Beverages

Any drinkable liquid usually other than water or any liquid fit for drinking

 Any drinkable liquid that quench our thirst and consumed as special festival

Technology

The application of knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry OR the

application of scientific knowledge for practical ends or purposes

Aims of beverages

 Refreshing
 Stimulating
 Nourishing

For instance, a simple statistic would indicate that each person on earth consumes about
70 liter of soft drinks in a year.

It's Very Tasty!

The taste could be the thing that gets people addicted to drinking soda, it is delicious. In
fact, soda is so good, that many people drink it with every meal!
It's Everywhere!
Even if you wanted to drink something else, you would be hard-pressed to find it as
prominently displayed in vending machines, at fast-food chains, and supermarket
checkouts. You might not realize how ubiquitous Coke, Pepsi, and the like are in our
society until you try to stop drinking soda.
Convenience, "Grab-n-Go"!
The other addictive thing about soda is the convenience. If you are in a hurry - and, let's
be honest, most of us almost always are - it is so easy to grab a can and convenient to
drink.
Promotion and Advertising
Heavy consumption of soft drinks is partly attributed to vigorous commercial
promotion. Billions of dollars are spend on advertising sodas and market them
everywhere - in retail stores, supermarkets, restaurants, gas stations, museums, and even
schools.
Soda Habit
For some people, drinking several sodas a day is a force of habit. You know drinking
soda is a habit when you find yourself going to the grocery store at 10 p.m. because your
refrigerator is tapped out.
It Is Cheap
Soda may be pretty inexpensive when compared with fruit juice and milk. With combo
meals, a large soda is only an extra dollar, and you get fries!
Thirst
Often people drink soda to quench the thirst. However, this is probably the worst time to
drink soda, because when you are very thirsty or dehydrated you have low levels of
saliva. And saliva helps to neutralize acids (soda is the most acidic beverage you can buy,
actually) and wash your teeth clean.
Caffeine Addiction
Many soft drinks contain caffeine which is mildly addictive. This fact is part of the
reason why soda is such a hard habit to break. If you're addicted to the caffeine in soda,
you're really having two habits - the soda habit and the caffeine habit.

Reasons to Stop Drinking Soda

These were reasons why we drink soda and now let's take a look at 16 powerful reasons
to give up soda drinking.
You may not even realize the extent to which drinking carbonated, caffeinated, sugared,
or artificially sweetened beverages harm your body! Giving up soft drinks can be one of
the best and simplest things you can do to improve your health.
Soda Is Useless
First of all, there are no nutritionally beneficial components in soft drinks. They mostly
consist of filtered water and refined sugars. Yet the average American drinks about 41
gallons of soft drinks each year.
Weight Gain & Obesity
People even don't think about how many unnecessary extra calories they consume in
what they drink. Drinking a single 330 ml can a day of sugary drinks translates to more
than 1 lb of weight gain every month.
There is strong scientific evidence that consumption of soft drinks is directly related to
weight gain and the relationship is so strong that researchers came up with an
approximate formula:
Obesity risk = 1.6 x (additional sodas consumed), meaning that risk of obesity increases
1.6 times with each additional soda consumed.
And not only that, intake of sugar-sweetened beverages is strongly associated with
accumulation of fat around the abdominal area.
On the other hand, according to the results of high quality study, reducing consumption of
sugar-sweetened beverages helped reduce body mass index in the heaviest teenagers.
Diabetes
This is a consequence of Anything that leads to weight gain increases the risk of diabetes.
And besides contributes to excess pounds, drinking soda also stresses the body's ability to
process sugar. Scientists now believe that the sweet stuff may help explain why the
number of Americans with type 2 diabetes has tripled from 6.6 million in 1980 to 20.8
million today.
Rapidly absorbed carbohydrates like high fructose corn syrup put more strain on insulin-
producing cells. And here is why: when sugar enters the bloodstream quickly, the
pancreas has to secrete large amounts of insulin for the body to process it. Soda habit
places an unceasing demand on the pancreas to produce insulin and some scientists
believe that this may ultimately lead for pancreas to be unable to keep up with the body's
need for insulin. Also, insulin itself becomes less effective at processing sugar. Both these
conditions contribute to the risk of developing diabetes.
Interestingly, women who consumed a lot of fruit juice--which is high in natural
fructose--were not at increased risk of diabetes. This fact leaded researchers to suppose
that naturally occurring sugars may have different metabolic effects than added sugars. It
is quite possible that vitamins, minerals, fiber, and phytochemicals in fruit juices may
have a protective effect against weight gain and diabetes, neutralizing the adverse effects
of sugar.
Researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston and Harvard Medical
School4 analyzed data from the Nurses' Health Study II, a trial tracking the health of
more than 51,000 women. None of the participants had diabetes at the onset of the study
in 1991. Over the following 8 years, 741 women were diagnosed with the disease.
Researchers found that women who drank one or more sugary drinks a day gained more
weight and were 83% more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those who imbibed less
than once a month.
Moreover, artificially sweetened beverages are not healthy alternatives to sugar
sweetened drinks for the prevention of diabetes29.
Weakened Bones and Risk of Osteoporosis
Frequent consumption of soft drinks may also increase the risk of osteoporosis especially
in people who substitute calcium-rich milk with soft drinks. High soda consumption
(particularly cola) in children represents a significant risk factor for impaired calcification
of growing bones.
In the 1950s, children drank 3 cups of milk for every 1 cup of sugary drinks. Today that
ratio is reversed: 3 cups of sugary drinks for every cup of milk. No wonder, osteoporosis
is a major health problem for 44 million Americans. Most experts now explain that the
real culprit is soda's displacement of milk in the diet, though some scientists believe that
the acidity of colas weaken bones by promoting the loss of calcium.
Dental Caries and Erosion
Soda eats up and dissolves the tooth enamel. Researchers say that soft drinks are
responsible for doubling or tripling the incidence of tooth decay.
Acidic food contributes to the dissolution of the mineral content of the enamel, making
the teeth weaker, more sensitive, and more susceptible to decay. Acids found in soda are
worse for the teeth even than solid sugar from candies.
Dental experts continue to urge that people drink less soda pop, especially between
meals, to prevent tooth decay and dental erosion.
Kidney Damage
Despite consuming the same amount of calories, people who do it with sugary drinks
don't feel as full as those who eat solid food. This theory was born out by researchers at
Purdue University. In 2000 they gave 15 volunteers 450 calories a day of either soda or
jelly beans for a month and then switched them for the next month, while monitoring
their total calories. The candy eaters compensated for the extra calories by eating less
food and maintained their weight; during the soda phase, the volunteers ate more and
gained.
There is good evidence that specifically cola beverages can increase the risk of kidney
problems, more so than non-cola sodas.
Researches clearly demonstrated that large quantities of cola result in enhanced kidney
stone formation. If you're wondering exactly how soft drinks cause kidney stones, it's
because of their acidity and radical mineral imbalances. Your body must buffer the acidity
of soft drinks with calcium from your own bones. As this calcium is eliminated through
your urine, it slowly forms kidney stones.
Journal of Epidemiology published a study, which revealed that drinking two or more
colas a day, and it didn't matter whether they were regular or artificially sweetened, was
linked to doubling the risk of a chronic kidney disease. Researchers compared 465 people
with chronic kidney disease and 467 healthy people.
Increased Blood Pressure
Experts have reasons to believe that overconsumption of fructose, particularly in the form
of soft drinks, leads to an increase in blood pressure.
Heartburn
Soft drink consumption is a strong predictor of heartburn.
Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factor
Soft drink regular drinking is a significant risk factor for developing of metabolic
syndrome, a combination of the symptoms such as high blood pressure, obesity, high
cholesterol and insulin resistance.
Harmful Effects on Liver
Consuming too many soft drinks increases the risk of liver cirrhosis, the disease often
found in chronic alcoholics.
Impaired Digestive System
Soda, no matter who makes it, is extremely acidic beverage, with a pH of about 2.51,
about the same as vinegar, but the sugar content disguises the acidity. To better
understand this number, consider that battery acid has a pH of 1 and pure water has a pH
level of 7.
Interesting fact: A pH below 4 or above 10 will kill most fish and very few animals can
tolerate waters with a pH below 3 or above 11.
Why does that matter? Throughout the digestive system, that starts from the mouth and
ends up at the anus only the stomach can resist an acidic environment up to pH 2.0. But
before the acidity of soft drink reaches the stomach it passes through the other organs that
precede stomach in the digestive system thus producing an abnormal acidic environment.
The linings of the mouth, pharynx and esophagus are highly sensitive to acids.
The phosphoric acid (H3PO4) present in soft drink competes with the hydrochloric acid
(HCl) of the stomach and affects its functions. When the stomach functioning is
disturbed, food remains undigested causing indigestion, increased gas, and bloating.
Dehydration
The next problem with sodas is that they act as dehydrating diuretics. Both caffeine and
sugar cause dehydration.
Caffeine is a diuretic and causes an increase in urine volume. And high concentration of
sugar is drawing off water as well because your kidneys try to expel the excess sugar out
of the blood. When you drink a caffeinated soda to quench your thirst, you will actually
become even thirstier.
High Caffeine Content
To continue the previous point, avoiding sodas you will also avoid the unnecessary
caffeine. Soda drinks are a major source of caffeine in the American diet.
High doses of caffeine can cause, among others, irritability, restlessness, tension,
insomnia, high blood pressure, gastrointestinal disturbance, excessive urination, and
irregular heartbeat.
Toxins - Aspartame
If you think diet soda is better -- think again. The poison in diet soda is an artificial
sweetener aspartame. Aspartame is made up of three chemicals: aspartic acid,
phenylalanine, and methanol. It is used because it's about 200 times sweeter than table
sugar.
 Despite US FDA approval as a "safe" food additive, aspartame is one of the most
dangerous substances added to foods. After you drink an aspartame-sweetened product,
aspartame breaks down into its starting components: phenylalanine, aspartic acid, and
methanol (that further converts to formaldehyde and formic acid, which are known
carcinogens.). There are over 92 known health side effects associated with aspartame
consumption.
Cell Damage
A new health scare erupted over soft drinks recently amid evidence that they may cause
serious cell damage and accelerate cell aging. British scientists suggest that a common
preservative E211, known as sodium benzoate, found in drinks such as Fanta and Pepsi
Max has the ability to switch off vital parts of DNA.
Sodium benzoate occurs in small amounts naturally in berries but is used in large
quantities to prevent mould in soft drinks.
Other Harmful Effects
And if you are still not convinced, studies published in a couple of recent years show the
following health risks associated with soda drinking:
 Increased risk of asthma and lung disease
 Caffeinated and artificially sweetened soft drinks may increase the risk of early
menarche, a risk factor of several diseases
 Elevation of uric acid levels
 Risk of developing hypertension
 Mental health problems
There Are So Many Healthy Alternatives!
Soda replaces healthier drinks. By drinking soda, you cut the intake of fresh juices, milk,
and even water and deprive yourself from essential vitamins and minerals.
 Water. Water is the best drink in the world.
 Tea. Any kind of tea - herbal, green or black - is rich in antioxidants, which were shown
to protect the body form many health problems.
 100% Juice. Fruit juice can be also useful for flavoring your water and teas.
Composition of soft drinks
All soft drinks have a basic compositional structure. First, there is the
Water
That makes up about 87 to 92% of the beverage volume. The water used is normally
separately pretreated to remove
 Impurities
 Microorganisms
 Undesirable attributes such as off-tastes, odors and turbidity.
It is also treated to regulate alkalinity and hardness. Make no mistake about the fact
that water used in soft drinks made by the more reputable bottling companies is much
more purified than what comes out of the common tap in your house.
Sweetener
which is usually refined white sugar, though other natural or artificial sweeteners are
being used as alternatives. In a naturally sweetened soft drink, the sugar makes up about
8 to 12% of the beverage by mass.
Acidulant
Another ingredient common to almost all soft drinks is the acidulant. This is the term
used for any inorganic or organic acid that contributes to the sourness of the
beverage.
Flavors
To this basic taste background, a flavorant, or a flavorant combination, is added.
Flavorants may be natural, nature-identical, or completely synthetic. They are usually
in very concentrated forms and give beverages their characteristic tastes. Flavorants can
be compared to perfumes inasmuch as they also contribute to the smell of the product,
which plays an important role in the general overall sensory perception of the drink.
Colors
To round off the taste of the soft drinks, colorants are added to the composition when
such coloring is considered essential to the visual impact the drink has on the
consumer. Colorants may be natural ingredients but are more commonly synthetic
food dyes. They are used in minute quantities individually or in combinations that
give us the rainbow spectrum of soft drink colors we see in the marketplace.
Preservatives
Commonly used preservatives in soft drinks are sodium benzoate and potassium
sorbate and to a lesser degree, sulfur dioxide.
Soft drinks that do not contain preservatives are usually processed under sophisticated
hygienic conditions and treated in one manner or another, such as by pasteurization, hot-
filling, or ozonation, so that any microorganisms present in the beverage are killed before
or during filling. Some soft drinks may contain ingredients to give them a characteristic
mouthfeel, that is, a thicker sensation on the palate
Each nutrient provides different amounts of energy. 1 g provides:
 Alcohol 7 kcal (29 kJ)
 Carbohydrate 4 kcal (17 kJ)
 Fat 9 kcal (38 kJ)
 Protein 4 kcal (17 kJ)

The large number of beverages may be classified as shown:

What is an alcoholic beverage?

A drink containing ethyl alcohol
An "Alcoholic beverage" is a drink containing ethyl alcohol (alcohol) of agricultural
origin in any percentage, derived either through natural fermentation, or addition during
process.
Ethanol or ethyl alcohol is produced through a natural process when the yeast converts
the sugar contained in fruit, cereals, and sugar-canes, into alcohol. Pure alcohol is a
colorless, pure liquid. The process used for its preparation is called fermentation.

Fermentation

Alcohol is produced when the yeast is fed by sugar. This microorganism grows and
proliferates by sugar contained in food such as fruit and cereals. As the yeast is fed by
sugar, alcohol and carbon dioxide are produced.
Sugar → energy + alcohol + carbon dioxide

Categories of alcoholic beverages

Alcoholic beverages are divided into three categories:

During wine-making, the yeast acts with the sugar contained in grapes. Different types of
grapes give different flavor and colours to wines. Apples are used to produce cider. Beer
is produced from a malted grain – usually barley – in which a hop is added as a flavoring.
Grapes fermentation wine, champagne
Apples cider
Cereals beer

1. Wine

Wine is a fermented beverage produced from grapes. Wine involves a longer

fermentation process than beer and also a long aging process (months or years),
resulting in an alcohol content of 9%–16% ABV. "Fruit wines" are made from
fruits such as plums, cherries, or apples.

2. Beer
Beer is a beverage fermented from grain mash. It is made from barley or a blend of
several grains. If the fermented mash is distilled, then the beverage is a spirit. Beer is the
most consumed alcoholic beverage in the world
3. Spirits
Cider or cyder (/ˈsaɪdər/ SY-dər) is a fermented alcoholic beverage made from any fruit
juice; apple juice (traditional and most common), peaches, pears ("Perry" cider) or other
fruit. Cider alcohol content varies from 1.2% ABV to 8.5% or more in traditional English
ciders. In some regions, cider may be called "apple wine"

Distillation
The amount of alcohol in drinks can be increased by a process known as
“distillation”. Through this process, whisky, gin, vodka, brandy and rum are
produced, usually containing 40% pure alcohol.
During this process, water and alcohol are separated through boiling, resulting in a
higher concentration of alcohol. Fortified wines (such as sherry and port) are wines
to which a spirit has been added raising the concentration of alcohol (more than 15%
for sherry, 20% for port).

Types of drinks

Juices

These are pure fruit juice with nothing added or Juice is a liquid that is naturally
contained in fruit and vegetables or the liquid obtained from or present in fruit or
vegetables

“Juice" must contain 100% fresh fruit, therefore these are pure products with no
preservatives or sweeteners and no artificial colors, and may or may not contain pulp
of the fruit itself

Juice is essentially the liquid component of fruits and vegetables. The word ‘juice’ is
derived from the Latin word ‘jus’. It is the liquid that we obtain when we crush a fruit.
The process involves crushing the fruit, from which we get the pulp of the fruit. The pulp
is then further crushed and strained, which results in the fruit juice. The juice contains all
the sugars and nutrients from the original fruit or vegetable, but practically none of the
fiber. Juice has become a popular accompaniment to breakfast.

Nectars

These normally contain 30 per cent fruit solids and are drunk immediately after opening.

OR

A product described as fruit "nectar" must contain at least 25% to 50% juice,
depending on the fruit. A juice or nectar including concentrate must state that it
does

Difference between Juice and Nectars

Juices and nectars are beverages made mainly from natural fruit juices, the content of
which is prescribed by local food law regulations. Roughly speaking, juices contain pure,
100% juice, whereas nectars have around 50% natural juice content. Juices may or may
not be sweetened, but nectars are always sweetened, in one manner or another, to make
up for the nonjuice portion of the beverage.

Squashes

These normally contain at least 25 per cent fruit pulp mixed with sugar syrup. They are
diluted, to taste, with water and may contain preservatives. OR

Squash is a mixture of sugar syrup and fresh fruit juice.

Cordials

These are crystal-clear squashes (A suspended matter) is eliminated by filtration or

clarification (Flavored only, no fruit)

Syrups

These are concentrated juices which are clear. They normally have a high sugar contents
OR syrups are usually just sugar syrup with added color and essence and are synthetic
Syrup, on the other hand, which comes from the Latin sirupus, is a sweet sauce made by
dissolving artificial sugars in boiling water. It can also be made by reducing naturally
sweet juices such as cane juice, sorghum juice, or maple sap. Syrups are often used to
preserve fruit.

Syrups are not really recommended for daily use as they have high sugar content and lack
the essential nutrients that are normally present in juices. To offset this, many
manufactures have taken to producing sugar-free syrups, which use sugar substitutes such
as glycerol and sorbitol in place of regular sugar. Manufactures have also started adding
artificial nutrients to their syrups, so that they may be promoted as healthy.

Syrups generally have a longer shelf life than juices, as unlike juices they tend to contain
preservatives. However, many juices available commercially also tend to have some
preservatives, which aim to increase their shelf life. Still, these commercial juices are
considered to be inferior to fresh juices, which is why many health conscious people opt
to make juices fresh at home.

In summation, the basic difference between juice and syrup is that juice is a fruit or
vegetable’s natural pulp in liquid form, whereas syrup is a sugar solution. It can also be
said that syrup is a processed form of fruit, whereas juice is not.

Difference between Juice and Syrup

 Juice is the liquid extracted from the pulp of the fruit or vegetable; no heat is
involved in the process
 Syrup is made by placing sugar into boiling water thereby dissolving it. The
process usually involves heat.
 Syrups are usually more viscous that natural juices due to the presence of
dissolved sugars.
  Juice is a more natural preparation that contains most of the original nutrients
coming from the fruit or vegetable it was taken from. Syrups are more artificial in
nature.
 Why are beverages like Coca-Cola, Pepsi etc. chilled before drinking them?

At lower temperatures, more of the carbon dioxide remains dissolved in the drink for a
longer period.

When you take a swig, you agitate the drink in the process and heat from your mouth raises
the temperature of the drink a little. This releases carbon dioxide from the drink and gives
you that tingly sensation.

That tingly sensation is an important part of the carbonated drink experience. So, most of the
soda companies will ask you to chill their products before use.

Is bottled water a healthier choice than tap water

Despite the large marketing, bottled water is not always safer than tap water. In fact, tap
water is subject to more stringent state and federal regulations, meaning that it is held to a
higher standard than bottled water. The Massachusetts Water Resource Authority
(MWRA) conducts hundreds of thousands of tests per year for over 120 chemicals to
ensure that the tap water delivered to your home is clean, safe and high-quality. In
addition, unlike water from the tap—bottle water often lacks fluoride, which is essential
for dental health. Finally, bottled water contributes to excessive environmental waste,
and costs us a thousand times more than water from our faucet.
Does soda harm teeth?
All sugary foods, including sodas, can cause tooth decay, especially if they are consumed
frequently and without regular brushing
1. how to quit drinking coke/sodas Successfully

1. Make Up Your Mind. You have to make up your mind to give it up, notes Jacobson. ...
2. 2.Switch to Diet Sodas. ...
3. Go Caffeine-Free. ...
4. Stock Up on Alternatives