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Number and Language: Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Practice Book Answers
Number and Language: Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended Practice Book Answers
2 Accuracy
●● Exercises 2.1–2.3 2 (a) 16.4, 16.6
(c) 484.7575, 495.2475
(b) 28.4375, 29.6475
(d) 9.3, 9.5
1 (a) 50 (b) 1300 (c) 525 000 (e) 0.04, 0.16
2 (a) 5.0 (b) 18.0 (c) 0.00 3 27.72, 29.13 (2 d.p.)
3 (a) 20 (b) 0.043 (c) 3.05
●● Exercise 2.7
●● Exercise 2.4 1 18.7975, 19.6875 km²
Answers may vary 2 (a) 0.17%, 1.7%
1 (a) ≈ 10 (b) ≈ 3 (b) A percentage error of 0.5 out of 30 is more
2 ≈ 119 cm² significant than a percentage error of 0.5
out of 303
●● Exercise 2.5 3 11.5 km, 12.070 125 km
1 23.8 m
2 70.5 × 11.5
3 715 000 ÷ 1550
●● Exercise 2.6
1 (a) 355.25, 395.25 (b) 2741.25, 2891.25
(c) 4497.75, 5502.75 (d) 0.5 , 1
(e) 1.98, 2.03 (2 d.p.)
5 Further percentages
●● Exercises 5.1–5.3 ●● Exercise 5.4
1 (a) 25% (b) 60% 1 (a) 225 (b) 150 (c) 875
(c) 37.5% (d) 87.5% 2 (a) 135 (b) 105 (c) 5
2 (a) 50 (b) 150 3 (a) $38 (b) 262
(c) 50 (d) $390 4 £428 640
(e) $120 (f) 35 5 670 625
3 (a) 95% (b) 5%
4 (a) (i) 4 (ii) 80%
5 ●● Exercise 5.5
3
(b) (i) (ii) 60% 1 (a) $450 (b) $620
5
i (c) 340% (d) 160%
(c) (i) 2 (ii) 66.6% 2 260
3
5 Ahmet = 30%, Jo = 45%, Anna = 25% 3 225
6 77.7% (1 d.p.) 4 4 cm
7 (a) $4.32 (b) 56.8%
2 © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Chapter 6 Ratio and proportion
(b) 1416 ml
2 ●● Exercise 6.6
3
1 27 × 18 cm
8 $750, $850, $900 2 5 : 2
9 48°, 192° 3 (a) (i) 288 cm² (ii) 648 cm²
10 $480 (b) 9 : 4
11 4 (a) (i) 156.25 cm³ (ii) 10 000 cm³
Speed (km/h) 60 30 22.5 120 90 240
(b) 64 : 1
Time (h) 1.5 3 4 0.75 1 0.375
●● Exercises 8.2–8.4
1 (a) €103.50 (b) €84.87
●● Exercise 8.6
2 (a) Option 1: $1275 extra 1 $162 067.50
Option 2: $4180 extra 2 $66 550
(b) e.g. The customer may not be able to afford the 3 $518.40
initial deposit 4 14.9%
3 142% 5 20.6%
4 5% 6 (a) 1.25 ≠ 2 (b) 4 years
9 Time
●● Exercise 9.1
2 05 51
1 14 52 3 (a) 126 hrs 40 mins (b) Monday (c) 2310
u
●● Exercise 10.2 R
●● Exercise 10.3 A S
●● Exercises 11.12–11.13
pr ●● Exercises 11.16–11.17
1 a =
2 xq 3a + 4b
1
6 12
2 a = c
m 2
( )
2 12
bt
3 a = 5a
2r 3
6
2p b
4 a = -5e
t 4
21
( )
2 2
5 a = 3b 5
10f
2c 9
●● Exercise 11.14
C
●● Exercise 11.18
1 (a) r = 3p + 5
2p 1
(b) r = 3.0 cm (1 d.p.) ( p + 3)( p - 1)
A a
2 (a) r = 2
p b
(b) r = 5.0 cm (1 d.p.) a
3
A a +1
3 (a) p = a
l 4
(b) p = 6 cm a+3
A 5 a
4 (a) h = -r
2pr
(b) 7.0 cm (1 d.p.)
12 Algebraic indices
●● Exercises 12.1–12.2 ●● Exercise 12.3
8 9 2 7 7
1 (a) a × b × c (b) p × q × r 5 7
1 (a) a 4 (b) a 2
(c) m (d) a5 × b5 × e
2 (a) ( 5 b ) (b) ( 9 b )
-3 7
17
-
(c) a 6
1 -7
2 -6
3 -68 ●● Exercises 13.11–13.12
4 ±15
1 16 + 2x < 10
5 (a) x - 2, x + 3
Number line showing x < -3
(b) Zach = 7 yrs, Leda = 5 yrs, Spot = 10 yrs
2 19 9x + 1
6 18°, 54°
Number line showing x 2
7 160°, 140°, 60°
3 1 - 3x 13
8 ±10
Number line showing x -4
1
4 x < 2
●● Exercise 13.7 2
Number line showing x < 4
1 3, -4 1
2 3, 6 5 x 1
3
3 -3, -7 Number line showing x 3
4 -2, -1 6 8 < 4x < 16
5 -5, 7 Number line showing 2 < x < 4
6 7, 6 7 9 < 9x < 45
7 ±13 Number line showing 1 < x < 5
8 ±7
© Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 7
Cambridge IGCSE® Mathematics Core and Extended Practice Book Answers
8 4 < 2x - 16 < 10 10 10 2x - 5 20
Number line showing 5 < x < 8 Number line showing 7.5 x 12.5
9 3 2x + 1 < 9
Number line showing 1 x < 4
14 Linear programming
●● Exercise 14.1 2 y
4
3
1 2
1 x 1 1
2
2 x 2 −3 −2 −1 0
−1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
3 -9 y < -7 −2
−3
4 10
3
2 8
1
6
−8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 x
−1
−2 4
3 y
2
3
2 x
1
−1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
−8−7−6−5−4−3−2−1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 x
−1 −2
−2
−3 (c) 6 male + 8 female
−4
7 male + 8 female
6 male + 9 female
●● Exercise 14.3
1 y
4
3
2
1
−10−9−8−7−6−5−4−3−2−1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
−1
−2
−3
−4
15 Sequences
●● Exercises 15.1–15.2 (c)
(d)
2n
100
1 29, 32 5 (a) (i) 49, 64
2 26, 37 (ii) square numbers
3 37, 45 (b) (i) 60, 72
4 (a) (ii) term to term +12
(c) (i) 21, 34
(ii) add the two previous terms together
(Fibonacci sequence)
6 (a) 4n + 3
(b)
Number of white squares 2 3 4 5 6 (b) 2n + 5
Number of shaded squares 4 6 8 10 12 (c) n2 + 2
8 © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Chapter 16 Variation
●● Exercise 15.3 3 1, 1
10
1 (a) 215, 342 4 (a) u1 = 2, u2 = 6, u3 = 18
(b) n3 - 1 (b) n=7
2 (a) 218, 345
(b) n3 + 2 5 (a) 1
4
(b) 64
()
n-1
1
●● Exercise 15.4 (c) un = 64 ×
4
1 4, 2 1
(d)
2 0.5, 0.05 4096
16 Variation
k
●● Exercise 16.1 4 p = 3
r2
1 (a) d = kp
(b) k=2
(c) 40 ●● Exercise 16.2
(d) 1 1 500
k
2 (a) a =
b
(b) a =
1
2
●● Exercise 16.3
1 (a) 1800 b.h.p.
0.5 1
3 (a) p = or p = 2 (b) 50 kg
q2 2q
(b) 0.02 2 330 m/s
(c) ± 10 3 2 N
110
1 (a) 12 100
10 90
8 80
6 70
Cost ($)
Percentage
4 60
50
2
40
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
30
Units
20
12 Mark
10
6
Cost ($)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Units
(b) ≈ $4.60
(c) ≈ 37.5 units
© Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 9
Cambridge IGCSE® Mathematics Core and Extended Practice Book Answers
60 3
50
40 ●● Exercise 17.7
30
1 (a)
20
Time (s) 0 1 2 3 4
10
Speed (m/s) 0 10 20 30 40
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Mark (b)
55
(b) ≈ 72%
50
(c) ≈ 63 marks
45
40
●● Exercise 17.2
Speed (m/s)
35
30
1 (a) 5 m/s
(b) 105 km/h 25
2 (a) 800 m 20
(b) 124 200 m or 124.2 km 15
3 (a) 0.125 h or 7.5 min 10
(b) 100 s 5
0 1 2 3 4
●● Exercises 17.3–17.4 Time (s)
1 (a) 2 m/s (c) 20 m
(b) 12.5 m/s (d) 80 m
(c) ≈ 175 m 2 (a)
(d) stationary 16
1 15
(e) 8 m/s 14 B
3
13
2 (a) 11 00 12
A
(b) 10 km 11
Speed (m/s)
(c) 30 10
9
5
25
4 8
7
Distance (km)
20 6
3
15 5
2 4
10
1 3
5 2
0
1
0900 0915 0930 0945 1000 1015 1030 1045 1100 1115
Time 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time (s)
(d) 13.75 km/h
(b) 3 seconds
(c) 20 m
18 Graphs of functions
2 y
●● Exercise 18.1 10
8
6
1 y
4
9 2
8
−1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
7 −2
6 −4
−6
5
−8
4 −10
3 −12
2 −14
1 −16
−18
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x −20
−1 −22
−2 −24
−3 −26
−28
−4
−30
−5
−6 x = 2 and 6
3 y
x −5 −4 −3 −2 −1
30
y 6 0 −2 0 6 28
26
2 y 24
22
8 20
7 18
6 16
5 14
4 12
3 10
2 8
1 6
0 x
4
−6−5−4 −3−2−1
−1 1 2 3 4 5 6 2
−2
−9−8−7−6−5−4−3−2−1 0 x
−3 −2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
−4 −4
−5 −6
−6 −8
−7 −10
x = -8 and 6
x −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y −6 0 4 6 6 4 0 −6
●● Exercise 18.3
●● Exercise 18.2 1 x = 1 and 3
2 x = 3 and 5
1 y 3 x = -6 and 4
8
6
4
2
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
−2
−4
−6
−8
−10
−12
−14
−16
−18
−20
x = -1 and 5
3
y
4 2
3 1
2 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 x
1 −1
−2
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 x
−1 −3
−2 −4
−3 −5
−4 (b) Gradient = 3
−5 2 (a) y
7
●● Exercises 18.5–18.6
5
1 (a) 3
x −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 2
−1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6x
(b) y
11 –1
10
9
1
8 (b) Gradient =
7 2
6
5
●● Exercise 18.8
4
3
2
1
1 (a) y
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 x
−1 12
−2
−3 11
−4
10
2 (a)
x −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 9
f(x) 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.1 −0.7 −1 0 5 8
7
(b) y
6
7
5
6
4
5
3
4
2
3
1
2
1 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 x
−1
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 x −2
−1
−3
−2
−4
−3
−4
−5
(b) 2 (a) y
3 11
Rearrange the equation to give 2 - 2 x = - x + 4
x 10
Superimposing the graph of y = -x + 4 gives 9
y
12 8
11 7
6
10
5
9
4
8
3
7
2
6
1
5
4 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2x
−1
3 −2
2 −3
1 −4
−5
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 x
−1
−2
1
(b) Rearrange the equation to give 3x + x = 2 x + 4
−3 2
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2x
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5
19 Functions
●● Exercise 19.1 ●● Exercise 19.2
1 (a) 9 (b) 15 1 (a) 6 (b) 10
1 (c) 3.4 (d) 3.2
(c) 4 (d) −3
2 2 (a) 4 (b) -3
1
(e) −15 (f) 1 (c) -17 (d) -3.7
2
3 (a) -2.5 (b) -25
2 (a) 3 (b) 9
(c) 20 (d) 5.6
(c) 2 (d) -13.5
3 (a) 6 (b) 1.5
(c) 12.5 (d) 8.3
3
15 2
−7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x
10 −1
−2
−3
5 −4
( )
n-1
(c) (i) 2 1 , - 1 1 (ii) un = 40 × - 1
2 4 2
()
n-1
1 1 1
(d) (i) , (ii) un =
81 243 3
20 Geometrical vocabulary
●● Exercise 20.1
1 (a) Definitely congruent as all three angles the same and 1 corresponding side
(b) Not necessarily congruent e.g. the side opposite the 40° angle could be drawn in a different position and still be 7 cm long
22 Similarity
●● Exercise 22.1 ●● Exercises 22.3–22.4
1 (a) Angles in both triangles are the same: 28°, 90° 1 (a) 121.5 cm2 (b) 3
and 62° (c) 2460.4 cm3 (1 d.p.)
(b) 2.5 2 (a) 5.4 (b) 1.75
(c) x = 37.5 cm (c) 14.2 cm
(d) y = 20 cm 3 (a) 3 (b) 50 cm3
2
2 (a) a = 9.5 cm (1 d.p.) 4 155 m
(b) b = 15.2 cm ( 1 d.p.)
●● Exercise 22.2
1 (a) (i) 144 cm2 (ii) 33.5 cm2
(b) Rectangle H
2 24.5 cm2
23 Symmetry
●● Exercise 23.1 ●● Exercise 23.2
1 (a) Several answers possible. Two are given below: 1 (a) AB = CD (given). OA = OB = OC = OD (all radii of
the circle)
All three corresponding sides the same length,
therefore congruent.
(b) Isosceles
(b)
(c) 110°
●● Exercise 23.3
1 p = 52°
2 Rotational symmetry of order 4 Angle OXZ = 90° as it’s the angle between a tangent
and a radius at a point.
Angle XOZ = 180 - 90 - 38 = 52°
Triangles OXZ and OYZ are congruent, therefore
angle YOZ = XOZ.
Therefore p = 52°
24 Angle properties
●● Exercises 24.1–24.3 ●● Exercise 24.7
1 a = 78° 1 (a) 540°
b = 102° (b) 30°
c = 143° (c) 30°, 240°, 120°, 60°, 90°
d = 37° 2 (a) y = 360 - x
e = 65° 7 5 5 7
(b) 1080 = x + x + x + x + x + 3 x + 3 x + 360 - x
2 p = 72° 2 2 2 2
q = 118° or 360 + 18x = 1080
(c) 40°
(d) 320°
●● Exercise 24.4
1 (a) 15°
(b) 24
●● Exercise 24.8
2 (a) 168° 1 x = 110°
(b) 162° 2 x = 96° y = 48°
3 10
●● Exercise 24.9
●● Exercise 24.5 1 x = 46° y = 56°
1 x = 58° 2 x = 32° y = 22° z = 22°
2 x = 20°
●● Exercise 24.10
●● Exercise 24.6
1 p = 116° q = 95°
1 x = 51° 2 x = 55° y = z = 90°
2 x = 42°
25 Loci
●● Exercises 25.1–25.3
1
A 5m C
3m
3m
3m
B
3m
B C
0.5 m
4m
2 (a) 4100 m (b) 40 cm
3 (a) 1.331 (b) 2000 cm³
D 8m C
4 (a) 2.2 (b) 4.84
(c) 10.65 (2 d.p.) (d) 469.6 cm³ (1 d.p.)
5 x = 226°
6 90 sides Note: the centre of the path is the perpendicular
7 (a) 24° (b) 8.8 cm (1 d.p.) bisector of AC. As the path is 1 m wide, the edges of
8 (a) x = 48° (b) y = 24° the path are 0.5 m from its central line measured at
9 (a) n = 127° (b) m = 53° right-angles.
26 Measures
●● Exercises 26.1–26.5 3 (a) 0.012 litres
4 0.105 km2
(b) 240 ml
28 Straight-line graphs
2 y
●● Exercises 28.1–28.3 4
3
1 (a) gradient = 1 (b) y=x-2 2
2 (a) gradient = 2 (b) y = 2x - 1
1
3 (a) gradient = 0 (b) y=1
4 (a) gradient is infinite (b) x = -3 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x
1 1 −1
5 (a) gradient = - y = - x +1
(b)
2 2 −2
1 −3
6 y= x +1
3 −4
1
7 y= x -1 3 y
4
4
8 y = -2 x - 3
3
1 2
9 y = - x
5
1
2
10 y = x +1
3 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x
−1
11 m represents the gradient of the straight line. c
−2
represents the intercept of the line with the y axis.
−3
−4
●● Exercise 28.4
4 y
1 (a) gradient = 4 y-intercept = -2
4
(b) gradient = -2 y-intercept = -6
3
1
2 (a) gradient = - y-intercept = 3 2
2
(b) gradient = -3 y-intercept = 4 1
3 (a) gradient = -2 y-intercept = 4
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x
1 −1
(b) gradient = -2 y-intercept = -
5 −2
3
4 (a) gradient = y-intercept = -3 −3
2
3 15 −4
(b) gradient = y-intercept =
2 2
4 5 y
5 (a) gradient = y-intercept = 0 4
5
2 3
(b) gradient = 1 y-intercept = -
3
2
1
●● Exercise 28.5 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0
−1
1 2 3 4 5 x
1 y = -2x + 9 −2
2 6x - 14y + 35 = 0 −3
−4
x = -4 and y = 2
2 y 3 y = 7
4
1
3 4 y=- x
2
2
1
1 5 x=
2
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x 2
y = x+4
−1 6
5
−2
1
−3 7 y =- x-4
3
−4
x = 1 and y = -2
●● Exercise 28.10
●● Exercise 28.8 1 (a) 2 (b) -
1
2
1
(c) y = - x + 7
2
1 (a) 6.0 (b) (7, 6) 2 (a) -1 (b) 1 (c) y = x + 2
2 (a) 5.4 (b) ( ) 1
2
,6
3 (a)
5
2
(b) -
2
5
(c) y = - x -
2 11
5 5
3 (a) 7.2 (b) (1, -2)
4 (a) 9.1 (b) (0,1 ) 1
2
4 (a) 0
3
(b) infinite
2
(c) x = 4
2 13
5 (a) - (c) y = x +
(- , - )
(b)
1 1 2 3 3 6
5 (a) 1.6 (b)
2 4
1
6 (a) infinite (b) 0 (c) y =
7
●● Exercise 28.9
1
1 y = x-4
2
2 y = -2x + 6
3 y (b) 2x - 3y + 24 = 0
4
3
2
1
−8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
−1
−2
−3
−4
29 Bearings
●● Exercise 29.1 (b) (i) ≈ 6.8 km
(ii) ≈ 026°
1 (a) Student’s scale drawing
30 Trigonometry
●● Exercises 30.1–30.3
1 5.6 cm 6 (a) 7.1 km (b) 27.1 km
2 17.3 cm (c) 34.9 km (d) 039°
3 55.0° 7 (a) 6.4 m (b) 18.2 m
4 12.7 cm (c) 41.4°
5 60.5°
6 9.5 cm
7 40.3° ●● Exercise 30.6
8 7.5 cm 1 (a) 58.9 m (b) 40° (c) 1 : 1.7
2 (a) 14.0 m (b) 16.6° (c) 47.1 m
●● Exercises 30.4–30.5
1 a = 10.3 cm ●● Exercises 30.7–30.8
2 b = 11.3 cm 1 (a) sin 94° (b) sin 22°
3 c = 8.9 cm 2 (a) -cos 142° (b) -cos 42°
4 d = 12.2 cm 3 (a) 22°, 158° (b) 58°, 122°
5 (a) 68.0 km (b) 96.2 km 4 (a) cos 18° (b) cos 44°
31 Further trigonometry
●● Exercises 31.1–31.2 ●● Exercise 31.4
1 6.6 cm 1 43.3 cm²
2 8.1 cm 2 7 cm
3 11.5 cm
4 23°
5 36° ●● Exercise 31.5–31.6
6 148° 1 (a) 11.4 cm (b) 23.3 cm
2 (a) 8.5 cm (b) 30°
(c) 8.9 cm (d) 33°
●● Exercise 31.3 3 (a) 5 cm (b) 59°
1 (a) 44° (b) 87.5 m (c) 7.8 cm (d) 31°
4 (a) 3.2 cm (b) 65°
(c) 3.8 cm
32 Vectors
●● Exercise 32.1 ●● Exercise 32.2–32.3
( )
1 (a) 8
-1
(b) ( -15) ()
1 (a) 6
0
(b) ( -95 )
(c) ( -52 ) (d) ( -04 ) 5
(e) ( --22 )
(c) 2
1
-
(d) ( -62 )
2
( )
-1
1 (a) -2 therefore magnitude is 2.2
●● Exercises 32.5–32.7
1 3
1 (a) a (b) b
2 2
(b) 1 3 1 1
(c) a + b (d) b- a
2 4 2 2
1
2 (a) a + b (b) b
2
b 3 1 1
(c) a+ b (d) a+ b
2 2 4
–c
–c + b
33 Matrices
●● Exercise 33.1 3 (a) Examples of possible multiplications are AC, BA
or CB
1 (a) 2 × 4 (b) 4 × 1 (b) Examples of multiplications not possible are CA,
Class 1 Class 2 AB or BC
Black 6 8
2 Brown 6 3
●● Exercises 33.6–33.7
Blonde 4 5
( )
Ginger 2 0
1 (a) B = 1 0 (b) The identity matrix
0 1
2 (a) 12 (b) 5
●● Exercise 33.2 (
3 (a) 7 -5
35 -5 ) (b) 1260
1 ( 03 -1 1
-7 10 )
4 -4 ●● Exercise 33.8
2 0 4
1 -1
1 1
3 (a) (6 0 2) + (8 0 0) + (4 2 0) 8 8
1 1 1
-
(b) (18 2 2) 4 4
1
( 01 01 )
0
2
●● Exercises 33.3–33.5 2 (a)
1 1
(b)
-
4 2
4 12
1 (a) -8 0 (b)
8 2
( -03 129 -61)
2 (a) (12) (b) ( -2056 -1441)
34 Transformations
●● Exercises 34.1–34.2 ●● Exercises 34.3–34.4
1 (a) (i) y 1 (a)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
−7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5
y=x+2
(ii)
(b) (i) y
8 (b)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
−7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5
−6
−7
−8
y = x - 1 y = -x + 1
(ii)
2 (a)
2 y
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
−8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5
−6
−7
Rotation 90° clockwise or 270° anticlockwise
D = ( -6 )
1
Rotation 180° clockwise / anticlockwise
●● Exercise 34.5
1 (a) Centre of rotation (2, -1)
(b) 90° anticlockwise about O
y
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
−9 −8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
−1
O
−2
−3
−4
−5
−6
−7
−8
●● Exercises 34.8–34.9 2
1 (a)
B
C
A‘
O
B‘
C‘
●● Exercise 34.10
Scale factor of enlargement = 2.5
1 X
(b)
A
B
Y
C
Z
C‘
Z‘
B‘
Y‘
A‘
X‘
●● Exercise 34.11
1 y
8
7
B3 C1 C2
6
5
B
A3 4
A 3
2
1
C A2 A1
−20−19−18−17−16−15−14−13−12−11−10
15
5−14
4 −13 −9 −8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 1 0
2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 x
−11
−2
C3 B2 B1
−3
−4
−5
−6
−7
© Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 25
Cambridge IGCSE® Mathematics Core and Extended Practice Book Answers
●● Exercises 34.12–34.13
1 (a) A B C
( )
-4 -2 -4
5 3 -2
(b) ( -1 0 ) ( -4 -2 -4 =
) ( -45 2 4
)
0 -1 5 3 -2 -3 2
(c) y
8
7
6
A
5
4
B 3
C‘
2
1
−10 −9 −8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0
4 − 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x
−1
−2
C
−3 B‘
−4
−5
A‘
−6
−7
−8
(d) (i) Enlargement of scale factor -1 with centre of enlargement at the origin
(ii) Rotation of 180° with centre of rotation at the origin
2 (a) 10 units²
(b) y
15 B'
14
13
12
12
11
11
A' 10
10
9
8
7
B
6
5
C'
A 4
3
2 C
1
−13 −12−11−10 −9 −8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 x
(c) 6.25
2
5 0
(d) 6.25 × 10 = 62.5 units² (e)
0 2
5
●● Exercise 34.14
y
8
1 (a) (b) 7
6 B' C'
5
4
C D
3
2
C' D'
1
B A
−15−14−13−12−11−10−9 −8 −7−6−5 −4 −3−2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 x
−1
B'' A''
−2
−3
−4
C'' D''
−5
−6
−7
(c) 1 0
0 -1 ( ) (d) ( 01 -01 )
26 © Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Topic 7 Exam focus
2 (a) (
-4 )
y
-5 7
(b) 6.4 (1 d.p.)
6
B C
1
3 (a) b (b) a + b 5
4 4
1 2 3
(c) a + b (d) a- b A
3
3 3 4 2
D
4 2007 35 25 12 30 1
O
2008 40 15 10 24 −8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 x
2009 24 31 8 20 −1
D’
−2
2010 15 20 5 32 −3
2011 18 22 18 28
2012 15 18 15 25 −4
−5 A’
−6
5 (a) QP is possible as the number of columns in Q is
−7
the same as the number of rows in P.
−8
(b) -3 -6 1
−9
9
6 12 -2
−10
10
0
1 18 1 C’−11 B’
16 0 -18
−12
−13
6 (a) −1
( )
−14
(b) -1 -2 −15
-2 -3
O = (−1, 1)
(b) Scale factor = −3
(c) 32 × 8 = 72 units2
y
8 (a) 7
6
5
4
3
2
O
1
9 (a) (i) A ′ B′ C′
(
0 4 12
6 10 4 )
(a) (ii), (b) y
C” 12
11 B’
10
9
8
7
A’6 B
5
B” 4 C’
A3
2 C
1
–13–12–11–10–9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1–10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 x
A“
–2
–3
(c) 0 -2
2 0 ( )
(e)
1
0 2
1
- 0
(d) 4x units² 2
35 Probability
●● Exercises 35.1–35.4 6 4
5 (a) 11 (b)
11
1 1
1 (a) (b) (c) 1 (d) Student’s answer
8 4
1 7 27
(c) (d) 0 6 (a) (i) (ii)
2 52 52
7 7 45 3
(e) (f) (b) (i) (ii)
8 8 51 51
30 6 4 2
2 (a) = 7 (a) (b)
365 73 121 121
(b) Not every month has the same number of days 8 (a) 1
(b)
1
67 27 9
(c)
73 9 (a) 200
1 2
3 (a) (b) (b) (i)
4
(ii)
107
(iii)
9
750 3 25 100
200
1
(c) (d) 1 10 225
5
23 17
4 (a) (b)
40 40
36 Further probability
●● Exercise 36.1 ●● Exercise 36.2
1 5 1 4
1 (a) (b) 1 (a) (i) (ii)
6 24 27 27
2 (a)
1
(b)
1 (b) It will depend on how good the opposition is.
8 16
1 1
3 2 (a) (b)
(c) 0 (d) 25 5
4
●● Exercise 36.3
(e) Within the first three throws it is certain that a
1 3 player will either start or not start
1 (a) (b) 4
8 2 (a) 0.36 (b) 0.288 (c) 0.648
(c)
1
(d)
7 3 (a) 0.0025 (b) 0.9520 = 0.358 (3 d.p.)
8 8
80 M
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
100105110115120125130135140145150155160165170175180185190195200205210215220
Height (cm)
(c) (i)
181.5 cm (d) See graph for line of best fit
(ii) 83.5 kg (e) (i) Moderate positive correlation
(iii) see graph for position of M (ii) Student’s comparison
●● Exercises 38.4–38.5
1 (a)
Age (years) 0– 15– 25– 35– 40– 50– 60– 80–100
Frequency 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Frequency density 0.67 1 1 2 1 1 0.5 0.5
(b) 2.5
Frequency density
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
39 Cumulative frequency
●● Exercises 39.1–39.2
1 (a)
Time (mins) 140– 150– 160– 170– 180– 190– 200– 210–220
Frequency 5 20 45 30 25 20 10 5
Cumulative frequency 5 25 70 100 125 145 155 160
(b) 200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
Cumulative frequency
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 q1 q2 q3
120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240
Time (mins)
(c) Median ≈ 173 minutes (see graph) (e) Yes the data does support his aim, as the middle
(d) (i) Upper quartile ≈ 187 minutes (see graph) 50% corresponds to the interquartile range. The
(ii) Lower quartile ≈ 163 minutes (see graph) IQR < 30 mins.
(iii) Interquartile range ≈ 24 minutes
2 (a)
20
19
18
17
16
15
Fuel consumption (kpl)
14
13
12
11
10
9 M
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
60
70
80
90
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Mass (kg)
(b) Moderate negative correlation
(c) (i)
1373 kg
(ii) 10 kpl
(d) See graph above for M
(e) See graph above for line of best fit
(f) Average fuel consumption ≈ 14 kpl (see graph above)
3 (a) Bus lateness (mins) 0– 0.5– 1– 2– 5– 10– 20–30
Frequency 10 8 16 15 20 10 5
Frequency density 20 16 16 5 4 1 0.5
(b) 24
22
Frequency density
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
Lateness (mins)
Reaction time (s) 0– 0.1– 0.2– 0.3– 0.4– 0.5– 0.6– 0.7–0.8
Frequency 0 2 5 15 10 5 2 1
Cumulative frequency
0 2 7 22 32 37 39 40
20
15
10
q1 q2 q3 q1 q2 q3
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Reaction time (s)