2AB

* » C> . S i N i i-i/.

4„1. „ 3FNFRAI. BICHISSION: f'hc::h: 1 - o b j e c t - vert

il i Q U S Q L The ee i'\l one. c usually contains a. noi !.i'r-phr-fe:>z ae the sub j e e l

"id a p r e d i c a t e phrase which is a predication abor! the subje

predicate pi i r a t e may (.on 1 I ! verb p h r a s e ex

erb p h r :e-.e a ! one In Khez Id bfeil Lr-TiC e , t h e p r t d i ,t F xse play

cca j u i ' r o l e . . It can c. c - s s t i i u t e the sentence withoxrt. a s u b j e c t in

... I *~>
For example, in the sentences below 1 an

XX'SiS ..•• e t c

net h o - e wO-dewA
v:il 1 age g o - \e vise

'Will c tn v:i 1 1 s u e -

r i H •••• i 1 3 ''i c>— ex wO ee'o< i

1 1 aue i- -£«nse

j a ii) 9 O l i e C (J v :i1 1i !1 :•-e e e

A> t i. e x e a a . i . r f n Khe-hx is

are as.t the sense th(.-' -.-. <-r

:i ve •in o f s e n t ei xce „ The x::.t. t a n

the ob j ex 'i... ., u o \ X I i::=:l! I

ne \'t'!"

the d o t1 i e y r l"i a n g t •
!
... t . ' ' "< !
j i' • or • i g i r e I j x sue [e
 249

subject and object, can -freely be interchanged, but the verb position

is -fixed in the -final position of the sentence. Secondly, verbs ars

never marked passive even though its object is shifted to the initial

position. The interchanging of the subject and object pisition never

affects verb in the sentence in any sort. Consider the following:

3. nie-na puwe-e prisa c?-~a

I-nom him-acc money gave

'I gave him money'

4. puwe-e nie-na prisa c9-a

11 im-ac <::. I -nom mon ey g a ve

'I gave him money'

4.2. SENTENCE: Khezha sentence may be divided into three-

categories, viz., simple sentence, complex sentence and compound
sentence.

4.2.1. SIMPLE SENTENCE: Simple sentence consists of a principal

clause , eg . ,

5. pu-nS anO-a
he nty-ch i 1 d

'He/she is my child'

6. eja n i e - n £ k e w h u - e j-©-a
yesterday J K o h i m a went

' I wen t t o Koh i ma yest erd ay '

 O C A

7. azO terho-a
m y - m o t h e r wel1

'My mother' i s we 11 '

S. no tedeyi' weda
you g o - a l s o good

'you can go'

9. ize thu-ro
your--name who

'What is your name ?'

10. alesi he b e - a
my-book h e r e e x i s t

'My book is here'

11. 1imi-na awe-e 1 e c h e c a -a

girl me f r u i t , give?

'The girl gave me a -f r u i t '

% i ' '
p>u~na 1 imi kewe-a
she girl good

'She is a good girl '

4.2.2. COMPLEX SENTENCE: The complex sentence consists of a

principal clause' with one or two subordinate clause(s) , but. normally

not more than two subordinate clauses. These types of sentences can

be formed with or without conjunctive markers, eg.,

 251

(i) Principal C l a u s e W i t h One S u b o r d i n a t e Clause:

13. nb-ele pu-yimoyi riie-na ch»-eha

you Bay even i f I do-no

'I will not do even if you say.'

14. p u - n a meku-e Z9 n i e - n a che-a

he lie that I know

'I know t h a t he i s lying'

15. nb-n? anhie p;i-a ?a c l i f - p i mu-a

you me-at tel1 t h a t know-never

'I n e v e r knew t h a t you t o l d me.'

16. nie-n-a l e s i k e - e wO-e z> n h i e puwe-e za kecha-a

I school go t h a t t i m e him w i t h met

'I met him when I was g o i n g t o s c h o o l '

17. nb 1 e s i p h r j male meze-e-da

you book r e a d i f not s u f f e r

'If you d o n ' t study you w i l l suffer.'

IS. dilhi-rv phrp m e c i - l e f el-da

Dilhi read lazy-Conj f a i l e d

'Dilhi failed b e c a u s e he i s l a z y t o study.'

19. pu w U - e l e a n h i e pu-hi
he come me-to tel1

'Tell me i f he comes'
 :0. wepe-n? wO awe-e kess-a
Wepe come me scold

'Wepe came to scold me'

(ii) Frincipal Clause With Two Subordinate Clauses:

Whenever there are: two subordinate clauses in a sentence, the

principal clause always occurs in between the two clauses,eg.,

21. mhekekelebalo pu wO-eleanhie puhidieyi sirO pu-a

in-case he come-Conj. me-to tel 1 Conj tel 1

'He told me1 to tell him in case H-e • comes.'

22. no menO-mal e pu-ns' iwe--e kej*-de-yi 1ikhO-sa ley

you careful -Conj he-nom you-acc cheat-also angry-no

(Unless you are? careful you should not -feel bad even if
he bluf f ed you) .

23. no-ns chj-mo nie-n? chvsa-yi sirO be-a

you do-Conj I do Conj remain

'I am thinking that i-f you don't do I will have to do it.'

24. no-ele pu-yimoyi nie-np ch?-eha wOi.ptit.o-da

you say-al so-no~al so I do no absol Lite

'It is absol Lttel y impossible -for me to do even i-f you say'

25. no kewhu-e j»-ele anhie 1esi thu-hi-de-nie sirO mesa-a

you Kohima go-Conj . me-to letter write-will C o n j . expect

'I hope you will write to me if you go to Kohima.'

 253

4.2.3. COMPOUND SENTENCE: Two or more principal clauses or

sentences can be conjoined together to form a .coordinate sentence by

conjunctive particles ne 'but', nesiyi 'even though', sio 'if it is

so'. It can 1 so be formed by the disjunctive marker -le, eg.,

26. nilo-na' neso-a ne puchikez^-na mekit-a

Nilo honest Conj his-younger-brother lie

'Nilo is honest but his younger brother is dishonest'

27. snU-na p n s a kha.-a n e s i y i k e l i be mo-a

my-son money ar-k Conj even-one have-no

'My son is asking money but I have nothing with me'

«. achikeza-na lesiphrj-de sio nie-nj eta ta-de

my-younger-brother read-will Conj I field plough-will
'My younger brother will study and I will cultivate'

29. no-nj mha-de-le nie-n> mha-di-a

you go-will-Disj I go-Int

'Shall you go or I will go.'

30. jon-ni kO-1 Ode-1e ;hiweni-n« kO-lodi'-a che-mo-a

John wjn-wi11 -Disj Lhiwenyi win-wi11 know-not

'(I) don't know whether John will win or Lhiwenyi will win.'
 254 •

4.3. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES. Any stative or declarative

sentence can be changed to interrogative sentence by an interrogative

maker , eg . ,

31(a) . meri-na zowe-a

Mary-nom beautiful

'Mary is beautiful . '

(b) mer i - n9 z owe- n i

Mary-nom beaut"if ul - I n t .

'Is Mary beaut i-ful ?'

32(a). ap-f?-na kewhu-e jv~da

fny-father-nom Kohima-loc go-perf

'My - f a t h e r has gone t o Kohima.'

(b) . apfa-n^ kewhu-e j3-da-ni

'Has my -father gone to Kohima ?.

33(a). pu-nj chahale che-a

he-nom English know-«*|s

'He knows English.'

(b) . pu-n» chahaie cne-a-m

'Does he know English ?'

34(a). pu-na che-1o-da

he-nom know-pe/f

'He has 1 earned it . '

{b) . pu-n9 6he-1o-da-ni

'Has he 1 earned ?'
 A .A . IMPERATIVE SENTENCES: Imperative sentences do not take

the subject o-f the sentence.. Like al 1 the interrogative sentences,

the imperative sentences are closed by an imperative marker, eg.,

35 „ ch9-de
do-imp

' Do i t ! '

36. te-de
go-inip

37 „ lesi-pfo awe- e ch^-ley

book me g i ve- imp

'Give me the book: . '

38. p uwe-e c h3-sa

him give-imp

'Don't give him !'

3?,. meku-sa'
lie-imp

'Don't tel 1 ail ie ! '

4.5. DOUBLE SUBJECT SENTENCE: Khezha has sentences with

double' subjects, both marked wih the nominative marker -na. The:

second subject is pronominal ir.ed i-f it. i Sr identical to the first

subject. It seemr th<:st the -firet subject is- !"ot in the same simple

sentence, as thi.- verb can be shcu^. h, the -fc, ' thot. it has direct
 xl-..'0

relationship with the second subject only. If I he first subject is o.

human subject, a clausal complementizer is i -•< *<|ii i r< >< I tn occur after

the verb which has relationship with the -first subject, rather than

the second one. Thus, it appears that they have a structure that can

bw represented as

C S T S V8] ]

E::ampl e :

4<J . n i l o - n f l wepe-n<> t e - d a si-a

N i l o - n o m Wepe-nom w e n t said

'Nilo said that Wepe h a d g o n e away.'

41. n i l o - n 3 pupfa -IT? puwe-e thro-a si-a

N i l o - n o m his—father—nam him lov< s a i d

'Nilo says that h i s -father loves h i m . '

42. d a r u - n ? s ? - n 9 wemo-a
medicine-nom that-nom good-no

(lit. The m e d i c i n e it is not good)

'The medicine, then it is not good.'

43. ece-nj hi-na eye t o - a - d a

cattle-nom this-nom vegetable eat-will

'If the cattle remains like this it will eat vegetables.'

4.6. SUBJECT AND OBJECT D E L E T I O N : The o c c u r r e n c e of subject or

object c a n become an i l l - f o r m e d sentence in specific situation when

answering the question. For insatnee, the sentences (b) below the

subject/object is recoverable from linguistic or n o l i n y u i s t i c context

 *->cr—>

e v e n i-f it: i s d e l e t e d i n normal s p e e c h , erj . ,

44(a) nib awe-e t h e ~ t f l f j m o - r n

you me know o r n o - I n t .

'Do you know me o r n o t ?'

(b) . che-a

' (T) know (You) '

45(a) . no daba w O n i - a - r o
I where g o w a n t - I n t

'Where do y o u want t o go

(b) . emerika-e wOni-a

' (I) want t o go t o America.'

46(a) . no a k e nU-e c l u - e mo-1 e

y o u m y - h o u s e see can i\o- Int.

'Can y o u - f i n d o u t my l i o u s e ?'

(b) . rjO-e thp-a

see can-asp

'(I) can -find (out your house)

47(a). pu daba be-ro

he w h e r e r e m a i n - I n t
' W h e r e i s he ? '

(b). delhi-e be-a

Delhi remain-c.^1 3

'(He) is in Delhi.'
 258

48(a). n o m e I••: u - a - n i e
you 1ie-Int

'Are you 1ying ?'

(b) . meku ma)

lie no

'(I) am not 1ying . '

4.7. PHRASES.

4.7.1. NOUN PHRASE: Khenha noun phrase may consist of single

noun or a noun with one or more attributes preceding or -following the

head nouns. It may also be a coordinate noun phrases where two or

more head nouns with or without attributes ar-e 1 inked together by a

conjunctive marker. There arE also sentential noun phrases composed

o-f embedded sentences which av^e often enclosed by a determiner or a

case marker. The determiner and nominative case marker indicate the

demarcation o-f the boundary between noun phrase and verb phrase of the

sentential noun phrase. Noun phrases function as subjects of intran-

sitive verbs and stative predicates, agents or patients of transitive

verbs, objects of postpositions and complements of verbs. They ar&

discussed below:

(i). SINGLE NOUN PHRASE: Single nouns phrase may consist

of single noun, eg.,

49. meri wU-a

Mary come--k«v\ »<
'Mary came/has come'
 50. el & j9thr*-a
dish wash

'Was h i 11 g the dish es'

51. lesi hi pf c:Jmete-de

book del. . remave

'Remove the book !'

52. meri-n3 :awe-a

Mary-nom beautiful

'Mary is beautiful'

53. jon-n2 lesike-e wU-da

John school come

' J o h n has gone t o s c h o o l '

v x
cry. i •' •'» A i ' i. '
54. lesi mis? phe be-a
book table on exist
'The book is on the table'

In examples 53, jon 'John' constitute subject noun phrase,

while lesike 'school' constitute predicate noun phrase. Similarly,

lesi 'book' constitute subject noun phrase, while miza 'table'

constitute postpositional noun phrase j-n example SA.

In many cases, adjectives and numerals are used as noun

phrases without a noun. They are illustrated with sentences, eg.,

55. kewe z2 awe-e c2-de

good det• me give

'Give me that good one'

 260

56. ketrO hi zowe-a

w h i t e d e t . b e a u t i-fi.il
' T h i s w h i t e one i s beautiful'

57. t e c e z9 p f o pedi kenu—da

e i g h t d e t . t a k e -four p l u s - d a

'That eight i s a*Wed l&|«lfiev w i t h -four'

58. kecha hi daba-16 wO-ro

three det . where--from come-lnt

'Where did this three came •from ?'

(ii). ATTRIBUTIVE NOUN PHRASE: An attributive noun phrase

built up of a single head with one or more attr:i bute (s) that either

ecede or follow the head noun:

(a) Noun + Adjective

59. era ketrO

cloth white

'white cloth'

60. emi kewe

person good

'good man'

61 . 1imi zokesa
g irl ugl y

'ugl y girl '

 261

62. thromi mel i kewe

boy heart good

'brave bay'

63. eke keche

house new

'new house'

(b) Noun + Numeral :

64 . 1 esi kel e
book one

'one book'

65. emi cir?

person ten

'ten persons'

66. raka' mek i

rupee twenty

'twenty rupees'

67. emi trirOpukele

person hundred-and-seed-one
'one hundred and one persons'

(c) Noun + Determiner:

68. nb hi
you det .

'you (such a type of person)'

 26?

69. lra£i' hi
book del.

'this book'

70. ikezv 2?'

your—friend det.
'your friend (that one)'

71 . lesi' B J
book det.
'the book (which you mentioned)'

(d) Noun + Quantifier:

72 . 1imi kerne
girl some
'some y irls'

73. bethu kece

rice 1ittle

'little quantity of rice'

t

74. lesi katrO

book many

'many books'

75. bethu tina

rice few

'few rice'
 263

(e) Attributive +• Noun:

76. aro netho

our vi11 age
'our vil1 age'

77. enii n e t h o
p e r s o n v i l 1 age

'other's v i l 1 age'

78. dikha netho

Dikha vil1 age

'Dikha's village'

79. kenie tate

day walk(N)

'One day journey'

80. kesero sepu

elders speech

'elders advice'

81 . kec"»ro mhetho
youngers work

'Job for young people'

82. deobani mepQ

Sunday meeting

'Sunday service'

83. melimi kekha

be'i iever prayer

'Prayer o-f believers'

 264

84. kewumi meze

theft problem
'The prohl em of theft'

A noun phrase may also contain pre-nominal and post-nominal

attributes. There are no co-occurrence restrictions across the head
noun, eg.,

NP > Gen + N + Adj + Num + Dem + Q

85. atepi razu keche pedi hiro kerne

my-sister blouse new four these some?

'some of these four new blouses of my sister'

86. aro 1akhu keche pedi hiro med"

our bag new four these al1

'all these four new basket, of ours'

- 87. noro 1eche kemu tekO-ro z» kece

you(pi) fruit riped nine-pl det. few

'few of those six riped fruits of yours'

(iii). COORDINATE NOUN PHRASE: Two or more noun phrases can

be conjoined by either conjunctive particle le or disjunctive particle

mo and leas,

NP > NP + NP (+NP)
 (i) CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE mo and It

p h r a E» e i s b u i 1 I. u p , i. h e c o n j u n c t i v e p a i

o fter i r i :i t i a 1 n o u n p h r a & t?. Ther eafter

occur without further introducing thee (

case, two distinction is observed belwt

phrases. In the case of animate noun,

phrase to be attached by a number mark*

-ro; whereas in the case of inanimate

88. e;:0 le epf£-nhi eke-

mother and fathei—Dl housi

'Father and mother are at

89. thromi le l i m i - n h i wO-a

boy and girl-Dl come

' B o y and g i r l are coming.'

90. ezO le epf? nOmi-ro

mother and father child=F'

'All the father, mother at

91. dikha le nipe wete dilhi |

Dikha and Nipe Wete Dilhi

'Dikha, Nipe, Wete and Di

92. echafl e evo-nhi wO-a

dog and pig-Dl come
'Dog and pig are coming.'
 266

93 a/iii-na metrita le clone ta dewa

w e? - n o n ) m a i;: e a n <::! m :i. 1 1 e t. g r o w f u I i. t I• • r

'We are going to grow mai;re and mil let.'

94. lesi It? pen(--nhi) diba he-ro

boo k a n d p en where re in a in - I n t

'Where are the book and pen.'

95. lesi le pen cokhO 1ssichjka(-TO) ch» mass-a

book and pen si atC pencil use must

'All the book, pen, si ate and pencil are necessary.'

(ii) DISJUNCTIVE particles mo and le: Disjunctive particle can

also conjoin two noun phrase. Unlike conjunctive NP construction,

disjunctive NPs never cause any ambiguity. Because the number marker

is attached to each phrase -for both animate and inanimate nouns in the

case where the number o-f participants in a phrase is more than one.

These types o-f coordinate noun phrase construction under the dominance

of verb phrase normally don't expand more than two phrases. And when

they are expanded more than two pht <J ,t ••., IIK- <fi jV ,< live particle must

occur after t.?ach and i.?very phr-asc"3. The dif/V'i ••< m >> h: 't.:w: •(.•>n l..li<? f'.vo is

thai, mo is used -for state and command, while le is used -for

interrogation:

96. pen mo le &\chaK* kethy i thre bi-a

pen or pencil any same

'It is all the same whether pen or pencil .'

 267

97. mel he mo. 1 akhO-p-fo awe-e c3-l ej

basket-Disj bag me give

'Give me? those two baskets or those two bay, !'

98. thromi-ro mo 1 imi-ro Itiba wu

boy-Pi or girl-PI this side come

'Come this side, either boys or girls'

99. thromi mo limi ketoyi thre bi-a

boy or girl any same

'Whether boy or girl, they are all the same.)

100. hinohi metrita le chsbe-ro

this maize or millet-Int
'Is this maize or millet ?'

lul . thromi le limi wO dewa-ei

boy or girl come -future-Int
'Is boy or girl coming ?'

102. no lesi le pen loni-a-ro

you book or pen want-Int.

'Do you want book or pen ?'

103. whorohi ch?bo le eprg bi-ro

those tree or grass only-Int
'Are those tree or only grass ?'

4.7.2. VERB PHRASE: Like noun phrases, Kliezha verb phrases

also vary considerably in their structures. They may contain one or

more noun phrases, or no noun phrase at all. The composition of noun

 ?J..,B

phrase i s t h e s a m e w h e t her- it f u n c t i o n s u n < :l e r 1h <? c:l o m i r i c n c e o-f no it n

phrase or verb phrase-. A verb phrase is b u i l t up o-' a v e r b , which is

the nucleu o-f the verb p h r a s e w i t h c e r t a i n o t h e r foil o w i n g or

preceding elements. Normally, the post-verb elements consist of the

markers such as tense, aspect, mood, conjunctive and negative. The

adverb may precede or -follow the verb. There ar-B two types o-f verbal

elements: verbs and adjectives. However, the adjectives ar-B always

intransitive in the sense that they do not dominate noun phrases.

Khe::ha verb phrases have the -following possible structure:

VP NP (NP) VB

The above structure rule indicates several verb phrase structure

possib il it ies :

( i) a verb only,

(ii) a verb preceded by a single noun phrase,

(iii) a verb preceded by two or more noun phrases,

(i) VERB PHRASE WITH SINGLE VERB: Every verb phrase has to

contain at least one verb ( V B ) , which is the primary constituent

o-f a verb phrase. The -following sentences contain only one verb

under the dominance o-f verb phrase:

VP > VB
 269

104 » k eweI< h a wO-a

Kewekha come

'Kewekha came/has come/is comi uu

lUo. eco mesa—a

stone heavy

'The stone is heavy'

106. 1 ecjj? mil-da

•fruit riped

'The fruit is riped'

107. nie-nj wO-dewa

I come

'I am coming/will come'

* i
/ \
108. llmi-rT? :owe-a
girl beautiful
'The girl is beautiful'

(ii) VERB PHRASE WITH NOUN PHRASE: Thu -fall owing sentences

contain both a verb and a noun phrase:

VP > NP (NP) VB

109. wete-n# eke meche-a

Wete house c l e a n

'Wete i s c l e a n i n g t h e house'

110. men-n? e k e meche-e cha-a

Mary house c l e a n able

' M a r y can c l e a n t h e house'

 270

111. apf -\\d mel he do-a

my—father basket w\>0ve

'My father is plaiting basket'

112. ami-res evo meru-a

we pig rsar

'We rear pig'

113. 1imi-na thromi-e 1esi-pfo c3-a

girl boy book give

'The girl gave? the boy a book.'

114. nie-na kaj3 1esi-pfo keza hi-.-.

I ground book throw

'I threw the book on the ground . '

115. ami kemetha-n* ami-e metha-a

our teacher UB teach

'Our teacher taught us.'

116. apfa-n3 lesi thu-a

my—father letter write

'My father is writing a letter'

(iii) COORDINATE VERB PHRASE: Two verb phrases can be conjoined

by conjunctive marker -rO and disjunctive particle mo and le, eg.,

(i) Conjunctive Marker -rO:

117. meri-na wO-rO te-da

Mary come-Conj. went
'Mary came and went away'
 271

110. nieri-na khOne to-i-0 be-a

Mary food teat-Conj remain

(Mary is citing -focd so < he remaininy)

119. nie-ra mha-rO wO-da

I go-Conj came

'I went to the -field and came bad::'

120. puuro-nj lacha-rO mhecha-a

they-nom sing-conj work

'They are singing when working'

121. atepi-na awe-e 1ikh0-r0 tre-da

my-sister me angry-Conj cry

'My sister got angry with me and then cried'

(ii) Disjunctive Particle mo and le:

122. no lesi phra mo tata de-ni

you book read Disj cultivate will-Int

'If you don't study, will you cultivate ?'

123. cha mo bi-de

do-Disj stop

'Do or stop it !'

124. no l e s i phra-de le tata-di-a

y o u ook read-wil1-Disj cultivate-wi 1 1

'Shall you study or cultivate? ?'

 77?

1..-5. [ju-n? tre le ng-ya chemo-da

he cry Disj laugh I: iio< • -~rn >

'I don't know whether he cried or- laughed,'

126. nie be le mha de-ro

I remain Disj go fut-Int

'Shall I stay or yo to the field '""

4.8. WORD ORDER VARI ATI ON:

Khezha is a verb—-final language. Word order' in the lenience is

relatively -free, as long as the sentence ends i-rilli a main verb. This

is not surprising, however, because there <Ar& a number of overt

syntactic markers which specify syntactic relations within (lie

sentence and al 1 caw unambiguous identification uf function not

dependent on word order. In some cases, however, morphological

markings of syntatic relations are restricted. This makes some

statement of normal word order possible. Thus, the anlysis reveals

two trends: (i) freedom of word order variation where the syntactic

relations are overtly marked; and (ii) word order pattern is fixed

where the syntactic relation are covertly marked. Consider the

following word order variations. The sentence like 'Wepe gave me a

book' in Khezha can have the following word order variations:

 ?73

i*: 7 ( a ) . w e p e - n » awe-e lesi-pfo c.3--a

Wepe-nom me-acc b o o k - l n s l . y :i vi...•

(b) . wepe-n? l e s i - p f o awe-tj c9 a

(<:) . awe~e w e p e - n » 1 es:i - p f o ca~a

(iJ ) . awe-e 1 es i -p f a wep e ~ n 9 c.•?' - a

(e) . lesi-pfo wepe-na awe-e c.3~a.

(f ) . le%i-pfo awe-e wepe-n? c. 3-a

In the above sentences., -na, - e , and -p-fo i\r& case markers

representing the nominative, accusative and instrumental case marking.

All of them preserve the original meaning of the sentence (a). The

subject initial sentence pattern is the most common among the various

word order patterns. However, despite of that, :i n general , it is

extremely difficult to establish an underlying wort! ;:>rder of

constituents of a free word order language like Khezha. Consider

again the sentences where the accusative marker is 0. Even in the

cases where the accusative case is not overtly marked, the free word

order variation is still possible:

128(a). wepe-n? eha bophro-da

Wepe-nom cup broke

(b) . eha wepe-n? bophro-da

'Wepe broke the glass.'

Similarly, in all the cases the position of direct and indirect

object can be interchanged without any restriction, but the position

 274

o-f verb is always -fixed in the -final position of the s e r i L t nee , ey. ,

129(a) * * tliu hi-a

W!:'pe-n3 a--nhi e le',1
Wepe me-to letter write:'

(b) Wepe-ri3 lesi a-nhie I lui hi-a

'Wepe wrote a letter to me.'

13u(a) akeiTU--n3 throminO kele awe-e monO :-»--a

my-wife boy-baby one me born

(b) akemi-n? awe-e throminO kele mcnO .-»-a

'My wi-fe gave birth a baby boy to me.'

There is however, one possible syntactic argument for hypothesi-

-'iri'j ",0V, and not. say OSV, as representing the underlying word order

•for Khezha. For example, in the cases where both the subject and

object do not take any morphological marker, the subject position is

-fixed in the initial position. Thus, the object follows the subject,

eg • ,

131(a) . chvka anech^ kethu-da

stick my-eye hit

'The stick hit my eye.'

(b) . anecha chaka kethu-da

my-eye stick hit !

'My eye hit the stick.'

In the sentence 1 3 1 ( a ) , 'the stick' is agent and 'my eye' is

 27:;

p a t . i. e n I: ,' w h i l e in the <.:a<.:;n o f t.hi.> 'M'III.I'MI.I.' IHI (|I) , ' tl\, < • y» •' i •, , i g e i i l

and ' the s 1; i c k ' |:>at. i tont . Hence \ I \e <r>en 1< M I(;• < • 1 3 2 ( h ) heldw ir. not

possible where the nominative case is not overtly m.ir-l < •<! :

132(a). wepe lesi thu-a

Wepe book write

'Wepe is writing a letter.'

(b) #lesi wepe thu-a

Since the subject and object positions are fined to SOV pattern

where their" cases i.\fE' not morpholocal1y marked, wr /nay conclude that

Khezha is SOV language.

In the case of the order of the clause",, 1 he p* >• > i t i un of the

subordinate clause is fi::ed in the initial position • -ihenever there is

only one subordinate clause in the sentence, eg.,

133. pu wU-ele m e be-eha

he come-if I remain-not

'If he comes I will not stay.'

134. no chal oyiwe-el e awe-e prisa tepu-hi malesa-a

you possible-if me money lend must

'If possible you must lend me some money.'

In the above sentences, the boundary between the main clause and

the subordinate clause is demarcated by the conjunctive marker -ele.

 276

T h u s , Uie subord iiidte clause is -fined in the initai1 position of [In-

sentence in all the cases. However, in the case?, where I hoi e ai •• two

subordinate clauses, the position of the principal is f hied between

!. I >n two cl auses .

In the case of the coordinate sentences, i.e., when the

conjunction conjoins two principal clauses, the conjunction must

occur between the two clauses. In this case, the position of the

clauses can be interchanged freely, eg.,

1371(a). ipfa-n? mheche sio isO-na ;-nwi' ->i ,\

your-father educated Con j . your~niol..her beautiful likewise

'Your father is educated and your mother- is beautiful .'

(b) . izO-n^ zowe sio ipf»-n» mheche s i-~a

'Your mother is beautiful and your fattier is educated.'

136(a). meri-n? zowe-a ne nipe-e-na zos?--a

Mary beautiful Conj . Neipe-e ugly

'Mary is beautiful but Neipe-e is ugly.'

(b).. nipe-e-n? zbsa-a' ne meri-na zowe-a

'Neipe-e is ugly but Mary is beautiful .'

In Khezha, the position of adjective and numeral is fixed, eg.,

 277

r-, I t \
137 . 1 i i i i i kewe
g i r l good
'good g i r l '

138. thromi ketha

boy tal1

'tall boy'

139. 1 i'mi k e l e
g i r l one?

'one girl'

140. lesi pedi

book four

' • f o u r book s '

When adjective and numeral occur together, the numeral must

occur after adjective, eg.,
X

/ /
141. 1 imi kewe kele
girl good one
'one good girl'

142. thromi ketha pedi

boy tal1 four

'four tal1 boy'

Adverb always occurs ofter verb or adjective, eg.,

 27G

143. we *>e
good Adv.
' very yood'

144. nie inlie to ";e~<::!a

I food eat Adv

'I ate -food so much.

145. pu-n? ch«? mesa so-da

he-nom do
'He did it badly

146. nie-n9 puwe-e kech^rO menie sc'-da

I-nom him-acc meet and shamo Adv

'I -felt very shy by meeting him.'

(lit. I met him and I felt very shy)

— 0 —
 279

Words:

Words are arranged in alphabetical order. Proper names are not

included in the list. Compound words and loan words which facilitate

grammatical explanation arB included, the rest are excluded. Since

the list is intended mainly to facilitate understanding of the

grammatical categories, their meanings are not eleborately discussed,

but to give some indication of the most central meaning of Khezha

words.

a- N ' 'first person possessive' ,eg . , atepi 'my sister'

ami N 'we' (exclusive second person)'

a'nhi N 'we (Dual)'

aro N 'we (plural ) '

afe adv 'before'

afe adv 'long before'

ba Vint 'to joke'

ba Vtr 'to place horizontally',

ba Vtr 'to put on shawl on body'

baco N 'wrist'

bal akez2 adj 'lucky (in purchasing animals from others for
rearing that the purchased animal brings blessing
to the new owner)'
bali N 'forearm'
balu N 'sand for construction'

bapfo N 'arm between wrist and elbow'

 280

baphe adj 'horizontal'

bas* N 'handle'

basu N 'elbow'

bata N 'production o-f crops'

bata N 'muscle loading gun'

bathi adj 'care-full (in giving things to others)'

batha adj 'hand which steals' (lit. long hand)

batra N 'thumb'

bathra N 'hand'

bac3 N 'finger'

bacanOke N 'little -finger'

bacakwe N 'finger nail'

baza N 'paw'

ba5a N 'hand towel for lifting pots while cooking'

be Vint 'to sit', '*• •v«*rt*»'"'

be Vtr 'to boil vegetables', 'to have'

be Vtr 'to add'

bedi N 'a kind of long jump' (jump by standing)

bedie N 'capital/headquarter'

bel he Vtr 'to gather paddy after drying in the sun'

bera N 'chair'

bethu N 'rice'

bi Vtr 'to throw (stone)', 'to patch'

bi Vint 'to stop',

 2B1

bO Vint 'to clear excreta'

bO Vint 'to swel1',

bO Vtr 'to protect from falling'

bOkhO N 'latrine'

bOkhOke N 'shed for latrine'

bOkwe N 'hard stool'

bOkhwe N 'a kind of black frog found in the river'

b0z3 N 'dirts carry aw*y by water from the village'

bOza N 'soft stool'

bOz^bO Vint 'having loose motion'

bOzakebO' N 'diarhea'

bo Vtr 'touch'

bo Vtr 'to imprison'

-bo adv 'indicating suddenly/instentaneously'

-bo adj indicating 'used/ second hand'

bole. Vtr 'to drop/spill' (by touching)

bo7jQ.ioche N 'tomato'

borOmicache N 'a variety of chillies big in size and very hot'

bu Vtr 'to enclose' , {\c b-r<W[b,Wc^

bu Vtr 'to cut with scissors',

-bu Vtr 'to gather together in one place'

bule N 'measure of barn'

bulo Vint 'to take out grain from grainary'

bvo Vtr 'to take out paady from barn'

 282

bvo Vint 'grow of new leaves'

bva Vtr 'to suppress'

cabi' N 'lock'

caha N 'tea'

catrd N 'tea without sugar and milk'

ce Vtr 'to water the plant', 'tease',

ce Vint 'open hole'

ce vtr 'to mix liguid',

cedie N 'month corresponding with November'

ceke N 'season for harvesting paddy'

ceco N 'hard rock'

ci adj 'smal1'

ci Vtr 'kick with f l a t foot'

cinie N 'wealth'

ciwa N 'wal 1 '

cirO -N 'front board of the house'

cirO N 'dry bamboo stick'

cirOke' N 'house constructed with bi board in the front side of th

house'

cirhO N 'bamboo bar for holding thatch in the roof'

crass Vtr 'kick with toe'

co Vint 'wake up'

to adj 'indicating as it is ready, okay, etc.

coha N 'akind of red ant'

 5183

coca N 'a kind o-f red ant'

chaha N 'officer'

che adj 'artful '

che Vtr 'frknow' , 'fohear' ,

the Vtr '^insert'

chele Vint 'to sing while working or walking'

chel i N 'petticoat -for women'

chena N 'a kind of hornet'

cheena adv 'early in the morning'

chi Vint 'to die'

chica N 'a kind of poisoneous tree'

chijakeche N 'prophecy'

chijskechemi N 'prophet'

chiyili Vint 'a kind of expression of cursing someone'

"cti& Vtr 'to curse someone by the community, 'to concide with'
clra adj 'enough/sufficient'

ch-abe N 'millet'

chS>chi adj 'weak/fatigue'

chalo N 'shifting cultivation'

chspahi N 'army'

clra'rhi adj 'enthusiastic'

chwe N 'a kind of rake for spreading paddy while drying in the sun'
thsi.^ N 'a kind of blue bird whose feather is used as ornament by
menfolk of Khezhas'
 284

da Vtr 'add' (liguid)

da Vint 'wet', 'to place in row'

daboe adv 'where' (exact point of place)

dal i' N 'dal '

dano N 'which'(Sg)

dapa adv 'where' (part of desection)

da'ro N 'which' (PI)

daru N 'medicine'

daze adv 'how much'

de Vtr 'to beat'

de Vtr 'to plug vegetables'

di Vtr 'to fold leave for making cup to drink', 'to rule/control'

di Vint 'flow of water',

di Vtr 'to place in standing position'

di Vtr 'to wish to own something'

dibi N 'what'

dibikechanhie adv 'when'

dibidacharO adv 'in what way'

dibikechS'je 1 o adv 'for what reason'

dibicharO adv 'how/why/for what reason '

die adj 'big'

dicharO adv 'why'

dize adv 'how many'

do Vtr 'to weave',

 285

do Vtr 'to block'

do adj 'expression of asking or in some cases it indicates that the

speaker has decided to act'

dole adj 'frank'

dO Vtr 'to cut' (log)

dO Vtr 'to hook with rope'

dOl i N 'half o-f rupee'

du Vtr 'to cut' <but not to cut apart)

du Vtr 'to touch with pointed edge'

dumi N 'ancient people'

dumise N '-folk-tale'

je Vtr 'to wrap'

je Vtr 'to soothe', 'to construct in layer'

j-& Vtr 'to burn', to descend', 'sting'

j-3 Vtr 'to boil soft'

jana N 'a kind o-f tool -for weaving'

j9nie N 'a name o-f festival '

eba N 'arm', 'branch'

eba N 'shoot of plant'

ebe N 'space', 'paddy in the house'

ebrf N 'layer'

ebO N 'stool (excreta)'

ebo N 'cadge'

ebb N 'stem', 'base'

 286

ebo N 'hive'

ebu N 'barn'

ebu N 'room or any kind of space inside'

ebu N 'arm'

ebva N 'bunch'

ebv^ Vtr 'to step over so that things inside are destroyed'

ebva adj 'half rotten'

ebva N 'chaff

ebvo N 'two measure of-basket'

ece N 'rock',

eci' N 'horn', 'a kind of twig'

ec? N 'baby animal/bird', 'interest of money'

ecu N 'children of brothers and sisters'

eche N 'fruit in the tree'

eche N 'any kind of basket for carrying on back'

echi N 'bile',

echi N 'behind'

echs N 'breathe'

echa N 'seed'

echu adj 'fit'

eda N 'trick'

ede N "leech'

edi N 'smel1'

edO N 'lump'
 2B7

edie N 'breadth'

eje N 'parcel '

eje N 'story'

eja N 'yam'

ej"a N 'frame -for weaving'

ej"3 N 'one measure of basket'

efs> N 'teeth'

efa N 'fowl '

eha N 'cup'

ehi N 'taste'

ehu N 'singing during festival by menfolk'

ehu Vint 'to sing (ehu)'

eha N 'way'

eja N 'yesterday'

eje N 'width'

ej"3 • N 'water'

ejV N 'testicles'

ej» N 'front'

eka N 'meaning'

eka N 'a kind of stick with two branches at the other end'

eke N 'house'

eke N 'last end'

ekO N 'strength at the time of doing action'

ekO N 'measure from thumb to longest finger'

 288

eku N 'convenient ,side of body position'

eku N 'monkey'

eko N 'muscle'

ekhi N 'a kind of water-tight woven basket'

ekhe N ' a k i n d of jungle cat'

ekhi N ' • f e n c i n g o-f village'

ekhO N '-fish', 'plate', 'coffin'

ekho N 'nest'

ekhu N 'tiger'

ekhu Vint 'to cough'

ekhu adj 'crooked'

ekwe N 'sheep'

ekwe N 'shell', 'tree bark'

ekhwe N 'sound'

ekhwi N 'a kind of jungle fowl'

el a " Vint 'stand'

ela N 'falcon'

ele N 'line'

el e N 'language'

ele Vint 'return'

ele Vint 'move'

ele Vint 'to fall (object)'

ele N 'pot'

eli N 'larvae which lives in the tree trunk'

 289

el i N ' b u f f a l o'

eli N 'mind'

elu N 'space inside'

e l ha Vtr ' t o keep away f r o m something'

e l he N 'foetus'

elha N 'health'

ema Vint 'swel1'

ema N 'brother-inlaw'

ema N 'ghost'

ema N 'swel1ing'

erne N 'cost price'

erne N 'fire'

en\6 Vtr 'heal of wound'

emi N 'person'

emi N 'origin'

ema N 'initial', 'goat'

em? N 'a kind of fruit used as medicine'

emu N 'land-slide'

emo N 'female organ'

emo N 'dream'

emu N '1and-slide'

emha N 'going to the field (bee)'

emhe N 'thing', 'food'

emhi N 'feather/hair of body'

 290

enihi N 'spear'

emhO N '-face'

ena N 'vein'

ena N 'dress'

ene N 'establishment o-f village'

ene Vtr 'to press'

ena N 'leaf'

enO N 'child'

eno N 'days for ritual performance which last for seven days'

eno N 'wife of elder brother'

enia N 'instrument'

enie N 'festival', 'unbred female animal', 'shame'

eni N 'father's/husband's sister', 'mother-inlaw'

eni adj 'happy'

enio N 'soil'

eniu N 'breast'

enhie N 'near'

enhi adj 'wringled'

enhi adj 'broken blade', 'solidified'

enhi N 'powdery object'

enh? N 'a kind of woven leaves item to put on the back to protect
rain while working'

enhO N 'puss'

epa N 'flowering'
 291

epa N 'mushroom'

epa N "fungus-that g r o w s on t h e water'

epa N ' b e n c h -For g r i n d i n g grains'

epa N 'piece'

epi Vint 'to -fall hair/leaves'

epi Vint 'to -fall sand/soil (not actually land-slide)'

epu N 'bridge'

epu N '-father o-f husband or wife' , 'grand—father'

epu Vint 'to expand while cooking ro soaking in the water'

epu N 'debt'

epha N 'fat'

epha N 'habit'

ephe N 'leg'

ephi N 'meadow'

ephi N 'husk'

ephu N 'weight o-f body'

ep-f-z N '-father'

ep-fg adj 'thin'

ep-fg Vint 'to occur rash on the body'

ep-fha N 'site -for building'

ep-fho N 'lung'
epra N 'meat -for distributing to dear ones -for remembrance o-f death
person'

epre N 'spleen'
 292

epri N 'needle

epra N 'brother of sister'

epr3 N 'grass'

epra N 'growing o-f young leaves'

eprgt' Vint/Vtr 'to mate (animal s)'

epru N 'elephant'

ephra N 'piece o-f -flat bread or bee-hive

era' N 'cl imax of one's 1 if e'

era N 'independent behaviour'

era N 'cloth'

ere N 'outside the village'

ere Vint 'to migrate (animals/birds)'

ete VH '"to Wovtt'
eri N 'a kind of jungle fowl'

eri N 'feeling unfree'

eri N 'war'

eri N 'boundary'

eri Vint TO recur pain, sickness, etc.'

erO N 'sound of crying'

hrd N 'a kind of twig'

eru N 'bone', 'a kind of jungle rat'

ero N 'catching of bird with gum'

erhe N 'a kind of cloth used as ornament'

erhi N 'lice of hair'

erho N 'rope',
 293

erhO N 'soya-beans'

esa adj 'dried completely'

ese Vint 'to bend and hide'

ese N 'message', 'curse'

eso Vint 'to go and sleep in the community place'

eso N 'penis'

esO* N 'a kind of plant having long stem'

ese N 'gossiping'

ese N 'uncooked stale rice'

es3 N 'place'

esa adj 'thick'

htd N 'food for animal/fowl'

eta N 'cultivation'

ete N 'usual route of someone or animals'

ete N 'cooked seed, especially to eat along with drinks'

etu N 'lump or any objects amass together'

etha N 'height'

ethe N 'deer'

ethe N 'hair of head'

ethi N 'powder rice'

etho N 'thorn'

ethO N 'bangle'

etre N 'used object', 'fruits hanging together on a branch'

etr^ N 'capital of money', 'mother aninmal/bird'

 294

ethra N '-friend', 'rein-deer'

ethrO N 'tax'

ethr? N 'moon', 'month'

ethra N 'lice o-f body'

ethr? N 'shadow'

ece N 'gum'

ece N 'cattle'

eco N 'stone'

ec? N 'neck-lace'

eci N 'sky'
koy
echa N ' a k i n d of snaked* ^'

echO N 'fat o-f t h e skin'

ech^ N 'dog'

echa N 'timber', -fire-wood'

echa' N 'meat', 'complexion'

eche N 'loop' . ( ,

eva N 'horn-bill' , 'to lean against'

evo N 'pig'

ewe N 'bear (animal)', 'possession'

ewe N 'sand'

ewO N ' crab'

ewO N '-forest'

ewu \MW '^travel '

ewu , adj
ewu Vtr 'to steal'

(ejwumi N 'traveller'

ewhe N 'dependent'

eye N 'star', 'soft portion inside pumpkin, cucumber, etc

eye N 'vegetables'

eyi N 'shoot of banana tree'

eza N 'chopper'

eza N 'earning of name by achieving something', 'day'

eze N 'name', 'mark'

hz* N 'bed'

ez9 N 'dew'

eza adj 'astray'

ez3 Vint 'itisleep'

ezO N v'mat' t

ezO N 'mother (human)'

ezO . N 'boys of having good physical body'

eza N 'beauty'

ezo adj 'fast dimishing'

ezo adj 'already late'

eze N 'blood relationship'

ezi' N 'lake'

ezi N 'iron' , 'pretention', 'skin'

ezi N 'blood'

ezi adj 'loose'

 296

eza N 'sambar', 'young unfully grown leaf'

eio N 'common name of bee'

ezo N 'habit', 'rule'

eiu n 'rat'

fa Vtr 'to chase', 'to blow (wind)'

f3 Vtr 'to occur some event unexpectedly'

f»bo N 'molar'

fe'c-9 N 'chick'

fadie N 'tracopine'

fS>J(a N 'cock'

fakeni N 'gum of teeth'

f©1 a N 'a kind of stem with which menfolk play a game'

fala N 'unbred hen'

f3ra N 'hailstone'

f9tra N 'hen'

fac» N 'duck'

f3cV*3N 'chicken (meat)'

fai© N 'cavity of tooth'

ha Vtr 'to saw', ' t o cut by rubing'

fta Vtr ' t o unlock trigger'

nadie N 'main road'

ha adj 'red'
hamera adv 'completely red'

hatha adv 'slightly red'

 297

ha Vint 'to yawn'

hata N 'smal1 cup'

hatu Vint 'to sneeze'

hapO N 'hollow bamboo'

hapOha N 'bamboo cup'

he Vtr 'to slice so that the sliced portion becomes lower'

he adj 'higher in value'

he Vint 'to endure'

he adv 'here'

heho N 'a kind of monkey

hi adj 'tasty'

hino N 'this'

hinhi N 'these(Dl)'

hxro N 'these(Pl)'

hiba adv 'this side'

ho "Vtr 'to make hole'

ho Vtr 'to dig'

5£te N '-fermented soya-b& a n '

jaduni adv 'recent past'

jal» N 'net'

3e Vtr 'to feel unhappy v^jth someone'

ja adj 'short'

Jaba adv 'front side'

j3bu N 'pool/wel 1 '

 298

jabu N 'water container'

jana N 'water channel'
jakadie N 'sea/ocean'
jdku N 'cold water'
jakhO N 'well/tank'
J3la N 'water channel made of bamboo'
jal e N 'water that -flow out with full force from the ground'
jal i N 'warm water
3al0 N 'little quantity of water that leak out from the ground'
JalOke' 'place where water leak out'
jama N 'original source of water'
•jantpi , N 'spring water'
janhike N 'hole where water flow out from the ground'
janhio N 'swamp'
Hthu Vtr 'to wash cloth'
jathrs> Vint 'to bath'
Jo Vtr 'to touch'
3o Vtr 'to taste with tongue'
jo adj 'committed error/sin'
jokho N 'jaw'
jokhoru N 'bone of jaw'
ka adj 'wide'
ka Vtr 'to step'
ka Vtr 'to shoot with arrow/cataple'
 299

kabu N 'shoulder'

kabva N 'plank for constructing the roof of house'

kabvache M 'a kind of fig like fruit'

kabv3ke N 'house which roof is covered by plank only'

kadOdtf N 'owl '

kadi'e adj/N 'big'

kadie adj 'different'

kadiedie N 'various'

kaja N 'world/earth'

kajaketO N 'mountain/hill'

kajakechi' N 'desert' (lit. death earth)'

kakepu N 'teacher/instructor'

kala N 'stick of palm kernel for burning'

kapu Vtr 'to advise'

kapuche N 'apple

kapfh"» N 'spade'

kare Vint 'to sell the body (women)'

karemi N 'prostitute'

karha N 'a kind of soya-bean'

karhu N 'dust'

kathi N 'pit-axe'

kavs N 'bamboo'

kaza N 'salary'

ke Vtr 'to take out food with spoon'

 300

keba N 'bell/hour'

kebe Vtr 'to place in lasers

kebi N '-fight by throwing at each other'

kebi' adj 'to become very thin (health)'

kebo N 'any type of fighting'

kebb Vtr 'to produce sound by beating'

kebo N 'imprisonment'

keboke N 'jail'

kebO Vtr 'to mix'

kebu N 'gun'

kebu N 'pit-hole'

kebu Vtr 'to thrash in between'

kebu adj 'unable to enter due to the size'

kebucha N 'bullet'

kece Vtr 'to chase away by shouting'

kece Vtr 'to remove minor objects which are stucked on'

kece Vint 'to tease each other', 'to mix cold and hot objects'

keceke N 'hole'

keci Vtr 'to insert'

keci adj 'smal1'

keci N 'house-horn'

kecike N ' t y p e of house having house-horn'

kecina adj 'tiny/little'

kefcird N 'pouch in t h e h o u s e '

 301

keche N 'knowing', 'object -for inserting'

kethe N ' morning

keche? N 'waist'

kethe Vtr 'to plait'

kecheba N/adv 'low-land ^rea'

kecheena adv 'early in the morning'

kechhkh* N 'belt'

kechi' N 'death'

kechs Vtr 'to instigate'

kech9 Vtr 'to meet'

kecha N 'su-f-f icient quantity'

kecho Vtr 'to clear (weeds with spade)'

keda Vint/Vtr 'to waste'

keda N 'wet object'

keda Vtr/Vint 'to debate (between boys and girls)'

kedadae adv 'sometimes'

kedake N 'wet -field'

kede Vint 'to -fight witl\ hand'

kede Vtr .'to select'

kede Vtr 'to threaten'

kede Vtr 'to change'

kedi' N 'king'
kedi N 'court-yard o-f the house'

kedimi N 'common name of king'

 302

kedipi 'queen'

kedithro N 'drainage of the house'

kedija N 'water that -flow in the drainage of the house'

kedi kehu N 'environment of the house'

kedO Vtr 'to disturb'

kedO Vtr 'to entangle by rope'

kedO Vtr 'to remain together in the same row'

kedtf Vtr 'to defile'

kedo N 'unit of the village (colony)'

kedo Vtr 'to tempt'

kedu N 'to fight with sword'

kedu N 'cutting'

kedu N ' t o fold the r o p e '

kedie adj 'big'

keje Vi' 'io c l V
kej£ Vint 'to play'
kej-a V t r ' t o deceive'
keja vtr «4.o hi4 fey -(h^oujing*
kej-a' N ' t h e o t h e r o n e '
keja adj 'excess'

kej^j^emo adv 'because'

kefa Vint ' t o c e l e b r a t e in somebody's village'

kef? Vtr ' t o c l e a n paddy by blowing with mat'

keha* adj 'red'

kehamera adv 'completely red'

kehe Vtr 'to increase'

 303

kehe Vtr 'to raise'

kehi Vtr 'to swing object with hand'

kehi Vtr 'to wave hand/ object'

keho N 'rivulet', 'a kind of monkey'

kehothe N 'a kind of small honey bee'

kehu N 'meeting', 'church service'

kehu N 'inside the house'

keje adv 'short-while'

keje N 'ill-feeling on someone'

keja adj 'short'

kejo N 'sin/crime'

kejo Vtr 'to crash with object'

kejo N 'parrot'

keka Vtr 'to fillip', 'to fight with arrows'

keka" N 'width'

kekaba N 'wider side'

keke N 'lost in business'

keke Vtr 'to take out with stick'

kekekhwe N 'waiter of house'

kekd N 'strength'

keko Vint 'to call each other'

keku Vtr 'to look after someone's living or at the time of sickness'

kekha Vint 'to engage for work'

kekha N 'prayer'
 304

kekhe Vtr 'to control'

kekhe N 'knitting'

kekhO Vint 'to push each other',

kekhO N 'bitter things'

kekhO Vtr 'to strike'

kekho Vint 'to depart'

kekhu N 'chest'

kekhu adj 'crooked (not straight)'

kekhwe Vtr 'to wait'

kekhwe N 'waiter'

kekhwetrs* N 'queen of bees'

kela N 'marriage'

kela Vtr 'to make stand'

kele N 'one'

kel e Vtr 'to select care-fully', 'to move'

kele Vtr 'to return after taking'

kele Vint 'to wed',

kele Vtr 'to turn upside-down', 'to^pit out object'

kele N 'hole'

kele N 'squirrel'

kele N ' a k i n d of game'

keleru N 'millipede'

keli N 'heat'

keli Vtr 'to pull up skin by pinching'

 305

kel i N 'marrow'

kel i Vtr 'to salute'

kelo N 'acceptable one',

kelo Vtr 'to move up and down', 'to glister'

kelhe Vtr 'to throw'

kelhe Vtr 'to spread/scatter'

kelhi Vint 'to sweat'

kelhi N 'behaviour', 'burn while cooking/roasting'

kelhija N 'sweat'

kelhO N 'work of manufacturing'

kelho N 'tireness'

kelhu Vtr ' t o cook s l i g h t l y t o . m i n i m i s e t h e raw smell'

kema Vint ' t o make mistake in i d e n t i f y i n g object'

kerne adv 'some'

kerne Vtr 'to clutch together'

kerne Vtr 'to join'

kemetha N 'teacher'

kemO Vtr 'to weed out with hand'

kemo N 'the one which are not wanted'

kemo N 'una!ertness'

kemometha adv 'until 1'

kema N 'doing against one's will'

kemha N 'the going to the field'

kemhu N 'cloud'
 306

kemhO N 'dust'

kemhO N 'front side of house roof'

kemhO Vtr 'to try to pick up without looking'

kemho adj 'grey'

kemho N 'a kind of snake'

kena Vtr 'to massage'

kene Vint 'to clap together'

kena' N 'ear'

kena adj/Vint) 'prihibited', 'to prohibit (in term of religious

bel ief) '

kenabO N 'eai—wax'

kensnOne N 'ear-lope'

kenapo adj 'deaf'

kenstOra adj 'faded (hearing)'

kenu Vtr 'to collect/gather'

keni N 'front teeth'

keni N 'happiness'

keni Vtr 'to shake'

keni Vtr 'to cut word of someone'

kenia Vtr/Vint 'to protest'

kenie adv 'some day'

kenieni N 'a day'

kenie Vtr 'insult'
kenie N 'richness'
 307

keniemi N 'rich people'

k en 1 wO N ' -f rog '

kenirO N 'measles'

kenio Vtr 'to smear', 'to mix mud'

keniu Vtr 'to cut off upper portion' (eg., tree), 'to wash mouth'

kenhi N 'two'

kenha Vtr 'paint'

kenO adv 'latter'

kenO N 'brother and sister'

kenOkele adj 'last'

kenOmi N 'the one who is related by blood'

kenOmi N 'late comer'

kenhi Vtr 'to shrink'

kepa Vint 'to feel sorry to lose'

kepa hi 'part of some quantity'

kepa adj 'bright colour'

kepe N 'a kind of instrument for weaving'

kepe Vtr 'to do minor works'

kepO N 'e>:pi osion'

kepd> N 'forehead', 'at the edge of anything'

kepo N 'top most part at the front of house'

kepu N 'speech'

kepu Vtr 'to reach someone on the way', 'to betroth'

kepha" N 'taste of sal tl essness'

 308

kepha Vtr 'to spray water'

kephe Vint 'to numb'

kephe N 'tightening'

kephe Vtr 'to prepare a kind of food'

kepho N 'a variety of large bamboo'

kepho N 'drying of grain in the sun-shine'

kephu N 'number of house'

kephu N 'rope used for carrying basket on back'

kephuma N 'sin'

kepfa Vint 'to penetrate'

kepfa N 'things to carry' , ' c ^ f » °-le'

kepfs adj 'thin'

kepfo Vint 'fight between two bulls'

kepfha Vtr 'to visit as guest'

kepfhs> N 'site for building'

kepra adj 'hurry'

kepre Vtr 'to spring'

kepre" adj 'ferocious (wife/mother) '

kepri 'to beat with small but tough stick'

kepro N 'broken one'

kephra Vint »'to joke and laugh together'

kephra Vtr 'to discuss on something informally'

kephri Vtr 'to share things with others '

kera Vtr 'to arrest'

 309

kera N 'thin cover'

kere Vtr 'to mix'

kere Vtr 'to rinse'

kere Vtr 'to clear hole'

kere N 'difficulty'

kerebe N 'a variety of rice'

ken N 'river', 'intestine'

keri adv 'prior'

keri Vint 'to draff

keri^kele adj 'first'

ker^' Vtr 'to rol 1 '

kera Vtr 'to sharpen'

kera N 'lid'

kero Vtr ' t o plug roughly'

kero adj 'sexy'

keru N 'injection'

keru N 'roof of the house'

kerha Vtr 'spread'

kerhe N .'drawing of picture)'

kerhe Vtr 'to scrab'

kerhebi N 'thing to draw'

kerhi N '1iving'

kerhi N 'dirt on the body'

kerlra N 'leader of gang'

 310

kerha Vtr 'to pierce'

kerh^ Vint/Vtr 'to mi:-: together'

f N

kerhabi N 'eraser'

kerho Vint 'to exchange w o r d '

kerho Vtr 'to boil '

kerhu N 'poison'

kefia Vtr 'to compete'

keha N 'sawing (o-f timber)'

kesa N 'a kind of axe -for thinning the wood'

kese N 'cover'

kese Vtr -'to press down'

kese Vint 'to clash'

kesa N 'tug-of-war' , 'badness',

kesa Vint 'to hiccup',

kes» Vtr 'to make -fall by shaking'

kes^ N 'top most bar of the house'

kesO adj 'quite'

kesO N 'burning'

keso Vtr 'to arrange/prepare'

kes6 N 'truth'

kesokO adv 'honestly'

keso Vtr 'to pull at once'

kesoso 'to drink the same quality and quantity'
 311

kese* adj 'old (living thing)'

kese Vtr 'to test on somebody'

kesi Vtr ' t o t o u c h each other'

kesa Vtr 'to scold'

kesa N 'thickness'

keso N 'drink'

kes6 Vtr 'to point at something'

kesu Vtr 'to fight at something'

keta N 'rotten thing'

keta Vtr 'to discuss on something'

kete N 'race'

kete Vtr 'to hide

ketemeja adj 'all/entire'

keti N 'mouth'
keti Vtr 'to push'

keti Vtr 'to push each other/to try to be equal with someone'
ketimhi N 'moustache'

ketis» adj 'talkative'

ketizimO N 'side of the mouth'

ketika adj 'greedy' (lit. wide mouth)

keto' N 'high portion of any object'

ketO adv 'any'

ketO adj 'careless'

ketOba adv 'anywhere'

 312

ketOboe adv 'any point o-f place'

ketoke adv 'any point of time'

ketOnhie adv 'any time'

ketOnhie N 'at anybody'

ketOyi N 'anything/anybody'

ketO Vtr 'to rol 1 '

keto adj 'eatable'

keto Vtr 'to eat by taking out -from dish'

ketoto Vint 'to eat the same quality and quantity'

ketotokesoso Vint 'to eat and drink the same quantity and qual ity'

ketokeso N 'food' (thing to eat and drink)

ketoru N 'rib'

ketha adj 'long'

kethe Vtr 'to select'

kethe N 'criticism'

kethi N 'shaving'

kethO Vtr/Vint 'to shout at each other'

kethO Vtr 'to cook dry'

ketho N 'back side of house'

kethor^le N 'door at the back of house'

kethu N 'writing'

kethu N 'fight by hitting7 (eg., bull)

ketrami N 'person in high position'

ketre adj 'old (inanimate)'

 313

ketre N 'way o-f crying'

ketre Vtr 'to extend'

ketri N 'mistake, ^in'

ketri Vtr 'to give secretly'

ketrs Vtr 'drink (at once) '

ketra Vtr 'to make drink'

ketra N 'dirty (water)'

ketrO adj 'white'

kethre Vint 'to plan together'

kethri Vtr 'to -fold'

kethri N 'purchasing', 'object for support'

kethra adj 'sweet'

kethra adj ' tough/di-f f icul t'

kethrsthroe N 'under the house'

kethri adj 'sour',

kethri N 'scolding/grumbling'

kethro adj 'illegal (relationship with opposite sex)'

kethrup-fo Vtr 'to carry together'

keca N .'gate o-f the village'

keca N 'stick -for entangling something'

kece adj '-few'

kece 'old 'human)', 'to send someone'

keca adj 'blackness'

kec 2 N 'garden' ,
 314

keca Vint 'to keep oneself excessively cold'

kec9 N 'laziness'

kec? Vtr 'to enquire thouroughly'

l;ec? N 'head'
kecakecha N 'cutting of hair'
kecakecWarri'i
N 'barber'

kec-aru N 'skul 1 '

kecathe N 'hair of head'

keco adv 'not more than'

kecha Vtr 'to bind so that it cannot escape'

keche adj 'new'

keche N 'to play (a k i n d o-f c h i l d r e n ' s game)'

keche Vtr 'to shake and drop (paddy while removing the chaff)

kecha Vtr 'to put hand into (for stealing}'

kecha Vtr 'to push suddenly'

kecha Vtr 'to roll the thread into ball'

kecha N 'sickness'

kechake N 'hospital'

kechakena N -'sufferings by sickness'

kech»ken?mi N 'patient'

kecha'kho' N 'disease'

kech^nOpfa N 'neighbour'

kechO Vtr 'to wash roughly'

kechOke N 'place where people worship'
 315

kewa Vint 'to shout/to announce by shouting'

kewa N 'light'

kewamiphe N 'entrance'

kewe Vtr 'to spread paddy while drying in the sun'

kewe N 'shooting of gun'

kewO' N 'neck'

kewO adj 'mad' , •

{
KcvJOttl'i N W\oJ p « Y i o n

kew6 N 'rake'

kewO N 'object on which something to be hanged'

kewu Vtr 'to spin'

kewu N 'stealing'

kewu Vtr 'to roll mat after drying crops from the mat'

kewumi N 'theft'

kewutrs* N 'the one who always steal '

keye Vtr 'to fight (war)'

keza Vtr 'to throw'

keza N 'lower bar of the house'

keze Vtr 'divide'

keza N 'friend'

kesa N 'dark place'

keze Vtr 'to transmit'

keze adj 'excess'

keze N 'sel1ing'

kezi Vtr 'to argue' , ' io Yub'

 316

kef a Vtr 'to wrap'

kezs> Vtr ' t o c l o s e by r o l l i n g , e g . , mat, c l o t h , etc.

kO adj 'strong'

kO Vint 'to win'

kO Vint 'to go to sleep <fowls>'

kObache N 'a kind of beans'

kOchi N 'a kind o-f -fish'

kOchi Vint 'retreat'

kOj© N 'male bird'

kOj^ adj 'no more smart due to ill health or old age'

kOjo N 'cheek'

kOlO Vint 'to walk unsteadily'

kOlOche N 'goose-berry'

k6lu N 'water channel'

kOlha adj 'mid-day'

kOma. N 'root'

kOme N 'a kind of sticky grass'

kOme N 'tail'

kOmi li 'stick for grinding grain'

kOmo N 'body'

kOmora IM 'blanket'

kOphra N 'bundle of stick for felling grains while harvesting'

kOrO N 'throat'

kOsa N 'a kind of bamboo trap'

 317

kOsa N 'dry -fish'

kOs3 N 'wing'

kOs~> N 'a kind of toy'

kOtu N 'a kind of bird'

kOthi adj 'weak'

kOthO N 'cat'

kOtruba N 'a kind of wild bagonia'

kOthr^ba N 'sugar cane'

kOthrs N 'a kind of thread made out of wild plant

kOthro N 'jute'

kOthrora N 'cloth made o f jute'

kOcha N 'stick'

kOwa N 'basin'

kOwache N 'cherry'

kbzithra N 'shade'

kOiro N 'grasshoper'

kOsobu N 'aeroplane'

kOsuthrubu N 'arm-pit'

ko Vtr 'to call '

ko Vtr 'to cook rice dry

kuduche N 'brinjal'

kha Vtr 'to ask', 'to cook'

kha Vtr 'to embrace'

kha Vtr 'to claim'

 318

khe Vtr 'to knit'

khe Vtr 'to discard', 'prohibit'

khi Vtr 'to hang on the rope'

khi Vint 'to turn upside-down (baby)'

khO adj 'bitter'

khO Vtr 'to push'

khObo N 'a kind of trumpet made of long stem'

khOci' N 'trumpet'

khOkecami N '-fisherman'

khOlenhi N 'a kind of -fresh water -fish'

khOmecatho N 'hook -for -fishing'

khOna adj 'structure of terraced field which is small'

khOnakhOra adj 'terraced fields which are small structure and have

less value'

khOne N 'several varieties of small fishes'

khOne N 'cooked rice'

khOphra N 'colony of village'

khOti N 'a kind of rake for levelling soil'

kho Vint 'to seperate'

kho Vtr 'to response somebody's calling'

khubu N 'basket for keeping fish while fishing'

khuniu N 'animal'
khuwe* N 'curry'
khuwd?J« N 'soup'
 319

khwe Vtr 'to wait'

khwe Vtr 'to scratch earth with hand', 'to arrange in la

la Vint 'to stand (baby)'

la adj 'equal (competition)'

1 abu N 'box -for storing dress'

lace N 'spoon'

lacha Vtr 'to knot'

laka adj 'a part'

lakhb N 'bag'

lakhu N 'the object of rice beer'

1 al a adj 'dul1/unsmart'

lama N 'a kind of bird'

lari N 'stick for chasing away fowls/animals'

1 aso N 'bamboo used for closing the door'

1 ase N 'ladder'

1acho N 'broom'

1e Vtr 'to pour'

le Vtr 'to open, eg.,card when playing'

1e Vint 'to move'

le adj 'correct'

le Vint 'to return'

1eba N midle part of road'

lebO N 'mole'
 320

ebo N 'edible snail'

ece N 'mark (due to committing some illegal act, eg., the-ft,

adultery , etc . ) '
eci N 'a kind i-f bird'

eche N '-fruit'

echethOna N 'miscellaneous items of crops'

echi Vtr 'to discuss/gossip'

echi adj 'flat (voice)'

echu adj 'matching voice'

eda N 'ridge of terraced field'

eda N 'voice (when greeting others)'

edO adj 'not speaking fluently'

edie N 'road'

edie Vtr 'to seperate'

ejoye N 'a kind of wild vegetable'

ekese/1 ekenhe N 'lid'

ekha N 'preparation of food'

ekhe Vtr 'to discard'

elo N 'a kind of blue bird'

emekhO N 'pitcher'

emO N 'a kind of brown bird'

ena Vtr 'disturb when working'

ene N 'a kind of worm in the water'

eni N 'leech in the water'

 321

leniche N 'a kind o-f -fruit'

1 en? N 'snake'

lena N 'ritual/religion'

lena Vtr 'to serve'

1enu adj 'near distance'

lepra N 'frying pan'

lepra adj 'shaky voice'

1 ephre N 'voice of human'

1 epu N 'a kind o-f big jar -for storing water'

1epuche N 'a kind of fruit'

lepukevi N 'whirlwind'

1 ere Vtr 'to help/assist'

leri adv 'above, overhead'

lerabo N 'a variety of tree'

1 era n? N 'a kind of wild vegetable'

1 er'u N 'chest'

1erubu N 'chest-box'

lesi N 'book o r p a p e r / U4l<-~*

lesi'da N , 'book'

lesina N 'paper

1esa adj 'ill'

1eso N 'a kind of basket for catching fish'

Tetany N 'a kind of tree leaf used as vegetable'
 322

etna' adj '-far'

ethomi N 'steward'

etroye N 'a kind of wild vegetable'

ethre adj 'alone'

ethri N 'picnic'

ethro adv 'below'

eca adj 'steep'

ecabOke N 'cave'

ecache N 'a kind of black fruit'

ewe N 'meal'

eze Vint 'to company in work'

e£etro N 'working company'

ei-i' N 'thatch'

ezike N 'house made of thatch roof'

i adj 'hot/warm'

ibOye N 'a kind of wild vegetable'

ido N 'idea'

lka adj 'broad minded'

ikes» N. 'sadness'

iki N 'ill-feeling on s o m e o n e '

ikO adv 'back side'

ikhO Vtr ' t o feel bad w i t h someone'

ime£e adj 'sad'

imi N 'girl'
 323

1inhi adj 'undecided'

1irO N 'small worm in the intestines'

1irh? adj 'same mind' (having mutual understanding)

1isa adj 'stingy'

1 is 3 N 'dearth'

1 isa Vtr 'to remember sentimentally'

1 isabu N 'dearest' (in the vacum of love)'

1ise N 'sensetiveness'

lisese* adj ' €>enii me.rtt*\

1 itOra adj 'tension o-f mind'

1itro N 'anger'

1itro adj 'angry'

1ic^ N 'power oi thinking'

lica adj 'matured mind'

1 ichs N '1iver'

1 ize N 'grief'

lo Vtr 'to take', 'to get' ,'to accept'

1 ochu N 'young untransplanted paddy plant'

lo3e N .'a kind of tool -for waeving'

lolo adj 'dull', 'clumsy.'

lora^ Vtr ' t o refuse to accept'

loni Vtr 'to want'

1opO N 'a kind of tool for weaving'

1 opf-gf N 'worm'
 324

1 6phre Vint 'to receive -free labour'

lophremi N 'the one who works in somebody's field without wage'

1osa N '1 ion'

lDca N 'hay'

1 oche N 'thread'

lbchechaka N 'stick on which the thread is rolled'

1 och© N 'rolled thread into ball'

lozu N 'toad'

lu Vint 'to enter'

lu Vtr 'to struggle in order to arrest/catch'

1 ha Vtr 'to open the cover'

1 he Vtr 'to open the treasure'

1hepre N 'profit'

lheri Vtr 'to live like girl'

Iherimi N 'girl who had r e a c h e d t h e s t a g e o f growing hair'

1hi Vint 'to 1ive'

lhi adj 'burnt (while cooking or roasting)'

1hO Vtr 'to manufacture'

1hO Vtr 'to remove from hanging'

ma adj 'mistake'
maa adv 'to be unconcious instataneously'
x t

madO Vint 'to grumble'

madO adj 'magical '

tnak.hu N 'smoke'
 325

mapO N 'owner', 'God'

mathrava N 'tobacco'
maye adj '-fruit that became hard and no more edible' , 'person who
can endure pain'

me Vtr 'to catch with gum/loop'

me Vtr 'to put soil on the -foot of the plant'

mee adv 'sudden appearance',

meba Vtr 'to join (thread/

mebo N 'root of the tail'

mebO Vtr 'to support from falling'

meca adj 'rice cooked soft due to excess water'

mete adj 'intelligent'

meci adj 'lazy'

meci N 'saliva'

meci N 'seed'

meci Vtr 'to leave field uncultivated'

meci N 'kidney', also mecich (lit. seed of kidney)

meca adj/Vtr ' Y-ef u&ed'j' '^"^fu&e'

meca Vtr 'to support so that it may not fall'

meca Vml 'to give birth ^animal)

meco adj 'obiique'

mecoz^ Vint 'to nap'

meche Vtr 'to inform'

meche Vtr 'to pay special care in looking after a person or thing'
 326

meche Vtr 'to bear fruit'

mechi Vtr 'to peel little by little', 'to provoke someone by acting
irritatingly'
mechi N 'hair of caterpillar'

mechi adj 'reverse'

mechi Vtr 'to displease'

mechimeni adj 'the bahaviour that irritates others'

meda Vint 'to tell a lie'

meda Vtr 'to wet'

meda N 'dishonest^'

mede adj 'shockdd

mede Vtr 'to blame'

mede Vtr 'to soak in the mouth'

mede adj 'imperfect'

medi Vtr 'to decorate'

medo Vtr 'to like, to wish'

medo adj 'to do without care'

medo N 'male animal with horn'

medo Vtr 'to keep reserve something for somebody' •

medO adj 'all/entire'

medu Vtr 'to bite with beak'

medu N 'to fight with beak (eg., cock)'

medu Vtr 'to sting by poisonous grass/insect'

mej"3 adj/N 'equal '

 327

mejs adj 'untrue'

me j-3 Vtr 'to burn with -fire', 'to measure'

meha adj 'pain of burning sensation'

mehaye N 'a kind of vegetable'

mehapu N 'a kind of vegetable'

meha Vtr 'to choke'

mehi adj 'airy'

mehi N 'one's habit of feeling hungry'

mehi adj 'good appetite'

mehu adj 'greedy'

mej^ N 'egg'

mej? Vtr 'to lay egg'

me^fo adj 'green'

meka adj 'to become hard'

meka Vint 'to spread apart'

meke Vint 'to escape by opening the way under the ground (rat)'

meke Vtr 'to bite', 'to dry vegetables, meat, etc.'

meke N 'to fight by biting(eg., dog)'

meke adj 'expert (in clinmbing)'

meki N 'twenty'

meki adj 'cold'

mekO Vtr 'to open the mouth', 'to make to win'

mekO N 'blade for shaving'

mekO Vint 'to vomit slightly'

 328

meku adj 'dishonest', 'cool'

mekha Vtr 'to claim'

mekhe Vint 'to block the hole as by jungle rat'

mekhi adj 'to lie upside-down'

mekhi N 'seat'

mekhO N 'gourd'

mekhO N 'chin'

mekhO adj 'skin infected by disease'

mekhOca adv 'skin that has been infected seriously'

mekhOmhi N 'beard'

mekhOrO N 'sickness of coughing'

mekhwe Vtr 'to mend/patch'

mekhu adj 'deep'

mel a adj 'easy/simple/cheap'

mel a Vtr 'insult, humiliate, not showing respect'

mel a adj 'free from obscurity'

mel e Vtr 'to wear ear-ting', 'plank'

mele Vtr 'to climb', 'to pour into the hole'

mele adj 'sudden'

mel e adj 'shallow'

melekOdo N 'plank for blocking the gate or door'

melemelhe adv 'as soon as or suddenly'

meli N 'faith' •
mel i Vtr 'to split slat/twig'
 329

me i Vtr 'to insult'

me i 'heart'
me i Vtr 'to reject'
.'- >
me
ici adj 'coward (lit. small heart)'
me
idle adj 'brave (lit. beg heart)'
me
iss adj 'coward' (lit. bad heart)
me iwe adj 'brave' (lit. good heart)'

me ikes9 N 'cowardice'
me ikechV N 'chest'pain'
me ? Vtr 'to roll the thread'
me o Vtr 'to entrust'
me o Vint 'to moan'
me 0 N 'shifting cultivation'
me 0 Vint 'to boil while cooking'
me 0 N '-foam'
me ha Vint 'to reach with hand'
me he N 'basket for storing grains'

me hi Vtr 'to grow'

me hi N 'behaviour which is disliked by people'

me ha adj 'hungry'

me ho' Vint 'to festive together'

meme Vtr 'to kiss/embrace'
memhi N 'paddy ready for grinding'
memhO adj 'face to face'
 330

mena adj/N 'minor', 'change of money'

mena Vtr 'to -fine

mena adj 'sticky'

mene adj 'soft'

mene adj 'smelly'

meno N 'wrestling'

menb Vint. ' t o wrestle'

meno Vtr 'to come close'

mend Vtr 'to give birth'

menO adj 'care-ful '

menO adj 'late'

menO Vtr 'to delay'

menO N 'delivery/birth'

menOpi N creator'
meni a N 'noise'
menie Vint ' t o -feel shy'

menie N 'shame'

menie N/Vtr 'pant', 'to put on pant'

menie adj, 'sober'

meniekhubu N 'pant pocket'

menienOnha N 'petticoat -for women'

meniethro N 'underwear'
meni Vtr 'to -forget'

meni N 'boar'
 331

meni N/Vint 'day of observing ritual' , 'to observe ritual'

meni Vtr 'to wash cloths by twisting'

mena Vtr 'to de-feat',

meniu Vtr 'to swallow'

merju Vtr 'to want something/someone'

menu N 'wish'

menhi N 'object of powder'

menhi adj 'powdery'

menha Vtr 'to let marry (daughter)'

menf^ Vtr 'to suspect'

mepa N 'ash that goes out with the flame'

mepa Vtr 'to compare'

mepe Vtr 'to join thread carefully (for weaving)'

mepO N 'meeting'

mepO Vtr 'to exploide'

mepu Vtr 'to have meeting'

mepha adj 'fruit affected by disease'

mephe Vtr 'to weave (cloth) on the frame'

mephe adj 'horizontal'

mephu N 'fire place'

trier a adj 'proud'

mera adj 'scattered'

mera adj 'not intelligent'

mere adj 'busy'

mere adj 'lucky (in hunting)'

 332

mere Vtr 'to make thing more difficult'

mere Vtr 'to break stick with hand'

meri N 'axe'

meri Vtr 'to allow to go ahead'

mera Vint 'to vomit'

mers N 'object of vomit'

mer^ N 'sieve'

mere adj 'narrow'

merai^t^ N 'mat for blowing'

meranO N 'orphan'
mero adj ' smart'/ju*npiv\<^}

mero Vtr 'to cook dry'

mero adj 'easy to break'

merO N 'toy'

merO N 'colour produced by burning of fire'

meru Vtr 'to rsar'

meru Vtr 'to scatter small objects'

merhe Vtr 'to tumble'

merhi N 'picture'

merhi Vtr 'to let) alive'

merhi Vtr 'to struggle to be equal with someone'

merha adj 'enthusiast ic' , ' °,yr\a.rl'

merhs Vtr 'to remove object with finger and thumb from the stick'

mesa Vtr 'to roast from pan'

 333

mesa adj 'glister'

mesa N/Vtr 'balance'

mese Vtr 'to taste'

mese N 'one's turn'

mese N 'of one's equal '

mesa Vtr 'to remember'

mesa adj 'pointed'

meso Vtr 'to host'

mese Vtr 'to extract by sucking'

me<*e adj 'rough'

mese Vtr 'to act against someone'

mesi Vtr 'to be careful handling',

mesi Vint 'a kind of traditional shout by malefolk'

mesibu N 'match-box'

mes"a adj 'heavy'

mes» N 'weight'

mes-a Vtr 'to spit'

mesu adj 'to be careful in spending/using'

meta Vtr 'to ferment'

mete Vtr 'to feed cattle in particular arsa of location'

mete Vtr 'to send off'

meti adj 'to be able to foretell'

meti Vint 'to fulfil one's prediction'

meti Vtr 'to equalise with someone/thing'

 334

meti 'to insist someone to do'

met! mi" N '-foreteller'

meto Vtr 'to stretch'

metu Vtr 'to 1 it'

metu Vint 'to gather into one form'

metha Vtr 'to teach'

metha N/Vtr 'fear'

metha Vtr 'equal (length)'

methe Vtr 'to cut obliquely with one struck'

methe N 'pimple'

methi Vtr 'to si ice'

methiche N 'orange'
v ^

methimeli adj 'rough (in appearance)'

metho adj 'raw'

methb adj 'free " (costV '-*/>v^?lV

methOmere . adj 'useless'
methu Vtr 'to make fire burn from remaining ash'

metra adj -'poor/famine'

metri adj 'edgy'

metriche N 'peach'

metrileche N 'a kind of fruit'

metrita N 'maize'

metra Vtr 'to rear hen for bearing chicks'

metro Vtr 'to accompany'

 335

metrO N/adj 'grey hair'

methre Vtr 'to tie (paddy plant into bundle when it is about to be
riped)'

methri N '-front side of hip'

methri N/Vtr 'secret', 'to make something hidden'

methrs Vint 'to burb'

methrs Vtr 'to suspect'

methra adj 'fulfilled (dream)'

methru N 'dove'

meca Vtr 'to place some object to block water channel '

mece Vtr 'to jump over something'

mece Vtr 'to make harder'

mecs Vtr 'to castrate', 'a kind o-f traditional punishment by
prohibiting the villagers to have company with someone',
'to roll thread on the stick -for weaving'
mec? Vtr 'to suck'

meco adj 'not naughty', 'good behaviour/moral'

mecO N 'a kind of bird'

mecha adj 'light (weight)'

meche adj/Vtr 'neat', 'to clean'

meche adj 'the one who never tolerate dirt or any dirty things'

mecheke N 'church (lit. holy house)'

meches9 N 'holy place (usually means heaven)'

mecha N 'public', ' +o lie ^ c*p'

mecha N/adj ' cl ean (.watery

 336

mecha Vint 'to 1ie face up'

mechamena Vtr 'to torture'

mecho Vtr 'to establish'

mecho Vint 'to feel itching'

mecho N 'mid-night'

mewa Vtr 'to construct wall '

mewl Vint 'to grow'

mewe N 'growth'

mewo N 'a kind of bird'

mewO N 'religious chief of the village'

mewu Vtr 'to come and see whether anything has happened or not'

mewu N 'a kind of bird'

mewhO Vtr 'to lose'

meye adj 'famous'

meza adj 'behaviour that is liked by others'

meze Vtr 'to look at'

meze adj 'right handed', 'quick action'

mezepa adv 'right-side'

meza N 'urine'

meza Vint/adj 'to urinate', 'straight', 'correct', 'yellow'

meza N/adj 'rights', 'drunk'

mezac'a adv 'slightly yellow'

meza'di adv 'completely yellow'

mezake N 'urinal'
 337

mezakhO Vint 'to get disturb when passing the urine'

mezakhubu N 'bladder'

meio Vtr 'to confront'

mezo Vtr 'to take care o-f someone/thing so that it becomes useful '

mezo adj 'excess'

mezU N 'grandmother'

meie adj 'discomfort'

meze Vtr 'to pay fine', 'to make early'

meze Adj 'oblique'

mesi adj/Vint 'naughty', 'to whistle'

mez i Vint ' t o feel tickling'

raeii N 'tongue', 'shield'

mei1 Vtr 'to feed others'

mezi' N 'hel 1 ' , 'flame'

meza adj 'to be economical'

mela Vint 'to drop from hole'

mezo N 'half ana (ten paise)'

mezo Vtr 'to 1 ick'

mezo Vtr. 'to make fly'

mezu Vtr 'to drop liguid'

-mi N 'suffix to indicate human'

miketOyi N 'anybody'

minO N 'people'

mirO N 'disease infected from others'

 338

m3 Vint 'to. refuse/to oblige'

mo adj 'no'

mopho adj 'innocent'

mu adj 'riped'

nat)a N ' a k i n d of jungle cat'

nasa N 'dance'

nacha N 'dress' , 'way o-f dressing up'

nawe adj ' 1 e-f t-handed '

nawepa N/adv 'left-hand', 'left side'

ne Vtr 'to have sexual relationship with woman'

nechs N 'eye'

nechamhi N 'eye-brow'

nechateni N 'eye-bal1'

nechabO N 'eye-wax'

nechakece N/adj 'blind'

nechakecemi N 'blind person'

nechaker^ N 'spectacles'

nerjd adj 'blue'

nenomeda adv 'completely blue'

nerjopha' adv 'slightly blue'

nelhi N ' a k i n d of snake (black in colour)'

nepfo N 'year'

netho N ' v i l 1 age'

rja adj 'haughty'

 339

rja£he N 'banana'

go adj 'to raise slightly at one portion'

Dole adv 'raise prominently at one portion'

nhe Vtr 'to close'

nheja N 'tears'

nhemi Vtr/Vint 'to close eyes'

nhero Vtr/Vint 'to open eyes'

nia adv 'to make noisily'

nie N 'I'

nie adj 'to be rich'

nie adv 'siightl y'

nie adv 'possibly'

na Vint ' 1augh'

n? Vtr 'to enquire'

n*a Vtr 'to wear on the ear/neck'

nsbvo N 'a kind of bown snake'

najo N 'a kind o-f green snake'

n'atra N 'a kind o-f yellowish snake'

ni Vtr 'like', 'to love'

ni Vtr 'to take leading part (in pulling stones, timbers, etc.)

nica adj '-female'

nicpmi' N '-female/woman'

nicimi'n6 N '-female child/daughter'

nikemo N 'despairance'
nikemo N 'the act which displeases others'
 340

nimi N '1 over'

nio Vtr 'to thrash' , 'to plough land'

nioha N 'earth/mud'

nioha N 'red clay'

niopfo N 'hump', 'basket for discarding unwanted things'

nioca N 'black clay'

niowe N 'soil'

niu Vint 'to suck breast'

niuja N 'milk'

nhabO N 'mucus -from n o s t r i l '

nhaka N 'nose'

nhie Vtr 'to stamp over'

nhie adv 'near', 'at'

nheca Vint 'to wink'

nh& Vint 'to marry (girls)'

nhaba' N 'eai—drum'

nhsda N 'winking of eyes crookedly'

nh»kapho Vint 'nose block'

nhakakepho. N 'nose blocking'

pa Vint/adj 'to bloom', 'pale'

pakhi N 'knee'

pakhO N ' h o l e of grinding board'

paqO' N 'five'
 341

papra N 'porcupine'

pariwhO N 'butter-fly'

patO adv 'above/overhead'

paca adj 'stingy'

payiche N 'cucumber'

pavanio N 'ash'

pe Vtr 'to add' , 'to dig away the soil '

pe Vtr 'to pick'

pemo Vtr 'to memorise'

pimo adv 'never'

pi'rald N '-flute'

po Vint 'to -fall 1 iguid drop by drop'

pohonotra N 'a kind of beetle'

pbpi' N/adj 'bald'

potiche N 'a variety of beans'

pocekhuniu N 'magot'

poca N 'a kind of sesame'

pocsnO N 'a kind of beetle'

pO Vint 'to germinate'

pb Vtr/Vint 'to si ip'

pOcha Vint 'to hide'

pu Vtr 'to say', 'to expand after cooking or soaking in the water'

pumezOmi N 'grand-parents'
 342

purOkechami N 'people who kidnap others'

puunhi N 'they (Dl)'

puuro N 'they (PI)'

phapha adj 'to be easily broken'

phapha adv 'drop and hit the ground subseguently'

phclbu N 'water-fall'

phaje N 'a kind o-f stairs constructed outside the house for resting'

phanio N 'thigh'

phaniobo N 'upper portion of thigh'

phanioke N 'lower portion of thigh'

phanioch^ N 'a kind of tool for manufacturing cotton'

phe Vtr 'to spread apart'-, 'to tie'

phe Vint 'to come horizontally'

pheco N 'leg between ankle and calf'

phekhera N 'a kind of ornament worn the calf'

phenhie N 'foot-print'

phetr^ N 'big toe'

pheca N 'small toe'

pheza N 'foot'

phezs N 'shoes'

phi Vtr 'to dig on the surface level '

pho Vtr 'to open (hole)'

pho Vtr 'to dry in the sun-shine'

phopho adj 'frank in speaking without reservation'

 343

phO Vtr 'to pul1 up'

-phb adv 'siightly'

phd Vint 'float'

phu Vtr 'to cover on the surface'

phu Vtr 'to burn fire nearby the field to *c«rB away animals/birds'
phu adj 'to jump smartly'

phuphu adv 'to jump smartly instantaneously'

phusi' adj 'coward/unable to face hardship'

pfs Vtr 'to carry'

pfa>c3 adj 'male'

pfscsmi N 'man.'

pfadie N 'elder brother of father'

pfano N 'younger brother of father'

pfsdiepfsno N 'elderly relatives'

pfaroche N 'a kind of fruit'

pfssbmi N 'marriaged man'

pf^sbmephra N 'newly marriaged man'

pfawe Vint 'to fart'

pfawe N 'gas of fart'

pfawe N 'abdomen/stomach'

pf^webu N 'stomach' (lit. box of stomach)

pfawekechs N 'stomachache'

pfazOmi N 'parents'

pfb Vtr 'to carry with hand'

 344

pfbchi Vtr 'to keep'

p-fha Vtr 'to search'

pfhBdie N 'main colony of village'

pfholich^ IM 'organs of body'

pre Vint 'to come out', 'to get profit'

prikd N 'hut'

prisa N 'money'

prito Vint 'to earn for livelihood'

pngbo N 'plant of grass'

pn?ns N 'leaves of grass'

prane N 'a vaviety of grass

pr^ch^ N 'bush'

prachado N 'thick bush concentrated in a particular ares'

pro Vint 'to go away from the group'

pro* adj 'broken'

phra adj 'to be gifted by nature'

phre Vtr 'to set free'

phre Vtr 'to set free and let scatter'

phri Vtr * 'to peep'

phri Vtr 'to cover loosely'

t
phri adj 'sudden and sharp pain'

phr3 Vtr 'to read/study'

phr^ adj 'ful1'

bophro Vtr ' t o break (glass, bottle, etc.)'

 345

phro Vtr 'to spl it wood, bamboo, etc.'

ra Vtr 'to determine'

ra Vtr 'to make network'

ra adj 'at the cl ima>: stage of one's 1 ife'

raba N 'cloth for waering as shawl'

rabatanie N 'dress'

rakhwe N 'matress'

ral o N 'one measure -for weaving cloth'

ranhie N 'wasted/torn cloth'

ranhie N 'cloth -for carrying baby on the back'

rase N 'a kind of dress -for ladies worn cross-wise -from shoulder
to waist'

rathro N 'bedsheet'

rachs N 'cloth piece'

raiu N 'shirt'

raiukhubu N 'shirt pocket'

re adj 'difficult' , 'costly'

re Vtr ' t o p i uck£f r u i t from the tree)'

re Vtr 'to cut vegetables'

reba adv 'outside the village'

rece N 'bird which leads the group'

refa N 'jungle fowl'

rekhuniu N 'wild animal'

ret6 Vtr 'to reap the fruit'

rewu N 'wild mithun which is not domesticated'

 346

ri Vtr 'to stop the -fight by someone', 'inherit, (gene) '

ri adv 'ahead'

ribe N 'battle-field'

ribo N 'large intestine'

rica N 'small intestine' , 'rivulet'

ridie N 'big river'

ridie N 'big war'

ri-fa Vint 'to go to battlefield'

rifami N 'that one goes to battle-field'

rina N 'way that leads towards upper side'

riho N 'brook'

rimi N 'foe'

rims N 'forward line of battlefield'

rin^ N 'weapon'

ripa adv 'upper side'

ripu adj 'killing of enemy in the war'

rira N 'cloth worn by warrior'

ra Vtr 'to cut by slicing'

ra Vtr 'to put the cover on'

ra Vint 'rol1'

rabe N 'paddy in the field'

rabo N 'paddy plant'

richi N 'place where crops are temporarily stored in the field at

the time of harvesting'

raka N 'stick of hay'

 347

rake N ' m e a s u r e o-f - f i e l d w h i c h c a n r e a p one b a r n o f grain'

rjle N ' m e a s u r e o-f - f i e l d w h i c h can r e a p one b a s k e t of grain'

r9l o N 'harvest of paddy'

r^lomeke Vint 'to suffer malaria'

r^oci N 'cut hay'

rinie N 'festival for harvesting'

rJn-& N 'leaves of paddy plant'

rapa N 'flower of paddy plant'

rarase N 'cloth for keeping paddy while harvesting'

ratre N 'bunch of paddy plant'

ro Vtr 'to roast'

rbca N 'bird'

rocakho N 'nest of bird'

roca'ce N 'baby bird or any small bird'

romhi' N 'feather'

rbfa N 'striped fowl '

rof2> N 'pigeon'

rosj N 'instrument for measuring'

roto Vtr 'to eat (after roasting) '

rO Vint 'to cry/bark (animal ) '

rO Vtr 'to chop branches on the tree'

rO Vtr 'to make hole'

rbke N 'fever'

rOkwe N 'soul/holy spirit'

 348

rOmeke Vint 'to suffer (fever)'

rOmi N 'spirit/deity'

rOri Vint 'to recur (mad)'

rOta N 'epidemic'

tOti N 'a kind of bread'

rOto adj 'cavitied (tooth)'

rOtho N 'ritual performance with fowl'

rOwu N 'wild mithun (bison)'

r0z3 N 'dreaded evil spirit'

rha Vtr 'to open by tearing out'

rhaka N 'one rupee'

rhe Vtr 'to scrabble', 'to draw picture'

rhe Vtr 'to strike with stick'

rhi Vint 'to survive'

rha Vtr 'to plan', 'to make pointed end'

rha Vtr 'to take the entire thing at once' , 'to weed out (paddy

field)'

rha adj 'smart', 'recovered completely from sickness'

rhaci N 'a kind of beans (small variety)'

rhadie N 'a kind of beans (big variety)'

rhaj3 N 'a k i n d of non-edible tuber'

rhrathabo N ' a k i n d of t r e e '

rho Vtr ' t o speak bad w o r d on others'
rho Vtr ' t o p i ug (f 1 owerj'
 349

rhu Vtr 'to pay regard/respect'

rhu adj 'poisonous'

sa Vint 'to announce/inform by shouting (by mewO)

sa adj 'dry'

sabu N 'soap'

sahu N 'a kind grass used as herb -for stomach upset'

sajoce N 'a kind of fermented preparation of soya-beans usually used

for preparation of side dish'

sara N 'six'

sari adj 'unready'

sata N 'dry tobacco'

se Vtr 'to cover the lid'

se Vtr 'to hit'

sebo N 'theme'

seti N 'twenty five paise'

secich^ N 'coin of twenty five paise'

selanie N 'a name of festival'

sena Vtr/Vint 'to complain'

sena N 'grumbling'

sena N 'case'

senape Vtr/Vint 'to grumble'

seni N 'seven'
sese N 'a kind of feast (hosted by individual)'

sese Vint 'to host sese'

 350

seso adj 'honest'

seso N 'honesty'

ses6kemo N 'dishonesty'

seta N 'debate in the court'

setami N 'judge/lawyer'

seca N 'agreement'

sees N 'gossip'

se?a N 'puishment'

se2e N 'rumour'

S3 adj 'bad'

s^ Vtr 'to pul 1 '

S3the Vtr 'to pull out'

sawa Vtr 'to tear (cloth)'

so Vtr 'to drink leisurely', 'to drink (birds)'

so Vtr 'to count', 'to bribe'

so" Vtr 'to repeat'

sobe N 'bribe'

sobo N 'close relative who lives in another village'

solisoce .N 'a kind of small animal like squirrel'

somi N 'guest'

somhi N 'hair of male organ'

sbpoch3' N 'tip o-f male organ'

sbte(mi) N 'migrator'

sO Vint 'to burn/gut'

 351

sO Vtr 'to harvest maize'

sOle N '1ower lip'

su N ' a k i n d o-f c h i l d r e n ' s game'

se adv 'much m o r e '

se Vtr 'to transplant'

se Vtr 'to slice the surface level'

S3 N 'that

saba adv 'that side'

saboe adv 'there'

sanhie/s^cal 6"nhie adv 'at that time (which you/I/we referred)'

si Vtr 'to touch'

silomese adv 'as soon as'

so adj 'same as I said'

su Vtr 'to aim at'

su Vtr 'to take away by force from somebody's hand'

su Vtr 'to pay the fine'

ta adj 'rotten'

ta Vtr 'to cultivate/to grow (crops)'

tabu N 'stomach'

tabucha adj 'gastric'

tabukecha N 'gastralgia'
taco N 'ant'
tacho N 'ant which go out in group'
 352

tako N 'way of cal 1 ing (animal ) '

taje N 'game'

tale N 'one's food habit'

tale N 'one's way o-f outing'

tamemi N 'widow or widower'

tanie N 'shame'

taniewhO adj 'shameless'

tana N 'one's way of laughing'

tate N 'one's way/habit o-f walking'

tathu N 'pickle'

taz'S N 'one's way/habit o-f sleeping'

tazae adv 'evening'

tazu adj 'the one who cannot eat ordinary -food'

te Vint 'go'

te Vint 'run'

tebe Vtr 'to sit (on top of something)'

tece N 'eight'

tece adv 'apart/away from'

tece Vint/Vtr 'to get wet in the rain'

teci adj 'wicked'

teci Vint 'to upset (stomach)'

teci adj 'scar'

teti N 'sickle'
 353

techi adv ' -future'

techiba adv 'long -future'

teda adj 'abnormal '

tede Vtr 'to -fall on something'-

tekae N/adj 'dry season'

tekaba adv 'next year'

tekachi(kO) adv 'after next year'

tekaterlra N 'all the seasons'

teke Vtr 'to in-fect from others'

teko N 'calling'

tekO Vtr 'to spread disease to others'

tekO N 'shape'

tekO Vtr 'to look after the patient'

tekO N 'nine'

tekha N 'a kind of weed'

tekha adv 'in time of need'

tekhe N 'blessing'

tekhe adj 'exhausted (person/thing in term of number)'

tekhO N/Vint 'need', 'to need'

tekhOmeiemi N 'needy'

tekhO N 'a kind of ornament made of sea-shell'

tekwe Vtr 'to take care of somebody'

tekhwe Vtr 'to scratch'

tela Vint 'to stand by itself'

 354

tele N 'behaviour'

telha adj 'pink'

tel hapa N 'a kind of pink flower'

tel he N/adj 'mid-day'

tema N 'liguid from rotten body'

tema Vint 'to talk when sleeping'

teme Vint 'to live without wife or husband'

temo adj 'unalert/clumsy'

temhO adj 'face to face'

tena Vtr 'to knead'

teni Vtr 'to twist (washing)'

s
tenie adj 'unlucky/unblessed due to committing sin'
tenie adj 'shamed'

tenO adv 'low'

teno Vtr 'to become intimate', 'to go close to someone

terjabe N 'a variety of rice'

tenu adj 'sweet smell'

tenhi Vtr 'to smell'

tenhi Vtr 'to twist (fighting)'

tepi H 'sister of brother'

tepitepfg adj 'behaved elderly'

tepu Vtr 'to borrow or lend'

tephe adj 'horizontal or plain'

tephephu adv 'slightly (plain)'

 355

tephu N 'a kind of small animal'

tepfho N 'inflammation of eyes'

tepre Vint 'to come out'

tepri adj 'fast (running)'

tepra N 'prepared cane for plaiting' , 'Joke'

tephra Vtr 'to take handful (without descency)', 'to touch roughly'

teri adj 'thirsty', 'dried (paddy)'

teri Vtr 'to request'

terica adj 'smart/hard working'

terg adj 'unhealthy/fatigue (especially children after sickness)'

teraca adj 'dark (complexion after sickness)'

tera Vtr 'to recur upon the agent'

tero Vtr 'to feel envy towards the account of others'

terhe N 'long-jump'

terh3 N 'rainy season or autumn'

terho' adj 'active, enthusiastic, healthy'

terho N 'harsh utterance'

tese N 'mid/half

tese N/Vtr 'case', 'to sue case'

tece Vint 'to sit'

tece Vtr 'to supercede'

tec3 adj 'flat'

tecs Vint 'to recover sense after faint/lost sense'

teche N 'praise/glorifying'
 356

techg N 'sensitive portion (body)'

tetra Vint 'to manufacture'
tetro N 'a kind of creeper'
tetro adj 'high'

tethre N/adv 'way (up)' , 'high (way)'

tethra adj 'worder-ful '

tethro Vint 'to go (up)'

tethro N 'adultery'

tewa Vtr 'to wal 1 '

tewe adj '-fast (running) '

tewe adv 'forest area'

tewe adj 'affacted growth (children after doing hard work)

teye Vtr 'to chew', 'to be firm'
tezs ady 'deep and dark (forest)'
teza Vtr 'to squeeze'

tez^ N 'handful'

tezo Vtr 'to remain away from (somebody/thing)'

tezO Vtr 'to make carry away by water'
ti Vtr 'to insist', 'to push with stick'
ti N 'range'

tibO N 'mouthful of liguid'

tije adj 'crooked lips (children when they are unhappy)'

tikha N 'fulfilment of one's claim'

tikhO adj 'thing that is supported by several elements'

 357

tile adj 'frank/not able to keep anything secret'

tipu N '-fulfilment of one's prediction'

ti'pho N 'mouthful of food'

tipho N 'object for splitting wood, bamboo, etc.'

tire Vint 'to support each other (in quarrelling)'

ti'ri' N 'oil '

tiribu N 'oil container'

tirh3 Vint 'to speak same thing'

tis» Vint 'to speak the same thing in order to malign someone'

tiwa N 'side portion of mouth'

to Vtr 'to eat'

-to adv 'always'

tol e Vtr 'to recover health by proper diet'

tomh/ N 'flies'

tonhi N 'wasted part of grains after grinding'

topu" adj 'round'

topu adj 'slow exhaustion in comsumption in the sense of blessed'

topho Vint 'to make the way to flow freely (water)'

torha Vtr % 'to eat here and there (insect)'

tosa N 'left over food'

tos-3 adj 'untasty'

toso Vtr 'to eat and drink'

tozo adj 'fast exhaustion in comsumption of food (in the sense of

unblessed)'
 358

tO adj 'higher (portion)

tb Vtr 'peel the skin/shell (eg., banana)'

tO Vint 'to jump'

-td adj 'complete'

tOka N 'wolf

tbkha Vint 'to mate (animal/insect)'

tOla N 'key'

tOle N 'adam's apple'

tOpe Vtr 'to kick backward, eg., animal'

tOpha N 'cotton'

tbphalo N 'cotton yarn'

tOphara N 'cotton shawl '

tbpra adj 'excessive (girls in dressing up or laughing excessively)'

tOra adj 'stripe'

tOra adj 'to be mentally irritated'

tOrha" N 'spider'

tOtha N 'a kind of -food preparation with rice'

tbthe N 'anus'

tOzi' N 'eagle'

tu Vtr 'to burn with fire'

tu Vtr 'to gather in one portion'

tha adj 'long'

tha Vtr 'to extract (from water)'

thaje N 'area
 359

thaeje N 'length and breadth'

thapo adj 'lenghthy'

thapothaza' adv ' e : : c e s s i ve?l y (length)'

thazO N 'lump of hair on t h e back of man's head'

the Vtr 'to criticize/malign'

the Vtr 'to chop'

thece N 'condemnation (social)'

theche adv 'newt morning'

thechi adv 'afterwards'

thechiba adv 'after (many years)'

thede adv 'outside'

thedo N 'bar for side of the house'

thedu adj 'curly (hair)'

theduni N/adv 'day after tomarrow'

theja N/adv 'tomorrow'

theki Vint 'to bend (body)'

thekho Vint 'to stop (sucking mother's breast)'

thel a Vtr 'to help (in carrying)'

thele Vint 'to roam'

thene N 'soft part of hair'

theni N 'sun-shine'

theni N 'sun'

theno adv 'after'

thenoba adv 'this evening'

 360

thenO adj 'low'

thepr^j N 'herb for hair'

theso N 'bribe'

thi Vtr 'to shave'

thi Vtr 'to make smooth'

tho Vtr 'to push out excreta when clearing the bowels'

.tho Vtr/Vint/N 'bark (dog)', 'to take rest', 'to name'

thoche N 'wooden -frame -fro keeping chopper'

thoc-^ N 'extra -flesh grown on the body'

thohu od\ D«nt (a-t k-nee-'ioiTvt OLTVA uJo-\$\J

thoke N/adj 'bottom'

thokO N 'backbone'

thoku N 'mantis'

thokhe adj 'last'

thokho Vtr 'to distinguish'

thonhi- Vint 'to hesitate

thopu N 'a kind of dressed stone used in a kind of game for women'

thopra N 'herb for extracting out thorn from body'

thbs? N 'replacer'

thosa Vint 'to enchain'

thossna adj 'enchained and become very long'

thbso N 'yolk'
those adj 'to be in order' O O n c u ' ^ c^c (X-fi^ a»o< W e O

thoche adj 'new (event never experienced before)'

 361

thoc^ N 'trigger'

thO Vtr 'to roast -from the pan'

thO Vtr 'to shout at someone'

thO adj 'happy'

thOba N 'buttock'

thOche N 'any kind of tool/thing carried on the waist'

thbla' N 'basket (made o-f cloth)'

thbl ( Vtr 'to tickle'

thOne N 'spinach'

th0nej3 N 'onion'
v
*\
thO£i N 'a kind of creeper seed used in a kind o-f game -for women'

thu Vtr 'to hit', 'to write'

thu Vtr 'to blot'

thu N 'who (Sg)'

ca Vtr 'to pull up with stick'

ca Vint 'fal 1 '

cachi adv 'after this time'

cado adv 'the present day'

cadoro N 'people o-f present generation' (lit. the present days)

cafe adv 'before this time'

cakhe N 'the stone with which jungle rats use to block their holes'

cakhi N 'pil1ow'

cakhi N 'knee'

cali N 'gospel song'

 362

c a p a in i N 'present gen e? r a I. i o n '

case N ' 1 ayer'

cathi N/adv 'this year'

cathini N/adv 'today'

caia N 'tonight'

ch.z£h adv 'night'

ce adj/Vtr 'short (quantity)', 'to push with leg'

ce Vtr 'to jump over something'

ce adj 'matured'

cebo N 'cow-shed'

cebO N 'cow-dung'

cebOmez? N 'dirts produced by catties'

cebOke N 'shed -for cow-dung'

cebOlesi N/adj 'ordinary paper'

cekhuniu N 'domesticated animals'

cekhwe(nO)N 'cow-herd'

cech? N 'bee-f'

ceii N 'leather'

c3 Vtr 'to give'

c3 adj/Vtr 'costly', 'to smoke (cigarettes)'

C-B adj 'black'

csba N side o-f knee'

cabO adj ' b en-tl/curved (eg . , b o w ) '

cabu N 'hat'
 363

c::al)i.t N

cached N 'comb'

c*che N 'chilly'

cachi aclv 'after (that)'

cacha adj 'reasonable (price)'

cacho N 'a s t y l e of hair cutting'

cafia N 'line (between c u t and u n c u t hair o-f head)

c?ka N 'step'

caka adj 'clear sky'

cake N 'west'

c3keloeza N 'lightning'

cakO N 'hole on the tree'

cakO N 'a kind o-f bird'

cakha N 'clip'

cakhe N 'door'

c^khe N 'estate (forest land)'

cakho N 'parting of hair'

Cakhwe N 'fire wood which re arranged in layers'

c?le N 'weather'

cali adj 'hot (weather)'

cali adj 'economical'

c^^ o N/adv 'time'

caloca N 'a kind of small beads'

calhi adj 'dirty minded'

 364

cami N 'spurn (on t h e l e g of cock)'

c»ni N 'shin'

cgpri adj 'completely black'

c?phra N 'a kind o-f big beads'

C3S3 N 'the portion of head just above forehead'

catO adj 'bent'

c9to Vtr 'to kill and eat (animal)

catha' adv 'forever'

cpthi N 'winter'

csthike adv 'winter season'

catho N 'a kind of ornament worn by men between calf and knee'

csthrp N 'upper area of head'

cathra adj 'cloudy'

cathra Vtr 'to open (door)'

cscha N 'a name of plant'

Och9 N/Vint 'thunder' , 'to thunder'

cScho adj 'dawn'

cacho N 'daybreak'

cachocsz? N 'day and night'

cawe adj 'bright (sky)'

c^zi N 'central portion of head'

C9za N 'deep forest'

csza adj 'dark (night) '

wza N 'night'
 365

casO Vint 'to rain unceasingly -for several days'

caye adj 'clear (sky)'

cha Vtr 'to cut (rope)'

cha Vtr 'to take be-fore somebody takes it', 'to block (way)'

che Vtr 'to praise'

che Vtr 'to throw (spear)'

che Vint 'to tremble'

cheke N 'a kind o-f trap made with rope'

cheso N 'brand new'

chg adj/Vtr 'pain', '-feel pain'

ch« Vtr 'to do'

chabo N 'tree'

chac? N 'pup'

chsde N 'mal1et'

chado N ' 1 og'

chsdo N 'particular area o-f jungle where thick bushes are

concentrated'

ch^-f? N 'hunting dog'

chaka N 'stick'

chake N 'preserved meat'

cha>kOrO N 'stick (-for beating children/domestic animals)'

ch»kha N 'estate (tree)'

ch->khO N 'plate made of wood'

chskwe N 'tree bark'

 366

chaha N 'inner skin'

chaha N 'sawing o-f timber'

ch&la N 'wood on which things are cut', 'person who is made

responsible'
chal e Vtr 'to achieve something unexpected!y'

clr3l i N 'thing to replace something'

ch^ls N 'a kind of bird'

ch3l he N '-food -for dog'

ch9lhi N 'broken piece o-f wood'

ch9lhi N '-flea'

ch^ma N 'rotten wood'

w
ch?ma adj mistake (doing)'

chame N 'a kind o-f bird'

chami N 'uncut part o-f tree trunk which remains intact on the
ground'

chamO N 'hoo-f'

chppa N 'stick (bigger than chaka)

chspo N 'non-hunting dog'

ch^pu N 'full tr*unk o f tree'

ch^pu adj 'lasting (work that cannot be finished easily)'

chapha Vint 'to break through/ to achieve'

\ y
chsphi N 'ordinary wood'

chs>pho N 'object for breaking wood'

chare N 'a kind of beans'

chare Vint 'to cut firewood in the jungle'

 367

ch^rha N 'vulture'

charhe N 'bush'

charhi N '-fresh meat'

ch?r? N 'barrel '

char? N 'umbrella'

charo N 'non-domesticated animals and birds'

charO N 'cry o-f animals'

ch9se N 'meat given as gift'

chasv N 'pulling o-f timber/wood'

ch^so N '-flesh just under the skin'

chWoch? N 'oak'

chase N 'pillar'

ch'Stake N 'dried meat'

ch?we N 'preserved meat'

ch^ye N 'killer of wild animal'

chO- adj 'fatty'

chOwe N 'preserved pork fat'

cho adj/Vint 'dried', 'to get up from bed'

cho Vtr '.to present meat to well-wishers when one kills animals'

chowe adj 'proud in term of behaviour'

V9 Vtr 'to pound (paddy)'

vS> Vtr 'to lean'

V5 aJv < >nuch "mot*
vobo N 'shed f o r p i g '
vokho N 'wooden
en basin for feeding pig'
 368

voc3 N 'pigl et'

vocacha N 'meat of piglet'

vo^lv N 'male pig'

vonie N 'unbred -female pig'

votr? N 'bred female pig'

vocha N 'pork', 'nest o-f pig'

wa adj 'bright'

wa Vtr/adj 'to make bread', 'wrenched the joint of thigh and hi

wa Vtr 'to lighten'

w^nO N 'crow'

wanO adj 'completely bright'

warO Vint 'to glisten'

wathadu N 'dragonfly (big variety)'

we adj/Vint/Vtr 'good', 'to wade by bird', 'to bury the dead bod
we Vtr 'to shoot (gun)', '-to c^A Ao\*>y\ 0-ve«)'

wemechi N 'sand'

weto adj 'rusted' (lit. eaten by sand)

wetho N 'treaty/compromise'

wO Vint 'to come'

wO Vtr 'to hang'

wOja N 'lump on the neck'

wbjo N 'a kind of frog green in colour'

wOlecha N 'a kind of bird'

wbne N 'crab with tender shell'

 369

wOsu N 'a kind o-f -frog yellowish in colour'

wUtha N '1ength of neck'

ya adv 'yes'

ye Vtr 'to kill (wild animal/enemy'

yele N 'garden for vegetables'

yekOdoca N 'gemini'

-yi adv 'also'

yibo N 'banana tree'

yije N 'cup or plate made of leaf'

yija N 'tender banana tree'

yilo Vint 'to gather banana leaves'

yina N 'leaf of banana-'

za Vtr 'to dart'

za Vtr 'to hanjj on something with the support of hands'

zaca' N 'knife'

zado adj 'time killing'

zale Vint 'to work for each other' , 'to equalise'

zanie adj 'having no heavy schedules'

zapu Vint 'to earn good name by achieving something'

zapu N 'recommendation'

zaphrs> N 'date/calendar'

zarara N 'swing'

zare adj 'having heavy engagements all the time'

 370

zas adj less progressive in work'

zati adj 'equal (especialy in competition)'

satre N 'wage', 'a kind of small basket for measuring grains'

2 atha N 'sword'

zatho N 'a kind of feast offered by rich people'

zacha Vnt 'to offer a kind of feast to the village'

x „ »

zazi adj ''leisure'

ze Vtr 'to distribute'

zeche N 'identification'

zes3 N 'similar name'

zezo N 'nickname'

z5 adj/Vint 'dark', 'to sleep'

:a adj 'strayed/spoiled (moral)'

2ico Vint 'to wake up (from sleep)'

zathre N 'mattress (bed)'

z-jwO' Vtr 'to brinq (person/animal)

zo Vtr 'to look at'

zo adj 'over/finished7

zo adj 'fast (exhaustion in consumming food)'

zosa adj 'ugly'

zote Vint 'to fall from hole'

zowe adj 'beautiful '

zO Vtr 'to carry away by water'

zO Vtr 'to extract (water)'

 371

zQc& N 'mat (small in size)'

zOzO'ihe N ' a k i n d of -fruit'

>e adj 'early'

ze adj 'same'

zi Vtr ' t o sow'

Si Vint ' t o deny'

Si adj • *fdUftnl

zi'bu N 'pool'

fibu N 'tin'

zibO N 'wasted p a r t s of metal'

zikhO N ' p l a t e made of metal'

t
zikhO N 'a kind o-f water insect'

zikhOrh?tha N 'a kind of water insect bigger than zikhO'

ziha N 'saw (tool)'

zime N 'trap'

zim? N 'hip'

zimO N 'hip joint'

zipO N 'a kind of rat'

2ipra N. 'dragonfly'

z"irho N 'wire'

ziwa N 'side drains of house'

2o adj 'correct'

zo Vtr 'to sweep'

So Vint 'to fly'

 372

zobo N 'hive'

zodie, N 'hornet which has become bigger than its normal size'

ioj«' N 'honey'

zole N 'hand-ful '

zos? adj 'bad temper'

zoto adv 'exactly (correct)'

zowe adj 'gentle/sober'

zu Vtr 'to put on shirt'

zuha N 'a kind o-f rat which is small and red in colour'

zulic3 N 'mouse'

**************