• Je '

% . \ i» 5» l *
'

W» '

R E C E IV E D
^ ja n F I L ED
1 C L IV E N D . B U N DY B y Sp e c ia l A p p e a r a n c e '
PH 3B
,

P O . . Bo x 7 175 to , II 2 22
2 B u n k e r v il l e I sl e v a d a 89 007
CE S « } 1 3 C H
'

,
L W ,

C LE K <
3
Te l: 702- 34 6-55 64
CLm ^
DE py i
4

6 U N IT E D S T A T E S D I S T R I C T C O U R T

7
D IS T R IC T O F N E V A D A
8

U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R IC A CV S 9 8 0 5 3 1 L D G
- - -
(R J J )
10
'

11 P l a i n t if f , B U ND Y s A N S W E R T O C O M P L A IN T
R E S P O N S E T O F IR S T R E Q UE S T F O R
12 V . A D M IS S IO N S . R E S P O N S E T O F IR S T
S E T O F IN T E R R O G A T O R IE S
13 C L IV E N B U N D Y A ND
M O T IO N T O D IS M IS S
14
D efe n d a n t .

15

16 T h is d o c u m e n t ,
it s a r g u m e n ts a n d c o n te n t s a r e t im e l y f il e d .

17 I , C L IV E N B U N D Y ,
c o m e b y S p e c ia l A p p e a r a n c e b e f o re th i s H o n o ra b le Co u rt in th e

18 a bo v e m at e r a n d do n o t w a iv e a n o f m y R ig h t s I n a l ie n a b le a n d/o r Co n s t it u t i o n a l a n d
y , ,

19 '

I
o b je ct to P l a i n t if f s a t e m pt to b r in g t h is c a u s e o f a c ti o n a g a in s t m e a n d m y p ro p e rt y a n d

20
a ls o a s s e rt t h a t t h i s H o n o ra b le Co u rt la c k s ju r is d ic t io n o v e r m e a s it re la t e s to t h i s m a t e r

21
I r e s p e c t f u ll y r e q u e s t t h a t t h e H o n o r a b le C o u rt ta k e ju d ic ia l n o t ic e o f th e fa c t t h a t I am

22
n o t a n a tto rn e y a n d th a t m y p le a d i n g s b e fo re th e H o n o ra b le C o u rt i n t h is m a t er c an be h e ld

23
to le s s s t r in ge n t s t a n d a r d s t h a n t h e f o r m a l p le a d in g s o f a l a w y e r H a in e s v K e rn e r , 40 5 U S
24
5 1 9 (19 72 )
25

26

27

28 P a -
1
ge
 "

1 A N S W E R T O C O M P L A IN T .

R E S P O N S E T O F IR S T R E Q U E S T F O R A D M IS S IO N S .

2
R E S P O N S E T O F IR S T S E T O F IN T E R R O G A T O R IE S

3
I h e r e b y a s s e r t a b la n k e t a n d c o m p le t e o bj e c t i o n t o t h e C o m p l a i n t f i l e d b y P l a i n t if f a n d

4 '

P l a i n t if f s Re qu e s t fo r A d m i s s io n s a n d R eq u e st for In t e r r o g a t o r i e s T h is b la n ke t a n d

5
c o m p le t e o bje c t io n is b a s e d u p o n th e a r g u m e n ts a n d la w p re s e n te d b e lo w If m y M o t io n to
6
Dis m is s do e s n o t p re v a i l ,
it w i ll b e t o t a ll y i r r e l e v a nt w ha t m y a n s w e rs a n d re s po n s e s w o u ld
7
ha v e be en a n d I am v e ry c o n c e m e d th a t if I d o re s p o n d in th e t y p ic a l m a n n e r do ne by
8
la w y e r s t h a t it w o u ld w a i v e m y ju r i s d ic t io n a l c h a ll e n g e Mo re o v e r if m y M o t i o n to D is m is s is
9 ,

f a ta l a n d m y c o n c l u s io n s a re c o r re c t a s to w h a t ty p e o f ju r is d ic t io n is a t te m p t in g t o m o v e
10

11 a ga in s t m e a n d m y p ro pe rty it w il l b e f ix e d a n d a dj u d g e d a ga in s t m e th a t th e r e a r e n o

12 Co n s t it u t i o n a l g u a r a n t e e s o r p ro t e c t io n s fo r m e a n d /o r m y p r o p e rt y w h e n u n d e r a t ta c k b y t h e

13 P l a i n t if f .

14 O B J E C T IO N T O A P P L I C A T IO N F O R S E A L

15
Be f o re a n y a rgu m e n ts a re m a d e a s to w h y th i s a c t io n s h o u ld b e d is m is s e d , I m u s t

16
s t r o n g ly o b j e c t t o th e a c c u s a t io n s ma de by M r . We l s h i n h is m e m o ra n du m fo r a p p li c a t i o n to

17
a l t h is f i le T h is is th i n g m o r e t h a n la m tt e m p t t o p r d ic t h is C o u rt
s e n o a e a e ju e a ga in s t m e I

18
ha v e do n e n o th i n g m o r e th r o u gh
-
o u t the e n t i r e t im e o f t h e p e r i o d i n q u e s t i o n t h a n sta n d u
p
19
f o r m y r e li g i o u s b e li e f s a n d t e a c h i n g s a n d i n s t r u c t i o n s o f t h e C o u rt t h a t w e a r e t o f ig h t f o r o u r
20
R ig h t s a n d Co n s t it u t i o n a l la w . I ha v e n o t g iv e n a n y o f f ic ia l o f a n y go v e rn m e n t re a so n to
21
e x
p e c t h a rm o r d a n
g e r f ro m m e T h is m a k in g u p o f l ie s a n d t ra n s m itt i n g th e m to th i s
22

H o n o r a b l e C o u rt is a n a t e m p t t o ho o d w in k t h e C o u rt in t o t h in k i n g t h a t I a m e it h e r a c r im i n a l
23

24 o r o n e o f c r im i n a l i n t e n t If M r We ls h , e i th e r o f h is o w n m i n d a n d /o r b e c a u s e o f in f o r m a t io n

25 f a l s e l y p r e s e n t e d t o h im , b e l ie v e th a t I a m su c h a t h r e a t to a n o ff i c e r o r a ge n t o f th e fe d e ra l

26 go v e rn m e n t , th e n h e s h o u ld h a v e p ro c e e d e d a g a in s t m e w i th c r im i n a l c h a rg e s I o f f e r t o t h is

27 H o n o r a b le Co u rt t h a t o ff i c e r s f r o m the Cla r k C o u nty S h e r if f

'

s D e p a rt m e n t (M e t ro ) h a v e m et

28
P a ge
-
2
 1 w it h m e o n s e v e r a l o c c a s io n s a n d ha d n o fe a r o f fa c in g m e . O n No v e m b e r 24 , 1 9 9 7 O f f ic e rs

2 M ik e H a w k in s E r ic K r u s e a n d K e n M a r s h a ll m e t w it h m e in m y h o u s e a n d w e s a t a r o u n d th e
,

3
k it c h e n t a b l e w h il e d i s c u s s i n g t h i s v e ry ma t e r a n d ho w th e B L M h a d re q u e s te d th a t th e C l a rk

4 " "

C o u n ty S h e r iff d o s o m e t h in g w it h m e Se e A f f id a v it E x h i b lt - A I re s p e c tf u ll y re q u e st h is

5
H o nor d i s r e g a rd th e f a ls e a n d d e fa m a to ry a c c u s a t io n s m a d e by M r We ls h , s t ri k e th o s e
6
w o rd s f r o m t h e re c o r d a n d a s s u re m e t h a t t h is a c t by M r We l s h w i ll n o t p re j u d i c e th e Co u rt
7
a g a in s t m e d u ri n g t h e c o u rs e o f t h is pro c e e d in g . I a m a f a m i ly m a n w it h m a n y c h i ld r e n a n d
8

Q
S t r o n g b e li e f i n G o d a n d do n o t w is h t o h a v e a f a l s if i e d c ri m i n a l r e c o r d b u i lt u p a g a in s t m e .

O B J E C T IO N T O U S E O F E X T O R T I O N A N D B L A C K M A I L
10

11 B e fo re I pr o c e e d f u rt h e r in t o th e
ju ri s d i c t io n a l a rgu m e n ts , I re s p e c t f u ll y r e qu e s t th a t

12 t h is H o n o r a b le Co u rt ta k e j u d ic ia l n o t ic e o f a le t e r I r e c e iv e d i n e a ri y 1 9 9 7 f r o m th e B u dd

13 F a l e n L a w O f f i c e o n b e h a lf o f C l a r k C o u n ty ,
Ne v a da Se e E x h i b it - B

14 Ka re n B u dd s
'

le t e r in c lu d e d c e rt a i n a t a c hm e n ts f o r a n o ff e r to rc ha se m y ir g h t s
pu

15 '

a n d I f i n d it m o s t i n t e r e s t i n g t h a t t h e C o u n t y , BLM a n d U S A t o rn e y s o f fi c e had a ll b e e n in

16
d is c u s s io n s w it h e a c h o th e r in v o lv in g m y ir g h t s w it h o u t m y p ri o r k n o w le d g e B e th a t a s it

17
m ay , I t o o k s p e c ia l o f f e n s e t o t h e la n g u a g e B u d d u se d i n t h e le t e r w h e n s h e s t a t e d t h a t th e

18
B LM a n d US A t o rn e y ha d a g r e e d t o d ro p a ll c iv il a n d c ri m i n a l c h a rge s th e y h a d a g a i n s t m e if

19
I w o u ld s e ll m
y ri g h t s to th e Co u n ty T h is has n o t s e t w e l l w it h m e s in c e I h a v e h a d n o
20
k n o w le d g e o f a n y c i v il a n d /o r c ri m i n a l c h a rg e s p e n d in g a g a in s t m e o r m y pro p e rt y u n ti l M a rc h
21
30 1998 w hen I w as s e r v e d w it h t h i s la w s u it
22
, ,

In a l l th e c o n v e rs a ti o n I h a d w it h B u d d in 1 9 9 7 w it h r e s p e c t t o h e r le t e r a n d p r o p o s e d
23

o f fe r fr o m the Co u n t BLM a n d US A t o rn e y n e v e r w as th e re a n a c c e p ta n c e o r r e je c ti o n
24 y , ,

w it h a
25 m a de o n m y p a rt o f a n y p ro po s e d o ff e r M y in s tr u c ti o n s to her w e re a lw a y s to c o m e

26 pr o p e r o ff e r a n d I w il l a c c e p t o r re je c t it Sin c e t h a t la s t in s t m c ti o n to h e r , I h a v e h e a r d

27 n o t hin g a s it r e la t e s t o th e o ff e r My la s t a t e m p t t o c o n ta c t Bu dd w a s t h is pa st N o v e m be r

28
Pa ge -
3
 1 w h I le f t m h w ri g m h in e w h ic h
e n to h h f a il e d t d I h
a e s s a g e o n e r a n s e n a c s e a s o re s p o n a v e

2 n l
'

o
y h e a rd fro m the o f f ic e r s o f t h e C la r k C o u n ty S h e ri f f s D e p a rt m e n t a s s t a te d a bo v e , w h e n

3
t h e y t a lk e d a b o u t th e U S A t o r n e y h a v in g s o m e s o rt o f pa p e r s a n d t h a t h e w a n te d th e S h e ri f f

4
to s e rv e th m N o t h in g w e r f u ll y d f in d to m e a s to w h t a c t ly w a s
e . a s e v e e a e x
g o in g o n It

5
'

a pp e a re d to m e f ro m th e u e s ti o n s the S h e ri f f s o f f ic e r s w e re a s k in g th a t t h e y w a n te d to
q
6
kn o w m y po s it i o n o n m y p r o p e tr y ri g h t s a n d th e Co n s t it u t i o n a l s t a n d I ha d ta k e n M e t ro
7
o f f ic e r Ma r s h a ll c a m e ba c k a se co n d t im e i n F e b r u a r y t h i s y e a r to r e a f f ir m wha t w e h a d a ll
8
t a lk e d a bo u t bac k in No v e m be r 19 9 7 . It a ppe a re d to m e t h a t t he s e c o n v e r s a t io n s w e re

'

n o t h in w hat Budd
g m o re th a n a f u rt h e ri n g o f s le t e r w a s p u t in g f o tr h a n d a n at e m p t to
2Q

t h re a te n m e in s o m e f o r m o r f a s h i o n I h a d r e c e iv e d n o t h i n g in t h e fo r m o f p ape r w o r k fr o m
21
'

12 th e Co u n ty o th e r th a n B u d d s le t e r so n o n e o f thes e c o n v e r s a t io n s se e m e d n m ore
, a y

13
'

i m p o tr a n t t o m e th a n Bu d d s le t e r S e e A f f i d a v it .
E x h i b it - A

14 G iv e n th e to n e o f t h e th r e a ts in Bu dd
'

l e t e r t h a t c i v il a n d / o r c ri m i n a l c h ri
s a r ge s (p s o n

1 ^
t im e ) w e re a lr e a d y im m i n e n t ,
it co m e s in t o m y m in d th a t t h i s a c t io n by P l a i n t if f is n o t h in g

16
m o re th a n a n a t e m pt to u s e e x t o rt i v e m etho d s to s o ft e n m e u
p fo r a f o rc e d b u y o u t o f my

17
ri g h t s A s t ro n g c a s e c a n b e m a d e t h a t c o r r u p t iv e a c t i v it i e s a re u n d e r w ay b e h in d t h e s c e n e s

18
th ro u g h a c o ll a b o r a t iv e e f f o rt o n th e p a rt o f the Co u nty ,
B LM a n d U S A t o r n e y to b ri n g u n d u e

19
pre s s u re u
po n m e by a s tr o n g a rm t a c t ic o f b la c k m a i l t h a t in v o lv e s t h e u s e o f t h is H o n o r a b le
20
Co u rt . If t h a t i s t r u e , th e n th i s c a se m u st b e d is m is s e d be c a u s e th e P l a i n t if f c o m e s b e f o r e
21
th i s H o n o r a b le C o u rt w it h u n c le a n h a n d s a t te m p t in g t o w ro n g f u ll
y u s e t h is Co u rt fo r s e lf i s h
22
g a in a n d s h o u ld be s a n c t io n e d fo r s a id a c t io n s Is B u dd th e at o rn e y fo r th e R a n c h e rs ,

23
Co u n t y a n d P l a i n t if f ? ?
24

U n f o rt u n a t e ly I d o n o t ha v e the m o n e y t o ta k e t h e n e c e s s a ry d e p o s it io n s a n d p e rf o rm
25 ,

26 e x t e n s iv e d is c o v e r y t o f le s h o u t t h e f a c ts that w o u l d p e rf e c t t h e p o i n t H ow e v e r ,
it i s s t r a n g e

27
'

to m e th a t n o c o rre s p o n d e n c e h a s b e e n s e n t to m e w i th d ra w i n g t h e C o u n ty s o ffe r a n d th a t a

28
Pa g e -
4
 1 tr i n t im li m it h p ir e d f o r m t o a c c e p t o r r e je c t a n o f fe re d p ri fo
c e a e a s e x e ce r m y ir g h t s I a ls o

^ w n d e r if t h e id o f f e r i s t i ll o t h e t a b le
o s a s n o r h a s th e a c t io n s o f th e P l a i n t if f n o w p u t in p la c e

3
W il l '

a p r o h i b it i o n o n it ? P l a i n t if f s a c t io n s h e re g iv e th e Co u n ty a n d th e B L M t h e im p r e s s io n

4
th a t th e y h a v e a n a dv a n ta ge o v e r m e n ow th a t w a s n o t a v a i la b l e la s t ye a r a t t h i s t im e ? If t h e

5
Co u rt fe e ls t h a t it i s b e i n g u s e d i n t h e a f o r e m e n t i o n e d m a n n e r d e s c ri b e d ,
t h e n it c a n ha n d le

6
t h is m at e r by w ay o f it s o w n m o t io n to d is m is s t h is a c ti o n to a v o id a ll a ppe a ra n c e s o f
7
im pr o p ri e ty o n it s p a rt .

8
M O T IO N T O D IS M IS S
9
T H I S H O N O R A B L E C O U R T L A C K S J U R I S D I C T IO N
10

11 T h is H o n o r a b le Co u rt la c ks t h e ju ri s d i c t i o n i n t h i s c a s e a s a m a t e r o f la w bec a u s e it

12 c a n n o t im p o s e u po n m e a n d m y p r o p e rt y t h e t e r r it o ri a l in -
s u la r- po s s e s s i o n A rt i c l e
-
IV ,
Se c ti o n

13 3 , C la u se 2 (A rt IV ) ju ri s d ic t io n o f the U n it e d S ta te s w h ic h s t ri p s m e o f m y g u a ra n t e e s a n d

14 p r o te c t io n s u n d e r the Co n s t it u t i o n f o r t he se U n it e d S t a t e s

15
A s w i ll b e s ho wn b e lo w , I a m d e n ie d a c ce ss to the Co n s t i t u t io n w he n t h is A rt . IV

16 " "

ju ri s d i c t i o n (c o m mo n ly re f e rr e d to a s th e P r o p e tr y C la u s e
) is im p o s e d u p o n m e , C li v e n

17
B u n dy ,
a C it iz e n o f t h e A m e ri c a n R e p u b li c a n d t h e S ta te o f Ne v a da , re s id i n g i n C l a r k C o u n ty ,

18
'

N e v a da a n d w h o is n o t a c it i z e n o f ,
a n d /o r r e s id i n g in o n e o f th e U n it e d S t a t e s t e r ri t o ri e s ,

19
in s u la r po s se s s io n s a n d/o r e n c la v e s b e lo n g i n g to th e U n it e d S t a t e s u n d e r the a u t h o r it y o f
20
A rt IV a n d /o r th e E n c la v e C la u se , A rt i c l e , I , Se c ti o n 8 , C la u s e 17 -
18 o f t he Co n s t it u t i o n fo r

21
th e s e U n it e d S t a t e s Fo r p ro o f that I a m n o t th e la t e r c it i z e n , p le a s e re fe r to m y A f f id a v it a n d
22
it s a t a c hm e n ts Se e E x h i b it A -
T h e r e f o re , t h is H o n o r a b le Co u rt m u s t d is m is s t h is a c ti o n
23

b ec a u s e it c a n n o t im p o s e a ju ri s d i c t i o n u p o n m e th a t de n ie s m e my a c ce ss to the
24

25 gu a ra n te e s a n d p r o te c ti o n s u n d e r the C o n s t it u t i o n w h ic h i n t u r n , d e n ie s m e r e m e d y w it h

26 re s p e c t t o m y C it i z e n s h i p s ta t u s a n d p r o p e tr y t h a t h a s be e n d e v e lo p e d u n d e r th e s t a te a n d

27 co m m o n la w .

28
Pa g e -
5
 1 M E M O R A N D U M O F P O IN T S A N D A U T H O R IT IE S

2
IN S T R UC T IO N T O M E A N D R E S E A RC H

3
A s in s t r u c t e d ,
m y f i m i l y h e ld c o n v ic t io n a n d b e l ie f i s t h a t I a m t o s ta y t r u e t o m y f a it h

4
a n d o b e y m y GOD a n d H IS t e a c h in g s a n d t h e te a c h in g s f ro m m y r e li g i o n a n d f a it h . A n d , th a t

5
I a m to c o n du ct m y s e lf to sta n d fa st w it h re s p e c t to ri g h t s in m y p r o p e rt y a n d for th e

6
Co n s t it u t i o n f o r t h e U n it e d S t a t e s .

Q
I a m to go v e r n m y l if e a n d d e a l in g s w it h g o v e r n m e n t p u r s u a n t to the Co n s t it u t i o n a n d

a n y la w s t ha t a r e re pu g n a n t t o o r o u ts id e th e Co n s t it u t i o n a r e e v il a n d t o b e r e s is t e d b y m e in
g

m y w a lk t h r o u g h t h i s li f e A nd tha t the w o rd s ta k e n f ro m D o c t ri n e a n d Co v e n a n ts S e c t io n
10 , ,

11 98 s t a te s i n p a rt a s f o ll o w s ;

12 4 A n d n o w ,
v e ri l y I s a y u n to yo u c o n c e rn i n g t h e l a w s o f t h e la n d ,
it i s m y w il l t h a t
m y p e o p le s h o u ld o b s e r v e t o d o a l l th i n g s w h a ts o e v e r I c o m m a n d t h e m
12 5 A nd t h a t law w h ic h is n s t it u t i o n a l rt i n g t h a t
Co ,
s u pp o
p ir n c i p a l o f f r e e d o m i n
- . m a i n t a in i n g ri g h t s a n d p r i v il e g e s ,
b e lo n g s to a ll m a n k in d a n d
,
i s j u s t if i a b l e
b e fo re me

6 T he re f o r e I th e Lo rd j u s t if y yo u a n d yo u r b r e th re n o f m y c h u rc h in
13 , , , ,

b e f ri e n d i n g t h a t l a w w h i c h i s t h e C o n s t i t u t i o n a l l a w o f t h e la n d .

(E m p h a s is
a dde d )
16
7 A n d a s p e rt a i n i n g t o la w o f m a n , w h a ts o e v e r is m o re o r le s s tha n t h is , c o m e th

17 o f e v il

18 11 A n d I g iv e u n to y o u a c o m m a n dm e nt ,
th a t y e s h a ll f o r s a k e a l l e v il a n d c le a v e

u n to a ll go o d ,
t h a t y e s h a l l li v e b y e v e r y w o r d w h i c h p r o c e e d e t h f o rt h o u t o f th e
19 m o u th o f Go d

20

The a bo v e t e a c h in g s a n d i n s t r u c t io n s o f m y r e l ig io n a n d f a it h a re w hat go v e m m e
21

a b o v e a l l a n d th a t a n y a t e m p te d a t a c k s a g a i n s t m y p e r s o n a n d / o r p r o p e tr y t o s t ir p m e o f m y
22

23 Co n s t it u t i o n a l g u a ra n te e s a n d p r o t e c t io n s a n d /o r b ra n d m e o n e to be da n
ge ro u s fo r s ta n d in g

24 u p a n d pro c la i m i n g s u c h a r e a ls o a v i o l a t io n s o f m y r e li g i o u s gu a ra n t e e s a n d p ro t e c t io n s o f

23 t h e F ir s t A m e n d m e n t t o t h e C o n s t it u t i o n fo r th e se U n it e d S t a t e s

26 s tu d y th e
In a d d i t io n ,
I r e p re s e n t to his H o n o r t ha t I h a ve t a k e n e x tr a m e a s u re s to

27
is s a n d la w r th e t e rs h e re
y e a r s t o in f o r m m y s e lf a b e s t I c a n in t h e s e p b li c l a n d m
u e s o v e s u a

28
P a g e -
6
 1 in th We t d h o w it s la t e to m d my p
e s a n re s e a n ro p e tr y I a m in s t ru c t e d b y th e c o u rt to h a v e

9
^
kn o w le d g e o f th e la w s a n d s t a tu t e s o f th e la n d ,
s e e L a v in v M a r sh 644 . F 2 d 1 3 7 8 (9 th C i r .

19 8 1) .

"

5 Pe rs o n s de a li n g w it h t h e h a r g e d w i th k n o w i n g g o v e m m e n t
g o v e rn m e n t a re c

s t a tu te s a n d re g u la t i o n s a n d t h e y a s s u m e t h e ri s k t h a t g o v e m m e n t a g e n t s
,

6
"

m a
y e x c e e d th e i r a u t h o ri t y a n d p r o v id e m i s i n f o r m a t i o n a t 1 3 8 3

7 L a te r that sa me yea r the 9 th C irc u it re -

e m ph a s iz e s the in s tr u c ti o n s in B o ll o w

8 v F e d e na l R s e n/ e B k f Sa F ra is 6 50 F 2d 10 9 3 (9 t h C ir 198 1) th e
e a n o n n c c o . . . . o p in i o n

9 s t a t e s i n p a rt :

10
"
A ll p e rs o n s in th e U n it e d S ta t e s a re c h a r ge a b le w it h k n o w le d g e o f the
S t a tu te s A t- L a rg e
-
.
.

[ l ]t is w e ll e s t a b l is h e d th a t a n y o n e w ho d e a ls w it h th e
11 go e m m e n t a ss u m e s the ri s k t h a t t h e n t a c t in m m
'

v e a g g in t h e g o v e e n t s beh a lf
"
ha s e x ce e de d the bo u n ds o f h is a u t h o r i hy ,
a t 1 10 0
^

A lo n g w it h th e a bo v e c o u rt in s t m c t io n I a m p e rs u a d e d that in m y s t u d ie s a n d
12 ,

re s e a rc h o f th e s e is s u e s a n d la w s I m u s t a ls o r e c o n c il e a n d d e te r m in e u n de r w h at
14 ,

15 j u ri s d i c ti o n , c o n s t it u t i o n a l o r o t h e r w is e , th e go v e m m e n t is m o v in g a ga in s t m e a n d m y

16 p ro p e tr y T o th a t e n d I a m a b le to e x t ra c t f r o m A rt i c l e II I o f t h e Co n s t it u t i o n th a t th e re a re

17 th re e p r o n o u n c e d ju ri s d ic t i o n s . As I r e a d th e A rt i c l e tho s e th re e
ju ri s d i c t io n s a r e
"

in L a w
"

18 "

E q u it y
"

in t e ri g h t
"

(c ) (e q u it y r e s t o w n e r s h ip - )
-
o m m o n law , . . .
-
e tc a n d . . to a ll ca se s o f

1^ Q
^ "

a d m i r a l ty a n d m a r it i m e J u ri s d ic t io n ; ( la w o f th e h ig h s e a s in t e m a t io l i n n a t u re )
•

, n a .

20 " " " "

M o r e o v e r , th e A rt i c l e r e fe r ri n g to . in L a w a n d .
Eq u it y , i n s e rt s the w o rd s ;

21 " "

a ri s in g u n d e r t h is Co n s t it u t i o n ,
w h ic h t e n d s t o g iv e ri s e t h a t o n ly t h o s e tw o ju ri s d i c t i o n s

22
"

a re u n d e r th e g u id i n g h a n d a n d l im it s o f t h e C o n s t it u t i o n T h is is f o l lo w e d b y , . the Law s of

23
"

the U n it e d S t a t e s ,
a n d T re a ti e s m ade , o r w h ic h s h a ll be m ade , u n de r t h e ir A u t h o r it y ; . .

24
s he d s l ig h t th a t t he re m ig h t a ls o be j u ri s d i c t io n s o f se pa ra t e a u t h o ri t i e s o u t s id e th e
25
Co n s t it u t i o n in v o lv in g th e La w s o f the U n it e d S ta t e s a n d /o r Tre a ti e s that a re be yo n d th e
26
n n e n u m e r a t io n s im p o s e d u po n Co n gre s s i n A rt i c l e I w h e n d e a l in g w i t h t h e u n i o n s t a t e s
,

28
P a ge
-
7
 1 The C o m m e rc e C la u s e (A rt I) ju ri s d ic t io n ,
it s a u th o ri t y a n d li m i t s a s f u rt h e r d e f in e d b y

2
th e Co u rt ,
h o w it re la t e s t o I n t e r n a t io n a l T re a ty L a w a n d th i s c a s e w ill b e a dd r e s s e d b e low

F u rt h e r m o re ,
I f in d t h a t a n a d d it i o n a l ju ri s d ic t io n u n d e r A rt IV e x is t s that has be e n

i m p le m e n te d a
g a in s t th e C it i z e n s o f N e v a da a n d th e i r p r o p e tr y i n p u b l ic la n d m a t e rs h e re in

'

Ne v a d a b y t h is v e r y U n it e d S t a te s D i s t ri c t C o u rt s ju ri s d ic t io n , US v GA RDNER .
Ca se N o

CV N 9 5 32 8 D
- - - -
WH , Se e E x h i b it C -
. In o n e in s ta n c e ; by t h is v e ry Co u rt US v NY E

CO U N TY . NEVA DA . Ca s e No C V S 9 5 2 3 2 L D J (R J J )
- - - -
Se e E x h i b it - D .

T h e re f o re P l a i n t if f a n d t h i s H o n o r a b l e C o u rt ha v e o n l y t w o o p t io n s fo r ri s d i c t i o n A rt
g ,
ju .

IV a n d A rt III E v e n the In t e m a t io n a l T r e a t y n d/ o r c o m m e rc e la w ri s d i c t i o n s w il l b e
10 a
ju a s

11 s hown ,
w o u ld ha v e to o p e ra te u n d e r A rt . I ll a n d t h e lim i t s o f t h e C o n s t it u t i o n A tr IV w i l l s t ir p

12 me o f th e Co n s t it u t i o n . A rt I ll w i ll a v a il m e the g u a r a n te e s a n d p r o t e c t io n s o f t he

13 Co n s t it u t i o n O n e w o u ld c e rt a i n l y h th a t P l a i n t if f is
o pe n o t a t t e m p t in g to im p o s e

14 a d m i r a l t y / m a ri t i m e ju ri s d i c t i o n in so m e d i s g u is e d ma n n e r th a t h a s be e n d e s c ri b e d by fo mi e r

15
W il l '

As s t US At o rn e y ,
M a t ly f r o m P la in t if f s o f f ic e , in h is co -
a u tho re d a rt i c le in t h e N e v a d a

16
L a wy e r ,
d a te d J u n e 199 3 Se e E x h i b it - H

17
A ft e r e x a m i n a ti o n o f a ll t h e a bo v e ju ri s d ic t io n s ,
a s e la b o ra te d o n by c o u rt d e f i n it i o n ,

18
t h is H o n o r a b le Co u rt w il l b e l e f t w it h n o o the r o p t io n b u t to d is m i s s th i s a c ti o n w h ic h th e

19
P l a in t if f i s a t e m p t i n g t o b ri n g a g a in s t m e a n d m y pro p e rt y Th a t d is m i s s a l m u st be ba se d
20
u po n a d e t e m i in a t io n o f la w t h a t t h i s C o u rt la c k s t h e j u ri s d i c ti o n t o im p o s e a ju ri s d ic t i o n th a t
21
s t ri p s m e o f my Co n s t it u t i o n a l R e p u b li c a n f o rm o f go v e rn a n c e a n d gu a ra n te e s a n d
22

p r o te c t io n s o f the Co n s t it u t i o n -
t h a t is A rt IV ju ri s d i c t i o n
23 .

24 P l a i n t if f c l a im s t h a t it h a s had o r w i l l h a v e n o r e m e d y a t l a w if it c a n n o t im po s e A rt . IV

25 ju ri s d i c t io n u po n m e T h is is in c o r re c t P l a i n t if f c a n o p e r a t e th ro u g h A rt I ll a n d go by the

26 r u le s a n d l im it s o f the Co n s t it u t i o n ,
the P l a i n t if f c a n n o t im p o se A rt IV ju ri s d i c t i o n o v e r m e

27 P la i n t i f f n o t a l le v i o la t i o n bt a in in j u f o r P l a i n t if f
Mo re o v e r ,
ca n ge a n y e q u ity a n d o n c t iv e r e li e f ,

28
Pa ge -
8
 1 d m it s i t d o s n o t ha v e my ig tu re o n
a e s n a a doc u m e n t or p e r m it o f a n y k i n d a n d th u s I h a v e n o t

2
w a iv e d a n y o f m y ri g h t s

3
If t h e P l a i n t if f p r e v a il s a n d c a n i m po se s u c h a ju ri s d i c t i o n t h a t d e n ie s m e o f m y a cc e s s

4
to p r o te c t m y C it i z e n s h i p s t a tu s a n d pro p e rt y u n de r th e Co n s ti tu ti o n , s u c h a d e c is io n w o u ld

5
d e n y m e r e m e dy a n d w o u ld v io la t e m y F o u rt e e n th A m e n dm e n t g u a r a n te e s a n d ro te c t io n s
p
6
w h ic h a r e t h e c a p s t o n e in g r e d ie n t s o f t h e C o n s t it u t io n t h a t p r o h i b it s e r v it u d e n m e
p la c e d u
po
7
b y a n y go v e r n m e nt M o re o v e r , t h is C o u rt i s c h a r g e d w it h t h e d u ty . S u a s p o n te ,
t o m a ke s u re
8
that n o g o v e m me n t fe d e r a l s ta te a n d/o r lo c a l d e p ri v e s m e o f th e u a r a n te e s a n d
Q , ,
g

I Q p r o t e c t io n s w it h i n s a id A m e n d m e n t .

J U R I S D IC T I O N D E F I N E D A N D C H A L L E N G E D
11

12 T h is a c t io n b ro u
g h t b y th e P l a in t if f a g a in s t m e a n d m y p r o p e tr y h a s it s ro o ts in th e

13 lo n g l in e o f re c e n t d is p u te s a n d ca se s in v o lv in g p u b l ic la n d u se rs a n d th e f e d e ra l l a n d

14 m a n a ge m e n t a n c ie s o f th e h o f th U n it e d S ta te
ge e x e c u ti v e b r a n c e s . Mo s t r e c e n tl y t h is

15
in c lu d e s GA RD N E R a n d NY E Mo re o v e r ,
t h is H o n o r a b le Co u rt i t s e lf has in re c e n t pa st

16
p re s id e d o v e r th e s e m at e rs N Y E

17
A rt IV w a s h e ld in GA RDNER a n d NY E to b e th e a u t h o r it y f o r o w n e r s h ip a n d t he

18
j u ri s d ic t io n to m a n a ge th e p u b li c la n d s by the P l a i n t if f a n d NY E w a s b a s ic a l ly a n o n -

19
j
a d u d ic a t e d m at er be ca u s e a ll p a rt i e s e n te re d in t o s t ip u la t i o n s ,
c o n c e s s io n s a n d/o r

20
"

a g re e m e n ts M o re o v e r , th e Co u rt s t a t e d in p a tr ; [R ja t h e r th e c o n c e s s io n is t a n ta m o u n t to a
21
"

c o n s e n t th a t ju dgm e n t s ho u ld b e e n t e r e d in fa v o r o f the U n i te d S ta te s O p in i o n (S ) p g 7
22
Ho w e v e r th e N Y E Co u rt s to ppe d s h o rt a s to th e b re a d th o f t h e A rt . IV ju ri s d i c t io n in
23 ,

m a n a g e m e n t o f t h e p u b l ic la n d s i n s i d e N e v a da T h e C o u rt d e c l in e d to a d d re s s t h e q u e s ti o n
24
" "

25 f u lly u n t il a c o n c re te ca se pre s e n ts it s e lf O p in i o n (5 ) p g 17 -
18 ,
c it i n g K le p p e T he C o u rt

26 d id m a ke th e c o n c lu s i o n th a t C o n g re ss c o u ld a c t w it h f e d e r a l le g i s l a t io n a n d s a id th a t s u c h

27 le g is la t i o n wo u ld n e ce ss a ri ly o v e m de s ta t e la w u n de r t he Su p re m a c y C la u se Id @ 18 In

28
P a ge
-
9
 1 a d d it io n the G A R D N ER C o u rt h e ld th a t th e U n it e d S t a te s h a d o w
"

w it h t l im it a t i o
"

,
p e r o u n

2 d e r A rt IV
u n O p i n io n (5 ) p g 12 c it i n g K le p p e Th e s e tw o c a s e s d id h a v e th e u e s t io n o f
q

3
A rt IV o w n e r s h ip a n d ju ri s d ic t io n be fo re th e Co u rt a n d w h il e I in t e n d n o t to re -
a rg u e th e

4
w h o le o w n e r s h ip q u e s t io n h e r e ,
th e re a re n e w d e v e lo p m e n t s the Co u rt n e e ds to b e a p p ri s e d

5
o f i n t h is m a t er that m ay c a u s e th e Co u rt to re v i s it t h e o w n e rs h ip q u e s t io n a s it re la t e s t o A rt
6
IV . I o ff e r to t he Co u rt th e im p o rt a n c e o f the f o l lo w i n g a u t h o ri t y to r e c o n c il e th e
7
m i s i n t e n p r e t a t i o n a n d a p p li c a ti o n o f t h e S pre m a cy C la se w it h A rt IV ri s d i c t i o n t o
u u
ju giv e to
8
Co n
g re s s a p o w e r t h a t is u n c h e c k e d b y t h e C o n s t it u t i o n a n d
"

w it h o u t li m it a t i o n
"

a s ha s be e n
9
- g le a n e d f ro m K le p p e
Q
'

It is h e ld th a t Co n gre s s po w e r u n de r th e p r o p e rt y C la u se to a d m in is t e r it s o w n
11

12 p r o p e rt y i s v i rt u a ll
y u n l i m it e d K le p p e 4 2 6 U S . a t 53 9 . T h is e x p r e s s io n is a c c u ra te w he n

13 a p p l ie d t o te r ri to ry o u t s id e th e b o u n d a ri e s o f a n a d m itt e d s ta t e , b u t it s a p p l ic a t io n to 8 7% -

14 9 1 % o f th e a re a o f a n a d m itt e d s ta te h a s t h e e f f e c t o f h o ld i n g t h a t l a n d t o b e i n t e r r it o ri a l

13 i n s u la r p o -
s s e s s io n s t a t u s .

16 I w o ld o f f e r t h a t A rt i c l e I V d o e s n o t p r o
u v id e a u t h o ri t y t o h o ld l a n d s a n d im p l e m e n t A rt

17
IV j u ri s d ic t io n t o g o v e m su c h la n d s (o t h e r th a n t e r ri t o ri a l i n s u l a r - p o s s e s s i o n
-
la n d s ) b e c a u s e

18 '

of th ffe t th t th Co t it u t i o n o t the n li m it C o w hen it

e e c a e n s n ca n n gr e s s s a
p p li e d t o p ro p e rt y
19
i n s id e a n a d m itt e d s t a t e A rt IV w a s f i r s t d i r e cte d b y t h e fo u n d e rs s o le ly t o de a li n g w it h t h e
20
N o tr h w e s t T e r ri t o r y ,
l a n d s t h a t h a d b e e n c e d e d to t h e f e d e ra l g o v e rn m e n t by the s ta te s p ri o r

21
t o t h e a d o p t i o n o f t h e C o n s t it u t i o n . A rt . IV w a s c o n fi n e d and wa s i n te n d e d to b e c o n f in e d t o
22
th a t a re a o f th e s ta t e s a n d s e t le d b y t h e t r e a t y w it h G r e a t B r it a i n a n d h a v e n o i n fl u e n c e o n
23
t e m it o r y a f t e r w a r d s a c q u i r e d f r o m a f o r e i g n g o v e mm e nt Sc o t v S a n fo rd 6 0 U S 3 9 3 (U S
24
. . .
.

M o 1 8 5 6 ); Do w n e s v B id w e ll 182 U S 2 4 4 (19 0 1)
25 .

The U n it e d S t a te s s u b se q u e n t ly a c q u ir e d a d d it io n a l la n d s thro u gh tr e a ty a n d
26

27 co n qu e st Su c h la n ds w e re n o t he ld pu rs u a n t to pro v i s i o n s o f t h e C o n s t it u t i o n , b u t w e r e h e ld

28
P a g e -
10
 1 rs u a n t to t h e t re a ty a d w
pu n a r p o w e rs a n d a s p o w e r s o b ta i n e d b y th e U n it e d S t a t e s th r o u gh

9
A rt IV a s a n in c id e n t o f th e n a t io n a l s o v e re ig n ty ,
n o t by a n y o th e r pro v is io n in th e

3
Co n s t it u t i o n . Cro s s v H am s o n (1 8 5 3 ) . A rt i c l e IV pro v id e s le g i s l a t iv e ju ri s d ic t io n o v e r s u c h

4
la n d s w h il e t h e y a re in te rr it o ri a l i n s u l a r p- -
o s s e s s io n s ta t u s U n it e d S ta te s v G r a t io t .
3 9 US
5
52 6 (18 4 0 ) . Th e la n g u a g e fr o m th e G r a t io t c a s e r e l ie d o n b y G a rd n e r ,
a n d N ye c it i n g K l e p p e
6
ha s a m u c h d if f e r e n t f la v o r f o r a p p li c a tio n w h e n q u o te d co m p le t e ly a s f o l lo w s :

7
" " "

T h e te rm t e r ri t o r y a s h e r e u s e d i s m e r e l y d e s c ri p t i v e o f o n e k i n d o f p r o p e rt y , ,

° " "

a n d is e qu i v a le n t t o t h e w o r d s la n d s A n d C o n g re ss h a s t he s a m e po w e r
o ve r it a s a n y o t h e r p r o p e r t y b e l o n g i n g t o t h e U n it e d S t a t e s ; a n d t h i s p o w e r i s
q
v e st e d in Co n g re s s w it h o u t l im it a t i o n s a n d h a s b e e n c o n s id e re d the ,

w h ic h "

f o u n d at io n u p o n th e te n r t o ri a l g o v e rn me n t s re s t (E m ph a s is
IQ
.

a d de d )
11
Su ch pow er is a f u ll g o v e m in g pow e r u n b ri d le d by t he l i m it s o f th e Co n s t it u t i o n

12
P u r s u a n t to s u ch p ow e r th e Co n g re s s is a u t h o r iz e d to e s t a b li s h a n e x e c u t iv e , a l e g i s la t u r e ,

13
a n d c o u rt s a n d n o t the R e p u b li c a n f o r m o f g o ve m m e n t gu a ra n t e e d b y A rt V I In d e e d ,
a
14
t e m t o ri a l a ct is it s e lf a c o n s t it u t i o n . We s e e s u c h g o ve m in g po w e r c l e a ri y c e a s e s
15
'

- i m m e d ia t e ly o n Ne v a da s s ta te ho o d A m e ri c a n In s u ra n c e v 356 B a le s o f Cot o n 26 U S
Q
.
.

5 1 1 (1 8 2 8 ): B re n n e r V P o rt e r 50 U S 2 3 4 (1 8 5 0 )
27
. .

"

The Co n s t it u t i o n d e a ls w it h s t a te s th e ir e o p le a n d th e ir re pre s e n t a t iv e s
18 , p
Th e s o le o b e ct o f the j t e r r it o ri a l c l a u s e w a s to t ra n s fe r to t h e n e w go v e m me n t

19 th e N o rt h w e s t T e r ri t o r y a n d to g iv e po w e r t o a p p l y t h a t t e r ri t o r y t o t h e o bj e c t s

d ic t a t e d b y th e s ta te s . The Co n s t it u t i o n does n o t e x te n d to t e m it o ri e s o f it s
20 o w n fo rc e Co n g re s s has po w e r o v e r t e r ri t o r y it doe s n o t po ss e s s in th e
"

S ta te s Do w n e s v . B i dw e ll . p a g e 77 3
21
Th e c le a r i m p li c a t i o n o f t h is h o ld i n g is that th e po w e rs a u t h o r iz e d to Co n gre ss
22

p u rsu a n t t o A rt i c l e IV Se c ti o n 3 C la u se 2 e x is t o n ly o u t s id e th e b o u n d a r ie s o f s t a te s
23
, , ,

a d m it t e d in t o t he u n io n It is ir ra t io n a l t o a s s e rt that s u c h fu ll po w e rs o f g o v e rn a n c e
24

25 c o v e ri n g 8 7% 91 % -
o f t h e la n d s u rf a ce o f a s t a te o f t h e U n io n a n d a t th e sa m e t i m e a s s e rt

26 t h a t s u c h s t a t e h a s b e e n a d m itt e d t o t h e U n i o n o n a n e
q u a l f o o ti n g w it h t h e o ri g i n a l s ta t e s in

27 The ha t h po w
e v e ry re s pe ct w ha t so e v e r .
v e ry a r gu m e n t t su c e r ca n e x is t w it h i n a s t a te is

28
Pa g e -
11
 1 it s e lf s u f f i c i e n t r e f u t a t i o n o f t h e c l a im b y t h e F e d e ra l G o v e mm e n t t h a t th e p u b l ic l a n d s w it h i n

2 the S t a te f N e d it e d S t a t e
o v a a a re p r o p e r t y b e lo n g in g to t he U n s T h is A rt IV ju ri s d i c t i o n

3
^
a p p l ie d in t h is m an ner is w hat a t a ck s m y C it i z e n s h ip s ta tu s by s t ri pp in g m e o f the

4
Co n s t it u t i o n .

5
I o f fe r th a t th e ju d i c i a l p o w e r o f t e r ir t o ri a l c o u rt s , w h ic h P l a i n t if f i s n o w a t e m p t in g t o

6
im p o s e u
p o n me t h r o u g h t h is H o n o r a b le Co u rt a n d t h is a c t io n w a s lo n g a g o d e te rm i n e d to
7
ce a se u po n a d m is s io n o f N e v a d a a s a s t a te i n to t h e U n io n In B r e n n e r v P o rt e r .
50 U S . 235
8
(18 5 0 ) th e S u p re m e Co u rt s t a t e d :
9
"

We t h i n k it c l e a r , th e re f o r e , t ha t o n t h e u n c o n d it i o n a l a d m i s s i o n o f F l o ri d a i n t o
10
the U n io n a s a S t a t e , . . the T e r ri t o ri a l g o v e m m
t w a s d i s p la c e d
e n ,
a b ro g a te d ,

e v e ry p a rt o f it; a n d that n o po w e r o f j u ri s d i c t i o n e x i s t e d w it h i n he r l im it s
22 ,

e x c e p t t h a t d e ri v e d f r o m t h e S t a t e a u tho ri t y ,
a n d t h a t by fo rc e a n d o p e r a ti o n o f
the F e d e r a l C o n s t it u t i o n a n d l a w s o f Co n g re ss ; T h e a d m is s i o n o f th e S ta te
22 . . . .

i n to t h e U n io n b r o u
g ht th e T e r ir t o ry u n d er th e fu l l a n d c o m p l e te o p e ra t io n o f

13 th e Fe d e ra l Co n s t i t u t io n ,
a n d th e j u d ic ia l po w e r o f th e U n io n c o u ld be
e x e r c is e d o n ly i n c o n f o r m it y t o t h e p r o v is io n s o f t h a t in s ta lm e n t T h e S ta t e
14 a u th o ri t y w a s d e s t r u c t iv e o f th e T e r ri t o ri a l ; a n d , in c o n n e c t io n w it h the

e s t a b li s h m e n t o f the Fede ra l ri s d i c t i o n the

ju ,
o r g a n iz a t i o n o f the g o v e rn m e n t ,

13 State a n d F e d e ra l ,
u n de r the Co n s t it u t i o n o f the U n io n ,
be ca m e c o m p le t e

th ro g hou t he r
u li m it s N o p la c e w as le f t u n o c c u p ie d for the T e r ri t o ri a l
16 o r g a n iz a t i o n
"

17 '

T h e im p li c a t i o n o f t h e P l a i n t if f s a s s e rt i o n o f A rt i c l e IV ju ri s d i c t i o n o v e r m e w he n I am

18
n o t a t e r ri t o ri a l i n s la r - p s s io n it i z id t of the m is c le ri y t d d w it h
-
u o s s e c e n n o r a re s e n s a e a a o s

19 '

t h is h o ld i n g M o re o v e r , th e Su p re m e Co u rt s h i s t o ri c a l l y c o n s i s t e n t r e c o g n it i o n o f t h i s h o ld i n g

20
a s a p p li e d t o t h e j u d ic ia l p ow e r c a n n o t b e r e c o n c i l e d w it h t h e c l a im t h a t u p o n s t a te h o o d o f

21
"

the S ta te o f Ne v a d a the Fe d e ra l G o v e rn m e n t r e t a in e d le g i s l a t i v e ju ri s d i c t i o n w it h o u t
22
" '

l i m it a t i o n o v e r 87 % 9 1 % -
o f Ne v a da s a re a a n d m e
23
"

The C o n s t it u t i o n does n o t p r o t e c t t h e s o v e r e i g n t y o f S t a t e s f o r t h e b e n e f it o f
24
th e S ta t e s o r s t a te g o v e m m e n t s a s a b s t r a c t p o l it i c a l e n t it i e s o r e v e n f o r t h e ,

b e n e fi t o f the p u b li c o f f ic i a ls g o v e m i n g t h e S t a t e s T o t h e c o n t r a ry the
25
,

Co n s t it u t io n d i v id e s a u t h o ri t b e tw e e n federa l a nd s ta t e e m m e n ts for the

y g o v
'

p r o t e c t io n o f i n d iv i d u a ls S ta t e s o v e re i g n ty is n o t ju s t a n e n d it s e lf : R a th e r
26 ,

f e d e r a li s m s e c u re s to c it i z e n s th e li b e rt i e s t ha t d e ri v e f ro m th e d iff u s io n o f
' "

27 s o v e re i g n pow e r C o le m a n v T ho m p so n .
50 1 U S 12 7 7 . 12 8 1 .
I l l S Ct
2546 .
2 5 7 0 (19 9 1 )
28
 1
I t is a fu n d a m e n ta l v io l a t i o n o f m y ir g h t s t o c l a im that I a m a C it i z e n o f the S ta te o f
q

o N e v a d a a n d th e U n it e d S t a t e s o f A m e ri c a , y e t a m lo c a te d in a n a re a w h e r e in a g e n c ie s o f th e

f e d e ra l g o v e mm e n t c a n e x e r c is e d e s p o t ic p o w e r s u n d e r th e c l a im t h a t t h e o w e r s d le g te d
4 p e a

"

5 to t h e m b y C o n g re s s a re w it h o u t li m i t a t i o n

6 We s e e the S u p re m e C o u rt e x t e n d in g th e a b o v e d o c t ri n e a bo u t te m t o ri a l in
-
s u la r -

7 po s s e s s io n ju ri s d i c t i o n u n d e r A rt IV b e i n g o n l y a p p l i c a b l e t o i n s u l a r p o s s e s s io n s i n H o o v e n &

^ A l li s o n C o m p a n y v E v a t . 3 2 4 U S 6 5 2 ( 19 4 4 ) w h e r e in t h e Co u rt s t a t e d i n p a rt ;

9 "

T h is s ta t u s h a s e v e r s in c e b e e n m a in t a in e d in t h e p r a c t i c a l c o n s t r u c t io n o f the

Co n s t it u t i o n by a ll t h e a g e n c ie s o f o u r go v e mm e n t in d e a l in g w it h o u r in s u la r
20 "

p o s s e s s io n s Id @ 6 73 .

11
"

In e x e r c is in g t h is p o we r .
Co n gre s s is n o t s u b je c t to the s a me l i m it a t io n s ,

12
"

a s w he n it is le g is l a t i n g fo r t he U n it e d State s Id (5 ) 674 .

(E m p h a s is
a dde d )
13
C le a ri
y w e s e e h e re , t a lk i n g to th e A rt IV ju ri s d i c t i o n ,
th a t it is a p p l ie d to i n s u la r
14
-
po s s e s s io n s a n d n o t i n s id e a d m itt e d s t a t e s s u ch a s the S ta te o f Ne v a da a n d tha t Co n re s s
g
.

p , ,

i s h e ld t o C o n s t it u t i o n a l li m i t a t i o n s w he n le g is la t in g f o r it s a g e n c ie s d e a l i n g i n s id e a n a d m itt e d
20

s ta t e L o g i c a ll y it f l o w t h a t t h e A rt IV ri s d i c t i o c a n n o t a t a c h to m y p r o p e tr y a n d
27 s
ju n m e a n d

18 t h i s H o n o r a b le C o u rt m u s t d is m is s t h is a c t io n

19 No w I w is h t o a ppr o a c h th e d o c t ri n e t h a t t h is Co u rt h o ld s t h a t t h e S u pre m a cy C la u s e

20 c o u p l e d w it h A rt . IV ju ri s d i c t i o n g i v e s Co n g re s s u n b ri d l e d p o w e r o v e r s ta t e law F ir s t , if w e

21 f o ll o w d o c t ri n th a t A rt IV ri s d i c t i o n is t e r r i t o ri a l i n s la
the in Do w n e s a n d Ho o v e
ju u r
-
n e

22
po s s e s s io n la w a n d o u t s id e th e Co n s t it u t i o n ,
then the S u pr e m a c y C la u se a n d A rt IV c o u ld

23
n o t o p e r a te s i m u lt a n e o u s l y Se co n d , w e m u st s e e if in d e e d t h e S u p re m a cy C la u s e is th e

24
tr a p d o o r b y w h i c h t h e P l a i n t i f f s c a n g a i n a ll p o w e r a n d o v e r r i d e t h e e x is t e n c e o f the a d m itt e d

25
S t a te o f Ne v a da a n d m y C i t i z e n s h i p s t a t u s a s a C it i z e n o f s a id S t a t e

26

27

28
Pa ge -
13
 1 "

Th e d is s e n t rc e iv e s a s im p l e a n s w er in th a t o rt i o n o f A rt i c l e V I w h ic h
p e p
"

re q u i re d t h a t a ll e x e c u t iv e a n d ju d ic ia l O f f ic e r s ,
b o t h o f t h e U n it e d S t a t e s a n d
2
o f th e s e v e ra l S ta t e s , s h a ll b e b o u n d b y O a th o r A f f ir m a t io n , to s u p p o rt t h i s
' '

Co n s t it u t i o n , a rg u ing th a t b y v irt u e o f th e Su p re m a c y C la u s e t h is m a k e s n ot
3 '

o n ly th e Co n s t it u t i o n , b u t e v e r y la w e n a c te d b y C o n g r e s s a s w e ll , b in d in g o n

s ta te o f f ic e r s in c l u d in g la w s re
q u iri n
g s t a te o f f ic e r e n f o r c e m e n t P o s t a t 6
4 ,
,

' ' '

Th e Su p re m a c y C la u s e ,
ho w e v e r , ma k e s Law o f t he L an d o n ly la w s o f

5 t h e U n it e d S t a t e s w h i c h s h a l l b e m ad e in P u r s u a n c e To f t h e C o n s t it u t i o n T ;

s o th e S u p re m a c y C la u s e m e r e ly b ri n g s u s b a c k to the q u e s t io n d is c u s s e d

6 e a ri i e r , w heth e r la w s c o n s c ri p t i n g s ta te o ff i c e r s v io l a t e s ta t e s o v e re ig n ty a n d
"

a re t hu s n o t in a c c o r d w it h t h e C o n s t it u t i o n
7 P ri t n z /M a c k v U n it e d S t a t e s — U S — (1 9 9 7) Id (5 ) —
(E m p h a s is a dde d ) .

If t h e S u p r e m a c y C la u s e i s q u a lif i e d l y d e f i n e d in t h is m a n n e r the P l a i n t if f e v e n u n d e r
q

t h is C l a u s e is b o u n d a n d lim it e d b y t h e Co n s t it u t i o n a n d i s n o t a b le t o o b t a in ju ri s d i c t i o n o v e r
2Q

m e a n d m y p r o p e tr y co n se qu e n t ly t h u s c ha n g i n g m y C it i z e n s h ip s ta t u s v ia t h e im p o s it i o n o f
11 , ,

12 A rt IV .
Th u s , t h is Co u rt mu st d i s m is s th is a c t io n be c a u s e A rt . IV j u ri s d ic t io n fo r t h e

13 P l a i n t if f a n d f o r t h i s H o no r a b le C o u r t e x p ir e d u p o n t h e Sta te o f N e v a da b e in g a d m it t e d

14 in t o t h e U n io n in 1864 T o h o ld o t h e r w i s e w o u ld b e to h o ld t h a t t h e Co n s ti tu ti o n fo r th e s e

15
U n it e d S t a t e s is in o p e ra t iv e in o v e r 90 % o f N e v a da

16
Co n s e q u e n t ly ,
Co n gre s s w h en m a n a g i n g th e p u b li c l a n d s in N e v a da i s l im i t e d t o a n d

17
go v e m e d by the Co n s t it u t i o n a n d the B il l o f R ig h t s a n d th e i m p le m e n t a t i o n o f fede ra l

18
le g is la t io n in s id e Ne v a d a by th e a g e n c ie s m u s t c o n f o r m to th e S u pre m a cy C la u s e in t h a t th e

19
le g is la t i o n , re g u l a t io n s a n d r u l e s m u st p r o te c t my n a tu ra l c o m m o n l a w a n d i n a li e n a b le R ig h t s
20
n
gu a ra n t e e d a n d p ro t e c te d u n d e r Co n s t it u t io n a n d B i ll o f R i g h ts A g a in the o n ly o the r
q ,

c o n c l u s i o n t h a t c o u ld b e re a c h e d is th a t th e a ge n c ie s th e P l a i n t if f a n d t h is H o n o r a b le Co u rt
22 ,

a re n o t g o v e r n e d a n d l im it e d b y t he C o n s t it u t i o n b u t t h a t c e rt a i n l y c a n n o t b e
23 ,

24 A n o th e r p o s s ib ili t y i s ,
wh at P l a i n t if f is a t e m p t in g t o i m p o s e u po n m e c o u ld w e ll b e

25 In t e r n a ti o n a l T re a ty Law , im ple m e n t e d v ia A rt IV a n d/o r A rt I l l d ir e c t ly t h ro u gh t h is Co u rt

26 a n d /o r th e Co m m e rce C la u se v i a A rt IV a n d/o r so m e h y b ri d kin d o f ju ri s d i c t i o n t h a t t ri e s t o

27
a bdu c t b it s a n d p ie c e s o f a ll o f t h e a b o v e ??

28
P a ge
-
14
 1 T h is t ir d is p te t a rt d w it h th BLM
'

is
e n e u s e e s s u a n c e o f th e Fu ll F o rc e a n d E f fe c t

2
D e c i s io n to m e in Ja n u a ry 1 9 9 3 ,
S e e E x h i b lt - E

3
Th e l in c h p in u s e d by th e BLM a n d US F WS for th e F u ll Fo r c e doc u m e n t w a s th e

4
E n d ang e re d Sp e c ie s A c t o f 19 7 3 The e f f e c t t h a t t h e y w a n t e d t o b ri n g a bo u t appe a rs to be

5
th e r e m o v a l o f m y p ro p e rt y (c a t le ) f ro m th e ra n ge fo r th e D e s e rt T o rt o i s e ,
a l is t e d c ri t e r

6
u n de r th e A c t The A ct w as p a ss e d pu rsu a n t to th e Co n v e n t io n o n I n t e r n a t io n a l T r a d e in
7
En d a n g e re d S p e c ie s o f W ild Fa u n a a n d F lo r a (1 9 7 3 ) M o re o v e r , th e A ct d e ri v e s it s s o le
8
a u th o ri t y f r o m i n t e r n a ti o n a l a g re e m e n t s Se c 2 (a ) (4 ) (A -
G) o f th e A c t
q

The p u rp o s e o f th e A ct is a ll p r e d ic a t e d o n a c h ie v i n g th e
p u np o s e s o f t r e a t ie s a n d
20

21 c o n v e n t io n s w h ic h a re i n t e m a t io n a l i n n a t u r e . Se c 2 (b ) o f the A c t T h e c o m m e r c ia l a c t i v it y

12 w h ic h is f o r e ig n c o m m e rc e re f e r re d to in the A ct o n ly inv o lv e s i n d i v id u a l s that doe s n o t

13 d e s c ri b e o r d e f in e p e rs o n s s u c h a s m y s e lf o r th e ty p e o f b u s in e s s I a m n o t n o w n o r e v e r

14 ha be Se ( 1 ) & (6 ) (A D ) Se
v e e n e n g a g e d in c 3 o f th e A c t e E x h i b it - F
-
.

15
I o f fe r t h e f o ll o w i n g li m it e d l in e o f c a se s t h a t d e a l w it h In t e r n a ti o n a l T re a ty Law to

16
s ho w la c k o f s t a n d in g o n th e p a rt o f P l a i n t if f s h o u ld it p u rsu e s u c h a sche m e to im p o s e

17
In t e m a t i o n a l T r e a t y L a w u po n m e an d m y p r o p e rt y Th e f o ll o w i n g c a s e s s t at e in p a rt ;

18
Sa n to v i n c e n z o v Ega n 284 U S . 30 .
4 0 .
5 2 S Ct 8 1 ( 19 3 1 ) :
19
"

T h e t re a ty m a k i n g p o w -
e r is bro a d e n o u g h to c o v e r a ll s u b e c t s j t h a t p r o p e ri y
20 p e rt a i n to o u r fo re i n
g r e la t io n s ,
a n d a gre e m e n t w it h r e s p e c t t o t h e ri g h t s a n d

p ri v i le g e s o f c it i z e n s o f the U n it e d S t a te s in f o r e i g n c o u n t ri e s ,
a n d o f the
21 n a t io n a ls o f su ch c o u n t ir e s w it h i n t h e U n it e d S t a t e s , a n d t h e d i s p o s it i o n o f t h e

p r o p e rt y o f a li e n s d y i n g w it h i n t h e t e r ir t o r y o f t h e re s pe c t iv e p a rt i e s ,
is w it h i n
22 "

th e s c o p e o f t h a t p o w e r .

23
In r e R e id .
6 F Su p p . 80 0 .
8 0 3 (D O re .
19 3 4 ):

24 "

Fo r ,
a lt h o u gh the t re a ty m a k in g po w e r e x te n d s to a ll s u b e cts j w h ic h a re
'

25 p r o pe r for n e g o t ia t i o n b e tw e e n n a t io n s , it w o u ld n o t be co nte n de d that it

"

e x te n ds s o fa r a s t o a u t h o ri z e w h a t t h e Co n s t i t u t i o n f o r b id s .

26
* ^
Re v , o n o the r g ro u n d s . 7 3 F 2d 15 3 ( 9 C ir .
1934) .

27

28
Pa ge -
15
 1 S k i ri o te s v S ta te o f F l o ri d a ,
3 13 U S 6 9 . 72 . 7 3 . 6 1 S Ct 92 4 . 9 2 7 f 19 4 1 ) :

9
* "

In t e m t i o n a l l a w i s a p a rt
"

a o f o u r la w a n d a s su c h is t h e la w o f a l l S t a t e s o f th e

U n io n b u t it i s a p a rt o f o u r la w f o p p li c a t i o n
r a o f it s o w n p ri n c i p le s a n d
3
. .
, ,

the s e a re c o n c e rn e d w it h In t e r n a t i o n a l ri g h t s a n d d u t ie s a n d n o t w it h d o m e s t i c
"

ri g h t s a n d d u t ie s
4

5 S p ie s V . M c G he e . 3 1 6 M ic h . 6 14 . 25 N W 2 d 638 . 6 4 4 (1 9 4 7 ):

We
"

6 do n o t u n d e rs ta n d it to b e a p ri n c ip l e o f la w th a t a t re a ty b e tw e e n

s o v e r e ig n n a ti o n s i s a p p l ic a b l e t o t h e c o n t r a c t u a l ir g h t s b e t w e e n c it i z e n s o f th e

7
"

U n it e d S t a t e s whe n a d e te mi i n a ti o n o f t h e s e ri g h t s is s o u g h t i n S t a te c o u rt s .

3 4 3 S E 2 d 3 9 7 (W V a
'

A n to sz V S t a te C o m p Com m .
. A pp .
,
1 9 4 7 ): (W o nk m e n s c o m p c a s e

w it h N R A s c l a im i n g b e n e f it s ) :

"

B u t s u ch c o n s t r u c t io n s ho u ld n o t b e e x te n d e d
s o a s to i n f ri n g e u p o n t h e
2Q
Co n s t it u t i o n o f t h e U n it e d S t a t e s ,
o r to in d e th e p ro v i n c e o f t h e s ta t e s o f t h e
v a

U n io n i n m a t e r s i n h e r e n t ly lo c a l o r to r e s t ir c t t h e v a ri o u s s t a t e s i n t h e e x e r c i s e
22 "
,

o f t h e i r s o v e r e ig n p o w e rs ,
Id .
,
a t 399 ,
4 00 .

12
S e e rv v U n it e d S t a t e s .
127 F . Su p p 60 1 .
6 0 6 (Ct CI .
.
1 9 5 5 ):

13
"

{A } n e x e c u t iv e a g r e e me n t , n o t b e in g a t ra n s a c t io n w h ic h is e v e n m e n t io n e d in
14 "

t h e C o n s t it u t i o n , c a n n o t im pa ir Co n s t it u t i o n a l r i g h t s

13 P ie Ea t e m A ir L i n e s In c 15 2 F S 4 8 6 (D N J 1 9 5 7 ):
rr e v s . .
u p p .
(B a g g a g e lo s t o n

^
_ int e r n a t io n a l f li g h t ) :
l b

Wa
"

The rs a w Co n v e n t io n re g u la t e s a n d p p li e s
a to a ll in t e m a ti o n a l
2 7 "

t r a n s p o rt a t i o n o f p e rs o n s ,
ba gg a ge ,
o r g o o ds p e rf o r m e d b y a i r c r a ft fo r h ir e ,

Id a t 4 87
28
"

19 It i s w e ll s e t l e d t h a t n o a rt i c l e o r t e rm o f a t r e a t y m a y n u llif y a n y g u a r a n t e e o f

a ri g h t p r e s e r v e d b y c o n s t it u t i o n a l p r o v i s i o n t o o u r c it i z e n s N o t re a t y m a y
"

20 a u t h o ri z e w h a t t h e C o n s t it u t i o n f o r b i d s ,
Id a t 4 88
, .

21 P o w e ll V Z u c k e rt .
366 F 2 d 6 34 ,
6 4 0 (D C . C ir .
19 6 6 ): ( D is c h a rg e o f A i r m a n in J a pa n ,

g o v e r n m e n t a s s e rt e d tr e a ty a s a u t h o ir t y ) :

"

[N ] o a greem e n t w it h a fo re ig n n a t io n c a n c o n fe r po w e r o n th e Co n g re s s , o r
23
o n a n y o th e r bra n c h o f G o v e mm e nt , w h ic h is fr e e f ro m the re s tr a i n t s o f the
"

Co n s t it u t i o n . R e id v Co v e rt . 3 54 U S 1 . 16 . 77 S C t 12 2 2 12 4 3 0
24
,

H i e ll e v B ro o k s 37 7 F S u p p 4 30 4 3 8 (D A la s ka 1 9 7 4 ): (C r a b f is h e r m a n s u e d s t a te to
25 . . .

e j
n o in fi s h re g u la t io n s ) :

26
"

A s t o t h e t r e a t ie s p la in t if f s l a c k s t a n d i n g t o i n v o k e t h e m o n t h e i r b e h a lf f o r
, ,

'

27 n o t i n a p o s i t i o n t o i n v o k e t h e ri g h t s o f o t h e r g o v e m m e n t s o r o f
p l a i n t if f s a re
'

th e n a t io n a l s o f o t h e r c o u n t ri e s .

28
Pa g e -
16
 1

o So u c he ra v v C o nj s o f E n g in e e r s o f U S A rm y .
4 83 F . S u p p 3 52 . 3 5 7 (W D W is . 19 7 9 ):

(L a n d o w n e r s s u e d fo r d a m a g e s f o r w a te r le v e l o f La k e S u p e ri o r ri s i n g ) :

4 "

The Co u rt is in f u ll a g r e e m e n t w it h p l a i n t if f s t h a t a t re a ty m a n o t v io la t e th e
y
"

c o n s t it u t i o n a l ri g h t s o f A m e ri c a n c it i z e n s
5 .

6 A n d , e v e n the U n it e d N a t io n s C h a rt e r ,
A rt 2 , p a r 7 :

7 "

N o t h in g c o n t a i n e d i n t h e p r e s e n t c h a rt e r sha ll a u t h o ri z e t h e U n it e d N a t i o n s to

in t e rf e r e i n m a t e r s w h ic h a re e s s e n t i a l ly w it h i n t h e d o m e s t ic j u ri s d ic t io n o f a n y
8 s ta te . . .
"

9
Ba s e d o n th e a u th o ri t i e s c it e d a b o v e , th e P l a i n t if f a n d t h is H on o ra b le Co u rt c a n n o t

10
im p o s e t h e p ow e r o f In t e m a t i o n a l T r e a t y Law a g a in s t me a n d m y p r o p e rt y i n t h i s in s ta n t

11
m at er a n d t h is H o n o r a b le Co u rt m u st d i s m is s t h is a c t io n In a d d it io n , if the F u l l Fo rc e

12
do c u m e nt w as ba se d o n a f a ls e p r e m is e f o r it s a u t h o ri t y whe n it w a s c o n c e iv e d ,
th e n it i s
13
e v e n u n to t h i s d a y f r u it o f t h e p o i s o n o u s t re e a n d a ll a c t io n s fo r e n f o rc e m e n t o f it t h a t h a v e

14
be e n im p l e m e n t e d a re in d e e d v o id a b in i t i o a n d d o n o t a t a c h t o m e a n d / o r m y p r o p e rt y
15
P l a i n t if f m a y a s s e rt t h a t t h e A c t a n d th e F u l l F o rc e d o c u m e n t o p e ra t e a ga in s t m e a n d
2Q

m y p r o p e tr y v i a th e C o m m e rc e C l a u s e F o r t h e a n s w e r o n t h a t w e n e e d t o e x a m in e w h a t t h e
27
.

28 S u pr e m e Co u rt ha s s t a t e d in p a rt in t h e f o l lo w i n g c a s e s ;

19 A L A Sc he c te r Po u lt r y C o m v U n it e d S t a t e s .
2 95 U S 4 95 . 55 S Ct 837 19 3 5 ):

20
"

If the co m m e rce c la u s e w e re c o n s t ru e d to re a c h a ll e n te r p ri se s a n d

tr a n s a c tio n s w hic h c o u ld be sa id t o h a ve a n i n d ir e c t e ff e ct u po n in t e r s t a te

21 c o m m e rce ,
th e fe d e r a l a u t h o ir t y w o u ld e m b r a c e p r a c t i c a l l y a l l t h e a c t i v it i e s o f
th e p e o ple , a n d th e a u th o ri t y o f th e s ta te o v e r it s d o m e s t i c c o n c e rn s w o u ld
22 e x is t o n ly b y s u f f e r a n c e o f th e f e d e ra l go v e mm e nt In d e e d o n s u c h a the o r
.
, y ,

'

th e de v e lo f th e ia l fa c i l it i e s bj e ct to
q
e ve n pm e n t o s ta t e s c o m m e rc w o u ld b e s u
^ ^^ "

fe d e ra l c o n t ro l ,
Id ,
a t 546 .

24
U n it e d S t a t e s v Lope z .
— US — (1 9 9 5 ) c it i n g f r o m t h e s l i p o p i n i o n (5 ) 18 19 -

25 "

In Jo & La g h l in S te e l 30 1 U S a t 37 w e h e ld t h a t t h e u e s t io n o f
n e s u . . .

q
" "

26 co n g r e s s io n a l p o w e r u n d e r th e f d e g re e Co m m e r ce C la u se i s n e c e s s a ir l y o n e o To
"

i
t h e s a m e e ff e c t i s t h e c o n c u m n g o p i n i o n o f J u s t c e C a r d o z o i n S c h e c t e P o u lt r y :
r

27

28
Pa ge -
17
 1 '

Th e re is a v ie w o f c a u s a t io n th a t w o u ld o b l it e r a te th e d is t in c t io n o f w h a t is
n a t io n a l a n d w h a t is lo c a l in t h e a c t i v it i e s o f c o m m e rc e M o t io n a t the o u te r ri m
2 is c o m m u n ic a t e d pe rc e p t ib l y , th o u g h m in u t e ly , t o r e c o r d in g in s t r u m e n t s a t t h e
'

c e n te r A s o c i e ty su c h a s o u rs is a n e la s t i c m e d i u m w h i c h t r a n s m it s a ll
3 ' "

tr e m o r s t h ro u g h o u t it s t e r ri t o r y ; t h e o n ly q u e s ti o n is o f t h e i r s iz e 29 5 U . S .
a t
, 554 (q u o t in g U n it e d S t a t e s v A L A . S c h e cte r Po u lt r y C o m . 76 F 2 d 6 17 . 624
J '

(C A 2 1 9 3 5 ) ( L H a nd , J .
,
c o n c u r ri n g )) .

5
Th e s e a re n o t p re c is e fo r m u la t io n s ,
a n d in the n a tu re o f t h in g s th e y c a n n o t

6 b e B u t w e t h in k th e y p o in t th e w a y to a c o me c t d e c i s io n o f t h is c a s e Th e

po s s e s s io n o f a g u n in a lo c a l s c h o o l z o n e is in n o se n se a n e c o n o m ic a c t i v it y th a t

7 m ight ,
th r o u g h re p e t it i o n e ls e w h e r e ,
s u b s t a n t i a ll y a ff e c t a n y s o rt o f in t e rs t a te
c o m m e rc e . Re spo n d e n t w a s a lo c a l s t u d e n t a t a lo c a l s c h o o l ; t h e r e is n o in d ic a t io n
8 that he had r e c e n t ly mo v e d i n in t e r s t a t e c o m m e r c e ,
a n d th e re is n o re q u ir e m e n t tha t
"
h is p o s s e s s io n o f t h e f ir e a r m ha v e a n y c o n c re te t ie t o i n t e r s t a t e c o m m e rc e .

9
" '

To u p h o ld the G o v e m me n t s c o n t e n ti o n s h e re ,
w e w o u ld h a v e to p il e
10
i n fe re n c e u pon in f e r e n c e in a ma nne r that w o u ld b id f a ir to c o n v e rt c o n g r e s s io n a l

a u t h o ri t y u n de r the Co mm e rce C la u se t o a g e n e r a l p o l ic e p o w e r o f t h e s o rt r e t a in e d
22
b y t he St at e s . A d m itt e d l y , so m e o f o u r p ri o r c a s e s h a v e ta k e n lo n g ste ps do w n that
ro a d g i v in g g r e a t d e f e r e n c e to c o n g r e s s io n a l a c t io n S e e s u pra a t 8 The b ro a d
22 , .

,
.

l a n g u a g e i n t h e s e o p i n i o n s h a s s u g g e s t e d t h e p o s s ib il it y o f a d d it i o n a l e x p a n s i o n bu t ,

13 w e d e c li n e h e r e t o p r o c e e d a n y f u rt h e r T o d o s o w o u ld r e q u i r e u s t o c o n c l u d e t h a t
'

th e C o n s t it u t i o n s e n u m e r a t i o n o f p o w e r s d o e s n o t p r e s u p p o s e s o m e t h i n g n o t
14 e n u m e ra t e d cf G ib b o n s v O g d e n s u p r a a t 1 9 5 a n d t h a t t h e r e n e v e r w il l b e a
,
.

, , ,

d i s t i n c t i o n b e t w e e n w h a t i s t r u ly n a t io n a l a n d w h a t i s tr u ly lo c a l ,
c f Jo n e s & La u g h li n
15
"

Ste e l , s u pr a , a t 30 T h is w e a re u n w i ll i n g t o do .

13 "

Fo d g m e n t o f t h e C o u rt o f A p p e a l s i s A f f i r m e d
"

r t h e f o r e g o in g r e a s o n s t h e ju
17
Lo p e z J u s t ic e T h o m a s c o n c u m C it i n g t h a t s li p o p i n i o n (S ) 1 3 14
-
.
, n g

18 " " "

T h e r e is a m u c h be t e r i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f t h e a f f e c t [s ] l a n g u a g e : b e c a u s e t h e
Co u rt h a d e a ri i e r n o t e d t h a t t h e c o m m e r c e p o w e r d id n o t e x t e n d t o w h o ll y i n t r a s t a t e
19
c o m m e rc e ,
th e Co u tr w a s a c k n o w l e d g i n g t h a t a lt h o u g h t h e li n e b e t w e e n i n t r a s t a t e

; 20 a n d in t e r s t a t e / f o r e ig n c o m m e r c e w o u ld b e d if f i c u lt t o d r a w ,
f e d e ra l a u t h o ri t y c o u ld n o t
be c o n s t ru e d to co v e r pu re l
y i n tr a s t a te co m m e rce Co m m e r ce th a t d id n o t a ff e c t

21
" "

a n o the r S ta t e c o u ld n e v e r b e s a id t o b e c o m m e r c e a m o ng the s e v e ra l S t a te s .

22 "

B u t e v e n if o n e w e r e t o a d o p t t h e d i s s e n t s r e a d i n g t h e a f f e c t [s ] la n g u a g e
'

,
" "

at m o st , p e r m it s C o n g r e s s t o r e g u la t e o n ly in t r a s t a t e c o m m e r c e t h a t s u b s t a n t ia l l y
23 a ff e c t s i n t e r s ta t e a n d fo re ig n c o m m e rc e Th e re is n o re a so n to b e li e v e th a t C h ie f
. J u s t ic e M a r s h a ll w a s a s s e rt i n g t h a t C o n g re s s c o u ld re g u la t e a l l a c t i v i t ie s th a t a ff e ct
q "

in t e rs t a te c o m m e rc e S e e I b id .

25 " '

The s e c o n d s o u rc e o f c o n f u s io n ste m s f ro m th e Co u rt s p r a is e fo r th e
' "

Co n s t it u t i o n s d iv is io n o f pow e r b e tw e e n t h e S t a te s a n d t h e Fe d e ra l G o v e m m e n t:
26
'

27 T h e g e n iu s a n d c h a r a c t e r o f t h e w h o l e g o v e m m e n t s e e m t o b e , t h a t it s
a c ti o n i s t o b e a p p li e d t o a l l t h e e x t e m a l c o n c e m s o f t h e n a t i o n ,
a n d to
28
Pa ge -
18
 #

1 th o s e in t e m a l c o n c e rn s w h i c h a f f e c t t h e S t a t e s g e n e r a ll y ; b u t n o t t o
th o s e w h ic h a r e c o m p l e t e l y w it h i n a p a rt i c u l a r S t a t e w h i c h d o n o t a f f e c t ,

2 o the r S ta te s a n d w it h w h i c h it i s n o t n e c e s s a r y t o i n t e rf e r e f o r th e
, ,

'

p u rp o se o f e x e c u tin g s o m e o f th e ge n e ra l po w e rs o f t he go ve m m e n t .

^
Id , a t 19 5

4 "

In t h i s p a s sa ge ,
th e Co u rt m e r e ly w a s m a k in g t h e w e ll u n d e rs t o o d p o i n t th a t
"
" " "

the C o n s t it u t i o n c o m m it s m a t e rs o f n a ti o n a l co n ce m to C o n g re s s a n d le a v e s lo c a l
5
m a t e rs to t h e S ta t e s Th e Co u rt w a s n o t s a y i n g th a t w h a te v e r Co n gre s s b e l ie v e s is

6 a n a t io n a l m a t e r b e c o m e s a n o bje c t o f f e d e r a l c o n t ro l Th e m a t e rs o f n a t io n a l

co n ce m a re e n u m e ra te d in th e Co n s t it u t i o n : w a r ,
tax e s , p a te n ts ,
a n d c o p y ri g h t s ,

7 u n if o r m r u le s o f n a tu ra li z a ti o n a n d ba n k a i p tc y , ty p e s of c o m m e rc e , a n d so o n See
'

ge n e r a l ly U . S . Co n s t .

,
A rt I ,
Se c . 8 . G ib b o n s e m ph a t ic s ta te me n ts that C o n gre s s
8 c o u ld n o t re g u l a te ma n y m a t e rs th a t a ff e c t c o m m e r c e c o n f i rm t h a t th e Co u rt did n o t
"

re a d t h e C o m m e r c e C la u s e a s gra n t in g Co n g re s s c o n t ro l o v e r m a t e r s th a t a ff e c t th e
° '

S ta t e s g e n e r a ll y G ib b o n s s im ply c a n n o t b e c o n s tm e d a s t h e p ri n c i p a l d i s s e n t w o u ld
"

- ha v e it . (E m p h a s i s i n o ri g i n a l) L o p e z
q

"

I am a w a re o f n o c a s e s p ri o r to the Ne w De a l t h a t c h a r a c t e ri z e d th e pow e r
22
f lo w i n g f r o m the Com m e rc e C la u se a s sw e e p in g ly a s does o u r s u b s t a n t ia l e f f e c t s

te s t M y r e v iew of th e c a se la w in d ic a t e s t h a t t h e s u b s t a n t ia l e f f e c ts t e s t is b u t an
22 *
in n o v a t io n o f t h e 20 c e n t u ry
"

Lo p e z (5) —
13
Th e a b o v e a u t h o ri t
y a ls o d e n ie s P l a i n t if f a n d t h i s H o n o r a b l e C o u rt t h e a b ilit y t o a s s e rt
14
Co m m e rc e C la u se ju ri s d i c t i o n o v e r me a n d m y p r o p e tr y w it h re s pe c t to the F u ll F o rc e
15
do cu m e n t ,
E SA a u t h o r it y by a n d/o r thro u
g h In t e m a t io n a l T r e a t
y Law ju ri s d i c t i o n o r a n y othe r

16
- « a t e m pt e d c o m b in a t io n o f s c h e m e s to im p o s e a n y s u c h a u t h o ir t y

'
-
A ls o th ro u gh o u t a ll the se s e v e ra l ye a r s n o o n e f ro m th e P la i n t if f s s id e ha s
2g , ,

a s s e rt e d b ro u g h t f o rt h o r e n te re d a n y e v id e n c e th a t a n y o f the De s e rt T o rt o i s e s in a n d
29 ,

20 a ro u n d my p r o p e rt y is m ig r a t in g i n t e r n a t io n a l ly a n d / o r e n g a g e d in in t e r s t a t e m ig r a t io n s It

21 w o u ld ha v e be pro v e n that the v e ry T o rt o is e s in a n d a ro u n d m y p r o p e tr y o n th e ra n ge a re

22 su c h m i g r a t o r y t y p e c ri t e r s a n d h a v e m i g r a t e d i n t h a t s p e c if i c m an n e r to t ri g g e r a n y t y p e of

^ ^ Co m m C la ri in t he
"

e rc e u s e ju s d ic t io n E v e n if that w e r e the c a se s o m e s l ig h t ma nne r

24
Co n s t it u t i o n w o u ld s t il l be o p e r a t iv e to li m it a c t io n (s ) t a ke n a g a in s t me a n d m y prop e rt y .

25 ^
Ca se la w c it e d a bo v e .

26

27

28
P a ge
-
19
 1 T h is H o n o ra b le C o u rt m u s t d is m is s t h is a c t io n b e c a u s e th e re is n o Co m m e rc e C la u s e

2 d
ju ri s d i c t i o n a v a i l a b l e t o t h e P l a i n t if f a n d / o r t h i s C o u rt t o pro ce e a g a in s t m e a n d m y p ro p e rt y

3 I am p e r s u a d e d th a t : :

4
1 P l a i n t if f a n d t h is H o n o ra b le Co u rt d o n o t w is h to a s s e rt that th e y h a v e in t h is

5 " "

i n s ta n t m a t e r th e a u t h o ri t y t o im p o s e t h e e m e r ge n c y pow e rs o f Co n g re s s a n d /o r

6
th e P re s id e n t (w a r o r o t h e r w is e ) u po n m e a n d m y p r o p e rt y a s d e s c ri b e d in t h e
7
Co n g re s s i o n a l R e p o rt s a s s e t f o rt h h e r e i n in E x h i b it G -
.

8
2 P l a i n t if f a n d t h is H on o ra b le Co u rt d o n o t w is h to a s s e rt that th e y ha v e in t h is
9

- in s t a n t m a t e r th e a u t h o ir t y to im p o s e th e a d m i r a lt y / m a ri t im e ju ri s d i c ti o n o f the
Q

Co n g re s s a n d /o r P r e s id e n t u po n m e a n d m y p r o p e rt y a s d e s c ri b e d i n t h e a rt i c l e
22

W ill '

a u th o r e d b y fo rm e A sst US A t mey M a t ly f r o m P l a i n t if f s o f f ic e se t
22
-
c o r . o , a s

13 f o rt h h e r e i n i n E x h ib it - H

14 3 P l a i n t if f a n d t h is H o n o r a b le Co u rt d o n o t w is h to a s s e rt that they ha v e in t h is

13 in s t a n t m a t r th e a u t h o ri t
y t o im p o s e A rt I Sec 8 C la 17 ri s d i c t i o n n
-
e .

,
.

,
u s e 18 ju u
p o

16
m e a n d m y p r o p e rt y a s d e s c ri b e d in th e e x c e rpt s o f the 195 7 R e p o rt o n

17
J u ri s d ic t io n Ov e r F e d e ra l A re a s W it h in Th e S ta te s , C h a p te rs l l& l l l a s se t f o rt h

18
h e r e in in E x h i b it - ! It i s i n te r e s t in g th a t th e c o n c e rn s r a is e d in t h is re
p o rt a m p lif y

19
ju s t w h a t th e Fo u n d in g F a th e rs fe a re d w o u ld h a p pe n if t h e c e n t ra l go v e m m e n t

20
w e r e a b le t o c o nj u re u
p s ch e m e s t o o w n a n d r u le (n o t u n l ik e a kin g) o v e r 90 % o f
21
the s u rf a c e o f a n a d m itt e d s ta t e .

22
P l a i n t if f a s s e rt s t h a t I l i v e in C la r k C o u n ty N e v a da w h i c h s u p p o rt s t h e f a c t t h a t I a m
23 ,

n o t a c i t iz e n a n d /o r r e s id e n t o f a n y t e r ri t o ri a l i n s u l a r p o s s e s s i o
- -
n o r e n c la v e p r o p e tr y
24

b e lo n g i n g t o t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s w h ic h s p p o rt s th e a rg m ent that m e n d m y p r o p e rt y c a n n o t
25 u u a

26 be su ff e re d to ha v e s o m e s tr a n ge ju ri s d i c t io n im p o se d u po n m e a n d m y p r o p e tr y th a t is

27 o u t s ide a n d fo re ig n t o t h e C o n s t it u t i o n

28
P a ge
-
20
 1 P l a i n t if f a s s e rt s th a t I o w n a n d /o r o e ra te a l iv e s to c k ra n c h in th e a b o v e s a id c o u n ty
p

2 a n d s t a te in
"

m a ri t a l
" ' *
a c o m m u n it y w h ic h w h e n I stu d
y it s d e f i n it i o n in B la c k s 5 L a w

3
d i c t io n a r y a n d se c u re a n u n d e r s ta n d i n g o f sa m e , t h a t t h is i s a C o m m o n Law ju ri s d i c t i o n t h a t I

4
a m o p e r a t in g m y l iv e s to c k r a n c h u n d e r w hic h s u p p o rt s th e a r
g u m ent th a t m e a n d m y

5
p r o p e rt y c a n n ot be s u ffe re d to ha v e so m e s tr a n ge ju ri s d ic t io n im p o s e d u po n m e a n d m y

6
p r o p e r t y t h a t is o u t s id e a n d f o r e i g n t o t h e C o n s t it u t i o n .

7
P l a i n t if f a s s e rt s that it n o lo n g e r has a n y d o c u m e n t (s ) u n de r th e li c e n s i n g p e r m it
8
sc he m e w it h m y s i g n a t u r e o n it T ha t ca m e a bo u t w h e n u p o n m y f ir s t k n o w le d g e I f ir e d t h e
9
- BLM fr o m t h e ir ra n ge m a n a ge m e n t s e r v ic e s y e a rs bac k w h e n they t ri e d to im p o s e th i s
q

22
f o r e ig n ju ri s d i c t i o n u po n me a n d m y p ro p e rt y A nd ,
n e it h e r the P l a i n t if f n o r t h i s Ho n o ra b le

22 Co u rt h a v e a n y doc u me n t (s ) s ig n e d by me w a i v in g a n y o f m y n a t u r a l i n h e r it Co n s t i t u t io n a l

13 a n d /o r Com m o n La w g u a ra n t e e s a n d p r o t e c t io n s a n d n o n e c a n b e im p o s e d u p on me a nd m y

14 p ro p e rt y a g a i n s t m y w il l b y s o m e ju ri s d i c t i o n t h a t i s o u t s id e a n d f o re i g n to th e C o n s t it u t i o n

15 Thro u gh a l l a s s e rt i o n s m ade b y P la i n t if f t h e re is n o t h in g o ffe r e d t h a t th e y ha v e a n y

16 k in d o f doc m t w it h m y s ign at u r e e s t a b l is h in a c o n n e c ti o n b e tw e n m e o r a n y o n e
u e n g e

17 '

in v o lv e d i n t h e a c t io n w h ic h w o u l d d e f i n e e a c h a n d e v e ry p a tr y s p r o p e tr y a n d e q u it y i n t e r e s t ,

18
o w n e r s h ip , a n d /o r ri g h t (s ) in o th e r w o rd s , a ll e le m e n ts m a d e w it h c le a n han d s i n c lu d in g

19
f a i r n e s s a n d e q u it a b l e d i s t ri b u ti o n f o r a ll i n v o lv e d . So ,
I s e e th a t t h e ju ri s d i c ti o n h e r e c a n n o t

20
be o n e fo r e q u it a b le in j u n c t io n for P l a in t if f a n d a ga in ,
P l a i n t if f is a t e m p t in g to a s s e rt

21
s o m e t h in g o ut s id e a n d f o r e i g n t o t h e C o n s t it u t i o n
22
C O N C L U S IO N
23

q J I h a v e p u t b e f o r e t h i s H o n o r a b le C o u rt a ll p o s s ib l e ju ri s d ic t io n s t h a t I a m a w a re o f th a t

c o u ld be a po s s i b i lit y a n d/o r a v a i la b le Ma yb e th e re is s o m e t h in g o u t t h e re th a t I h a v e
25

26 in a d v e rt e n t l y pa s se d o v e r o r m is s e d .

27

28
P a ge
-
21
 1 M a yb e th e r e is n o w s o m e t h in g o f a ju ri s d i c t io n t h a t ca n s t ri p m e o f a n d m y p r o p e tr y i n

2 c h a m a n n e r t h a t is f o r e ig to w h t I ha bee n ta
s u n a v e u g h t t h ro u gh m y R e li g i o n a n d s t u d i e s o f

3 o u r w hat o u r Co n s t it u t i o n a l R e p u b li c i s .

4
M a yb e th e re is s o m e t h in g o f a fo re ig n ju ri s d i c t i o n th a t ca n m ak e l e g it i m a t e s tr o n g a rm

5
t a c t ic s o f e x t o rt i o n a n d b la c km a il w he n I t a ke a R e l ig i o u s a n d Co n s t it u t i o n a l s ta n d fo r

6
p r o t e c t io n o f m y s e lf a n d m y p r o p e tr y a s has b e e n d o n e to m e i n t h is m at e r and a c t io n ,
a s

7
'

s e t f o rt h i n B u d d s le t e r .

8
M a
yb e P l a i n t if f a n d t h is H o n o r a b le Co u rt c a n im p o s e A rt IV ju ri s d i c t i o n (t e m t o ri a l-
9
in s u la r -

po s s e s s io n la w ) a lo n e u
po n m e a n d m y p r o p e tr y a n d / o r e v e n c o u p le it w i t h s o m e s o rt
10
o f I n t e m a t io n a l T r e a t y L a w f o r e ig n c o m m e r c e ju ri s d i c t i o n a n d / o r i n t e r s t a t e co m m e rce u n de r
22 ,

th e Co m m e rc e C la u s e ju ri s d ic t io n a n d /o r e m e rg e n c y po w e rs (w a r o r o t h e r w is e ) ju ri s d i c t i o n
22

13 a n d / o r a d m i r a lt y / m a ri t im e ju ri s d i c t i o n a n d /o r e n c l a v e ju ri s d ic t io n in v o lv i n g s o m e f o rt , a rs e n a l ,

14 d o c ky a r d o r n e e dfu l b u i ld i n g o r m i lit a r y r e s e r v a ti o n (s u s pe n d in g th e Co n s ti tu ti o n in th e

15 a d m itt e d S ta te o f N e v a da )

13 fo w it h a ll t h e bo
M aybe P l a i n t if f c a n o l a ro u n d a v e a n d then s o m e f iv e o r s ix y e a rs

17 d
a fte r th e fa c t a n d a t e m pt to a s s e rt s o m e stra n ge f o r e ig n ju ri s d i c t i o n (s ) , e x t o rt i o n a n

18
b la c k m a il a n d tr y t o e n g a g e t h is H o n o r a b le Co u rt i n th e s c a m

19
M a yb e P l a i n t if f c a n a s s e rt t h is s tr a n g e f o r e ig n ju ri s d i c t i o n (s ) that has n o s t a t u te o f

20
li m it a t i o n s th a t a t a c h a f t e r f iv e y e a r s o f f u m b li n g a n d t r y in g t o f ig u r e o u t w h a t it i s g o in g t o do

21
w it h t h i s R a n c he r w h o t a k e s a s im p l e s t a n d f o r h i s ir g h t s u n de r the a u t h o ri t y o f h is re li g i o u s

22
b e l i e f s a n d C o n s t it u t io n a l g u a r a n t e e s a n d p r o t e c t i o n s
23
. T o a ll t h e m a y b e s ; I sa y N O !
q

I b e li e v e t h a t t h is is s t il l A m e ri c a a n d n o t a m e ri k a a n d t h a t j u s t ic e ca n p re v a i l A nd
25
.
,

th a t th e re s t i ll is a t l e a s t a p a rt i a l i n g r e d i e n t o f t h e o ir g i n a l c o n c e p t t h a t w a s pu t in pla ce by
26

27 th e Fo u n d in g Fa the r s o v e r 20 0
ye a rs a go L ike I s t a t e d e a ri i e r o n in t h is d o c u me n t ,
if P l a i n t if f

28
P a ge
-
22
 1 d t h is Ho n o r a b le Co u rt j me d i c t io im p o s e
a n c a n c o n u re u p so j u ri s n that is f o r e ig n a n d it

2 a ga in s t m e a n d m y p r o p e tr y s t ri p p in g m e o f a ll C o n s t it u t io n a l g u a ra n te e s a n d p r o t e c t io n s ,

3 th e n it w o u ld n o t m a t e r ho w I a n sw e re d a n d/o r re s po n d e d t o P la i n t iff i n t h e t y p i c a l m a n n e r

4
u s e d b y la wye rs .

5
Th e l a w s a n d r e g u l a t i o n s P l a in t i f o pe r a te u n d e r a n d a re a t e m pt in g t o i m p o se a g a in s t

6
m e a re c o n s ti tu ti o n a l ,
w he n i m p le m e n te d w it h i n c e r ta i n g e o g r a p h ic a l a r e a s o th e r th a n

7
t h a t w h i c h I a m a C it iz e n a n d / o r r e s i d e n t t h e r e o f Co n v e rs e ly ,
P la in t iff a n d t h is H o n o ra b le
8
Co u rt c a n n o t im p o s e u p o n me a n d m y p r o p e rt y a j u ri s d ic t io n t h a t is fo re ig n a n d /o r o u ts ide
q

th e Co n s t i t u t io n fo r th e s e U n it e d S ta t e s st ri p p in g me a n d my p ro p e ri y o f Co n s t it u t io n a l
2Q

g u a ra n te e s a n d p r o t e c t io n s w it h i n t h e a d m it e d S ta t e o f Ne va da
11 .

12 I ha v e a n s we re d a n d re s po n d e d ti m e ly a n d lo d g e d my a rg u m e n ts a n d a u t h o ri t ie s w it h

13 t h is Ho n o r a b le Co u rt . I ha v e n o t w a iv e d o n a n y o f m y B e l ie f s , R ig h t s a n d/o r Co n s t it u t i o n a l

14 gu a ra n te e s a n d
p r o t e c t io n s s in c e th e b e
g in n in g o f t h is e n t ir e m a t e r a lm o s t 6 y e a r s a g o Fo r

13 a il t h e f o re g o in g re a s o n s a n d a rg u me n ts a n d a u t h o ri t ie s s t a te d a bo v e ,
t h is H o n o r a b le C o u rt

16
la c k s ju ri s d i c t io n t o pro c e e d a n d m u st d is m is s t h is c a s e .

17
I re s p e c ft u l ly re
qu e s t th a t th i s Ho n o ra b l e Co u rt e n te r a n Orde r gra n t in g m y M o t io n to

18
D is m i s s
19
D a t e d t h is J v da v o f A p ri l 1 9 9 8
.

20

21

R e s pe c t f u l ly s u b m jt t e
22

23

24
C L IV E N D
^z it ^i
B U ri d Y
^ B y S pe c ia l Ap pe a r a n c e

C^
.

^
,

P O B o x 7 17 5
25 . .

B u n ke r v il l e ,
Ne v a d a 8900 7
26 T e l: 7 02 34 6 5564 - -

27

28
Pa g e -
23
1 C E R T IF IC A T E O F M A IL IN G

2 I C U V E N BU N D Y
, ,
do he re by c e r tif y , u n d e r th e pe n a lt i e s o f pe j
r u ry ,
th a t o n t h e / £
3
da y o f A p ri l 19 9 8
, , I d i d m a il v i a t h e U S M a ll f i r s t c l a s s , ,
i n a s e a le d e n v e lo p , po sta g e p re pa id ,

4
B U N D Y s A NS W E R T O C O M P L A IN T
'
a c o py o f t h is d o c u m e n t t it l e d , .
R E S P O N S E T O F IR S T

5
R E Q U E S T F O R A D M IS S IO N S . R E S P O N S E T O F I R S T S E T O F IN T E R R O G A T O R I E S A N D
6
M O T IO N T O D IS M IS S to t h e P l a i n t iff a t th e a dd re s s l is t e d b e lo w :

KA T H RY N E L A N D R ET H
9
.

U n i te d S ta te s A tt o m e y
10 B L A IN E T . WE L SH
A s s is t a n t U n it e d S t a t e y s A tt o m e
11
70 1 E a s t B r id g e r A v e n u e S u it e 8 0 0 ,

La s V e ga s N e v a d a 8 9 10 1
12 ,

13

14
SIgn e
15 "

C L IV E Kr t i U ND Y ^
16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28 Pa g e -
24
 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Ba i

s e f fc 9 4T H S¥
-
0 0E31 r L R HFV 6 B . t .
D o c il m e in t <4 47 <
P »l ( f d 0 9 / 1 7 9 9 Pa ge l o ll 5 M D L D o c k e t
O tf Y r O R M o D a y J u d ge M e g A R 8 D o c k e t N u m i

0978 98 5 3 1 ! 1 0 3 2 7 98 8 9 0 7 80 8 I7 8 A D 98 53 1 I ^

' '^ ' i ^ w f ^ i

p an c y
^
CA U S E : 4 3 D SC 170 1 e t s e q . Ci v i l a c t i on t o e n j o i n De f e n da n t s u s e a n d o c c u o f p
l a n d s a n d t o c o l l e c t d am a g e s pu r s u a n t t o Fe d e r a l L an d Po l i c y a n d Ma n a g e me n t Ac t * a s ame n d e d .

P L A JN T I F F S D E FE ND A NT S

U N I TR D ST AT E S O F A ME R I C A B D N DY , CL I V E N v /

FOR PL A I N T I F F A TT OR N E Y S

CL I V E N D . B UN D Y ,

Ka t h r v n E . L a n dr e t h U . S . A t t o r n e y
,
P . O . Box 7 1 75
Bl a i n e T We l s h A U SA
Bun k r v NV 8 9 0 07
. , e i l l e ,

701 E Br i d g r A v e #8 0 0
( 70 2 ) 34 6 - 5 5 64
. .

L a s V e g a s , NV 8 9 10 1 .

( 70 2 ) 3 8 8 - 6 3 36

ST A T IS T I CA L R E PO R T

□ C H EC K F IL ING F E ES PA I D PR O C ES S E D
H ER E
IF C WA S D A T E R E C E IP T N U M B E R C O N U M BE R
A SE .

F il in g
FIL ED I N
T e r m in a t io n
FO R M A

P A U P ER IS
C ha n o e ^ _ _

U N I T E D ST A T ES D IS T R IC T C O U R T D O C K ET
DC I t I S (R e v
 Ca s e 2 :9 8 -
cv -
0 05 3 1 L R H V C F - -
D o c um ent 4 7 F il e d 0 9 / 1 7 /9 9 Page 2 of 5

D C l l l A

(Rav 1/ 7S )

P L A I N T IF F
C IV I L D OC K E T CO N
D E F E N D A N T
T I N U A T I ON S H E ET

CV - S - 9 B - 5 3 1 - L B G
s u ^
(RJ ,

D O C K E T N O Z- -

U N I T ED ST A T E S O F A M ER I C A CL I V E N B ON D T
P A G E .
2 o F _ .
P A G E

D AT E N R P R O C E E D I N G S

^I 1 H 9% CO M P L A I N T ,
e fm

S U MM O N S f m
i s s d t o P (1) (A T ) e

J S- 5 (A T ) e f m

3 / 30 / 9 8 EX PA R T E A PP L C I A I T O N / O RD E R (L D 6 ) ORD a c t n s e a l e d t i l p a p e r s h a ^v e b e e n s e r v ed .

Cp s d l s t (A T ) e f n

3 P ROCE S S FJ i C E I F T / RE T U R N o f U SM De f . s e r v e d s u m s & c mp l t o n 3/ 30/ 98 . e fm

4/ 1 7 / 98 4 ' Ams wER t o c mp l t & ;

I ON t o d l s m o b o D (m ) (A T ) bh •

#*
- / I
" " - ^
^ O
^ J
n )
- -
I SPO : r e s #5 . i i fl t A
, i* :
7 t
f l j D S E P E RA T Y L Y DUE TO S I ZE
p ,
^

5 / 5 /98 5 R E SP O N S E i n o p p o t o D / Bu n dy ; s mt n t o d i s m #4 o b o P .

(m ) (A T ) b h

- e n
s p p i, 6 ML N U T E OI OI E R (RDM ) OR D d t d 5/ 6/ 98 t h a t t h e a b o v e t i l d a c t n i s r e a s s i gn e d t o

Ho n J BR . Cn s l a r e a dv s d t h a t a l l f u r d o c s s h l b e a r t h e c o r r e c t c a s e #Cv - S - 9

5 3 l - J BR (RJ J ) . Th e Cl k / C t s h l c a h n g e t o dkt & f i l e , c p s d i s t (A T ) b h

5 / 1 8 / 9 8 REPL Y t o #5 i n r e mt n 4 o b o D

6 / 2 / 9 8 N OT I CE OF E RRA T A r e p r o p o s e d d i s c o v e r y p l a n & s c h e d u l i n g o r d r .

(A T ) k l y

^ i^ ^ h > fi - <f J Fi ' ^ Ot ^ i .

fi i ^ ^ SO ^
f .
/^ f ^ .
g^

6 / 5 / 9 8 SU P P L E M E N T A L P t s & A u t h o r i n s u p p o f D s mt n t o d i s m #4 . (m ) (A T ) k l

/
^
^c
t Jh - r ru J Z / J ^ (
^ £ ^ s 96 . ^ J 4V .
<

6 / S/ 9 «
6 / 8 / 9 8 10 D I SC OV E RY P L AN / S C HE D U L I N G ORD E R (RJ J ) OR D D I SC EX P 1 0 / 1 4 / 9 8 ;
MT NS D U E 1 1 / 13 / 9 8 ; J T P T O D U E 1 1 / 1 3 / 9 8 e t c . C p y s d i s t .
(A T ) k l y

1 1
^ ^^ M( D T
I O
I S PO :
I ON f o r

O r TP O * * -
S/ J o b o
"
D

(^ m e ^
. (m ) ( A
Ca ^
T ) k l y
<
FI L E D S E P A R A T EL Y

,
- ^ ^ ?* =
\ ^
3/ 1 1 / 9 8 12 S T I P UL A T I O N / OR D E R (J BR) ORD e x t o f t i me f o r D t o r s p n d t o US mt n
S / J (#1 1 ) t o 8 / 2 4 / 98 . Cp y s d i s t . (A T ) k l y

l t/ 1 4 / 9 8 1 3 I NT E R I M ST A T U S R EP ORT o b o P . (m ) k l y

? < > r
X
 C a s e 2 :9 8 -
c v
-
00 53 1 L R H V C F - -
D o c u me n t 4 7 F i le d 0 9 / 1 7 / 9 9 P a ge 3 o f 5

DC U l A

(R e v 1/ 75 1

C I V IL D OC K E T C O N T I N U A T I ON S H E E T

P L A IN T I F F D E F E N D A N T C V - S - 9 8 - 5 3 II - J B R (R J J )
D O C K E T N O _

P A G E OF P A G E S
CL I V E N D - B UN D Y U SA -

D A T E N R P R O C E E D I N G S

8 / 2 4 / 9 8 14 mt n f o S/ J (# 1 1 ) o b o D
pP P OS I T I ON t o U S r .

**
I ON t o s t r i k e U S mt n f o r S / J (#1 1 ) o b o D (m ) (A T ) k l y >A ^ ^ a * f
.
1
.
> i i
^
-

V( D I ;S P 0 : O p p c) T> J ~ ^
fi t
/ Q gc -

j s j Z - ^ »f .
=
17 S k > -
f p M
H ^- «* :
< 4* x * > x j i J- S
^ ^
9 / 8 / 98 1 5 R EPL Y t o o p p o (#1 4 ) i n s u p p o f i t s mt n f o r S / J (#1 1 ) Ob o P . (m ) (A T ) k ]
^

JJ X
^ ^ ^
/y / y ^ ^ 7 / 5
t p i u t & ^ t> .

t o t r i k e U S mt n f o r S / J ( #1 4 ) o b o P ( m ) (A T ) k l y
O P PO S I T I ON t o s .
mt n
9 / 1 0 / 9 8 1 6

9/ 2 3 / 9 8 1 7 RE P L Y t o o p p o (# 1 6 ) t o m t n t o s t r i k e U S mt n f o r S / J (# 1 4 ) o b o D? .

(m ) (A T ) k l y

^ n (
9 ^ 3 9y H ^
'

J . c t n u j ± ^J h
^ J^ ^ ^ / ^ ^ .

t o
1 1 / 2 / 9 8 1 8 S UP P L E M E N T A I .
p t B & a u t h o r t i e s i n s u pp r t o f Ds r e
p l y (#1 7 ) U S

o p po (#1 6 ) t o D s m t n t o s t r i k e US m t n f o r S / J (# 1 4 ) o b o D . (m ) (A T ) k l y

i FU R OR D P s mt n f o r
1 1 / 3 / 9 8 1 9 O RD E R (J B R ) O RD D s m t n t o d i s m (# 4 ) s D EN I ED .

e n t i n j un c t n F U R O RD D e f i s
( # 11 ) i s G RA N T E D a s t o t h e p e r m a n
.

S / J
f r m g r a z i n g h i s l i v e s t o c k w / i n B u n k e r v i l l e
p e r ma n e n t l y e n l i n e d

OR D U S s h a l l b e e n t i t l e d t o t r e s p a s s d a m a g e s
A l l o t me n t e t c P U R .

F U R OR D D s m t n t o s t r i k e
i n a mn t o f $2 00 0 0 p e r d a y p e r h e a d e t c .
.

J / J N I E D ( E O D l l / 4 / 9 8 ) C s d i s t (A T ) k l y
mt n f o r #14 i s DE p y .

P s d a i n s t D (E OD 1 1 / 4 / 9 1! )
( l / k l y ) J u d g me n t i s f o r a n a g .

J U D GM E N T s v7 O R D
1 1 / 4 / 9 8 2 0
C p y s d i s t . k l y

1 1 / 4 / 9 8 J S - 6 (A T ) k l y

1 1 / 1 8 / 9 8 2 1 / f M O T I ON f o r de c i s i o n o n d am a ge s o b o P .
(in ) (A T ) k l y

(DI S P O :

1 1/ 30 / 9 8 2 2 ^E M E B G E N CT M O T I ON f o r s t a y p e n d i n g a p p e a l o b o D .

(m ) (A T ) k I y

r \( m s m '
7l 5 t w
2p
c j ^
]F a
-
:
i» £ Lh
aX
'

Q p p ^ r* S i - -
« L tt .

1 1 /30/ 98 23 N OT I C E OF A P P FJ U .
o b o D .
(m ) ( A T ) k l y (Fi l i n g f e e s p d # 28 4 55 )
(DI SPO : T i CL H i u ^ '
. CL L O
^
. . J ^ C/ A # <
q S
> -
-
11 2 . 13 ,

^ H o !
1 1 / 3 0 / 9 8 2 4 T R A N SMI T T A L L E rTER (c p y ) t o C/ A f r m D/ C r e n t c / a e a l I K KT RE T FE E P A Y M E NT
p p .

N O T I F I C A T I ON F OR M (c ) t o C/ A ; C/ A & D/ C f (A T ) k
py e e s p d . Cp y s d i s t . l y

1 1/ 3 0 / 98 25 C E RT I F I C A T E OF RE C O RD (c py ) Re c o r d c o mp l e t e f o r a e a l Gr i g t o C / A Cpy s d i s t .
pp . .

k l y

1 1 / 30 / 98 2 6 T R A N SMI T T A L L E r T ER (c py ) t o e l k f r m c l k / D / C r e c e r t / r e c & r e c r e t e n . Gr i g t o C/ A .

Cp y s d l s t . (A T ) k l y

^K
1 1 / 30 / 9 8 DO C K ET SH E E T (cc ) Cl k s r e c p n e t a i n e d b y D / C . k l y

4 J - r yu J X f J t i yz ^ ^ y j fX ^

u 4 .
 Ca s e 2 :9 8 c -
v -
00 53 1 L R H V C F - - D o c u me n t 4 7 F i le d 0 9 / 1 7 / 9 9 P a ge 4 o f 5

DC U lA

(Rev 1 / 7 S)

C IV I L D OC K E T CO NT I N U A T I O N S H E E T

P L A I N T I F F D E F E N D A N T
C V - S- 9 8 - 5 3 1 - J B R ( RJ J)
l O C K E T N O

P A G E 4 _ O F PA G
CL I V E N D B UN D Y U SA

D A TE N R P R O C EE D IN GS

1 2 / 2 / 98 2 7 L E TT E R t o C / A w / c p y o f n o t e o f a p p e a l , k l y

Ju Jn o u ^ i J -
t f^
^ ^ i p ?A<
^
12 / 15 / 98 2 8 OR D E R ( J BR ) ORD P mt n f d e c i i o n da m (#21) i D E N I ED / r e
s o r s o n a g e s s w o u t p j .

( EO D 1 2 / 15 / 98) Cpy s d i s t .
(A T ) k l y

1 2 / 15 / 9 8 2 9 J UD G M E N T (I sw/kl y ) O RD P s m t n f o r d e c i s i on o n d ama g e s i s DENI ED w / o u t p r e j .

( E OD 1 2 / 15 / 98 ) C p y s d i s t . k l y

1 2 / 16 / 9 8 3 0 O P P O S I T I CN t o P s e m e r g m t n f o r s t a y p e n dn g a p p e a l (#22) o b o P .
(m ) (A T ) k l y

1 2 / 16 / 98 3 1 NOTI C E o f e r r a t a r e o p p o (#30) o b o P .
(m ) ( A T ) k l y

12 / 17 / 98 3 2 C OP Y f r m C/ A o f #2 4 , 24 & 26 . Ap p e a l a s s i g n e d # 9 8- 1 7293 . (A T )k l y

1 2 / 17 / 98 3 3 BRI E F I NG S CHF l n T L A E f r m C/ A .

12 / 29 / 98 34 R E PL Y t o US o p p o (# 3 0 ) t o Ds e m e r g mt n f o r s t a y (#2 2 ) o b o D .

(m ) (A T ) k l y

1/ 6 / 99 35 ORD E R ( J B R) ORD Ds e m e r ge n c y mt n f o r s t a y p e n d i n g a p p e a l ( #2 2 ) i s D E N I ED .

( E O D 1 / 7 / 9 9 ) Cp y s dl s t . (A T ) k l y

1/ 27 / 9 9 36 y MO T I O N t o e n f o r c e p e r man e n t I n j u n c t i o n o b o P . (m ) (A T ) k l y

/ U D I S PO : ^ >o
C )O p c > i i a -Y* ^ ** =
c V7 - ^ / e£ ^
/2 9 ^
p ^ ^ V^
^^ -
' ^»
"

> 4 % !3
^ (^ /^ j ^ S^
^ ^ ^
^ ^ V ^
"

- - ^ "

^
'

> c / 77l cV ,c ;F
^
^ 6 <
2 / 2 4 / 99 3 7 RE P L Y i n s u p p r t o f t h e U S mt n t o i n f o r c e i n j u n c t i on o b o P . (m ) ( A T )k l y

i ^ ^ ay Cp^ / C
Jh n (
^
-

x J ^ 3 2

'
2 / 2 5 / 9 9 3 8 O RD E R (c py ) f r m C /A a
p p e l l a n t s e m e r g e n c y mt n f o r s t a y p e n d i n g a p p e a l i s d e n i e

B r i e f i n g s c h e d e s t pr e v i o u s l y s h a l l r e m a i n i n e f f e c t , k l y

2/ 26 / 99 39 E R R A TU M t o Ps Re p l y #3 7 (i n r e Mt n # 36 ) (m ) s ml

40 T R A N S M I T T i LL LE TT E R (c ) t o C/ A f r m D/ C r e r e c r d o n a p p e a l Cpy s d i s t Gr i g t o
p y .
.

C/ A . (A T ) fc l y

-
p '
ii
l 2 1 9 R E CO R D ON AP P E AL s h i p p e d t o C/ A t h i s da t e v i a UPS 2 v o l e l k s r e c r d & 2 f l dr

w / o v e r s i z e d do c u m n t s # # 4& 1 1 . k l y

D O CK E T S H I ^E T (c c ) k l y

X X
 2:98 0 05 3 1 LR H V C F Do c u m e n t 47 F i le d 0 9 / 1 7 /9 9 P a g e 5 of 5
Ca - - -
se -
cv

DC I I I A

(R e v 1 / 7 5)

C IV IL D O C K ET C O N TI N U A T IO N S H E E T

P L A I N T I F F D E F E N D A N T
CV - S - 9 8 - 5 3 14 J B R ( RJ J )
D O ( t K E T TM O

P A GE _ 5 _ O F . .
P A G E S
U SA CL I V E N D B UN D Y

D A T E N R , P R O C E ED I N G S

'

4/ 2 9/ 9 9 4 1 CO P T f r m C /A o f #4 0 . k l y

'
7 / 22 / 9 9 4 2 ORDE R ( R E XN BA R DT T R OT T & H C K E OW N ) (c 7 / 7 / 9 9 ) O RD C/ A Bu nd y i
, c r e j e c t s s c o n t e n t o n

Th e j u d g mn t o f t h e DC i s A F F I RM E D Cp y s d i s t ( AT )k l y
.
.

'

7/ 22/ 99 4 3 J U DGM E N T (c c 7 / 7 / 99) ORD t h a t t h e j u d gm e n t o f th e s a i d Dl s t C t i n t hi s c a u s e b e ,

a n d h e r e b y i s A F F I RM E D . Cpy s d i s t . k l y

W
'

J h
'

7/ X 3 / 9 9
'

T 9 t ^ 9 P
- ^
t L >u i , z
^ A -

^ ^ ^
r ? C -

^ ( 2 P 9 44 ORDE R ON M A N Di LT E (J BR) O RD ma n d a t e b e s
p r e a d u po n th e r e c o r d s o f t h i s c o u r t .

(E OD 8 / 2 / 99) Cp y s d i s t . (A T ) k l y

9/ 17/ 99 4 5 ORDE R (J BR ) OI UJ WS m t n t o e n f o r c e i n j u n c t n ( #3 6 ) i s G R A NT E D w i t h m o d i f i c a t i o n s .

FU R ORD D s h a l l r e mov e l i v e s t o c k f r m a l l o t m n t a s p r ev i o u s l y o r d e r e d by t h e c t

i n t h e o r d r (# 19 ) e n t e r e d o n 11 / 4/ 98 . FUR O RD D s h a l l p a y t o t he US #1 , 37 7 . 0 0
a s w i l l fu l d d ama g 5 1 t t l f m 12 / 1/ 98- 12 / / 9 8 FUR OR D
p e a t
r e e t e s p a s s e s f o r c a e r 3 1 .

D s h a l l p a y t o U S $4 5 .
90 p e r d a y f o r e a da y D s l i v e s t o c k r e ma i n s o n t h e a l l o t mn t
c o mm e n c i n g 1/ 1/ 99 F UR O RD D s h a l l p a t o U S $4 123 0 6 f o r t h e e x e n s e i n c u r r e d
.
y , .
p
b y t h e BLM f o r 12 / 15 / 9 8 t r e s p a s s d e t e c t n f l i gh t .
( E OD 9 / 17 / 99 ) Cp y s d i s t . k l y

9 m p 9 46 J U D GM E N T (I s w / k l y ) O RD US mt n t o e n f o r c e I n j u n c t n i s G R AN T ED w / mo d i f i c a t n s . D

s h a l l r e mov e l i v e s t o c k f r m a l l o t mn t a s r e v i o u s l y o r d e r e d b y c t D s h a l l a t o
p .
p y
P $1 , 3 7 7 . 00 a s w i l l f u l r e p e a t e d t r e s p a s s d a ma g e s f o r 5 1 c a t t l e . D s h a l l p a y t o P

$4 5 . 9 0 p e r d ay f o r e a d a y D s l i v e s t o c k r e ma i n s o n t h e a l l o t mn t , c o mm e n c i n g 1 / 1/ 99

D s h a l l p a y t o P $4 , 12 3 . 06 f p r e x j e m s e o m c i r r e d b u t j e BLM f p r t j e 12 / 15 / 98 t r e s p 4
s

d e t e c t n f l i gh t .
(E OD 9 / 17 / 99 ) Cp y s d l s t .

(A T )k l y
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50 Filed 04/11/13 Page 1 of 16

1 IGNACIA S. MORENO
Assistant Attorney General
2 TERRY M. PETRIE, Attorney
STEPHEN R. TERRELL, Attorney
3
United States Department of Justice
4 Environment and Natural Resources Division
Natural Resources Section
5 999 18th Street, South Terrace, Suite 370
6 Denver, CO 80202
Telephone: (303) 844-1369
7 Facsimile: (303) 844-1350
TeiTy.Petrie@usdoj.gov
8
Stephen.T errell@usdoj .gov
9
DANIEL G. BOGDEN
10 United States Attorney
NADIA AHMED
11
Special Assistant United States Attorney
12 333 Las Vegas Blvd. South, Suite 5000
-Las Vegas, NV 89101
l i fi:tepho^^:-C(702) 388-6336
iFaCsimilciv. (702)388-6698

: 15 ^'TIOJIHEYS-FOR THE UNITED STATES

——————— ——

^15 V , > . -. IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

17 ^ , S ; > D I S T R I C T O F N E VA D A
18
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
19

Plaintiff,
20
No. 2:98-cv-531-LRH
21 V.

22 CLIVEN B U N D Y, UNITED S TAT E S ' MOTION

TO ENFORCE INJUNCTION
23
Defendant.
24

25
The United States respectfully requests that this Court enforce the permanent injunction
26
set forth in this Court's orders dated November 3, 1998, and September 17, 1999. Docket Nos.
27
19 and 46. In the first order, this Court permanently enjoined Defendant Bundy tfom grazing
2 8

1
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50 Filed 04/11/13 Page 2 of 16

1 livestock on the former Bunkei-ville Allotment ("Allotment"), ordered him to remove his

2 livestock from that former Allotment by no later than November 30, 1998, and ordered him to

3 pay damages to the United States in the amount of $200.00 per day per head for any livestock
4 belonging to Defendant Bundy remaining on the former Allotment after November 30, 1998.

5 When Defendant Bundy failed to comply, this Court issued a second order directing him to

6 comply with the November 30,1998, injunction, in addition to modifying the trespass damages
7 owed to the United States. Defendant Bundy has not complied with the orders. To this day, he

8 characterizes the former Allotment as the "Bundy ranch," acknowledges he has never complied

9 with the Court's orders, and evinces no willingness or intention to comply. The United States

10 therefore respectfully requests that a declaration be issued that Defendant Bundy has placed or

11 allowed his livestock to graze on these lands in violation of this Court's orders; that Defendant

12 Bundy again be ordered to remove his livestock from the fonner Allotment within 45 days of this
13 Court's order; that the United States be authorized to seize and impound Defendant Bundy's

14 livestock if tlicy have not been removed within 45 days of this Court's order; that Defendant

15 Bundy be instructed that he may not physically interfere with an impoundment operation
16 authorized under this Court's order; and that the United States be authorized to seize and

17 impound Defendant Bundy's livestock should he continue to violate the permanent injunction in
18 the future. This motion is supported by the accompanying memorandum of points and

19 authorities and the exhibits attached to it.

20 Respectfully submitted April 11, 2013,

21 IGNACIA S. MORENO
Assistant Attorney General
22

23
/s/ Terrv M. Pctrie
-; V- TERRY M. PETRIE, Attorney
d STEPHEN R. TERRELL, Attorney
United Stales Department of Justice
,'25: Environment and Natural Resources Division
Natui'al Resources Section
2 6
.
2 f
" - Yv T' * ' 999
D e n1 v8 teh r ,S t r e eCt , O S o u t 8h 0T2e 0
rrace,
2 Suite 370

" S
Telephone: (303)844-1369
28
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50 Filed 04/11/13 Page 3 of 16

Facsimile: (303)844-1350
1
T erry. P etri e@usdoj. gov
2 Stephen.T en"ell@,usdoj .gov

3 Attorneys for the United States

4 DANIEL G. BOGDEN
United States Attorney
5
NADIA AHMED
6 Special Assistant United States Attorney
333 Las Vegas Blvd. South, Suite 5000
7 Las Vegas, NV 89101
8 Te l e p h o n e : ( 7 0 2 ) 3 8 8 - 6 3 3 6
Facsimile: (702)388-6698
9

10

11 OF COUNSEL:

12 NANCY ZAHEDI
GREGORY LIND
13 Department of the Interior
O f fi c e o f t h e S o l i c i t o r
14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24.

26

27"

28
 Case 2;98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50 Filed 04/11/13 Page 4 of 16

1 MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES

2 1. INTRODUCTION

3 Over the last decade and a half, Cliven Bundy has continued to trespass on the federal

4 lands in flagrant violation of two orders issued by this Court. In 1998, this Court entered a
5 permanent injunction against Defendant Bundy for unauthorized and unlawful grazing of his
6 livestock on lands owned by the United States foimerly known as the Bunkei-ville Allotment.'
7 Order dated November 3, 1998 ("1998 Order") (Docket No. 19). Defendant Bundy failed to

8 comply with the 1998 Order, necessitating a request by the United States for an order enforcing
9 the injunction, which the Court issued on September 17, 1999. Docket Nos. 45 and 46 ("1999
10 Order"). Bundy appealed the orders, but the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals denied his appeal on
11 May 14, 1999. United States v. Bundv. 178 F.3d 1301 (9th Cir. 1999).
12 Notwithstanding the 1998 and 1999 Orders, Bundy continues to defy the Court's
13 permanent injunction by grazing his cattle on the former Bunkerville Allotment ("Allotment").
14 In addition, lie has expanded the size of his herd grazing in trespass on the Allotment, and in

15 recent years allowed his herd to also graze other federal lands in the Gold Butte Area adjacent to
16 the former Allotment without authorization. Those adjacent lands are depicted on Exhibit I,
17 which are refen-ed to herein as the "New Trespass Lands," are the subject of a second federal
18 lawsuit, United States v. Bundv, No. 2;I2-cv-804-LDG-GWF (D. Nev. Filed May 14, 2012)
19 C-Bundv 11"). seeking declaratory and injunctive relief.

¥• , Bundy-fi-eely admits his livestock have continuously occupied both the former Allotment

(Tn direct vioiatidhpf the pennanent injunction in this case), as well as the New Trespass Lands
22 since*^0(r Bundy has resisted or ignored the United States' efforts to elicit a voluntary removal
23-, of^isjcatcle fi'QiTt the federal lands. Thus, the United States has been compelled to bring this
24

25 ' Almost all of the federal lands within southeastern Nevada (referred to as the Gold Butte Area

26
on the map, ^ Exhibit 1), including the Bunkerville Allotment, were closed to livestock grazing
in 1998. Exhibit ("Ex.") 2, Declai'ation of Maiy Jo Rugwell 3A(3), 10. 11; Ex. 3, Declai'ation
27 of Gary Warshefski ^ 5. As the Bunkerville Allotment is no longer open for grazing it is referred
to as the "former" Allotment.
28

4
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50 Filed 04/11/13 Page 5 of 16

1 motion to seek enforcement of the injunction and to obtain the relief requested herein." The

2 United States is entitled to an order that enforces the injunction and confirms the United States'
3 authority to seize and impound any cattle in trespass that Bundy fails to remove or allows to
4 move back onto the Allotment. The United States therefore respectfully requests that the Court

5 grant its motion.

6 II. FACTUAL BACKGROUND

7 Bundy owns a ranch on private lands near Bunkeiville, Nevada. The former Allotment
8 contains approximately 154,000 acres of federal lands administered by BLM ("BLM Lands")

9 and the National Park Service ("NPS Lands'').^ Exhibit 1, Map; Ex. 2, Rugwell Declaration ^
10 10. Prior to 1993, Bundy was authorized to graze livestock on the former Allotment under an

11 ephemeral grazing permit."* 1998 Order at 1-2. Beginning in March 1993, however, Bundy
12 refused to accept the temis of renewal for the grazing pennit offered by BLM and ceased paying
13 any gi'azing fees, but continued to graze his cattle on the fonner Allotment. Id. at 2. Tn February
14 1994, BLM issued a final decision canceling Bundy's ephemeral range grazing permit. Id at 3.
15 In 1998, after repeated efforts to resolve the trespass had failed, the United States sought
16 injunctive relief to prevent Bundy's continued unauthorized and unlawful livestock grazing on
17 the former Allotment. See Id. at 3.

18 On November 3, 1998, the Court gi*anted the United States' motion for summary
19 judgment, declared the former Allotment lands to be the property of the United States,
20 permanently enjoined Bundy from grazing his livestock within the former Allotment, ordered
21

22 - The current motion relates only to Defendant Bundy's continuing trespass on the former
Bunkerviile Allotment. The United States does not seek relief in this case with respect to
23
Defendant Bundy's ti-espass on the New Trespass Lands. The United States filed a complaint in
24 a new civil action to address the New Trespass Lands on May 14, 2012, and a motion for
summa^ judgment in that case is currently pending. See Bundv II. Docket Nos. I and 18.
25 ^. ^l-rof^ences in this brief to the "Bunkerviile Allotment" or "Allotment" are limited to the
j^JderaMands Only.
#
^Arrepheirieral grazing permit is for range that does not consistently provide enough forage to
sustain livcstqfjc. 'See 43 C.F.R. § 4100.0-5 (2005) (defining ephemeral rangelands). BLM
issuecfthrgrazing permit for both BLM Lands and NPS Lands. Ex. 3, Warshefski Declaration ^
,28j V
• —-> 5
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50 Filed 04/11/13 Page 6 of 16

I him to remove his livestock from the former Allotment no later than November 30, 1998, and

2 ordered the payment of damages for any cattle remaining in trespass after November 30, 1998.

3 Id at 11.

4 Bundy appealed the Court's injunction, but on May 14, 1999, the United States Court of
5 Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied Bundy's appeal. See United States v. Bundv. 178 F.3d
6 1301 (9th Cir. 1999).

7 Bundy did not comply with the 1998 Order to remove his livestock from the former
8 Allotment by November 30, 1998. As a result, in 1999, the United States brought a motion to
9 enforce the injunction based on evidence of continuing trespass in the Allotment. This Court

10 granted the United States' motion, ordered Bundy to remove his livestock as previously directed,
n and ordered him to pay a modified level of damages to the United States. Order dated Septembei
12 17, 1999 (Docket No. 45). Despite the Court's orders, Bundy continues to graze his cattle on the
13 former Allotment.

14 III. ARGUMENT

15 A. Law

16 Given the continuing flagrant disregard of this Court's prior orders by Bundy,
17 enforcement of an injunction is well within the Court's continuing jurisdiction. Crawford v.
18 Honig. 37 F.3d 485, 488 (9th Cir.1994). "[A]n injunction often requires continuing supeiwision
19 by the issuing court and always a continuing willingness to apply its powers and processes on
20 behalf of the party who obtained that equitable relief." Svs. Fed'n No. 91 Rv. Emps' Dep't v.
21 Wright. 364 U.S. 642, 647 (1961). A paity seeking enforcement must simply demonstrate that
22 the enjoined paity continues to engage in conduct that violates the injunction. See Clai'k v.
23 Cove. 60 F.3d 600, 604 (9th Cir. 1995).

24 In granting a prior motion by the United States to enforce tlie 1998 injunction, the Court
> * •

25__- reliqd-on-C-vrdcnce from the Lead Rangeland Management Specialist from the Bureau of Land
V V . .

Managemeijt ("^M") showing that he had obsei-ved Bundy's livestock on the fonner
27' o
li^tint. 19S96rderat2.Thesamereman
i struetoday.Theevd
i encedsicussedbeo
lw
28:-^ shows clearly.iha^Defendant Bundy has continued to violate the injunction flagrantly and
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50 Filed 04/11/13 Page 7 of 16

1 continuously.
2
B. The United States is Entitled to an Order Enforcing This Court's Injunction
3
Because Bundy Continues to Trespass on the Former Allotment
4
The uncontested evidence demonstrates that Bundy has continued to violate this Court's
5
orders. This evidence comes both from Bundy himself as well as government documented
6
sightings of his cattle on the former Allotment.
7
In conjunction with the Bundy II proceedings, Bundy was deposed and readily
8
acknowledged that he has never complied with the Court's orders to remove his cattle from the
9
former Allotment:

10
Q. Sir, as you know, there was an earlier proceeding, an earlier case,
11 that the United States brought against you back in the late '90s, 1998, 1999.
Do you recall that the Court issued an order for you to remove
12 your cattle that the Court determined were trespassing on the lands that we call
the former Bunkerville Allotment and which you now call the Bundy ranch? Do
13 you recall that?
A. Ye s .
14 Q. You never removed your cattle, did you?
A. Right.
15
Ex. 4, Excerpts of Oct. 23, 2011 Bundy Deposition ("Depo."), 99:21-100:6.
16
Indeed, Bundy freely admits that he has routinely grazed his cattle within the fonner
17
MIotment for the last 12 years:
18
Q. Since the year 2000 ~ my question is going to focus from the yeai*
19 2000 through today ~ have you grazed your cattle on lands both inside the fonner
Bunkerville Allotment, which you now have characterized here today as your
20 ranch, as well as lands outside of the Bunkerville Allotment outside your ranch?
A. Ye s .
21 Q. Has that been done routinely over the course of those now 12
years?
22 A. Ye s .

2 3 d^ at 35:2-11.

24 Indeed, Bundy has publicly stated that he "fired the BLM" and that his cattle graze in the
Told Bjifte ai-ea without a pemiit. Ex. 2, Rugwell Declaration T| 14. Apait from his own
25__

ri'
di^rmer
m^j^SAllqtmenfdh
,htenite
'idSa
te
tnumerous
shasdococcasions.
umenetdEx.
evdie2,ncRugwell
eofBuDeclaration
ndygraznig19,hsi 22,
caelt26;onEx.h
te5,
2» declaration of Deborah Sullivan 4-12 and Attachments B-D; Ex. 6, Declaration of Victoria

7
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50 Filed 04/11/13 Page 8 of 16

1 Worfolk 6-19 and Attachments B, C, D, F and K; Ex. 7, Declaration of Lauren Brown

2 Declai ation 4-16, 24; Ex. 8, Declaration of Jesus Navairo 5-11 and Attachments A and B;^
3 Ex. 13, Declaration of Alice Newton ^ 5-6; Ex. 9, Chart Documenting Sightings of Defendant

4 Bundy's cattle. In sum, ample undisputed evidence shows that Bundy continues to graze his
5 cattle on the former Allotment in violation of this Court's injunction.

C. The United States Has Exhausted Non-Judicial Efforts to Elicit Compliance

7
with the Court's Permanent Injunction.
8
The United States has reached out to Bundy on many occasions over the past few years to
9
attempt to bring his trespass to a close without the need for further intervention by this Court, but
10
to no avail. For example, in the last two years alone, ELM has attempted unsuccessfully to
11
speak with Bundy to ti7 to resolve the trespass and has sent him various notices about his
12
trespass. None have succeeded. Ex. 2, Rugwell Declaration 14, 17, 20-22, 24, 27.
13
Finally, in April 2012, the Department of the Interior tried to obtain Bundy's cooperation
14
by offering, through the Clark County Sheiiff, to gather and ship the cattle to a facility of his
15
choice for sale, and to provide him all proceeds from the sale. Id at 28. Bundy rejected the
16
offer and threatened legal action against the party contracted to perform the gather, stating "that
17
there is a volatile situation ciurently taking place." Id at 28, 29, 31. In responding to this
18
offer, Bundy also made reference to a "range war." Id at fl 31. Bundy has consistently and
19
repeatedly demonstrated a lack of willingness to remove his cattle from the former Allotment.
20
He has rejected the United States' attempts to elicit his compliance through informal or
21
administrative avenues, and he has flouted this Court's order to remove his cattle. The United
22

23

24
^..The Declarations of Victoria Worfolk and Jesus Navarro, as well as those of Jimmy Linares
(see.SecttCHi.IU.D. below) and Amy Lueders (see Section IlI.D.l below) were submitted in
25--
.suppoiLDf the United States' Motion for Summary Judgment in Bundy II, Docket Nos. 18, 25
(Worfolk), 26-2 (Navarro and Linares), 26 (Lueders), but are also included for purposes of this
motion to enfojtce Eecause tliey include evidence of trespass grazing by Bundy cattle within the
27 formePATTohnent and address other issues directly pertinent to this litigation as well.
2^
. ^ cS '
'-o S. 8
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50 Filed 04/11/13 Page 9 of 16

1 Stales is therefore entitled to an order enforcing the 1998 Injunction.^ Clark v. Cove. 60
2 F.3d at 604 (holding that a party seeking enforcement must simply show that the prohibited

3 conduct continues to occur).

D. The United States Requests a Remedy That Would Explicitly Authorize it to

5
Remove Cattle From the Former Allotment if Bundy Once Again Flouts This
6 Court's Injunction

7
Bundy has consistently demonstrated blatant disregard of this Couit's orders. Indeed,
8
within a month of this Couit's November 3, 1998, order and three days before his ti'espassing
9
cattle were to be removed from the former Allotment, Bundy issued a "Press Release" and
10
"Constructive Notice and Demand for Protection" on November 27, 1998. Ex. 10. Besides
11
proclaiming that this Court was exercising "unconstitutional jurisdiction," that the Couit had
12
"created for itself a hypothetical jurisdiction," and that the Court's ruling "can only be enforced
13
through illegal actions of government agents," Bundy declared "[tjherefore I have no intention of
14
removing my livestock from the range by November 30^''." at 2 (H 9).
15
Consistent with his proclamation, Bundy has failed to remove his cattle from the former
16
Allotment, where they remain to this day. Ex. 4, Bundy Depo., 35:2-11. Indeed, he contends
17
that the former Allotment is now his property though he acknowledges he has no title. Id at
18
20:1-21:13,34:11-35:1.
19
Unfortunately, Bundy's sporadic contact witli Department of the Interior personnel or its
20
contractors over the years has been characterized by his often confrontational behavior. For
21
example, in Febmary 2009, Bundy confronted two BLM contractors working on public lands in
22
the Gold Butte Area on fencing that BLM had constructed to protect a cultural resource site and
23

24 .-^- Besides flouting the Court's orders not to graze his cattle on the former Allotment and to
reiniJve fits cattle, Bundy also never complied with the Court's orders to pay trespass damages.
Ip •Ex.-^-ftugwellDeclaration ^ 25. In an effort to resolve Defendant Bundy's continuing ti-espass
^ promptly and cle,anly as possible, however, the United States is not pursuing any monetary
damages in-th» proceeding. The United States reseives the right to later enforce that portion of
27_ the Co^^s injunction.
28" > •' * . •

* V

^ ' 9
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50 Filed 04/11/13 Page 10 of 16

1 a sensitive threatened plant habitat. Ex. 11, Declaration of Jimmy Linares Hlj 3 -5, 10-13.

2 Complaining that the fence would interfere with feeding his cows. Defendant Bundy challenged
3 their presence, referring to the Gold Butte Area as "his propeity." Id H 5-6. He demanded their

4 Eiames, instructed them to contact the sheriff before coming to his "property" in the future, and
5 threatened to file a lawsuit against them. Id Similarly in April 2012, when BLM attempted to
6 solicit his cooperation for an impoundment of his trespassing cattle. Defendant Bundy rejected
7 in offer to ship his cattle to a facility of his choice and to provide him the proceeds from the sale,
8 :hreatened legal action against the party contracted to peiform the gather, and hinted at other

9 possible action on his part by stating that there was a "range war" and "a volatile situation
10 :urrently taking place." Ex. 2, Rugwell Declaration 28-31.
11 Bundy's pattern of malfeasance and blatant disregard of this Court's prior orders justifies
12 1 renewed order to enforce the Court's injunction, which now must provide to the United States
13 he ability to effectuate the removal of Bundy's cattle if he continues to flaunt this Court's

14 irders. The United States therefore requests that any order issued in response to this motion also
15 ieclare that the United States may seize and impound Bundy's livestock if he fails to remove
16 hem from the former Allotment.

17 BLM and NFS have authority under federal law to impound trespass livestock, provided
18 he appropriate notice and opportunity to cure have been provided, and the requirements set forth
19 n the corresponding regulations have been followed. See 43 C.F.R. §§ 4150.4-1 to 4150.4-5

20 2005); 36 C.F.R. § 2.60(c). In addition, this Coiut has authority, under Rule 70(a), to direct
21 3LM and the NFS to remove the trespassing cattle at Bundy's expense should Bundy once again
2 2 lisobey the injunction. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 70(a). However, there are two practical impediments
23 0 the United States' use of its impoundment authonty which should be addressed by this Coutt's
24 )rder. The first is the fact that State officials will not issue the brand inspection clearance
25_ iertifiQjj^s necessary to sell or transport cattle unless the BLM and NFS present a court order
/ - ' " v.
-i-
^ " v.
lemoBetwaling Ch^t they "obtain[ ] approval" for their impoundment by "a court of competent
%

'n"' hrisdiction.""T^he'?econd is the possibility that Bundy will attempt to physically resist any
28%
edera^^oundnjent action. The United States therefore seeks additional relief to prevent any
A
, 10
V w
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50 Filed 04/11/13 Page 11 of 16

1 impediment to the lawful use of its impoundment authority, should the exercise of that authority
2 become necessaiy.

3
I. State officials will deny brand inspection clearance certificates absent an
4
order demonstrating that the federal impoundment was approved by "a
court of competent jurisdiction."
5
Although BLM and NPS have the legal authority to impound trespass livestock under
6
federal law (following notice and other regulatory requirements), and to transport or sell such
7
livestock to private parties if the impoimded livestock are not redeemed by the owner, the State
8
of Nevada requires a brand inspection ceitificate to either transpoit or transfer legal ownership of
9
the cattle. Nev. Rev. Stat. §§ 565.090; 565.100; 565.120. Tliese certificates are issued by the
10
State Brand Inspector, and no rancher will agree to purchase impounded livestock from the
11
United States absent such a brand inspection certificate. Ex. 12, Declaration of Amy Lueders ^
12
7.
13
In 2005, the State of Nevada enacted a new statute that prohibits the State Brand
14
Inspector from issuing a brand inspection certificate to a federal agency unless the agency first
15
obtains a court order approving its seizui'e of cattle. This statute states:
16
1. Notwithstanding any provision of this chapter to the contrary, if a governmental entity
17
seizes any privately owned animals subject to brand inspection pui'suant to this chapter,
18 the Department or its authorized inspector shall not issue brand inspection clearance
certificates or permits to remove the animals from a brand inspection district or for the
19 transfer of ownership of the animals by sale or otherwise unless:

20
(a) Before the seizure, the governmental entity obtains approval for the seizure from a
court of competent jurisdiction; and
21 (b) Tlie governmental entity submits a copy of the order approving the seizure to the
Department or its autliorized inspector.
22

Nev. Rev. Stat. § 565.125.^

23
The State's cooperation is necessary as a practical matter for a successful impoundment
24

25
•' .Prior £o i0O5,_the BLM had a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Nevada
id. T^pdTtfne!H'.of Agriculture that stated that the State Brand Inspectors would issue a brand
I f inspection cerSficates to the BLM for any cattle impounded on the federal lands if BLM
dfemCuistrated that it had complied with all the notice and other federal regulatory provisions for
28^- q
ip
i o^ime^i Se? Ex. 12, Lueders Deca
l rato
i n ^ 4.
11
■ --..S '
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50 Filed 04/11/13 Page 12 of 16

1 operation on the public lands. Ex. 12, Lueders Declaration ^ 12. In communications with BLM,
2 however, the State of Nevada has clarified its position that a permanent injunction prohibiting
3 trespass on public lands, such as the orders issued by this Court in 1998 and 1999, does not meet
4 the requirements of Nev. Rev. Stat. § 565.125, which states that a couit of competent

5 jurisdiction must specifically approve of the proposed "seizure." Ex. 12, Lueders Declaration
6 9-10 and Attachment C. The United States does not agree with Nevada's characterization of the

7 statute or tlie 1998 and 1999 Orders. Notwithstanding this, in order to facilitate the Department

8 of the Interior's coordination with the State and to allow the Nevada Department of Agriculture

9 to cooperate in such impoundment by issuing brand inspection certificates, the United States

10 requests that any Court order enforcing the injunction explicitly authorize the United States to
11 seize (i.e.. impound) any trespass cattle that remain on the former Allotment should Bundy fail to
o

12 remove them.

13 In addition to the State's requirement that a court order be presented for issuance of brand
14 clearance certificates by the State Brand Inspector, tlie Clark County Sheriff- whose cooperation
15 would also be vital should an impoundment be necessary - has indicated that he would require a
16 court order authorizing such impoundment in order for him to cooperate with (i.e., provide local
17 law enforcement support to) the United States. Id at 13. Therefore, a court order authorizing
18 the impoundment of Defendant Bundy's trespass cattle, if such cattle are not removed fi-om the
19 federal lands, is essential for the Federal government to maintain public safety in coordination
20 with local government authorities. Id^
21

22
® Despite attempting to work within the confines of the Nevada statute, the United States does not
23
concede that such statute is properly applied to the United States nor does the United States
24 waive any potential legal challenges to the constitutionality of such statute as applied to the
Federal Government.
25

ihe^exteril -tlie Court views issuing an order which includes this specific direction authorizing
A impoundment to be a modification of its earlier orders, the United States has established the
"fr- Ranged circumstances to justify the revision based on the State statute enacted in 2005. See
SvsrR^hT-No. 91, 364 U.S. at 646-47; Rufo v. Inmates of Suffolk County Jail, 502 U.S. 367,
3^2 (the purty seeking the modification bears the burden to show that modification is
12
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50 Filed 04/11/13 Page 13 of 16

2. Bundy may resist any federal impoundment action absent an order

1
prohibiting such resistance.
2
The Department of the Interior has exercised significant restraint in addi'essing Bundy's
3
continued trespassing over the years out of concern that a confrontation with Bundy could lead to
4
conflict. Ex. 2, Rugwell Declaration f 13. This concern that a conflict could arise is one of the
5
reasons the Department did not use its impoundment authorities to remove the trespass livestock
6
in the 1990s. 1998 Order at 3.

7
The Department's concerns were recently reinforced by Bundy's deposition testimony,
8
when he threatened to do "whatever it takes" to stop any federal impoundment action:
9
Q. Now, let's go back to the question. Let's assume the federal authorities
10 have the authorization to present themselves on land, whether you call it your
11
ranch or the former Bunkerville Allotment, or for that matter the new trespass
lands, and they've got the authorization in hand to remove cattle that belongs to
12 you and they literally, physically, take the steps necessary to accomplish that right
there and you're standing by.
13 Are you going to undertake any effort to physically stop that?
A. Ye s .
14
Q. What efforts would that be?
15 A. Whatever it takes.
Q. Okay. Would that include — when you say "whatever it takes," would that
16
include the soliciting, the assistance of neighbors, friends, family, supporters of
17 yours to do whatever it takes in the scenario I just described?
A. Ye s .
18
Ex. 4, Bundy Depo. at 99:1-19. In addition to this testimony, in April 2012, Bundy disrupted a
19
proposed BLM impoundment action by threatening a lawsuit against the party BLM had
20
contracted with to gather the trespassing cattle. Notably, the letter conveying Bundy's threat
21
described tlie situation as "volatile," and characterized his dealings with BLM as a "range war."
22
Ex. 2, Rugwell Declaration 28-31.
2 3
The record thus shows that Bundy may try to disrupt any federal impoundment operation,
24
including through the use of physical resistance. The United States therefore requests that this
25
direct Bundy not to physically interfere with the federal impoundment of his cattle, should
2/
li:
waiisnted.^d'the court must consider whether the modification is appropriate under the changed
28
w *
circumstances).
V

s
13
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50 Filed 04/11/13 Page 14 of 16

1 such an impoundment become necessary.

2 III. CONCLUSION

3 Bundy has unlawfully grazed his cattle on the fonner Allotment in direct violation of this
4 Court's 1998 and 1999 permanent injunctions. He has never complied with those injunctions.

5 By his own admission, the trespass has been continuous and it has been corroborated through the
6 United States' own documented evidence on numerous occasions. The United States is entitled

7 to have the Court enforce the injunction to stop Bundy's continuing trespass. The United States

8 respectfully requests that the Court enforce the injunction by: issuing a declaration that Bundy
9 has placed or allowed his livestock to graze on these lands in violation of this Court's orders;

10 ordering Bundy to remove his livestock from the former Allotment within 45 days of this Court's
11 order to do so; declaring that the United Slates is authorized to seize and impound Bundy's
12 livestock if they have not been removed within 45 days of this Court's order to do so; declaring
13 that Bundy may not physically interfere with an impoundment operation authorized under this

14 Court's order; and declaring that the United States is authorized to seize and impoiuid Bimdy's
15 livestock should they trespass on the former Allotment at any time in the future in contravention

16 of this Court's injunction.

17 Respectfully submitted April 11, 2013,

18 IGNACIA S. MORENO
Assistant Attorney General
19

20 /s/ Ten'v M. Petrie

TERRY M. PETRIE, Attorney
21 STEPHEN R. TERRELL, Attorney
United States Department of Justice
22
Environment and Natural Resources Division
Natural Resources Section
23
999 18th Street, South Teirace, Suite 370
Denver, CO 80202
Telephone: (303) 844-1369
Facsimile: (303) 844-1350
'26. T erry .Petrie@usdoj .gov
Stcphen.Terrell@usdoj.gov
27'
N
Attorneys for the United States
28

14
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50 Filed 04/11/13 Page 15 of 16

DANIEL G. BOGDEN
1
United States Attorney
2 NADIA AHMED

Special Assistant United States Attorney

3 333 Las Vegas Blvd. South, Suite 5000
Las Vegas, NY 89101
4
Telephone: (702) 388-6336
5 Facsimile: (702)388-6698

6 OF COUNSEL:

7 NANCY ZAHEDI
GREGORY LIND
8 Department of the Interior
Office of the Solicitor
9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

26.

27"

2 8

15
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50 Filed 04/11/13 Page 16 of 16

1 C E R T I F I C AT E O F S E R V I C E

2 I hereby certify that, on April 11, 2013,1 caused the "United States' Motion to Enforce

3 Injunction" to be served by Federal Express on the following:

4

Cliven D. Bundy
5
3315 Gold Butte Road

6 Bunkerville,NV 89007

7
/s/ Terry M. Petrie
TERRY M. PETRIE
8

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

z/

26.

I T

28

16
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 55 Filed 07/26/13 Page 1 of 5

1 ROBERT G. DREHER

Acting Assistant Attorney General

2 TERRY M. PETRIE, Attorney
STEPHEN R. TERRELL, Attorney
3
United States Department of Justice
4 Environment and Natural Resoiu'ces Division
Natural Resources Section
5 999 18th Street, South Terrace, Suite 370

6 Denver, CO 80202
Telephone: (303) 844-1369
7 Facsimile: (303) 844-1350
TeiTy.Petrie@usdoj.gov
8
Stephen.Terrell@usdoj.gov
9
DANIEL G. BOGDEN
10 United States Attorney
NADIA AHMED
11
Special Assistant United States Attorney
12 333 Las Vegas Blvd. South, Suite 5000
■Las Vegas,-NV 89101
T:ele>hone:^^'.j;702) 388-6336
facwrmlft.v (702) 388-6698
14^
15* ATJQ^NEYSTOR THE UNITED STATES

16: IN THE UNITED S TAT E S DISTRICT COURT

DISTRICT OF N E VA D A
17

18
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
19

20 Plaintiff,
No.2:98-cv-531-LRH
21 V .

22 C L I V E N B U N D Y, UNITED S TAT E S ' NOTICE OF

S U P P L E M E N TA L AUTHORITY IN
23
Defendant. SUPPORT OF MOTION TO ENFORCE
24 INJUNCTION

25

26 Based on Defendant Bundy's continuing trespass, the United States has moved to enforce
27 the permanent injunction issued by this Court on November 3, 1998 (ECF No. 19), and modified

28 on September 17, 1999 (ECF No. 46). See generallv Motion to Enforce Injunction (ECF Nos.

I
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 55 Filed 07/26/13 Page 2 of 5

1 50-52, 54). This Court's injunction permanently enjoined Bundy from grazing livestock on the
2 former Bunkerville Allotment ("Allotment") and ordered him to remove his livestock from that

3 Allotment. The United States respectfully submits this Notice of Supplemental Authority, which

4 is the July 9, 2013 order granting the United States' motion for summaiy judgment by Senior
5 Judge Lloyd George in the related case of United States v. Cliven Bundv. No. 12-804 (D. Nev.
6 filed May 14, 2012) ("Bundv IT'l.' The order is attached to this Notice (Exhibit 1) and its
7 relevance is discussed briefly below.

8 In both this case ("Bundv I") and Bundv IL the conduct by Bundy involves the

9 unauthorized trespass of livestock on property owned by the United States and administered by

10 the United States Department of the Interior. The principal difference between the cases is the
11 location of the lands on which the cattle have trespassed. In this case the trespassed land is
12 located in what is characterized as the former Bunkerville Allotment, which this Court found to

13 be lands of the United States for which Bundy has no authorization to graze and within which he
14 has been permanently enjoined from grazing. In Bundv IL the trespassed land (aka "New

15 Trespass Lands") is located adjacent to the former Bunkerville Allotment and was not part of the
16 permanent injunction issued in 1998."

17 Many of Bundy's legal defenses before this Court are the same ones that Senior Judge
18 George found to have no merit. Compare Defendant Bundy's Objection to the United States'
19 Motion to Enforce Injunction at 15-16 ("Objection") (ECF No. 53) (argument that this Court
20 does not have jurisdiction because the United States allegedly does not own the public lands in
21 question) with Bundv II Order at 3 (noting that tliis court previously ruled that the public lands in
22 Nevada are the property of the United States); compare Objection at 17-19, 23 (Bundy's claim
23 that the Disclaimer Clause of the Nevada constitution does not apply to the land ownership
24 question) with Bundv 11 Order at 3 (citing to United States v. Gardner. 107 F.3d 1314, 1320 (9th

24

h No.-48HriVoticc of Related Cases.

-p ' Exhibit 1 tatheJJnited States' Motion to Enforce the Injunction before this Court depicts the
28- location of tfic'former Bunkei'ville Allotment and the "New Trespass Lands." Sec ECF 50-1.
w

- ,..s 2
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 55 Filed 07/26/13 Page 3 of 5

1 Cir. 1997) (to reject an identical claim advanced by Bundy); compare Objection at 22-23

2 (Bundy's claim that the Property Clause of the United States Constitution applies only to federal
3 lands outside the borders of States) with Bundv II Order at 3 (again rejecting Bundy's claim,

4 citing to Gardner, 107 F.3d at 1320); compai'e Objection at 17-24 (Bundy's claim that the United
5 States' exercise of ownership over federal lands violates the Equal Footing Doctrine) with Bundv

6 n Order at 3 (holding that Bundy is incorrect, citing to Gardner. 107 F.3d at 1319); compare

7 Objection at 24-31 (Bundy's claim that the United States' actions against him ai-e based upon the
8 Endangered Species Act as opposed to unauthorized trespass) with Bundv II Order at 3
9 (acknowledging that the United States did not base its trespass claims on the Endangered Species
10 Act).

11 Judge George's July 9 order in Bundv II correctly dispatches of the great majority of the
12 legal defenses offered by Bundy in this case.
13 Respectfully submitted July 26, 2013,
14 ROBERT G. DREHER

15 Acting Assistant Attorney General

16 /s/ Terry M. Petrie

TERRY M. PETRIE, Attorney
17 STEPHEN R. TERRELL, Attomey
United States Department of Justice
18
Environment and Natural Resources Division
19 Natural Resources Section
999 18th Street, South Terrace, Suite 370
20 Denver, CO 80202
21
Telephone: (303) 844-1369
Facsimile: (303)844-1350
22 Terry.Petrie(gusdoj.gov
Stephen.Terrell@usdoj.gov
23
Attorneys for the United States
24

DANIEL G. BOGDEN
P: United States Attomey
NADIA AHMED

Special Assistant United States Attomey

^ ^ .V V 333 Las Vegas Blvd. South, Suite 5000
Las Vegas, NY 89101
28"
. .. • M
I T
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 55 Filed 07/26/13 Page 4 of 5

Telephone: (702)388-6336
Facsimile: (702) 388-6698
^ OF COUNSEL:
^ NANCY ZAHEDI
4 GREGORY LIND
Department of the Interior
5 O f fi c e of the Solicitor

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

2 3 -

26;-U - -
2 7 V. - . . . . . s

2 8
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 55 Filed 07/26/13 Page 5 of 5

1 C E RT I F I C AT E OF SERVICE

2 I hereby certify that, on July 26, 2013,1 caused the "United Stales' Notice of

3 Supplemental Authority in Support of Motion to Enforce Injunction" to be sei*ved by Federal

4 Express on the following:
5

Cliven D. Bundy
6
3315 Gold Butte Road
7 Bunkerville, NV 89007

8 /s/ Terry M. Petrie

TERRY M. PETRIE
9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

hi.
26

27

28

5
 Case2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document56 Filed 10/09/13 Page lot6

U N I T E D S TAT E S D I S T R I C T C O U R T

D I S T R I C T O F N E VA D A

4: :(c

- 9 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

" Plaintiff,
'lo '
0 2 : 9 8 - C V- 0 0 5 3 1 - L R H - V C F

11 " v. ^ '
O R D E R
12 C U V E N B U N D Y,

13 Defendant.

14

15 Before the Court is Plaintiff United States* Motion to Enforce Injunction. Doc. #50.'

16 Defendant Bundy filed a Response (Doc. #53), to which the United States replied (Doc. #54).

17 Additionally, the United States filed a Notice of Supplemental Authority in Support of its Motion

18 to Enforce Injunction, citing related case United States v. Bundy, No. 2:12-cv-0804-LDG-GWF

19 {^'Bundy //'). Doc. #55.

20 I. Factual Background

21 This case arises out of Bundy's unauthorized and unlawful grazing of his livestock on

2 2 property owned by the United States and administered by the Department of the Interior ("the

23 DOT') through the Bureau of Land Management ("the BLM") and the National Park Service ("the

2 4 NPS"). On November 3, 1998, the Court issued an Order permanently enjoining Bundy from

2 5

2 6
' Refers to the Court's docket number.
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 56 Filed 10/09/13 Page 2 of 6

1 grazing his livestock on the former Bunkerville Allotment ("the Allotment"), and ordering him to

2 remove his livestock from the Allotment by no later than November 30,1998, and pay damages to

3 the United States in the amount of $200 per day per head for any remaining livestock on the

4 Allotment after November 30, 1998. Doc. #19. On September 17, 1999, after Bundy failed to

5 comply with the Court's first Order, the Court issued a second Order directing Bundy to comply

6 with the 1998 Permanent Injunction and modifying the trespass damages owed to the United States.

7 Doc. #46. Notwithstanding the Court's Orders, Bundy continues to graze his cattle on the

8 Allotment. Thus, the United States seeks a third Order as follows: (1) declaring that Bundy has

9 placed or allowed his livestock to graze on the Allotment in violation of the Court's Orders; (2)

10 directing Bundy to remove his livestock from the Allotment within 45 days of the Court's Order;

I I (3) explicitly authorizing the United States to seize and impound Bundy's livestock if they have not

12 been removed as directed; (4) instructing Bundy that he may not physically interfere with an

13 impoundment operation authorized by the Court's Order; and (5) authorizing the United States to

14 seize and impound Bundy's livestock should he continue to violate the Court's Permanent

15 Injunction in the future. See Doc. #50.

16 II. Legal Standard

17 Courts have inherent authority to enforce a permanent injunction where the enjoined party

18 continues to engage in conduct that violates the injunction. See Sys. Fed'n No. 91, Ry. Emp. Dep't,

19 ALF-CIO V. HV/gAr,364 U.S. 642,647 (1961). Furthermore, "sound judicial discretion may call

2 0 for the modification of the terms of an injunctive decree if the circumstances, whether of law or

21 fact, obtaining at the time of its issuance have changed, or new ones have since arisen." Id. The

-22- ^werlombdify derives from "the fact that an injunction often requires continuing supervision by

the issuing court and alwaj^ a continuing willingness to apply its powers and processes on behalf

24" pf the party who obtained that equitable relief. Id.

25 m / V-
S *

26- ! fl
w *

2
 Case2:98-cv-0053MRH-VCF Document 56 Filed 10/09/13 Page 3 of 6

1 111 . Discussion

2 Here, uncontested evidence demonstrates that Bundy continues to violate the Court's 1998

3 Permanent Injunction. Bundy himself admits to grazing his cattle on lands both inside and outside

4 the Allotment in contravention of the Court's Orders. Doc. #50, Ex. 4, Oct. 23,2011 Bundy

5 Deposition. In addition to his own admissions, the United States has presented an abundance of
6 evidence documenting Bundy's continued grazing on the Allotment. Doc. #50, Ex. 2, Ex. 5, Ex. 6,

7 Ex. 7, Ex. 8, Ex. 9, Ex. 13. In light of such flagrant and continuing violations, the Court finds that

8 it has the authority to undertake whatever measures it deems necessary to ensure Bundy's future

9 compliance with the 1998 Permanent Injunction. Specifically, if Bundy fails to comply with the
10 Court's Orders, the Court has the explicit authority to direct that compliance be achieved—at

11 Bundy's expense—by the BLM and/or NI^. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 70(a) ("[i]f a judgment requires a
12 party to ... perform [a] specific act and the party fails to comply within the time specified, the
13 court may order the act to be done—at the disobedient party's expense—by another person

14 appointed by the court").

15 Moreover, in its 1998 Order, the Court acknowledged that the BLM is explicitly authorized
16 to impound and dispose of the unauthorized livestock after written notice to Bundy of its intent to

17 impound. Doc. #19, p. 10 (citing 43 C.F.R. §§ 4150.2,4150.4,4150.4-1,4150.4-2; K/ump v.

18 United States^ 38 Fed. CI. 243 (1997) (government had not violated takings clause in impounding

19 cattle as sanction for unauthorized grazing on federal lands)); see also 43 C.F.R. §§ 4150.4-1 to

20 4150.4-5; 36 C.F.R. § 2.60(c). The Court went on to state that "[tjhe government has shown
21 commendable restraint in allowing this trespass to continue for so long without impounding

2 2 Bundy's livestock." Doc. #19, p. 11. The Court now echos those sentiments and finds that seizure

25 and impoundment of Bundy's livestock in the event of non-compliance with the Court's Permanent
" >:■

InjujiPtion whsTully contemplated by the Court in its 1998 Order.

,25- X GoutFfurther finds that unforeseen obstacles necessitate a modification of the language

2 6 in the Court's 1998 Order to effectuate the Court's original intent in issuing a Permanent
3
s /I
sJ
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 56 Filed 10/09/13 Page 4 of 6

1 Injunction. First, the State of Nevada enacted a new statute in 2005 prohibiting the State Brand

2 Inspector from issuing a brand inspection certificate to a federal agency unless the agency first

3 obtains a court order approving its seizure of cattle. Nev. Rev. Stat. § 565.125.^ According to the

4 United States, the State of Nevada has clarified that a permanent injunction prohibiting trespass on

5 public lands, such as the Order issued by this Court in 1998, is insufficient under section 565.125.

6 See Doc. #50, p. 12.^ The Court agrees with the United States that while section 565.125 does not

7 in any way undermine or diminish the United States' authority to impound Bundy's livestock, an

8 order explicitly authorizing seizure and impoundment would greatly facilitate the BUM and NPS's

9 coordination with the State of Nevada and the State Brand Inspector. See id. Second, the Clark

10 County Sheriff has indicated that he would also require a court order authorizing seizure and

11 impoundment in order to provide local law enforcement support to the United States. See id.

12 Indeed, local law enforcement support would be particularly important given the United States'

13 concern about a confrontation with Bundy in the event of a seizure and impoundment. See Doc.

14 #50, p. 13. Thus, to the extent that a renewed order specifically authorizing seizure and

15 impoundment and directing Bundy not to physically interfere with any such seizure and

-16 impoundment is deemed a modification, the Court finds that the aforementioned changed

cfrcumstances justify the revision.

18-

'19

2 0 m

21

2 2 ^ Prior to 2005, the BLM had a Memorandum of Understanding with the Nevada Department
of Agriculture under which the State Brand Inspectors would issue brand inspection certificates to the
23
BLM for any cattle impounded on federal land if the BLM had complied with notice and other federal
2 4 regulatory provisions for impoundment. See Doc. #50, p. 11, n. 7.
^ The United States disagrees with the State of Nevada's characterization of the statute.
2 5
Nevertheless, the Court finds it unnecessary to reach the issue of the statute's proper interpretation
2 6 and/or application to the Court's 1998 and 1999 Orders.
4
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 56 Filed 10/09/13 Page 5 of 6

1 Finally, the Court finds that Bundy's objections to the United States' Motion, many of

2 which have been disposed of in prior proceedings,'^ are without merit. The Court has stated

3 unequivocally on numerous occasions that it has jurisdiction to hear this case, and that the

4 Allotment is owned by the United States and managed by the DOI through the BLM and the NFS.

5 Bundy's repeated suggestions to the contrary are entirely unavailing.

7 IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the United States' Motion to Enforce Injunction (Doc.

8 #50) is hereby GRANTED.

9 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Bundy is permanently enjoined from trespassing on the

10 former Bunkerville Allotment.

11 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the United States is entitled to protect the former

12 Bunkerville Allotment against this trespass, and all future trespasses by Bundy.

13 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Bundy shall remove his livestock from the former

14 Bunkerville Allotment within 45 days of the date hereof, and that the United States is entitled to

15 seize and remove to impound any of Bundy's cattle that remain in trespass after 45 days of the date

16 hereof.

17 mS P4JRTHER ORDERED that the United States is entitled to seize and remove to

impouna any'of Bundy's cattle for any future trespasses, provided the United States has complied
• •

49^ with the notice provisions under the goveming regulations of the United States Department of the

20~ ericMV-
hrterii

2 ! /// ^ V
22- in

23

* See Doc. # 19, p. 4-6,7-9 (disposing of Bundy's arguments that the Court does not have
24
jurisdiction and that the public lands in Nevada are not the property of the United States); see also
25 Bundy //, Doc. #35 (rejecting Bundy's defenses as to the Court's jurisdiction, the United States'
ownership of public lands in Nevada, the United States' authority to sanction Bundy for trespass, and
26
the inapplicability of the Nevada Constitution and Nevada Statutes to the present controversy).
5
 Case 2:98.cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 56 Filed 10/09/13 Page 6 of 6

1 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Bundy shall not physically interfere with any seizure or

2 impoundment operation authorized by this Court's Order.

3 IT IS SO ORDERED.

4 DATED this 8th day of October, 2013.

6 LARRY R. HICKS
UNITED S TAT E S DISTRICT JUDGE
7

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

2 0

s y.

2 3

■■
25*

2 6

6
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 56 Filed 10/09/13 Page 1 of 6

6 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

7 DISTRICT OF NEVADA

8 ***

9 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, )

)
10 Plaintiff, ) 02:98-CV-00531-LRH-VCF
)
11 v. )
) ORDER
12 CLIVEN BUNDY, )
)
13 Defendant. )
)
14

15 Before the Court is Plaintiff United States’ Motion to Enforce Injunction. Doc. #50.1

16 Defendant Bundy filed a Response (Doc. #53), to which the United States replied (Doc. #54).

17 Additionally, the United States filed a Notice of Supplemental Authority in Support of its Motion

18 to Enforce Injunction, citing related case United States v. Bundy, No. 2:12-cv-0804-LDG-GWF

19 (“Bundy II”). Doc. #55.

20 I. Factual Background

21 This case arises out of Bundy’s unauthorized and unlawful grazing of his livestock on

22 property owned by the United States and administered by the Department of the Interior (“the

23 DOI”) through the Bureau of Land Management (“the BLM”) and the National Park Service (“the

24 NPS”). On November 3, 1998, the Court issued an Order permanently enjoining Bundy from

25

26 1
Refers to the Court’s docket number.
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 56 Filed 10/09/13 Page 2 of 6

1 grazing his livestock on the former Bunkerville Allotment (“the Allotment”), and ordering him to

2 remove his livestock from the Allotment by no later than November 30, 1998, and pay damages to

3 the United States in the amount of $200 per day per head for any remaining livestock on the

4 Allotment after November 30, 1998. Doc. #19. On September 17, 1999, after Bundy failed to

5 comply with the Court’s first Order, the Court issued a second Order directing Bundy to comply

6 with the 1998 Permanent Injunction and modifying the trespass damages owed to the United States.

7 Doc. #46. Notwithstanding the Court’s Orders, Bundy continues to graze his cattle on the

8 Allotment. Thus, the United States seeks a third Order as follows: (1) declaring that Bundy has

9 placed or allowed his livestock to graze on the Allotment in violation of the Court’s Orders; (2)

10 directing Bundy to remove his livestock from the Allotment within 45 days of the Court’s Order;

11 (3) explicitly authorizing the United States to seize and impound Bundy’s livestock if they have not

12 been removed as directed; (4) instructing Bundy that he may not physically interfere with an

13 impoundment operation authorized by the Court’s Order; and (5) authorizing the United States to

14 seize and impound Bundy’s livestock should he continue to violate the Court’s Permanent

15 Injunction in the future. See Doc. #50.

16 II. Legal Standard

17 Courts have inherent authority to enforce a permanent injunction where the enjoined party

18 continues to engage in conduct that violates the injunction. See Sys. Fed’n No. 91, Ry. Emp. Dep’t,

19 ALF-CIO v. Wright, 364 U.S. 642, 647 (1961). Furthermore, “sound judicial discretion may call

20 for the modification of the terms of an injunctive decree if the circumstances, whether of law or

21 fact, obtaining at the time of its issuance have changed, or new ones have since arisen.” Id. The

22 power to modify derives from “the fact that an injunction often requires continuing supervision by

23 the issuing court and always a continuing willingness to apply its powers and processes on behalf

24 of the party who obtained that equitable relief. Id.

25 ///

26 ///
2
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 56 Filed 10/09/13 Page 3 of 6

1 III. Discussion

2 Here, uncontested evidence demonstrates that Bundy continues to violate the Court’s 1998

3 Permanent Injunction. Bundy himself admits to grazing his cattle on lands both inside and outside

4 the Allotment in contravention of the Court’s Orders. Doc. #50, Ex. 4, Oct. 23, 2011 Bundy

5 Deposition. In addition to his own admissions, the United States has presented an abundance of

6 evidence documenting Bundy’s continued grazing on the Allotment. Doc. #50, Ex. 2, Ex. 5, Ex. 6,

7 Ex. 7, Ex. 8, Ex. 9, Ex. 13. In light of such flagrant and continuing violations, the Court finds that

8 it has the authority to undertake whatever measures it deems necessary to ensure Bundy’s future

9 compliance with the 1998 Permanent Injunction. Specifically, if Bundy fails to comply with the

10 Court’s Orders, the Court has the explicit authority to direct that compliance be achieved—at

11 Bundy’s expense—by the BLM and/or NPS. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 70(a) (“[i]f a judgment requires a

12 party to . . . perform [a] specific act and the party fails to comply within the time specified, the

13 court may order the act to be done—at the disobedient party’s expense—by another person

14 appointed by the court”).

15 Moreover, in its 1998 Order, the Court acknowledged that the BLM is explicitly authorized

16 to impound and dispose of the unauthorized livestock after written notice to Bundy of its intent to

17 impound. Doc. #19, p. 10 (citing 43 C.F.R. §§ 4150.2, 4150.4, 4150.4-1, 4150.4-2; Klump v.

18 United States, 38 Fed. Cl. 243 (1997) (government had not violated takings clause in impounding

19 cattle as sanction for unauthorized grazing on federal lands)); see also 43 C.F.R. §§ 4150.4-1 to

20 4150.4-5; 36 C.F.R. § 2.60(c). The Court went on to state that “[t]he government has shown

21 commendable restraint in allowing this trespass to continue for so long without impounding

22 Bundy’s livestock.” Doc. #19, p. 11. The Court now echos those sentiments and finds that seizure

23 and impoundment of Bundy’s livestock in the event of non-compliance with the Court’s Permanent

24 Injunction was fully contemplated by the Court in its 1998 Order.

25 The Court further finds that unforeseen obstacles necessitate a modification of the language

26 in the Court’s 1998 Order to effectuate the Court’s original intent in issuing a Permanent
3
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 56 Filed 10/09/13 Page 4 of 6

1 Injunction. First, the State of Nevada enacted a new statute in 2005 prohibiting the State Brand

2 Inspector from issuing a brand inspection certificate to a federal agency unless the agency first

3 obtains a court order approving its seizure of cattle. Nev. Rev. Stat. § 565.125.2 According to the

4 United States, the State of Nevada has clarified that a permanent injunction prohibiting trespass on

5 public lands, such as the Order issued by this Court in 1998, is insufficient under section 565.125.

6 See Doc. #50, p. 12.3 The Court agrees with the United States that while section 565.125 does not

7 in any way undermine or diminish the United States’ authority to impound Bundy’s livestock, an

8 order explicitly authorizing seizure and impoundment would greatly facilitate the BLM and NPS’s

9 coordination with the State of Nevada and the State Brand Inspector. See id. Second, the Clark

10 County Sheriff has indicated that he would also require a court order authorizing seizure and

11 impoundment in order to provide local law enforcement support to the United States. See id.

12 Indeed, local law enforcement support would be particularly important given the United States’

13 concern about a confrontation with Bundy in the event of a seizure and impoundment. See Doc.

14 #50, p. 13. Thus, to the extent that a renewed order specifically authorizing seizure and

15 impoundment and directing Bundy not to physically interfere with any such seizure and

16 impoundment is deemed a modification, the Court finds that the aforementioned changed

17 circumstances justify the revision.

18 ///

19 ///

20 ///

21

22 2
Prior to 2005, the BLM had a Memorandum of Understanding with the Nevada Department
of Agriculture under which the State Brand Inspectors would issue brand inspection certificates to the
23
BLM for any cattle impounded on federal land if the BLM had complied with notice and other federal
24 regulatory provisions for impoundment. See Doc. #50, p. 11, n. 7.
3
25 The United States disagrees with the State of Nevada’s characterization of the statute.
Nevertheless, the Court finds it unnecessary to reach the issue of the statute’s proper interpretation
26 and/or application to the Court’s 1998 and 1999 Orders.
4
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 56 Filed 10/09/13 Page 5 of 6

1 Finally, the Court finds that Bundy’s objections to the United States’ Motion, many of

2 which have been disposed of in prior proceedings,4 are without merit. The Court has stated

3 unequivocally on numerous occasions that it has jurisdiction to hear this case, and that the

4 Allotment is owned by the United States and managed by the DOI through the BLM and the NPS.

5 Bundy’s repeated suggestions to the contrary are entirely unavailing.

7 IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the United States’ Motion to Enforce Injunction (Doc.

8 #50) is hereby GRANTED.

9 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Bundy is permanently enjoined from trespassing on the

10 former Bunkerville Allotment.

11 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the United States is entitled to protect the former

12 Bunkerville Allotment against this trespass, and all future trespasses by Bundy.

13 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Bundy shall remove his livestock from the former

14 Bunkerville Allotment within 45 days of the date hereof, and that the United States is entitled to

15 seize and remove to impound any of Bundy’s cattle that remain in trespass after 45 days of the date

16 hereof.

17 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the United States is entitled to seize and remove to

18 impound any of Bundy’s cattle for any future trespasses, provided the United States has complied

19 with the notice provisions under the governing regulations of the United States Department of the

20 Interior.

21 ///

22 ///

23
4
24 See Doc. # 19, p. 4-6, 7-9 (disposing of Bundy’s arguments that the Court does not have
jurisdiction and that the public lands in Nevada are not the property of the United States); see also
25 Bundy II, Doc. #35 (rejecting Bundy’s defenses as to the Court’s jurisdiction, the United States’
ownership of public lands in Nevada, the United States’ authority to sanction Bundy for trespass, and
26 the inapplicability of the Nevada Constitution and Nevada Statutes to the present controversy).
5
 Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 56 Filed 10/09/13 Page 6 of 6

1 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Bundy shall not physically interfere with any seizure or

2 impoundment operation authorized by this Court’s Order.

3 IT IS SO ORDERED.

4 DATED this 8th day of October, 2013.

5
__________________________________
6 LARRY R. HICKS
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
7

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26
6
Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 1 of 36

U.S. Mot. Enforce Inj. - Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. - Page 1 of 9

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 2 of 36

U.S. Mot. Enforce Inj. - Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. - Page 2 of 9

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 3 of 36

U.S. Mot. Enforce Inj. - Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. - Page 3 of 9

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 4 of 36

U.S. Mot. Enforce Inj. - Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. - Page 4 of 9

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 5 of 36

U.S. Mot. Enforce Inj. - Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. - Page 5 of 9

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 6 of 36

U.S. Mot. Enforce Inj. - Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. - Page 6 of 9

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 7 of 36

U.S. Mot. Enforce Inj. - Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. - Page 7 of 9

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 8 of 36

U.S. Mot. Enforce Inj. - Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. - Page 8 of 9

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 9 of 36

U.S. Mot. Enforce Inj. - Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. - Page 9 of 9

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 10 of 36

ATTACHMENT A
 Tr
Mesquite
"

Bunkerville
170 "
¬
«
Riverside
168 "
¬
«
er
Riv
Moapa gin
Vir
"
Glendale

Go
"

ld
Bu
tte

Ro
ad
Legend
Former Bunker
Logandale
93 " New Trespass

d
£
¤ " City Location

oa
NHD Hydrology

eR

Mu
ov Major Road

dd
tional Moapa Indian s Interstate

yR
efuge Overton an
Reservation "
m US Highway

ive
er

r
sh State Highway
Fi
County Highwa
15 Arterial
§
¦
¨ Collector
Local
Back Country B
ad M u d W as h Resource
Bea c h Ro Ro
V al ad
ley Ov erton Restricted
Of Valley of Fire
Fi r e Ro ad State Park

Ro
ge
r sW
as
h
il
rin gs T ra

B
Nellis Small i t te r Sp
Arms Range

Lake Mead
Nellis Air NRA Unit
Force Base
604
¬
« ad
Ro
North Las Vegas r ths ho r e Not int
" ¬147 No
«
Las Vegas
em 0 2.
" on
tS
tre
et
Lake Mead
h
as
sW
ga
s Ve
146

Bo
La ¬
«

u
Duck Creek

ld
166

er
¬
«

H
ig
h w
U.S. DEPARTMENTOFTHEINTE
BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMEN

ay
Henderson
"

215 93
§
Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 12 of 36

ATTACHMENT B
 Valley
Range
Mormon Tres
Mountains
Mesquite
"
Mormon
168 Mesa
¬
« ACEC 170 "
Bunkerville
¬
«
Riverside
"
Arrow
Canyon
ACEC
Arrow er
Canyon Riv
Moapa gin Virgin
Vir
" River
Glendale Legend
" ACEC
Former Bunker

G
New Trespass

ol
d
" City Location

Bu
tte Virgin Virgin NHD Hydrolog
Mountains Mountain Major Road
t93
u "
Logandale ACEC ISA Interstate

d
Roa d
US Highway

oa
Coyote State Highway

eR
Springs County Highwa

Mu
ov

dd
tional Valley Moapa Indian Arterial
s

yR
efuge ACEC Overton an Gold Butte, Collector
Reservation "
m Whitney

ive
er

r
Part Local
sh Pockets
Fi A Back Country
ACEC
ACEC Resource
15 Restricted
§
¦
¨ Biological
Red Rock Cultural
604
¬ Springs Cultural/Biologi
« c h Ro
ad ACEC Desert Tortoise
V al Bea
ley Ov erton Devils
Of Valley of Fire Throat
Fi r e Ro ad State Park ACEC

Ro
ge
r sW
Lime

as
h
Canyon
Hidden
Valley
ACEC il
rin gs T ra

B
Nellis Small i t te r Sp
Muddy Gold Butte
Arms Range Mountains Jimbilnan
Townsite Gold Butte, Million
ACEC Part Hills
B
Lake Mead ACEC
Nellis Air NRA Unit
Force Base Muddy
Mountains
Sunrise ad
Ro Pinto
North Las Vegas Mountain r th s ho r e Valley Not int
" ISA No
Jumbo
Rainbow Springs 0 2.
Las Vegas
em
Gardens
" on
tS
tre ACEC
et
Lake Mead
h
as
sW
ga
s Ve
146

Bo
La ¬
«

u
Duck Creek

ld
166

er
¬
«

H
ig
h w
U.S. DEPARTMENTOFTHEINTE
BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMEN

ay
River
Henderson Mountains
"
ACEC
215 93
Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 14 of 36

ATTACHMENT C
Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 15 of 36

Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. Att. C - Page 1 of 12

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 16 of 36

Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. Att. C - Page 2 of 12

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 17 of 36

Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. Att. C - Page 3 of 12

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 18 of 36

Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. Att. C - Page 4 of 12

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 19 of 36

Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. Att. C - Page 5 of 12

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 20 of 36

Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. Att. C - Page 6 of 12

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 21 of 36

Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. Att. C - Page 7 of 12

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 22 of 36

Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. Att. C - Page 8 of 12

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 23 of 36

Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. Att. C - Page 9 of 12

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 24 of 36

Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. Att. C - Page 10 of 12

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 25 of 36

Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. Att. C - Page 11 of 12

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 26 of 36

Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. Att. C - Page 12 of 12

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 27 of 36

ATTACHMENT D
Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 28 of 36

Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. Att. D - Page 1 of 2

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 29 of 36

Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. Att. D - Page 2 of 2

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 30 of 36

ATTACHMENT E
Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 31 of 36

Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. Att. E - Page 1 of 6

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 32 of 36

Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. Att. E - Page 2 of 6

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 33 of 36

Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. Att. E - Page 3 of 6

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 34 of 36

Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. Att. E - Page 4 of 6

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 35 of 36

Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. Att. E - Page 5 of 6

Case 2:98-cv-00531-LRH-VCF Document 50-2 Filed 04/11/13 Page 36 of 36

Ex. 2 - Rugwell Dec. Att. E - Page 6 of 6