Professional Documents
Culture Documents
act
uri
ngCostEst
imat
ingFact
or
1.BahanBaku I
temi
zed
2.Ut
il
it
as I
temi
zed
3.TenagaKer
jaOper
asi
onal
/pr
oduksi I
temi
zed
4.Bungabank I
temi
zed
5.Bi
ayat
erkai
ttenagaker
ja
a.Pay
rol
lov
erhead 22–45%ofl
abor(
no3)
b.Super
visor
y,mi
scel
l
aneousl
abor 10–30%ofl
abor
c. Labor
ator
ychar
ges 10–20%ofl
abor
Tot
al 42–95%ofl
abor
Ty
pical 60%ofl
abor
6.Bi
ayat
erkai
tinv
est
asi
/aset
a.Mai
ntenance 2–10%ofpl
antcost
b.Oper
ati
ngsuppl
i
es 0.
5–3%ofpl
antcost
c. Env
ironment
al 0.
5–5%ofpl
antcost
d.Depr
eci
ati
on 5–10%ofpl
antcost
e. Local
taxes,
insur
ance 3–5%ofpl
antcost
f
. Pl
antov
erheadcost 1–5%ofpl
antcost
Tot
al 12–38%ofpl
antcost
Ty
pical 26%ofpl
antcost
7.Bi
ayaPemasar
an
a.Pat
entandr
oyal
ti
es 0–5%ofsal
es(
hasi
lpenj
ual
an)
b.Packagi
ng,
stor
age 0–7%ofsal
es
c. Adm cost
s 2–10%ofsal
es
d.Di
str
ibut
ionandsal
es 2–10%ofsal
es
e. R&D 0.
5–4%ofsal
es
Tot
al 4,
5–37%ofsal
es
Ty
pical 20%ofsal
es