a sugar factory handling 500-600 thousands tones per annum will save 20,000-
25,000
 148 tons of wet bagasse with about 48-50% moisture and as the sugar factory runs on an
average for 5-8 months in a year, it has to store the same properly.
 Special care is to be taken while storing as the bagasse is highly inflammable and has a
very low density.

Uses of Bagasse
Bagasse can be utilized for manufacturing
Paper
As a raw material for paper, bagasse offers the following advantages.
 Easy collection from sugar factories.
 Paper has good opacity and printability
 Bagasse pulp requires less refining.
 Paper has good burning strength.
Fiber Board
 It is made from refined or partially refined fibers.
 Bonding agents or other materials may be incorporated for increasing strength, as well as
resistance to moisture, fire or decay.
 They are usually sold as insulation boards, soft boards and hard boards according to
density.
Particle Board :-
 It is produced from small pieces of wood or other lingo cellulosic material impregnated
with an organic binder or compressed under heat and pressure.
 These boards are suitable for furniture preparation.
 It has been observed that though it is possible to produce very large quantities of particle
board from bagasse, no such utilization of bagasse is taking place.
 One of the reasons responsible for this is that wood waste is available at a considerably
lower price than bagasse.
Alcohol
Alcohol can also be produced from the bagasse..
Activated carbon
Attempts are made to prepare activated carbon from bagasse.
Bagasse ash
This ash removed from the boilers amounts to be about 0.3% on cane. Bagasse ash is utilized for
glass making .
 Ash is easy to grind.
All the main ingredients are already present in the intimate chemical composition.

Pressure Mud and Filter Cake

 In the process of manufacture of sugar,
 The first stage is the extraction' of juice and the subsequent stage is the clarification of
juice.
 This process is called as 'clarification' or 'purification’.
 There are two processes utilized for 'clarification’
 Carbonation and Sulphitation.
 Carbonation filter cake is not of practical use while sulphitation filter cake is more useful.
 It is utilized almost entirely as manure.
 It is most useful in acidic and saline soils.
 The filter cake however contains 151 much of the wax that was originally present
 If extracted and properly processed, this wax can be a valuable raw material.
Molasses
 In the process of sugar manufacture purified cane juice is concentrated to about 1.31
specific gravity when it is called syrup.
 The syrup is further concentrated when crystalization takes place and the resulting
product is called as 'massecuite’.
 The 'massacuite' is spun in centrifugal machines to separate the crystals from the adhering
'mother liquor’.
 This 'mother liquor' is termed as 'molasses' or 'green syrup’.
 The molasses resulting after first crystalization is called as first molasses, which is again
crystalized to yield a second crop of crystals and second 'molasses
It is thus a dark chocolate coloured viscous liquid containing about 15-20 % water, 50- 55% of
total sugars and the rest non sugars.

Molasses can be classified into the following categories according to the process of manufacture.
1. Raw sugar molasses formed during the production of raw sugar.
2. White sugar molasses formed during the production of direct consumption white sugar.
3. Refining molasses formed when raw sugar is refined.
4. Discard steffen molasses formed from desugarising of beet molasses by Steffen process.
Commercial importance of this molasses is very minor.

Composition
 Water s 20%
 Sucrose 32%
 Glucose 14%
 Fructose 16%
 Non sugar 10%
 Inorganic materials 08%
Molasses Uses
1. Cattle feed
2. Edible syrup
3. Acids, like citric acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, butyric acid,
4. Solvents and chemicals like ethanol, butanol, acetone, glycerol etc.
5. Vinegar.

Uses
Ethyl Alcohol
 In India, molasses is primarily utilized for the production of ethyl alcohol.
 About 50-60 % of the total alcohol production goes for chemical conversion,
 while about 20% is utilized for liquor.
Use as a fertilizer
 Molasses contains substantial amounts of potassium and small quantities of nitrogen and
phosphate.
 If used as a fertilizer these three constituents would be immensely beneficial to the crop.
Road surfacing
 Molasses can be used for road surfacing after mixing with asphalt.
Boiler fuel
 As molasses contains about 70% of organic substances, many attempts have been made
to use it as a boiler fuel.
References
 ALTERNATIVE USES OF SUGARCANE AND ITS BYPRODUCTS IN
AGROINDUSTRIES
by
J.M. Paturau
 Rupa Giri , B.S. Kundu , Parul Diwan, Kushal Raj and Leela Wati Department of
Microbiology CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 001, India
 https://www.researchgate.net/post/Which_products_can_be_prepared_or_produced_from
_sugarcane.