(a + b)(c + d) = ac + ad + bc + bd

(a b)(a + b) = a2 b2
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
(a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2 b + 3ab2 + b3
(a b)3 = a3 3a2 b + 3ab2 b3
2 2 3 3
(a + b)(a ab + b ) = a + b
(a b)(a + ab + b2 ) = a3
2
b3

(a b)2 = a2 2ab + b2

b
ax + b = 0 ! x = a
2
4x + 6 = 2x 3
) 2x + 20
3 =0!x= 10
3

A 0 ! |A| = A
A > 0 ! |A| = A

am · an = am+n
am m n
an = a
m n mn
(a ) = a
(ab)m = am bm \1 ⇠
m
= \4
( ab )m = abm \1 ⇠
= \5
a m
= a1m ⇠ \6
\3 =
\1 ⇠
= \8
m\3 + m\5 = 180o
m\1 + m\7 = 180o
 x2 + (a + b)x + ab+ = (x + a)(x + b)
n mnx2 + (an + bm)x + ab2 = (mx + a)(nx + b)

n(n 3)
2
o
180 (n 2)
o
360

y = mx + b
ax + by = c
y y1 = m(x x1 )
P
xi y y1
x̄ = n e = xn/2+0.5
x m= x x1

Mo =

f Lm/mo
Cf p ax + by = m cx + dy = n
i a b
D= = ad bc
fm/mo c d
x̄ = fx m b
n Dx = = md bn
n÷2 C n d
x̃ = Lm + ( fm f p )i
fmo faf ter a m
M o = Lmo + ( (fmo faf ter )+(fmo fbef ore ) )i Dy = = an mc
c n
Dx Dy
x= D y= D

8 3x + 4y = 8 6x + 7y = 26
Range = highest lowest <2(3x + 4y) = 2(8)
IQR = Q3 Q1 :6x + 7y = 36
P P 8
2 (xi x̄)2 2 (xi x̄)2
= n s = n 1 <6x + 8y = 16
:6x + 7y = 36

y= 20
IQR = Q3 Q1
Q1 = LQ1 + ( n÷4 f 3n÷4
fQ1 )i Q3 = LQ3 + ( fQ3
f
)i
P P P P 3x + 4( 20) = 8 ! 3x 88 = 0
2 ( f x)2 2 ( f x)2
fx fx
2
= n
n
s2 = n 1
n
)x= 88
3
( 20, 88
3 )

x 2y = 6 3y + 12 x = 8
ab + ac = a(b + c) x = 2y + 6
a2 b2 = (a b)(a + b) 3y + 12 (2y + 6) = 8
a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 ab + b2 ) 3y + y + 3 = 8
3 3 2 2
a b = (a b)(a + ab + b ) 4y = 5
2 2 2 5
a + 2ab + b = (a + b) y= 4
 x = 2y + 6
x= 2( 54 ) +6
17
x= 2
( 54 , 17
2 )

ax2 + bx + c = 0

x2 + 6x + 2 = 0
x2 + 6x = 2
2
x + 6x + 9 = 2+9
(x + 3)2 = 7
p
x+3=± 7
p
x= 3± 7

x2 + 6x +
p2 = 0
6± 62 4(1)(2) p
x= 2(1) = 3± 7
f (x)
b2 4ac
x
2
y b 4ac > 0
b2 4ac = 0
2
b 4ac < 0

b
a
c
a

y = a(x h)2 + k
(h, k) a

y = x2 + 14x + 22
y = x2 + 14x + 49 49 + 22
2
y = (x + 7) 27 ! vertex( 7, 27)

y = kx

k
y= x
 y = kxz Atriangle = 12 bh
1
k= 2

m p
an = n
am

p
( n a)n = a
p p p
n
a n b = n ab
p
n a p
p
n
b
= n ab
p p
( n a)m = n am
pn m
p p pp
a = mn a = m n a
a 2 + b2 = c 2

sin(A) sin(B) sin(C)

a = b = c

a 2 = b2 + c 2 2bccos(A)
2 2 2
b =a +c 2accos(B)
c 2 = a 2 + b2 2abcos(C)

an = a1 + (n 1)d

n(a1 +an ) n
Sn = 2 = 2 [2a1 + (n 1)d]

opposite hypotenuse
sin(✓) = hypotenuse csc(✓) = opposite
adjacent hypotenuse
cos(✓) = hypotenuse sec(✓) = adjacent
opposite adjacent
tan(✓) = adjacent cot(✓) = hypotenuse

an = a1 r n 1

✓ 30o 45o 60o

sin✓ 1
p
2
p
3 wew
p2 p2 2
3 2 1 a1 (1 r n )
cos✓ Sn = 1 r r>1
p2 2
p2
3 a
tan✓ 3 1 3 Sn = 1 r 0<r<1
 120o
3 2
x + 2x 5x 6 ÷ (x 2)

f (x)
x c f (c)

x c
f (x) f (c) = 0

an xn +an 1x
n 1
+. . .+a0
p 1
k k= q p 2
a0 q an
 m\ACE = 12 (80o 20o ) = 30o

m\ABC =
1
2 (ArcAB)
p
D= (x2 x1 )2 + (y2 y1 ) 2

axp
0 +by0 +c
distance(ax + by + c = 0, (x0 , y0 )) = a2 +b2

(x a)2 + (y b)2 = r2
(a, b)
r
x2 + y 2 + Ax + By + c = 0

m\BED = 12 ArcBD+
ArcAC x2 + y 2 4x + 10y + 20 = 0
2 2
x 4x + y + 10y + 20 = 0
x2 4x + 4 + y 2 + 10y + 25 + 20 = 4 + 25

1
2 (x 2)2 +(y +5)2 = 29 20

(x 2)2 + (y + 5)2 = 9 (2, 5)

p
9=3

n!
nP r = (n r)!

nP r

m\ABC = 12 (260o 100o ) = 80o

 11! 11·10·9·8·7·6·5·4·3·2·1
4!4!2! = 4!·4·3·2·1·2·1 = 11·10·9·7·5 = 34650

Pn = (n 1)!

n!
nCr = (n r)!r!

n
P = T

A=
{1, 3, 5}.
B = {3, 6}

n(A[B) 8
P = n(S)
<x + 2 x<0
2 :x2 + 4x x 0
3
f (x)

n(A\B)
P = n(S)
f (x) g(x)

n(A [ B) = n(A) + n(B) n(A \ B)

f (x) = x2 + x1 g(x) = 3x+4 f (x)·g(x) =
(x2 + x1 )(3x + 4)
f g = f (g(x))
f (x)
g(x) x
 1
f (x) = x2 + x g(x) = 3x + 4 f g = P (x)
2 1 2 1
(3x + 4) + 3x+4 = 9x + 24x + 16 + 3x+4 Q(x)
4x3 +x+1
f (x) f (x P (x) Q(x) f (x) = 3x2 +2x 4
4 8
h) + k (h, k) f (x) 3x 9
f ( x)
f (x)
f (0)
y=x
f (x) =
P (x)
f (x) Q(x) P (x) = 0
x = f (y)

f (x) = y = 4x + 5 ! x = 4y + 5
1 x 5
f (x) = y = 4
f (x) = bx
f (x) = bx k
+h k

f (x) = bx R
p
f (x) = y = x ! f 2 1
(x) = x...(x [0, +1) y=0
0)(y 0)
b>0
0<b<1

y =0
x=0 b x = by !x=y

f (x) =
P (x)
P (x) Q(x) 4x+4 = 32x 2
Q(x)
(22 )(x+4) = (25 )(x 2)

22x+8 = 25x 10

2x + 8 = 5x 10
Q(x) = 0. 3x = 18
x=6
5
x 4 = 324
5
x = c Q(x) = x 4 = 25
0 x5 = (25 )4
x5 = (24 )5
x = 24 = 16
P (x) 0<
Q(x) b<1
4x3 +x+1
f (x) = 3x2 +2x3 4x
y =2
 f (x) = logb (x) b>
0, b 6= 1 (0, +1)
R
f (x) = bx

loga m + loga n = loga mn

loga m loga n = loga ( m
n)
loga mn = nloga m
loga 1 = 0
loga a = 1 (x h)2 (y k)2
a2 + b2 = 1
aloga x = x
a b
logb x
loga x = logb a x y
a>b b>a
a, b c c

log(40)
log5 (40) = log(5)

a 2 = b2 + c 2 a > b

b2 = a 2 + c 2 b > a

loga f (x) = b ab = f (x)

loga f (x) = loga g(x) ! f (x) = g(x)
loga(x) f (x) = logb(x) f (x) ! a(x) = b(x)

a>0 0<a<1

(y k)2 = 4p(x h)
(x h)2 = 4p(y k)
(h, k)
2 2 2
(x a) + (y b) = r p
 n
X n(n + 1) Pn 2 n(n+1)(2n+1)
i= i=0 i = 6
i=1
2

(x + y)n

x2 y2
a2 b2 =1
y2 x2
a2 b2 =1

a (x + y)n a
x
a b c c
(x + y)n = a0 xn + a1 xn 1
y + a2 xn 2 2
y + ... +
n 1 n
an 1 xy + an y ,
c 2 = a 2 + b2
(x + y)5
x5 + 5x4 y + 10x3 y 2 + 10x2 y 3 + 5xy 4 + y 5

2⇡ 60o
1 2⇡ ⇡
6 6 = 3

n
X
ai = am + am+1 + am+2 . . . + an 1 + an
i=m
ai
m
m = 5
n
n = 12
degrees·⇡
radians = 180o
radian·180o
degrees = ⇡
 angle + 360o k k

60o
300o , 420o , 660o , 780o

150o 30o