Technological Institute of the Philippines

938 Aurora Blvd., Cubao, Quezon City

College of Engineering and Architecture

Department of Electronics Engineering

On-the-Job Training FINAL WRITTEN REPORT

Summer 2018
LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT AUTHORITY

Submitted by:
Beatrice A. Abesamis
EC51FA11

Submitted to:
Engr. John Joel F. Martinez
OJT Faculty-in-Charge

May 2018
 Acknowledgements

The success of this On-the-Job Training required a lot of guidance and assistance of many people. I
am extremely privileged to have constant motivation and encouragement during the completion of the
training. All that they have done is only due to such supervision and assistance and I would like to thank the
people that made this possible.

First of all, I respect and thank Engr. Vernie Virgilio N. Sudario, Engr. Pelomino S. Palomique, and
Mr. Ernesto A. Penilla Jr. in their efforts to grant our overtime request in LRTA and TSPA. Without their
support and guidance, I would not be able to finish my training program duly.

Second, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to Mr. Rodrigo V. Peduche, Mr. Artemio B.
Castillo, Mr. Nelson C. Uy, Mr. Benildo E. Bacus, Mr. Jonathan M. Pailanan, Mr. Michael R. Lopez, Mr.
James R. Hilario, Mr. Eric P. Agustin, Mr. Marco A. Sandoval, Mr. Jimmy B. Sandoval, Mr. Elgin M.
Geradela Jr., Mr. Anthony S. Solito, Mr. Reynald B. Setenta, Engr. Adrian S. Candalan, Mr. Marshall
M. Ponce, and Ms. Maria Cecilia D.C. Serrano for providing an opportunity to expand my knowledge and
enhance my capacity and critical thinking skills through hands-on activities, lectures, and examinations. They
gave me support and guidance by teaching the fundamentals in the field of Electronics, Signaling, and
Telecommunications in relation to the construction, operation, and maintenance of the train. Moreover, I am
also extremely thankful to them for providing such an excellent support and supervision by giving all the
necessary information through manuals and textbooks.

Fourth, I am also thankful and fortunate enough to get constant encouragement, financial and
emotional support, and unending love and guidance from my beloved family. In addition to that, I would like
to commend the concerted effort of my brother, Engr. Ranma A. Abesamis, in helping me accomplish this
document.

Last but not the least, my greatest and deepest gratitude goes to God, who always keep me safe and
sound anytime and anywhere throughout the period. Most importantly, the knowledge and wisdom that He
lend me are the main access in completing this training.

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 Table of Contents

Title Page…......................................................................................................................................................i
Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………………………….....ii
Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………………………………………...iii

I. Company Data
A. Brief History/Background of the Company/Company Profile ............................................................ 2
B. Inclusive Dates of Training ............................................................................................................... 8
C. Names of Personnel (Supervisor, Liaison Officer, Training Officers/Instructors, etc.) Involved in the
Training Program with their Respective Designations ...................................................................... 9

II. Brief Description of the Training Program

A. Objectives ....................................................................................................................................... 12
1. General .................................................................................................................................... 12
2. Specific .................................................................................................................................... 12
B. Schedule/Timetable ........................................................................................................................ 12
C. Areas of Training ............................................................................................................................ 12
D. Reference Materials (e.g. Manuals, Textbooks, etc.) Used During the Training ............................. 13

III. Compiled Weekly/Daily Reports

A. Weekly and Daily Report for the Month of April 2018 to May 2018................................................. 15
1. Week 2
a. Weekly Report………………………………………………… ...................... …………………16
b. Daily Report………………………………………………… .......................... …………………17

2. Week 3
a. Weekly Report………………………………………………… ...................... …………………38
b. Daily Report………………………………………………… .......................... …………………39

3. Week 4
a. Weekly Report………………………………………………… ...................... …………………69
b. Daily Report………………………………………………… .......................... …………………71

4. Week 5
a. Weekly Report………………………………………………… .................... …………………107
b. Daily Report………………………………………………… ........................ …………………109

B. Overtime Reports and Waivers ..................................................................................................... 145

IV. Personal Evaluation of the Training Program

A. Reaction Paper by the Trainee to Include Comments on the Following Areas: ............................ 153
1. Professional Learning and Development Achieved ................................................................ 153
2. Modern Techniques, Skills, and Tools Used/Learned ............................................................ 153
3. Equipment, Machinery, Testing Apparatus, etc. Handheld .................................................... 156
4. Experiences with the Company Personnel Involved in the Training ....................................... 157
5. Best Practices Used/Applied .................................................................................................. 158
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 6. Discipline Related Solutions Integrated into the Company ..................................................... 159
7. Strong Points ......................................................................................................................... 160
8. Weak Points and Suggested Solutions .................................................................................. 160

V. Recommendations
A. Potential of the Company as a Training Ground ........................................................................... 162
1. Availability and Appropriateness of Facilities, Equipment, and Machinery ............................. 162
2. Company Personnel Cooperation .......................................................................................... 162
B. Duration of Training ...................................................................................................................... 163
C. Suggestions for the Improvement of the Training Program .......................................................... 163
D. Advise to Future On-the-Job Trainees .......................................................................................... 163

VI. Appendices
A. Request for OJT Endorsement Letter……………………………………… ............... ……………….165
B. Photocopy of ID and Registration Card…………………………………… ................ ……………….166
C. Curriculum Vitae………………………………………................................................ ……………….168
D. Parent’s Waiver……………………………………… ................................................. ……………….171
E. Copy of the Endorsement Letter……………………………………… ....................... ……………….172
F. On-the-Job Training/Practicum Agreement and Liability Waiver…… ....................................... ….173
G. Acceptance Letter……………………………………… ............................................. ……………….175
H. Schedule Form……………………………………… .................................................. ……………….176
I. Preliminary Evaluation……………………………………………………………..…………… ………..177
J. Photocopy of Certificate of Completion……………………………………… ............. ……………….178
K. Student Performance Rating……………………………………… ............................. ……………….179
L. On-the-Job Trainee Success Story and Testimonial…………………………………………………..182
M. On-the-Job Training Evaluation…………………………………………..……………………………...185
N. Photocopy of Certificate for English “Winning Mindset” Seminar…………………………. ............ .187
O. Final Written Report Rubric……………………………………… ............................... ……………….188
P. Weekly Report rubric................……………………………………… ......................... ……………….189
Q. Daily Time Record/Time Sheet……………………………………… ......................... ……………….189
R. Soft Copy of Actual OJT and Final Written Report in CD........................................ ……………….190

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COMPANY DATA
 I. COMPANY DATA

A. Brief History/Background of the Company/Company Profile

Figure 1. Company Logo

The Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) is a public transport operator that is responsible for the
construction, operation, maintenance and/or lease of Manila Light Rail Transit System in the Philippines.
It is organized as a government-owned and controlled corporation under the Department of
Transportation (DOTr) as an attached agency. Moreover, LRTA has become the country's prime mover
in the rail transport sector serving the needs of millions of Filipinos by exploring avenues where the LRT
system could continuously provide efficient transport services while promoting economy and efficiency
of operations.

Figure 2. Foundation of LRTA

On July 12, 1980, the country's president, Ferdinand E. Marcos, created the Light Rail Transit
Authority (LRTA) as a government agency under Executive Order (EO) No. 603, as amended by EO No.
830 dated September 1982, and EO No. 210 dated July 7, 1987. The Chairman was the then First Lady
and Governor of Metro Manila, Imelda Romualdez Marcos. This LRTA confined its activities to
determining policies, to the regulation and fixing of fares, and to the planning of extensions to the system.
The project was called Metrorail and was operated by a sister company of the former tramway company
Meralco, called Metro, Inc.

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 Initial assistance for building the LRT project came from the Belgian government which granted a
₱300 million "soft" and interest-free loan with a repayment time of 30 years. The project was expected to
pay for itself within a period of 20 years out of revenue alone. A Belgian consortium consisting of ACEC
(Ateliers de Constructions Electriques de Charleroi, BN), (Constructions Ferroviaires et Metalliques,
formerly Brugeoise et Nivelles), TEI (Tractionnel Engineering International) and TC (Transurb Consult)
provided an additional loan of ₱700 million. The consortium provided the cars, signaling, power control,
telecommunications, training and technical assistance. The entire system was expected to be financially
"in the red" well into 1993. Against an expected gross revenue of ₱365 million for the first operating year,
government losses were thought likely to reach ₱216 million. The system was designed as a public utility
rather than as a profit center.

Construction of the line started in October 1981, and was the responsibility of CDCP (Construction
and Development Corporation of the Philippines), with assistance from the Swiss firm of Losinger and
the American company Dravo, the latter, through its Philippine subsidiary. The government appointed
Electrowatt Engineering Services of Zurich (Switzerland) to manage and supervise the project.
Electrowatt set up offices in Manila and became responsible for extension studies of the system which
eventually comprised 150 km of routes along all major corridors in about 20 years.

Figure 3. LRT Line 2

The Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2, also known as LRT Line 2, LRT-2, or Megatren, is a
rapid transit line in Metro Manila in the Philippines, generally running in an east-west direction along the
Radial Road 6 and a portion of the Circumferential Road 1. Although operated by the Light Rail Transit
Authority, resulting in its being called "LRT-2", it is actually a heavy rail, rapid transit system owing to its
use of electric multiple units instead of the light rail vehicles used in earlier lines and is the only line
utilizing such type of system in the country. Envisioned in the 1970s as part of the Metropolitan Manila
Strategic Mass Rail Transit Development Plan, the eleven-station, 13.8-kilometer (8.6 mi) line was the
third rapid transit line to be built in Metro Manila when it started operations in 2003. It is operated by the
Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA), a government-owned and controlled corporation attached to the
Department of Transportation (DOTr) under an official development assistance scheme.

Serving close to 200,000 passengers daily, LRT-2 is the least busy among Metro Manila's three
rapid transit lines, and was built with standards such as barrier-free access and the use of magnetic card
tickets to facilitate passenger access in mind. Total ridership however is significantly below the line's built

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 Figure 4. LRT Line 2 Map

maximum capacity, with various solutions being proposed or implemented to increase ridership in
addition to the planned extensions to the line. In addition, it has eleven stations: Recto, Legarda, Pureza,
V. Mapa, J. Ruiz, Gilmore, Betty Go, Cubao, Anonas, Katipunan, and Santolan. Also, The LRT-2 East
Extension Project is a 4-km extension project from the present Santolan Terminal in Marikina City up to
Masinag in Antipolo, Rizal which will add (2) additional stations from the present 11 stations: the Emerald
& Masinag Stations. Furthermore, maintenance of the system is outsourced to Telefonica STIV Pacific
Autre Potre Technology Global Inc. (TSPA) since June 16, 2007.

Figure 5. Organizational Chart

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 Day-to-day management of the Authority is handled by the Administrator with assistance from 2
Deputy Administrators, 5 departments (Planning, Finance, Administrative, Line 1 Operations and
Engineering and Line 2 Operations and Maintenance), and 4 offices (Internal, Audit, Public Relations,
Civil Security and Project Management).

Board of Directors
Formulates Policies, prescribes and promulgates the rules and regulations for the attainment of the
objectives of the Authority.

Office of the Corporate Board Secretary

 Repository of minutes of board meetings and other deliberations/transactions of the Board of
Directors;
 Prepares Board Resolution, Corporate Secretary Certificate and others;
 Coordinates with various departments for Board actions that will be acted upon when necessary;
 Attends Board Management and Executive Committee Meetings and records the deliberation; reviews
transcripts of deliberations, letters, reports and other forms of correspondence; and
 Coordinates with the members of the Board Members Management/Executive Committee Members
for the schedule of activities and meetings.

Internal Audit Department

 Advises the Board of Directors on all matters relating to management control and operations audit;
 Review and appraise systems and procedures/processes, organizational structure, assets
management practices, financial and management records, reports and performance standards of
the agencies/units covered;
 Analyze and evaluate management deficiencies and assist top management by recommending
realistic courses of action; and
 Conduct management and operations audit of LRTA activities and determine the degree of
compliance with their mandate, policies, government regulations, established objectives, systems and
procedures and contractual obligations.

Office of the Administrator

 Formulates and recommends to the LRTA Board the plans and policies related to the
administration/management and operation of the existing LRT Lines 1 and 2 Systems and the future
LRT/MRT Systems;
 Implements, enforces, and applies the policies, plans, standards, guidelines, procedures, decisions,
rules and regulations issued, prescribed or adopted by the LRTA, DOTC and the Office of the
President;
 Manages the affairs of LRTA in accordance with applicable laws, orders, rules and regulations;
Spearheads the conduct/execution of studies concerning the expansion of the LRT System's network
and other related development requirement in consultation and coordination with appropriate
agencies;
 Spearheads the conduct of periodic performance, operational and financial audit to ensure the
effective and efficient use of resources in the accomplishment of tasks and the achievement of goals
and objectives of the Authority;
 Oversees the enforcement and implementation of safety and security rules and regulations set by the
Authority; and

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 Plans, develops and conducts public relations programs and activities of the Authority.

Legal Department
 Acts as legal consultant/legal counsel and gives legal advice on official matters;
 Represents the Agency, the Administrator and other officials of the Authority in civil or criminal cases
arising from the performance of official duties before the court/administrative bodies/tribunals;
 Conducts legal research work and studies on legal queries and renders opinion on such matters;
 Reviews and recommends approval of contracts entered into by the Authority; and
 Reviews/undertakes drafting of proposed rules, regulations, orders, circulars and other regulatory
measures regarding operational activities of the Authority.

Planning Department
Oversees the identification and development of necessary information systems, and medium and long
term plans and policies the LRTA. Provides direct information to Management a status report of ongoing
projects plans and programs.

Business Development and Public Relations Department

Takes charge of property leasing, concessions management and operation of all LRT commercial areas
and other LRTA properties with business development potential and handles the promotion and
implementation of the public information program of the Authority to increase public awareness of LRT
programs and projects.

Office of the Deputy Administrator for Administrative, Finance and Automated Fare Collection Systems
Oversees
Oversees, directs and exercises immediate supervision over the following functional areas: a)
Administrative b) Finance c) Planning d) Automated Fare Collection System
 Advises and assists the Administrator in the formulation and implementation of rules and regulations
necessary to carry out the objectives and policies of the Authority concerning Administrative, Finance,
Planning and Automated Fare Collection System;
 Develops, recommends and manages the implementation of operating plans, policies and strategies
to ensure efficiency and effectiveness;
 Conducts/manages consultations and meetings with different Department Managers and Key Officials
under its supervision; and
 Provides technical assistance to the Administrator and the LRTA Board as may be requested.

Finance Department
Supervises and recommends financial policies, short-term and long-term financial plans and programs,
systems and procedures and oversees its implementation upon approval by the Board.

Administrative Department
Supervises and Monitors policy making and implementation with regard to human relations, development
and management and procurement. Administers health services to the Authority and provides first-aid
treatment to passengers in case of accidents.

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Automated Fare Collection Systems (AFCs) Services Department
Supervises ticket sales and production, ticket sorting and encoding using Ticket Sorting and Issuing
Equipment (TSIE) for Line 1 and Encoder Sorter machine for Line 2 (ES).

Office of the Deputy Administrator for Operations and Engineering

Oversees, directs and exercises immediate supervision over the following functional areas: a) Line 1
Operations b) Line 2 Operations c) Lines 1 & 2 Engineering.
 Advises and assists the Administrator in the formulation and implementation of rules and regulations
necessary to carry out the objectives and policies of the Authority concerning operations and
engineering;
 Develops, recommends and manages the implementation of operating plans, policies and strategies
to ensure efficiency and effectiveness;
 Conducts/manages consultations and meetings with different Department Managers and Key Officials
under its supervision; and
 Provides technical assistance to the Administrator and the LRTA Board, as may be requested.

Line 1 Operations Department

Oversees the safe and efficient train service in Line 1 System, proper implementation of fare collection,
including refund procedures. Monitors, controls and/or coordinates train movements, rail vehicles and
maintenance work on the line facilities.

Line 2 Operations Department

Provides safe and efficient train service in the Line 2 System. Implements fare collection, including refund
procedures. Monitors, controls and/or coordinates train movements, rail vehicles and maintenance work
on the line facilities.

Line 1 and 2 Engineering Department

Coordinates with the maintenance contractor regarding activities related thereto and oversees the proper
implementation of policies on the rolling stock of Lines 1 and 2 and its electronic equipment.

Mandate
By virtue of Executive Order No. 603 dated July 12, 1980, the Light Rail Transit Authority was
created to be primarily responsible for the construction, operation, maintenance and/or lease of LRT
Systems in the Philippines.

Company Vision
The recognized leader and expert in providing integrated urban rail transport systems of the
country by 2022.

Company Mission
To enhance people mobility and provide world class light rail transport systems with continued
promotion of gender equality and accessibility policies in its performance and commitment to excellence
in service.

Core Values
 Resilience

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  Integrity
 Professionalism
 Excellence

Quality Policy
We commit to achieve excellence to meet the increasing demands for LRT systems and related
services through continual improvement of our QMS and satisfaction of applicable legal requirements.

Company Strategy

The Authority has outlined the key goals, strategic priorities, and proposed actions that guide
management in directing its human, financial, and physical resources while maximizing opportunities for
continued improvement.

Key Goals
 Fast, Safe, Reliable, and Environmental-Friendly Mass Rail Transport System
 Financially Sustainable LRTA
 Customer-Focused LRTA
 Adequate, Sufficient, Operational and Reliable Physical Resources for LRTA
 Caring Organization

Strategic Priorities
 Construction of Expansion or Extension Lines in accordance with the Medium-Term Investment
Program
 Improvement/Rehabilitation/Enhancement of Existing, Old and Deteriorating Assets and Facilities
 Formulation of Standard Operating Procedures for all Functional Areas of the LRTA
 ISO Certification
 Effective Financial Management
 Fast Track Implementation of Organization Restructuring or Rationalization Program
 LRTA Charter Change and Financial Restructuring
 Enhancement of Safety and Security Programs
 Customer-Focused Programs
 Information and Communication Technology Enhancement Programs
 Research and Development Activities
 Promote Employee Benefits and Incentives

B. Inclusive Dates of Training

The On-the-Job Training taken at Light Rail Transit Authority under TSPA’s Electronics
Department Laboratory Repair Section happened from April 18, 2018 to May 12, 2018 at Line 2 Depot,
Marcos Highway, Santolan, Pasig City. The training was 242 hours of work schedule including
orientation, lectures, hands-on activities, and written and practical examinations. Lunch break from 12:00
pm to 1:00 pm was excluded.

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 Table 1. Inclusive Dates of Training

Month Date Time-in/Time-out Duration

April 17, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
April 18, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
April 19, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
April 20, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
April 21, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
April 22, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
April 23, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
April 2018
April 24, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
April 25, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
April 26, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
April 27, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
April 28, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
April 29, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
April 30, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
May 2, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
May 3, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
May 4, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
May 5, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
May 6, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
May 2018 May 7, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
May 8, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
May 9, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
May 10, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
May 11, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours
May 12, 2018 6:00 am – 6:00 pm 11 hours

C. Names of Personnel (Supervisor, Liaison Officer, Training Officers/Instructors, etc.) Involved in

the Training Program with their Respective Designations

1. Engr. Vernie Virgilio N. Sudario

- Principal Electronics Engineer, LRTA
2. Engr. Pelomino S. Palomique
- Head, Electronics Department
3. Engr. Adrian S. Candalan
- Quality Engineer, Telecommunications Section
4. Mr. Ernesto A. Penilla Jr.
- Head, Laboratory Repair Section
5. Mr. Rodrigo V. Peduche
- Supervisor, Laboratory Repair Section
6. Mr. Artemio B. Castillo
- Supervisor, Laboratory Repair Section
7. Mr. Benildo E. Bacus
- Supervisor, Telecommunications
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8. Mr. Nelson C. Uy
- Maintenance Engineer, Laboratory Repair Section
9. Mr. Jonathan M. Pailanan
- Maintenance Engineer, Telecommunications Section
10. Mr. Michael R. Lopez
- Leadman, Laboratory Repair Section
11. Mr. James R. Hilario
- Leadman, Laboratory Repair Section
12. Mr. Eric P. Agustin
- Technician, Laboratory Repair Section
13. Mr. Marco A. Sandoval
- Technician, Laboratory Repair Section
14. Mr. Jimmy B. Sandoval
- Technician, Laboratory Repair Section
15. Mr. Reynald B. Setenta
- Technician, Telecommunications Section
16. Mr. Elgin M. Geradela Jr.
- Technician, Signaling Section
17. Mr. Marshall M. Ponce
- Technician, Signaling Section
18. Mr. Anthony S. Solito
- Technician, Signaling Section
19. Ms. Maria Cecilia D.C. Serrano
- Trainee Technician, Laboratory Repair Section
20. Mr. Eduardo C. Zaraspe
- Safety Officer, Safety Office Section

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 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF
THE TRAINING PROGRAM
 II. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE TRAINING PROGRAM

A. Objectives

1. General
To acquire a summer internship in the Electronics Engineering field that will allow me to gain
industry-related skills in multidisciplinary settings as well as to utilize my problem solving and critical
thinking skills in the mentioned training program.

2. Specific
 To showcase my analytical and critical thinking skills in troubleshooting and testing equipment,
circuit boards, and electronic devices
 To be familiar in the equipment and tools used in the operation and maintenance of the train in
relation with Electronics Engineering
 To understand the kind of technology implemented inside the company and assimilate learned
technology to increase my knowledge in various areas related to my chosen program
 To utilize this training program as an avenue to acquire various real life trends with respect to
those who have worked within my line of specialization
 To use this training program as an opportunity to discover the accepted Filipino-desired and
industry-desired values in a company

B. Schedule/Timetable

For the duration of the On-the-Job Training, the schedule was followed by the trainee. The total
number of hours per week is 66 hours. In order to complete 242 hours within May 12, the trainee
conducted overtime sessions every 6:00 am to 9:00 am from Monday to Saturday.

Table 2. OJT Weekly Schedule

Morning Session Afternoon Session

Day
Time In Time Out Time In Time Out
Sunday ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Monday 6:00 am 12:00 pm 1:00 pm 6:00 pm
Tuesday 6:00 am 12:00 pm 1:00 pm 6:00 pm
Wednesday 6:00 am 12:00 pm 1:00 pm 6:00 pm
Thursday 6:00 am 12:00 pm 1:00 pm 6:00 pm
Friday 6:00 am 12:00 pm 1:00 pm 6:00 pm
Saturday 6:00 am 12:00 pm 1:00 pm 6:00 pm

C. Areas of Training

Equipment Maintenance. This is about performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining
when and what kind of maintenance is needed. This may either be corrective, shop, or preventive
maintenance.

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 Troubleshooting and Repair. This pertains to the method of tracing, correcting, and solving problems
related to the defective mechanical assembly and electronic board.

D. Reference Materials (e.g. Manuals, Textbooks, etc.) Used During the Training

Semiconductor Technical Guide and Cross Reference (Industrial, Consumer, Commercial, and
MRO Applications) (14th Edition) by NTE Electronic, Inc. This electronic component guide is designed
to give engineers, technicians, assistance in selecting NTE component best suited for their specific
application or circuit. If a device and the part number is known, the Cross Reference Section can be used
to locate an appropriate NTE replacement. Meanwhile, if the device number is unknown or not found,
Product Alphabetical Index can be used to locate the product line that best suits its use.

Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory (11th Edition) by Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky.
This offers students a complete, comprehensive survey, focusing on all the essentials they will need to
succeed in Electronics Engineering field. This highly accurate text is supported by strong pedagogy and
content that is ideal for new students of this rapidly changing field. The colorful layout with ample
photographs and examples enhances students’ understanding of important topics. This text is an
excellent reference work for anyone involved with electronic devices and other circuitry applications, such
as electrical and technical engineers.

Electronic Devices (Electron Flow Version) by Thomas L. Floyd. This provides a solid foundation in
basic analog electronics and a thorough introduction to analog integrated circuits and programmable
devices. The text identifies the circuits and components within a system, helping students see how the
circuit relates to the overall system function.

2013 LRTA Line 2 Signaling System Training Manual by TSPA. This training manual provides the
basic information o signaling system and general system operation (FS2550 Track Circuit System,
Automatic Train Operation Track Course, Automatic Train Control Onboard System, Interlocking
WESTRACE, Operation Control Center Hardware, Point Machine, MoviolaW, Passenger Information
Display, Route Indicator, and Track Circuit Interrupter).

LRTA Line 2 Telecom System Training Manual by TSPA. This training manual consists of theories
and operation of the equipment used in Telecommunications such as Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA), Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH), Private Automatic Branch Exchange
(PABX), Audio Paging System (APS), Trunk Radio System, On-Board Train Communications,
communication recorder, clock system, Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS), and closed circuit
television. In addition, this also explains the system introduction and maintenance (preventive, corrective,
and troubleshooting and repair) under the general system operation and theory.

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 COMPILED
WEEKLY/DAILY REPORTS
 III. COMPILED WEEKLY/DAILY REPORTS

A. Weekly and Daily Report for the Month of April 2018 to May 2018

1. Week 2 (from April 18, 2018 to April 21, 2018)

a. Weekly Report
b. Daily Report
c. Rubrics

2. Week 3 (from April 23, 2018 to April 28, 2018)

a. Weekly Report
b. Daily Report
c. Rubrics

3. Week 4 (from April 30, 2018 to May 5, 2018)

a. Weekly Report
b. Daily Report
c. Rubrics

4. Week 5 (from May 7, 2018 to May 12, 2018)

a. Weekly Report
b. Daily Report
c. Rubrics

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PERSONAL EVALUATION OF
THE TRAINING PROGRAM
 IV. PERSONAL EVALUATION OF THE TRAINING PROGRAM

A. Reaction Paper by the Trainee to Include Comments on the Following Areas:

1. Professional Learning and Development Achieved

Time Management. One of the significant things that I have learned is effective time
management. This is most evident in my attendance sheet since I was able to complete my OJT
without a late record. During the OJT program, I used to wake up early, usually around 4:30 am, to
prepare for my personal necessities. With this, I was able to make it in LRTA before 6:00 am. In
addition to that, I used to give time for my daily reports during one-hour lunch break. In this instance,
I only had to do minor corrections in the evening. Not to mention, aside from school documentation,
I also had accomplishment reports to do for LRTA. Basically, this habit allowed me to maximize my
sleeping hours and gather enough energy for the daily activities. With respect to the daily activities,
I used to ask my superiors for the day’s agenda. This helped me a lot in allocating my time for
troubleshooting and other LRS-related activities.

Stress Management. As mentioned earlier, I had a lot of paperwork to do for school and LRTA
documentation. At the same time, I had to be alert and attentive during the training days. To do this,
I used to get enough rest and sleep and practice time management. I made time for my hobbies and
relaxation to counteract the effects of stress. I also sought for social support from my friends. In
relation to my training, I controlled my emotions whenever I fail and accepted the events that I cannot
control to avoid stress.

Teamwork. I had an opportunity to work in a team to achieve a common goal and complete a
task in the most effective and efficient way. For instance, when I was grouped with Morante to
troubleshoot the DC ballast, I did the testing of the individual components since he is more skilled in
soldering than me. Also, in the static inverter contactor troubleshooting, Castillo and I did the circuit
troubleshooting while Mokamad and David inspected the equipment for visible defects. In these two
activities, we were able to finish the task given by our superiors smoothly.

Interpersonal Skills. Being in a classroom is truly different from being in a workplace. When
I had my first day of training, I was shy and timid since I was not used to interact with older people.
As the day went by, I was able to get along with them and we were able to accomplish tasks together.
A barrier was removed within me that allowed me to build harmonious relationship with the people
in LRS.

2. Modern Techniques, Skills, and Tools Used/Learned

During my training in LRTA, I learned some of the advanced equipment, software, and
processes used and implemented in Signaling and Telecommunications. I was not able to handle
and operate them since these equipment are complex and expensive.

Telecommunications System. The telecommunications system in LRT Line 2 is composed

of SCADA, SDH, PABX, APS, Trunked Radio System, Onboard Communication System,
communication recorder, and clock system.

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 The rail SCADA system monitors and controls the traction power rectifier substations, station
substations, fire alarms, escalators, elevators, and other electrical/mechanical system at stations and
communications alarms. It is a computer base system with the master station at the control center
and RTU at station, substation (RSS), WSS and depot provide supervisory control and centralized
monitoring of LRTA facilities. In addition, it is a highly-integrated computer based system and is
configured in hierarchal structure, CMS, Data Concentrator (Bridge) and the RTU’s. Data
Concentrator serves as a gateway to CMS and RTU. The CMS will provide the operator with a tool
for monitoring and controlling the system wide elements for power and infrastructure control. The
supervised equipment includes power supply network (HT & TRACTION) RSS, Station E&M,
electrical service system, UPS system, battery and charger, escalator and elevator, radio
communication and alarm, fire and intrusion alarm, temperature, and CCTV. All these component
are linked into a redundant ETHERNET LAN.

RTU is a front-end processor that serves as an input/output interface between the system and
SCADA. RTU communicates with the Data Concentrator using RS 485 communication protocol over
FOTL. RTUs are located at TER depot and station, RSS and WSS. Meanwhile, Data Concentrator
(Bridge) sends and receives data to/from RTU’s over FOTL and communicates with CMS main
server over ETHERNET, LAN, and CMS main server. This will collect and send data to the RTU
through the data concentrator with SCADA central work station. RTUs are PLC-based
microcontroller-brand Schneider Momentum (PLC).

SDH is used on radio relay links, satellite links, and at critical interfaces between equipment.
It is a standard for telecommunications transport formulated by ITU. It defines STM for fiber optic-
based transmission hierarchy.

The telephone system work includes new outside plant (OSP) cable. The cables are
terminated at the Main Distribution Frame (TER Depot). The end side is terminated at the Local
Distribution Box (LDB) for every building in the depot complex. All the station telephones are
connected at the main EPABX LDB. The FOTL provide point to point link between the telephones to
the EPABX. The wayside telephones are also connected to the respective station MDF.

APS provides coverage for public area at the station platform and concourse level (in station).
In the depot, the coverage includes Maintenance Building, MOW and cafeteria. Also, The TAITNET
System is the central infrastructure and control equipment for the wide area trunked radio network.

Trunking is based on the premised that if 100 users are sharing a certain communication
network, only ten users will certainly use the network at any one time. Trunk lines are telephone lines
that run between telephone exchanges and different from the line that runs to your house. If you call
from your telephone exchange, the switching equipment at your exchange assigns your call a trunk
line that runs to the other exchange. Line Dispatcher Terminal is an equipment connected to the
node and the DAS and functions as the communications center for one or more fleets of radios using
the network. It provides additional capabilities such as include calls, call patching and dynamic
regrouping. Meanwhile, Network Management Terminal can provide summary information on all the
sites in the network. It enables the network operator to monitor, configure and control the operation
of the trunking system, and to manage the subscribers of the system. The software runs in the
background and retrieves call records from then node.

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 There are three types of antenna combining system used in LRTA. Receiver multi-coupler is
an antenna in which the input signal is split into multiple output signals to provide an antenna signal
for each of the receivers at the site. A combination of resistive splitters is used to provide the required
number of outputs. The multi-coupler used this project has 8 output port, each providing a feed for a
single receiver. Unused ports are terminated with 50 Ω loads to avoid any mismatch to other ports.
Output splitting is achieved using resistive splitters which provide isolation between their ports.
Splitting losses are compensated for using amplifiers contained within the receiver multi-coupler. The
transmitter combiner is composed of all power amplifiers on the site are connected to ports on a
ferrite hybrid transmitter combiner having 11.5 dB loss/port. An unbalanced ferrite hybrid design will
be used to combine all power amplifier outputs to a common antenna port. This design ensures that
the combining losses for each channel are approximately the same. Duplexer permits transmission
and reception simultaneously using a single antenna. The output port of the transmitter combiner
and the input port of the receiver multi-coupler are each connected to their respective ports on the
duplexer. The duplexer provides combining of transmitter signals and receiver signals onto a
common antenna.

TOCP provides the train operator with voice communication link to extension, devices, next
station announcement, data interface to train monitoring system and audio voice in interface to the
train mobile radio. This handles passenger emergency calls to the PEIU, allows cab to cab
communication between operators of the lead and end cabs, and allows audio communication over
the train mobile radio, etc.

The clock system in LRT Line 2 works as follows: GPS antenna receives time and date signal
from satellites; information is sent through GPS receiver to Master Time Center; master clock
receives time data and updates its modules; time information is transmitted using different format to
external devices; and slave clocks and subsystems are updated next.

Signaling System. The signaling system in LRT Line 2 is designed to provide the means of
operating an intensive passenger service, incorporating the highest degree of safety and reliability,
while having the greatest system flexibility to deal with traffic density variations with the minimum of
manual supervision. The following are the equipment and systems used in Signaling Section:

 Front End Communication is used for communication between WESTRACES.

 CTC Servers are computers that store and process in real-time all the states of the elements
controlled by WESTRACES.
 WESTRACE Electronic Interlocking Equipment is a fail-safe system of the modular type,
microprocessor-based. It executes a single program that provides safety, based on the principle
of diversity, and it can be set up according to the type of station to be serviced.
 ATP is the system in charge of ensuring the traffic safety, preventing eventual collisions, rear-end
collisions, overruns etc. due to an incorrect operation on the part of the driver.
 ATO gives concrete solutions to the habitual problems that are presented in the operation of a
metropolitan rain line, such as necessity of increase the commercial speed, bigger traffic
frequency, easiness for the regulation of train moves from OCC, the coasting with the rising
energy saving, help to train driving, etc.
 Electric Point Machine is a mechanical device used to change/switch the position of rails.
 Point Indicators display the position of Point Machine in either normal or reverse direction.

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  Signal Indicators are installed at Depot Stabling Area only. It displays a yellow light which means
“track open” and red light means “complete stop”.
 Route Indicator displays the designation of trains in Depot.
 MoviolaW enhances the diagnostic and maintenance facilities of the WESTRACE, also, helping
to recover the incidence's history.
 Local Control Panel locally controls the Electric Point Machine in specific area.
 Passengers Information Display shows the train arrival in stations and other information from
OCC.
 Transmitter generates a modulated carrier waveform that is fed into the rails at the exit end of the
track circuit to provide a track-unoccupied signal to the receiver.
 Receiver carries out series of checks on the incoming signal from the rails.
 Tachogenerators provide the ATP and ATO units with information about the train’s direction of
movement and speed.
 Driver Interface Unit sends and receives information to control the devices in the Driving Console.

Fiber Optic Cable Stripping, Cleaving, and Fusion Splicing. Stripping is the act of removing
the protective polymer coating around optical fiber in preparation for fusion splicing. The splicing
process begins by preparing both fiber ends for fusion, which requires that all protective coating is
removed or stripped from the ends of each fiber. Moreover, there are mechanical tools used for
stripping fiber which are similar to copper wire strippers.

Fiber optic cleaving is one of the several processes in the preparation for a fiber splice
operation. The purpose of cleaving is to prepare the end of the fiber so that it makes a very nearly
perfect right angle with the body of the fiber and that this end face is nearly perfectly smooth. With a
well-performed cleaving operation, a clean and flat end face was created perpendicular to the length
of the fiber, with no protruding glass on either end. Besides, it can also help to achieve a successful
low loss splice of an optical fiber.

Fusion splicing is the act of joining two optical fibers end-to-end using heat enabling very low
loss light. The goal is to fuse the two fibers together in such a way that light passing through the
fibers is not scattered or reflected back by the splice, and so that the splice and the region
surrounding it are almost as strong as the virgin fiber itself. The source of heat is usually an electric
arc, but can also be a laser, or a gas flame, or a tungsten filament through which current is passed.

3. Equipment, Machinery, Testing Apparatus, etc. Handheld

I learned how to use the fiber optic fusion machine or fusion splicer. This is an automatic
machine used to weld (fuse) two optical fibers together by an electric arc. This provides lowest
insertion loss and virtually no back reflection. Moreover, this offers the most reliable joint between
the two fibers.

In addition, I also used mechanical cleaver, which is widely-used because it produces nicer
and more repeatable cleaves to avoid losses due to lateral displacement, angular displacement,
imperfect finish surface, and gap alignment. This cleaver is much easier to use and training is not
essential. This tool is similar to a puncher. A person needs to merely clamp the fiber in the correct
position into the cleaver. A force is then applied and the fiber gives a nice break at the scribe.

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 In troubleshooting and repairing defective devices equipment, circuit boards, and devices
including the DC ballast, power supply unit, power supple module, static inverter contactor, and air
conditioning control unit, I used equipment such as regulated DC power supply, SMD rework
station, digital and analog multimeters, and variac. Although I had seen variac before, my first
experience of using it was during my training.

4. Experiences with the Company Personnel Involved in the Training

My superiors are professional and passionate when it comes to work. They have positive work
attitude and initiative to get things done right away. In addition, I learned a lot from them throughout
my OJT period. Each of them left a mark in my individuality as an Electronics Engineering student.

Despite of being strict, Mr. Peduche wanted me to learn a lot. He was also very concerned of
me by regularly asking my superiors about the things that I did and I am doing. Whenever he noticed
something amiss, he immediately corrected it. In addition, whenever I had free time, he always tried
to increase my knowledge in electronic theories by asking me random questions about diodes, power
supply operation, BJT, FET, MOSFET, AC and DC analysis, as well as how they operate. There was
a time when I forgot the answers and he immediately reminded me of them. He even stays with me
in some of my troubleshooting activities. By constantly asking me about our work activities, I was
able to identify electronic components easily like resistor values in such a short span of time. Lastly,
he was the one who gave the theoretical written exam.

Mr. Bacus provided lecture to us about telecom system, TOCP, SCADA, RTU (AI, DI, and
DO), SDH and fiber optics. Before we proceeded to the next topic during lecture, he used to ask us
if we understand everything that he taught up to that point. During lecture, he provides lots of
examples and scenarios in practical sense. I admit that his lectures can become difficult to digest,
but he makes it easy for the students by providing an interesting and easy explanation. As someone
who is always curious about things, I asked many questions to him and he answered them in a way
that I could easily understand. Furthermore, he is a good speaker and can attract the attention of his
listeners easily.

Mr. Pailanan demonstrated his passion in teaching when we had our fiber optic cable splicing
lesson. Even with us in a group, he took the time to teach us one-by-one and see how we are doing.
He is very approachable. He also insisted us to never give up despite of the challenges brought by
splicing. Moreover, he used positive reinforcement to aid us and become better in the things that we
were doing.

Mr. Lopez, Mr. Sandoval, and Mr. J. Sandoval accompanied us when we were
troubleshooting. Even though they did not participate in lectures, they proceeded to guide us
whenever they encounter us making mistakes during troubleshooting. They are also approachable.
They answered my questions whenever I did not know what to do. They encouraged us to ask
because when troubleshooting fails, it will just cause more damage to the electronic components
and equipment. Lastly, they valued our safety during troubleshooting especially when there were
capacitors involved.

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 Mr. Hilario and Mr. M. Sandoval were our main tutors when troubleshooting and lecture
sessions. They have the most knowledge and experience in LRS because of their continuous
research towards their profession. Just like other people in the department section, they are also
very approachable. They taught us how to solder and desolder properly. They also gave us
numerous helpful tips when troubleshooting. These two people are whom we have learned the most
during this whole OJT semester. Lastly, they were the ones who provided our actual hands-on
examination.

When Mr. Hilario and Mr. M. Sandoval were not around, I used to approach Ms. Serrano to
ask my inquiries. It would be correct to say that she served as my second source for the answers
that I needed to my questions. Even though she is still young and around my age, she is reliable
enough to provide tips and techniques with regards to troubleshooting. She is kind-hearted, friendly,
approachable, and unhesitant in sharing her knowledge based on her own experience. During the
times when I failed, she encouraged me to stay strong and learn from my mistakes since she already
experienced all of these struggles and overcame them eventually.

Mr. Setenta, Mr. Geradela, Mr. Ponce, and Mr. Solito served as our tutors regarding the
activities done in the Signaling and Telecommunications Section. Even when were assigned to a
different section, they still taught us and shared their knowledge nonetheless. They did not mind at
all when I asked them many questions in succession. Nevertheless, they are very approachable and
very professional-looking.

Aside from their passion in their work and to impart knowledge, they truly do not forget to
practice honesty, importance of family and frugality.

5. Best Practices Used/Applied

During my training, I was taught how to perform the different types of maintenance. These are
shop maintenance, corrective maintenance, and preventive maintenance.

Shop Maintenance. This type of maintenance is also known as periodic maintenance. This
consists of elementary tasks which includes cleaning, lubrication, retightening screws, etc. of an
equipment, circuit boards, and electronic devices. Brief training may be needed but substantial
training is not required. I was able to apply this type of maintenance in the static inverter contactor.

In LRS, they have tools including fitter swivel base vice, adjustable wrenches, Allen wrenches,
bench magnifying glass, claw hammers, combination-close wrenches, circlip pliers, files, flat screws,
long nose pliers, open-close wrenches, pen knifes, Philip screws, precision drill kit set, precision flat
screws, precision Philip screws, precision star screw set, ratchet set, ratchet sockets, side cutters,
socket wrenches, soldering irons, soldering suckers, star screws, tweezers, vise grips, voltage, and
wire stripper which they usually use to maintain the physical attributes of the equipment, circuit
boards, and electronic devices. Meanwhile, in cleaning and lubrication, the LRS employees
introduced to me the use of some chemical consumables and electronic contact cleaners from
Chemtronics:

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  Electro-Wash PX is a fast drying, one step precision cleaning and degreasing agent safe for most
plastics. Engineered with very low surface tension, this high pressure aerosol formulation flushes
areas clean and evaporates instantly leaving no residue. This is flammable, safe on plastics,
removes organic and ionic soils, utilizes all-way spray valve, offers extra cleaning strength, and
has a fast-drying feature. In addition, this removes oils and hydraulic fluids from mechanical
assemblies, cleans handling soils from circuitry before assembly, removes grease from assembly
lines, and cleans fiber optic connectors.

 Pow-R-Wash CZ electronics contact cleaner is a highly effective nonflammable solvent cleaner

for electrical and electronic contacts and assemblies. This non-ozone depleting solvent system
utilizes Cirozane, Chemtronics’ unique HFE technology, to quickly remove oils, oxides, and other
contaminants from metal contacts. Cirozane Contact Cleaner is specially engineered to restore
and improve electrical continuity on energized equipment. It is nonflammable, safe on plastics,
dries fast, and leaves no residue. Moreover, this removes oil, grease, and carbon dust, can be
used on energized equipment, and is ideal for use on sensitive plastics.

 Static Free Plast-N-Glas effectively cleans, polishes and eliminates static charges. A single
application dissipates electrostatic buildup while also removing dirt, grease, ink, fingerprints and
nicotine stains. Static Free Plast-N-Glas will not streak, smear, scratch, or abrade. Leaves
surfaces thoroughly clean for improved optical clarity and distortion-free reading. It is compatible
with plastics, glass, and stainless steel, ideal for optical surfaces, controls static, cleans, and
polishes in one application, effectively removes handling oils, finger soils, and nicotine stains, and
prevents attraction of dust and dirt. Furthermore, this is used for cleaning computer monitors and
housings, removing handling soils from precision glassware, and maintaining cleanliness of
observation windows on production equipment.

Aside from the aforementioned chemical consumables, LRS also use lubricants, adhesives,
thread-locking fluid, stain remover, etc. Normally, in performing shop maintenance, it is unavoidable
to have dirty hands. With this, waterless hand cleaners are initially used to gently clean and disinfect
hands from harmful chemicals or pathogens lingering in the equipment.

Corrective Maintenance. This type of maintenance has set of tasks that is destined to correct
the defects to be found in the different equipment and that are communicated to the maintenance
department by users of the same equipment. For instance, the troubleshooting I did to the defective
DC ballast, power supply unit, power supple module, static inverter contactor, and air conditioning
control unit falls under this category.

Preventive Maintenance. This type of maintenance aims to maintain a level of certain service
on equipment, programming the interventions of their vulnerabilities in the most opportune time. It is
used to be a systematic character, that is, the equipment is inspected even if it has not given any
symptoms of having a problem.

6. Discipline Related Solutions Integrated into the Company

The company uses the following ECE-related solutions in Laboratory Repair, Signaling and
Telecommunications Sections when solving a problem:

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 Proficiency and Mastery of Fundamental Electronic and Communications Concepts,
Theories, and Principles. They identify complex problems and review related information to
develop and evaluate options and implement solutions by using their knowledge in concepts,
theories, and principles in the field of Electronics and Communications. They also use logic reasoning
to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to
problems.

Circuit Analysis. They have a deep understanding of how circuits work. This includes the process
of finding the current and voltages in a network of connected components.

Instrumentation and Electrical Measurements. They read and manipulate electrical instruments
expertly. Testing electrical currents and how different components react to one another is a critical
part of both repairing old devices and creating new ones. Too little electrical current and a circuit
might not work, too much and it could explode, catch fire or melt.

Repairing and Troubleshooting Skills. This includes determining the causes of operating errors
and deciding what to do about it. Repairing basically means fixing machines or systems using the
needed tools.

7. Strong Points

According to my superiors, I am excellent in theoretical concepts and critical thinking. There

was a time that when we were troubleshooting, I was able to answer my supervisor’s question
regarding the operation and abnormalities of the electronic devices and equipment accurately. This
was because I read a lot during my training.

8. Weak Points and Suggested Solutions

One of my weaknesses is with regards to the hands-on related activities. Mr. Peduche once
told me that I work slowly compared to my co-OJT trainees. In addition, I always need someone to
hold something for me. For instance, I need assistance in desoldering components. If I have to work
by myself, it would take me a long time to finish the task. Also, I still find it hard to use tools and
equipment since I lack enough force and I am not familiar with their proper uses. When we dismantled
100 units of power supplies, I got myself injured when I tried cutting the wires with large diameter.

To aid my weaknesses, I will practice myself in my aforementioned limits. In this way, I could
be able to do hands-on related activities efficiently and effectively. I know that it is not enough to
know the concepts behind a thing. Having the ability to do the application is way more superior.

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RECOMMENDATIONS
 V. RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Potential of the Company as a Training Ground

1. Availability and Appropriateness of Facilities, Equipment, and Machinery

All facilities in LRTA/TSPA are well-lit, well-ventilated, and well-secured. Most importantly, the
machineries and equipment used in all department sections are maintained, inspected, and cleaned
everyday to ensure that they operate well.

In Laboratory Repair Section, they have a lot of electronic tools and devices used to
troubleshoot and repair defective devices and equipment. There was no time in my training that I
used something as an alternative. However, I used to bring my own digital multimeter since we were
seven who would use and only one is available. I understand this case since they use Fluke 187 and
this costs more than ten thousand pesos. It is not practical to spend that much money if there are
things that are worth buying. Aside from that, they rarely use the digital multimeters since they also
consider analog multimeters. Even though I have the same brand of digital multimeter (Fluke 175), I
still considered using theirs back then since it has more features. With regards to the semi-monthly
supplies, everything is always available and provided by either LRTA or TSPA. For instance, they do
not apply a little amount of electronic contact cleaner to the circuit boards just to save it and make it
last longer. Instead, they consume the laboratory supplies, especially the chemical consumables and
electronic contact cleaner, in a sufficient manner but not to its extent. With respect to the equipment
used in testing the devices (e.g. regulated power supply, SMD rework station, digital and analog
VOM, and variac), they serve their purposes efficiently.

In Telecommunications and Signaling Section, there are many equipment stored in a

temperature ranging from 19˚C to 21˚C. This is done to maintain the operation of these equipment.
However, I was not satisfied with the availability of tools when we did fiber optic stripping. In fact, I
removed the fourth layer of the fiber optic by using a scissor. With this, the external attribute of the
fiber was damaged, as gathered by the fiber optic fusion machine’s microscope. In addition, there
were some OJT trainees who were limited to observation when we conducted the said activity. Above
all, I recommend the company to have sufficient tools so that all OJT trainees can be accommodated.

2. Company Personnel Cooperation

All employees work in harmony and they care for everyone’s privacy to a respectable degree.
They work together and try to keep arguments to a minimum. They don’t compete with each other.
Instead, they help their subordinates learn what they need. Additionally, employees with higher
positions help their lower-level employees in performing new tasks. For instance, in LRS, Mr. Hilario
always helps Ms. Serrano in troubleshooting electronic equipment whenever she is unfamiliar with
it. There was also a time that I had observed that they were doing a big work. They divided the task
according to what they are good at. Furthermore, even though they are jolly people, they get serious
when working. Above all, I strongly suggest to continue what they are doing to continuously create
synergy, where a combined effect of the team is greater than the sum of the individual efforts.

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B. Duration of Training

Personally, I think that two hundred forty (240) hours of OJT work is enough to learn the principles
and fundamental concept that are practiced by Laboratory Repair Section, Signaling, and
Telecommunications. With this, I was not allowed to handle complicated circuit boards and expensive
equipment since I am not familiar with their in-depth operation and construction. Basically, what I learned
is just a glimpse of regular employee’s work. To learn at most half of what they know, I recommend to
extend this training program to at least 400 hours.

C. Suggestions for the Improvement of the Training Program

For the company, it would be better if the OJT trainees are assigned in the department section that
seems to be most related to their track in order for them to perform the task efficiently and effectively.
This will allow them to get more accustomed to their future work. In my case, I was assigned in the
Laboratory Repair Section in which students taking Power Electronics track would excel. In addition to
that, when we had a three-day tour in Telecommunications and Signaling Section, I was more interested
in the equipment and nature of work of the people there.

D. Advise to Future On-the-Job Trainees

I strongly suggest to the future interns to consider LRTA/TSPA as one of their choices in choosing
an internship company. Since Railway System is said to be the future public transportation of the people,
it is good if they would be educated earlier. The said company has vast machineries and equipment for
Signaling and Telecommunications. In addition to that, students taking Power Electronics and
Communications can apply here since they have Laboratory Repair Section, Signaling Section, and
Telecommunications Section. These sections start the OJT program by discussing the basic theories
even though the students already know them. The superiors always try to relate what the students
currently know to the additional information that they needed to acquire in order for them to fully
understand the principles used in the construction, operation, and maintenance of railway systems in
relation with Electronics Engineering. There may be no allowance, but as a compensation, LRTA ID
access for free train transportation are given to the students.

In the Laboratory Repair Section where I was assigned, they consider making arrangements for
overtime sessions and 6-day training per week before the training period. This is mainly the reason why
I was able to finish my OJT quickly. The students can also easily get the permission of the head of LRS
whenever they want to join the lectures and daily activities of Signaling and Telecommunications Section.
Meanwhile, in the OJT program itself, the employees are concern of how much the students learned
throughout the OJT program. They provide a technician training outline that serves as a guide as to what
is already accomplished or not. They even give examinations to test how much knowledge the student
acquired in lectures and hands-on activities. In addition, there was no time that I was left vacant for so
long. Moreover, do not forget to ask for supervision if necessary, especially in troubleshooting expensive
defective equipment.

With regards to the documents to be submitted, I recommend to the future OJT trainees to write
down the highlights of their daily activities and do the reports immediately at home. It was hard for me
when I failed to do it once since we used to do many activities in a single day. Lastly, I also suggest to
start the final written report as early as possible to finish the requirements immediately.
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APPENDICES
Appendices were removed in accordance to data privacy law