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  • Haloalkanes

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    Sahil Menghani
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    The document provides an overview of organic chemistry reactions including substitution, addition, elimination, and reduction reactions. It summarizes common reagents and reaction conditions used to transform functional groups like alcohols, alkenes, alkynes, halides, and more. The high-level reactions covered include nucleophilic substitution of alkanes, addition of HX to alkenes, elimination reactions to form alkenes, conversion of alcohols to bromo- and iododerivatives, and reduction of carbonyl groups with LiAlH4 among others.

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    Flow chart of Haloalkanes

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    The document provides an overview of organic chemistry reactions including substitution, addition, elimination, and reduction reactions. It summarizes common reagents and reaction conditions used to transform functional groups like alcohols, alkenes, alkynes, halides, and more. The high-level reactions covered include nucleophilic substitution of alkanes, addition of HX to alkenes, elimination reactions to form alkenes, conversion of alcohols to bromo- and iododerivatives, and reduction of carbonyl groups with LiAlH4 among others.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    10 views1 page

    Haloalkanes

    Uploaded by

    Sahil Menghani
    The document provides an overview of organic chemistry reactions including substitution, addition, elimination, and reduction reactions. It summarizes common reagents and reaction conditions used to transform functional groups like alcohols, alkenes, alkynes, halides, and more. The high-level reactions covered include nucleophilic substitution of alkanes, addition of HX to alkenes, elimination reactions to form alkenes, conversion of alcohols to bromo- and iododerivatives, and reduction of carbonyl groups with LiAlH4 among others.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    F2, explosive aq.

    NaOH ROH Alcohol


    Cl2, hu NUCLEOPHILIC aq Ag2O ROH Alcohol

    ALKANES Br2, SUBSTITUTION H2O(ether) ROH Alcohol


    (Substitution
    reaction) I2, reversible reaction NaOR' ROR' Ether
    (use HIO3, conc HNO3, Williamson's ether synthesis
    as oxidising agent NH3 RNH2 Pri. Amine
    Ethanolic solution
    HX, Markovnikov rule RNH2 R2NH Sec. amine

    ALKENES HX, + Peroxide


    (addition of HX) Anti Markovnikov rule R2NH R3N Ter. Amine
    KCN RCN Cyanide
    CHLORODERIVATIVES AgCN RNC Isocyanide
    (i) HCl/ Anhydrous ZnCl2 KNO2 or NaNO2 RONO Alkyl nitrite
    (ii) PCl5 AgNO2 RNO2 Nitroalkane
    (iii) PCl3 R'COOAg R'COOR Ester
    (iv) SOCl2 Hunsdiecker reaction
    NaI (dry acetone) RI Alkyl iodide
    ALCOHOLS BROMODERIVATIVES Finkelstein reaction
    (Substitution reactn) (i) 48% HBr/ conc. H2SO4 (RCl or RBr only)
    (ii) NaBr/ conc. H2SO4

    (iii) P + Br2 (or PBr3) ELIMINATION REACTIONS ALKENE

    IODODERIVATIVES (Dehydrohalogenation) , alc. KOH


    (i) Red P4 / I2
    (ii) KI / 95% H3PO4
    + Mg, dry ether RMgX
    Grignard's
    Reagent
    RCl or RBr NaI in dry acetone
    to RI (FINKELSTEIN reaction) REACTION WITH METALS
    + Na , dry ether R-R (alkane)

    RCl or RBr AgF or SbF3, Hg2F2,CoF2 (2n-C)


    to RF , SWARTS reaction
    REDUCTION
    REACTION RH (Alkane)
    Reagents:
    1. Zn- Cu couple , alcohol
    2. Red P4, HI
    3. LiAlH4

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