Marking scheme

5 Metabolism and enzymes

A. Multiple-choice questions (10 marks)
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. B
6. A 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. A
(1 mark each)

B. Short questions (12 marks)

1. (a) Concentration of substrate (1)
(b) Concentration of enzyme (1)
(c) (i) Z (1)
(ii) X (1)
(d) (i) The enzyme activity and slope of the curve are lower then that of the original curve. (1)
(ii) There is no enzyme activity even the substrate concentration increase as the enzyme is
denatured. (1)

enzyme Y
activity
10 oC

X 100 oC

substrate concentration

(Total: 6 marks)

3. (a) Babies cannot (fully) digest proteins in their food / Allows babies to absorb proteins more easily.
(1)
(b) protease (1)
(c) (i) B (1)
It can digest all / 100% protein (1)
at the lowest temperature (15 oC). (1)
(ii) reduces production cost / uses less energy / preserves more nutritional value (1)
(Total: 6 marks)

HKDSE BIOLOGY—Concepts and Applications

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C. Structured questions (18 marks)
1. (a) Effect of sucrase concentration
on the rate of sucrose digestion

Time required to
digest the sucrose
(second)

Sucrase concentration (%)

(4)
(b) The time required to digest sucrose decreases when the concentration of sucrase increases. (2)
More active sites are available to bind with sucrase. (1)
(c) It is because this is the optimum temperature for most enzymes to work / to minimise the effect
of temperature on enzyme action. (1)
o
(d) Use a water bath of 40 C (1)
(Total: 9 marks)

2. (a) (i) Vinegar has low pH / is acidic. (1)

Enzymes involved in the browning process are denatured. (1)
(ii) Low temperature decreases the enzyme activity. (1)
Enzymes involved in the browning process are inactivated and the browning process occurs
at a slower rate. (1)
(b) Any five of the following: (max. 5)
Cut apple into cubes with the same size (1)
The apple cubes are cut from same apple (1)
The apple cubes are treated under same condition – e.g. temperature / volume of pH solution
(1)
Immerse the apple cubes into solutions of varying pH (minimum 3 different pH) (1)
Explain how pH is to be controlled – e.g. use of buffers / dilute acid and dilute alkali and
water (1)
Compare colour after set time period (1)
Repetitions (1)
Plot graph / use of table / display results in some acceptable way (1)
(Total: 9 marks)

HKDSE BIOLOGY—Concepts and Applications

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D. Essay (11 marks)

Enzyme concentration (max. 3)

Rate of reaction increases with increasing enzyme concentration (1)
More active sites are available to bind with the substrate (1)
The rate increases as long as substrate molecules are in excess (1)
The rate decreases when substrate molecules are used up (1)

Temperature (max. 3)
Enzyme works well in a narrow range of temperature (1)
Enzyme works best at the optimum temperature (1)
Rate of reaction increases with increasing temperature (1)
Higher temperature provides more (kinetic) energy for enzyme and substrate (1)
Enzyme and substrate move faster and collide more frequently (1)
The chance of forming enzyme-substrate complex increases (1)
High temperature may denature the enzyme (1)
Low temperature may inactivate the enzyme (1)

Inhibitor (max. 2)
Inhibitor will decrease the rate of enzymatic reaction (1)
Case 1
Inhibitor has similar shape to substrate (1)
The inhibitor fit / occupy the active site for short time / temporary / reversible (1)
prevents the substrate from binding with the active site (1)
The rate determined by the concentration of inhibitor (1)
The effect of the inhibitor can be reversed by increasing substrate concentration (1)
Case 2
Inhibitor does not compete for the active sites with substrates (1)
They bind to the enzyme at a different place other than the active site (1)
The shape of the enzyme molecule changes (1)
The active site no longer fits the substrate(s), thereby reducing or stopping enzyme activity (1)
Increasing the concentration of substrates cannot resume the rate of enzyme reaction (1)

Communication (max. 3)

HKDSE BIOLOGY—Concepts and Applications

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