THE PARTS OF SPEECH

NOUN(PANGNGALAN)- A noun is generally defined as a person, place, or thing; however, ideas are also nouns. For example,
love is not a tangible thing that can be seen or held, but clearly it exists, so it is a also a noun.

Nouns can be divided into two main categories: proper nouns and common nouns. Proper nouns are the names of people or places
that are capitalized (Aims Community College, John Smith, etc.). Common nouns are names that do not require capitalization (book,
chair, school, etc).

VERB(PANDIWA)- A verb is a word that describes action or a state of being. The second part of this definition is important, as
many believe that verbs are always action words that can be visualized. This is true of action verbs: run, walk, play, jump, sing,
scream, etc.

However, there are also linking verbs, and these types of verbs do not express action; instead, they express identity, classification, or
existence. (The following are the most common linking verbs: is, am, was, were, are, and verb phrases ending in be, been, being.)

Verbs often change their form as different endings are added to them. These endings are changed to show a verb’s relationship to
time. This is referred to as verb tense.

PRONOUN(PANGHALIP)- A pronoun is a word that is used to replace a noun For example, instead of saying “Sam likes pizza” we
can use “He” as a substitute for Sam. Writers need to be careful with pronoun use, as pronouns should only be used after a noun
has been used first, and it must be clear which noun the pronoun is replacing.

ADJECTIVE(PANG-URI)- An adjective modifies (limits or describes) a noun or a pronoun. Essentially, it provides more information
about a person, place, or thing. For instance, in the sentence Frank is a tall, skinny man, both tall and skinny are adjectives as they
are used to describe Frank.

ADVERB(PANG-ABAY)- Similar to adjectives, an adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. In the sentence Susan
walked slowly towards the door, the word slowly serves as an adverb since it describes how she walked.

PREPOSITION(PANG-UKOL)- A preposition shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and some other word in the
sentence. This relationship is spatial, temporal, or directional. For instance, in the sentence Mark walked towards the house, the
word towards is a preposition since it shows direction. When linked with nouns or pronouns, prepositions create word groups
referred to as prepositional phrases. (In the previous example,towards the house is a prepositional phrase.)

CONJUNCTION (PANGATNIG)- Conjunctions are used to link words or parts of sentences together. There are four different types
of conjunctions: coordinating, subordinating, adverb, and correlative.

Coordinating conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) are used to connect similar words or independent clauses (sentences)
together. Coordinating conjunctions are often referred to with the acronym FANBOYS.

Subordinating conjunctions come at the beginning of subordinate clauses and are used to connect the subordinate clause to the
rest of the sentence (also referred to as the independent clause). Common subordinating conjunctions include after, as, although,
because, before, even though, if, once, rather than, since, that, though, unless, until, when, whenever, whereas, while.

Conjunctive adverbs are transitional words used to connect one sentence to another. Common conjunctive adverbs include
additionally, in addition, moreover, also, consequently, furthermore, otherwise, instead, for instance, for example, however, on the
other hand, conversely, nevertheless, accordingly, therefore, generally, in fact, in other words, in conclusion, finally.
Correlative conjunctions are a combination of a coordinating conjunction and another word (example: In the
sentence both John and I are having a hard time with the homework, both…and are the correlative conjunctions.)

INTERJECTION- An interjection is a word added to a sentence to convey emotion and is not grammatically related to any other part
of the sentence. Interjections can also serve as a single word sentence (ex: Wow!). Interjections are rarely used in academic writing
and their use should be avoided in most essays.