BACTERIOLOGY Santos enterics

E. coli - MILO

1. Gram staining test: Gram-negative short Klebsiella - CKLUV

rods/bacilli
2. Most abundant facultative anaerobe in colon
and faeces
3. Lactose fermenter (this property
distinguishes it from Salmonella and
Shigella-two most common intestinal
pathogen)
4. Antigenic properties: There are more than
1000 antigenic types of Escherichia coli.
a. O-Cell wall antigens (>150 types)
b. H- Flagellar antigen (>50 types)
c. K- capsular antigen (>90 types)
Colony Morphology
 EMB: Greenish metallic sheen
 Ferments lactose and produces pink
colonies on MacConkey Agar – (E.coli
O157:H7 does not ferment sorbitol, which
serves as an important criterion that
distinguishes it from other strains of E.coli)
1. Gram negative
2. Non-spore-forming rods
3. Facultative anaerobes
4. Catalase Test: Positive
5. Oxidase Test: Negative
6. Lactose fermenter (forms pink colored colonies
in MacConkey Agar).
7. Presence of polysaccharide capsule (in the
culture plate mucoid colonies are seen).
8. Non-motile (Klebsiella species are nonmotile
and nonflagellated and thus have no H
antigens)
9. Infants, elderly, immunocompromised,
alcoholics
10. One of the leading cause of nosocomial
infections
Colony Morphology
 Blood Agar: Mucoid, non-hemolytic colonies
 MacConkey Agar: Mucoid, lactose-fermenting
(pink colored) colonies

Virulence Factors Virulence Factors

 Capsule
 Pili: Helps in adherence of organisms to the  Cell wall receptors
cells of jejunum and ileum in case of  Lipopolysaccharide
intestinal tract infection; urinary tract (endotoxin)
epithelium in case of urinary tract infections.  Fimbriae
 Capsule: Interferes with phagocytosis, plays  Siderophores
the main role in systemic infections.
 Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide):
Responsible for several features of gram- Diseases
negative sepsis such as fever, hypotension
and disseminated intravascular coagulation  Ventilator associated pneumonia
(DIC).  UTI
 Exotoxins e.g. enterotoxin which act on the  Blood stream infection
cells of jejunum and ileum to cause  Liver abscess
diarrhoea. Other exotoxins are verotoxin,
shiga like toxin etc. Patient Sample

Diseases  Sputum: red-currant jelly appearance (K.

pneumoniae)
 Urinary tract infections (UTI)
 Gram-negative rod sepsis *ONLY K. oxytoca IS INDOLE POSITIVE
 Neonatal meningitis Enterobacter: CKLOV
 Traveler’s diarrhea (watery diarrhea)
 Enterohemorrhagic strains of E.coli (i.e. Enterobacter aerogenes
Shiga toxin-producing E. coli ) causes
bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic 1. Gram negative, rod shaped
syndrome (HUS) 2. Radially surrounded by flagellum
BACTERIOLOGY Santos enterics

3. Found in dairy products and GIT of animals

4. Closely related to E.coli, Klebsiella,
Shigella, Serratia

Serratia: COLDGLOV

Hafnia: delayed COf (amoy tae)

Proteus: HUbS (MoVi) (burnt chocolate /

gunpowder)

Morganella morganii: MIO

Providencia: MUCI (imvic: ++-+)

Edwardsiella tarda: HILO

Citrobacter: MOCHU

Salmonella: MCH

Shigella: mostly negative

Yersinia: UM