Enterobacteriaceae

Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
General characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae
 Gram-negative.
 Rod-shaped (usually short bacilli; about 1 – 5 μm).
 Facultatively anaerobic.
 Non-sporing forming.
 Mostly motile , ( most species in the genera Klebsiella and Shigella are non-motile).
 Catalase positive, oxidase negative.
 Both lactose fermenter and non-fermenter
 Usually, acid-producing.
 Reduces nitrates to nitrites.
 Characteristic antigens are known as enterobacterial common antigens (ECA). The
outer membrane (O), flagella (H), and capsule (K) are antigens in most the
enterobacteria.
Escherichia coli
 E. coli is gram-negative (-ve) rod-shaped bacteria.
 It is arranged singly or in pairs.
 It is motile and some strains are non-motile.
 Some strains may be fimbriated.
 Some strains of E. coli isolated from extra-intestinal infections have a polysaccharide
capsule.
 They are non-sporing.
 They are facultative anaerobes.
 Growth occurs over a wide range of temperatures from 15-45°C.
 ferments lactose expect (ETEC).
 Transmission by fecal oral route.
 Gastrointestinal tract infection and extraintestinal tract infection.
Types of Escherichia coli
Laboratory diagnosis

1-Samples: Stool, urine, blood, sputum ,CSF.

2-Gram stain Gram negative rod (pink-red).
3-Culture:
 MacConkey agar (Selective medium)
colony –pink, dry ,flat) and surrounded with dark pink area.
 Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar (Colonies with green
metallic sheen or iridescent green sheen )
4-Biochemical test
➢ IMViC test (differentiating the family Enterobacteriaceae).
 Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) test

Control
Different result of TSI test
 Urease test (negative).
 Oxidase test (negative).
 Catalase test (positive).

5-Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

6- enzyme immunoassay (enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay [ELISA].
Klebsiella spp.

 Gram negative rods.

 Non-motile.
 Lactose fermenter.
 Major capsule.
 Most species hydrolyses urea.
Klebsiella pneumoniae

K. pneumoniae can cause:

 Pneumonia (people who developed pneumonia in the hospital).

 Urinary tract infection (UTI).
 Iintra-abdominal infection.
 Meningitis.
 pPyogenic liver abscess.
 Bloodstream infection.
Laboratory diagnosis
1- Gram strain long gram-negative bacilli red to pink in
color.
2- Culture: Mucoid, Lactose fermenting colonies on
MacConkey agar.
 Rods with large polysaccharides capsule.
 Urease test (positive).
 Catalase test (positive ).
 Oxidase test (negative).

5-Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

6- enzyme immunoassay (enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay [ELISA].