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Abstract: Renewable energy sources are published on this particular topic [3 - 6] and they
alternative energy source, can bring new have shown that generators embedded into the
challenges when it is connected to the power grid. distribution networks can significantly affect their
When the wind power is connected to an electric operation.There is a requirement for new protection
grid it affects the power quality. The effects of the practices in order to provide network protection
power quality measurements are the active power, against abnormal operating conditions, like
reactive power, variation of voltage, flicker, transients and islanding conditions. When making
harmonics, and electrical behaviour of switching decisions about new wind turbines placement the
operations. This paper presents a new approach of energy gain is not the only criteria to be considered
a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and during the planning phase; cost, efficiency, the
related fully-tuned (FT) branches based on an impact on the environment and the impact on the
inductive filtering method for a wind farm equipped electric grid are some of the most important issues.
with doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs). The
control strategy of STATCOM is introduced briefly There are currently three main issues: 1)
in this paper. Simulation studies are illustrate that harmonics generated by voltage source converter
(VSC)-based wind turbine generators flow through
the new approach can not only enhance the low- the wind farm transformer, harmonics will lead to a
voltage ride-through capability of wind turbines, serious effect on the grid-connected transformer,
but also significantly prevent harmonic components such as noise, loss, vibration, etc; 2) the output
flowing into the primary (grid) winding of the new power variation caused by the wind speed will lead
grid connected transformer. to voltage fluctuation; 3) the low-voltage ride-
through (LVRT) capability during fault conditions.
Keywords—Inductive filtering method, STATCOM; For the voltage stability problem, the reactive
grid connected system; wind farm compensation devices are usually applied to
compensate the reactive power that the wind farms
I. INTRODUCTION demanded, such as SVC, STATCOM and capacitor
banks [7]. Moreover, for the harmonic problem, the
There is no reason why wind power should not wind farms mainly adopt passive power filtering
(PPF) method to suppress the harmonic generated
become as important to the world's future energy
by the wind turbines [8]. However, its filtering
supply as nuclear power is today [2]. The question performance is easily affected by its own
that has to be asked is how wind power will affect parameters change. In addition, in order to avoid
the whole electrical grid, in particular the potential series/parallel resonance with the system
distribution network to which it is usually impedance, the passive filter usually adopts
connected to. The role of the distribution network detuned design, which means that the filtering
ability is limited to a certain degree. Unlike the
is to inter connect the generation and transmission
traditional topology of grid connected wind power
systems on one side and load centers on the second system with PPF method and dynamic reactive
side. Networks with such an arrangement are compensation method, this paper proposes a new
described as passive networks. However, the topology with an inductive filtering method [9].
integration of renewable energy sources into the This new system fully utilizes the filtering and
distribution networks transforms them from being reactive compensation ability of the transformer
passive to active networks. Many papers have been with related FT branches and STATCOM, thus
improves the power quality of wind farms.
The paper will investigate the new grid of the new grid connected transformer is
connected wind power system. The main circuit established as shown in Fig. 2, in which, the VSC-
topology of the new system is proposed in section based wind turbine generators can be regarded as
II, which contains a new grid connected the voltage source. The harmonic current in the
transformer, related FT branches and a grid winding, secondary winding and filtering
STATCOM; in section III, a mathematical model winding are the I1n, I2n and I3n respectively.
reflecting the harmonic distribution in grid
connected transformer is established to reveal the
mechanism of inductive filtering method; in
section IV, the reactive power compensation
characteristic is revealed briefly. In section V, the
transient simulation of a grid connected wind
power system in Digsient / Power factor is carried
out to verify the feasibility of theoretical analysis.
Finally, the conclusions will be given in section
VI.
=− (1)
Fig.1. Main circuit topology of the grid connected
wind power system =
Fig.1 shows the main circuit topology of the grid Moreover,the magnetic potential balance equation
connected wind power system. From this, it can be can be expressed as follows:
seen t is a 50 MW wind farm composed of 25
N1I1n + N2I2n+N3I3n = 0 (2)
double-fed induction generators (DFIGs), and each
DFIG has a rating of 2 MW. Each wind turbine is where N1, N2, N3 are the numbers of turns of the
connected to the wind farm internal 35 kV cable grid winding, the secondary winding and the
network via a 2.2 MVA, 0.69/35 kV transformer. filtering winding respectively. Then, according to
The wind farm is connected to the power grid by the theory of the multi-winding transformer, the
means of a new grid-connected transformer, which voltage transfer equations can be obtained:
has the grid winding, the secondary winding and
the filtering winding, respectively. The FT U − =− −
branches and STATCOM are connected to the
filtering winding of the new grid-connected
U − U =− Z I − Z I (3)
transformer. The point of common coupling (PCC)
voltage should be regulated at the 110 kV.
Where Z21nis the short-circuit impedance between
III. HARMONIC MODEL AND EQUIVALENT the secondary winding and the primary winding;
CIRCUIT MODEL Z23n is the short-circuit impedance between the
secondary winding and the filtering winding. They
To study the filtering mechanism of the inductive can be obtained by the transformer short-circuit
method, the single-phase equivalent circuit model test. Z2n is the equivalent impedance of the
secondary winding and can be calculated by the Taking the A-phase winding in Fig. 4 as an
short-circuit impedance, as shown in follows example, assume the secondary winding current Ia
lags the phase of the secondary winding voltage Ua
Z = (Z +Z − ) (4) by δ. Since the impedance of the FT branches is
capacitive for the fundamental, when we carry out
There are no harmonic current in the primary the FT branches and STATCOM, the phase current
winding of the new grid connected transformer, of the FT branches will lead 90º to the secondary
thus we can obtain U1n=0. According to the winding voltage Ua. In addition, the currents Ica
mathematic model, the current in the primary that the STATCOM injected lags the phase of the
winding of the new grid connected transformer can secondary winding voltage UA by 90º, also. Thus,
be expressed as we can obtain that the angle of the load-side I′a
(with the inductive filtering method and
STATCOM) lags the secondary winding voltage
=− (5)
Ua is smaller than δ. Hence, it is known that the FT
branches and STACOM have reactive power
From equation (5), it can be seen that as long as the
compensation ability in the secondary winding,
Z3n and Zfn approximately equal or equal zero, the
which means the FT branches and STATCOM can
condition of the inductive filtering method can be
improve the power quality of the wind farms.
satisfied. Thereby, there is no or few harmonic
current in the grid (primary) winding, which
reveals the filtering mechanism of the new grid
connected transformer and related FT branches.
Moreover, the special impedance design of the new
grid connected transformer can make the equivalent
impedance of the filtering winding (Z3n)
approximately equal zero .
In the new grid connected wind power system, FT B. Control Scheme of STATCOM
branches and STATCOM can support voltage
stability by compensating reactive power. The STATCOM and its controller are shown in
According to the current distribution in the new Fig. 5. It connects the filtering winding and can
grid connected transformer, as shown in Fig. 3, we improve transient stability of power grid (Vac).
can obtain the phasor diagram of the secondary
winding’s voltage and current of the new grid
connected transformer, as shown in Fig. 4.
V. SIMULATION RESULTS
B. Test 2: Three-phase Short Circuit at the Grid branches and STATCOM significantly reduces the
voltage fluctuations and improves the power
To investigate the effect of the STATCOM on the quality of the wind farm for grid connection.
dynamic reactive compensation performance of the
new grid connected wind power system, a three-
phase short circuit is applied for 0.2 s to the line 1
in Fig. 1 at t=1s. It is worth noting that the
protective system of the DFIG is disabled. Fig. 8
shows the magnitudes of the voltage at the PCC.
[2] Andersen, P.D., Global Perspectives for Wind inductive filtering method,” IEEE Trans. Power.
Power, Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Elect.,Vol 27, no. 5, pp: 2273-2282, May. 2012.
Conference (EWEC '99), March 1999, Nice,
France, p. 71 - 76. AUTHOR’S BIOGRAPHY
1
Dr.S.Sundeep, Associate
[3]Jenkins, N., ”Embedded generation”, Power Professor in Department of
Engineering Journal, June 1995, p.145 - 150. Electrical and Electronics
[4] Openshaw, D., “Embedded Generation in Engineering, Vignana
Distribution Networks: With Experience of UK Bharathi Institute of
Commerce in Electricity”; Wind Engineering, Vol. Technology, Jawaharlal
22, No. 4, 1998, p. 189 . 196. Nehru Technological
University Hyderabad,
[5] Paap, G.D., Teklu, D., Jansen, F., van der Sluis,
Hyderabad. He obtained his
L., “The Influence Of Large-Scale Dispersed
Masters from K L
CoGeneration On Short Circuits In Rural University and Doctorate
Networks”, Proceedings of the 15th International from JNT University Hyderabad, India. He has 25
Conference on Electricity Distribution (CIRED
technical papers to his credit in various
´99), June 1999, Nice, France. international and national journals and international
conferences. His Areas of interests are Power
[6]Craig, L.M., Davidson, M., Jenkins, N., Vaudin,
semiconductor drives and Artificial Intelligence,
A., “Intergration of Wind Turbines on Weak Rural
and special machines. He is a member of ISTE,
Networks”, Proceeding of the Opportunities and
Advances in International Power Generation, IACSIT etc.,
Conference Publication No. 419, March 1996,
p.164 . 167.
SEFAALLI2, is a graduating student in the
[7] D. Dhungana and R. Karki, “Data constrained department of Electrical and Electronics
adequacy assessment for wind resource planning,” Engineering in Vignana Bharathi Institute of
IEEE Trans. Sustrain. Energy.,Vol 6, no. 1, pp: Technology, Hyderabad. Her areas of Interests are
219-227, Jan. 2015. Power quality and Facts Devices.
[8] M. Zugno, P. Pinson and H. Madsen, “Impact M.RACHANA3, is a graduating student in the
of wind power generation on european cross- department of Electrical and Electronics
border power flows,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst.,Vol Engineering in Vignana Bharathi Institute of
28, no. 4, pp: 3566-3575, Nov. 2013. Technology, Hyderabad. Her areas of Interests are
Power quality and Facts Devices.
[9] L. Shun, Q. Hu and W. Lee, “A survey of
harmonic emissions of a commercially operated
wind farm,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.,Vol 48, no. 3,
pp: 1115-1123, May. 2012.