HYDROCARBON

REACTION CHART FOR ALKANES

GMP GR
H , Ni
(1) R–C  CH 2  (1) X , h or UV light or 400 C
2         
 RX
200300C
or
R–CH=CH2 Sabatier senderens O
(2)  R-N
Nitration
reaction O

(2) R–X 

Zn Cu  HCl

Re d P Hi, LiAlH4 (3) Sulphonati
  on H
2SO 4
 Alkyl Sulphonic acid

(3) RX Na
,dry ether

Wurtz reaction Reed reaction
(4) SO2 + Cl2    RSO2Cl
h
(4) RX  Zn

Frankland 's reaction R–H
AlCl / HCl
or (5) 3 branched alkanes
(5) RX  R 2CuLi
  Isomerisation
( Corey  House reaction
) R–R

or
(6) R–Mg–X  HOH or ROH
  CnH2n+2 (6) Pyrolysis
 
or NH or RNH
3 2 500 700 C
Alkenes + CH4 or C2H6

Cr or Mo or V oxide
       
(7) R–OH, R–CHO Re d P / HI (7)  Al2O 3 500C Aromatic compound
 
R  C  R , RCOCl, RCOOH
|| CH N
2
  2

O (8) step up reaction
Higher alkane

(8) R CR 

Zn Hg / Conc. HCl
 
Clemension 's reduction O
|| (9) 
2
CO2 + H2O
O 
Combustion
H N  NH
2   2 
   
(9) R CR Wolf / Kishner reduction
||
O
or
(RCH2CH2)3B H O
2

(10) RCOONa NaOH  CaO



(11) RCOONa Kolbe

 'selectrolytic synthesis
  

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 HYDROCARBON
REACTION CHART FOR ALKENES
GMP GR
H Ni
(1) 2, R–CH2–CH3
(1) R–H Pyrolysis
 200300 C

(2) X
2 R–CHX–CH2X
Ni, H
(2) R–C  CH 
2
R–CH=CH2 (3)   R–CHX–CH3
HX
200300C
 or 
(4) HBr
  R–CH2–CH2Br
, Peroxide
C n H 2n
(3) R–CH2–CH2–X alc
. KOH
 (5) HOCl
 R–CH(OH)–CH2Cl
 HX
dil. H SO
(6)  HO R–CH2(OH)–CH3
2 4
 

Zn dust
2
(4) R–CH2–CH for higher alkene 1 / 2 O2
X 2 (7) Ag 
300C
R  CH  CH 2
(5) Zn
dust

 (8) 
CH 2 N 2
| | 
X X
(9) BH
3  (RCH2CH2)3B
CuR 2
(6) CH2=CHCl  R  CH  CH 3 R  CH 2  CH 2
CO  H
(10)  
2 
HCo ( CO ) 4
| + |
conc. H SO CHO CHO
(7) R–CH2–CH2–OH  24  O
 H 2O (11) 
2
CO2 + H2O


(8) R  C  O  CH 2  CH 2  R Pyrolysis
 R  CH  CH 2
|| (12) O
S O4
 | |
O
OH OH
RCH  COOK
(9) | Kolbe's electrolytic synthesis

RCH  COOK R  CH  CH 2
(13)    
Bayer reagent
1% alkalineKMnO 4
| |

OH OH
(10) (C2H5)4N+OH 

(14) strong R  C  OH + CO + H O
 oxidant
 || 2 2

(15) Pr iles  
Per acid
 chalev 's reaction

O H O

3

2

(16) Ozonolysis +
O

(17) 200
2
Polyalkene
C high P
Cl
(18) 
2 Substitution product
500 C

Al (SO )
(19) 200
2    Isomerisation
4 3
300 C
(20) acetic anhydride
  R–CH2=CH–COCH3
Methyl alkenyl ketone
(21)   Higher alkane
Alkane

BANSAL CLASSES Private Ltd. ‘Bansal Tower’, A-10, Road No.-1, I.P.I.A., Kota-05, Tel.(0744) 2791000 Page # 40
 HYDROCARBON
REACTION CHART FOR ALKYNES
GMP GR
H2
(1) CH2Br–CH2Br alc . KOH or NaNH 2
  (1)  C2H4, C2H6
Ni
alc. KOH , NaNH 2
(2) CH3–CHBr2      X2
(2)  C2H2X4

(3)  CH BrCH Br

HBr
(3) CHCl3 Ag
powder
  3 2
 Peroxide
 C 2H 2 
(4) CHBr2–CHBr2 Zn
dust

 HBr
(4) No   CH –CHBr
 Peroxide 3 2

CHBr (5) HOCl

 Cl2CHCHO
(5) || 
Zn
(6) HCN , Ba ( CN ) 2
CHBr  2  CH2=CHCN
CH COOH , Hg
(7) 3    CH3CH(OCOCH3)2
alc. KOH , NaNH
(6) CH2=CH–Cl     2  Hg 2 , 80C , dil. H SO
(8)     2 4  CH CHO
HC  COONa Kolbe's electrolytic synthesis ( Kucherov 's reaction ) 3

(7) ||       
HC  COONa (9) Conc

. H 2SO 4
 CH3CH(HSO4)2
AsCl
(10) Ca det 3 
H O
(8) CaC2 
2
 & Bunsen reaction
CHCl=CHAsCl2
C
electric
  arc ,1200
   C2 H5OH / H 2O
(11)     CH CHO
(9) 2C + H2 Berthelot 's process
HgSO 3
4
( i ) Na (ii ) R X
(10) CH3–CCH    
 CO  HOH
(i ) CH MgI (ii ) R X (12)    CH =CH–COOH
Ni ( CO )
 3   
2
(10) CH3–CCH 4

CO  EtOH
(13)    CH =CH–COOEt
Ni ,160C 2

(14) NaNH
 2  Na–CC–Na
AgNO3  NH 4OH
(15) (     Ag–CC–Ag
Tollen 's Re agent )
(16) Cu Cl  NH OH
22 4   Cu–CC–Cu
Combustion
(17)     O
2  CO2 + H2O
CHO
(18) Bayer
 Re 
 |
agent
 HCOOH
CHO
O
 3
H O
(19) Ozonolysis 
2
 HCOOH
(20)    benzene
Trimerisat ion
(Re d hot iron tube )

(21) Trimerisat
  ion  C8H8or 1,3,5,7-cyclo octa tetraene
[ Ni ( CN ) 2 ]

(22)    butenyne

Dimerisati on
[ Cu ( NH 3 ) 2 ]

(23) 

s


CH OH
(24)  3 
( BF  HgO )
methylal
3

BANSAL CLASSES Private Ltd. ‘Bansal Tower’, A-10, Road No.-1, I.P.I.A., Kota-05, Tel.(0744) 2791000 Page # 54