LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES & ENERGY

CONSERVATION

Prepared By

U. ARAVIND, B.E.,
LECTURER / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
K.R. NAGAR, KOVILPATTI, TUTICORIN.

NAME :

YEAR & SEC :

ROLL NUMBER :

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 1

 LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION

PART – C

Unit – 1

1. Explain the Classifications of Energy Resources

2. Explain the importance of Renewable Energy Sources
3. Explain the working, Advantages & Disadvantages of Horizontal Axis & Vertical Axis Wind
turbine
4. Explain the Energy Storage & Safety system of the wind energy conversion
5. Explain the Applications of wind energy

Unit – 2

1. Compare the Flat Plate Collector & Concentrating Collector

2. Explain the solar thermal electric power plant
3. Explain with neat sketch about any two Solar radiation measuring instrument
4. With neat sketch, Explain the Box type Solar cooker & Solar distillation
5. Briefly explain the working principle of solar water heater

Unit – 3

1. Explain the construction , working , Advantages , Disadvantages & Applications of Solar PV

system
2. Explain the types of Solar Cell & Solar PV Cells
3. Explain about Ocean Thermal Electric Conversion (OTEC) system briefly.
4. Explain the Components & Operation of Tidal Power Plant
5. Explain Wave Energy Conversion Devices.

Unit – 4

1. Write about Biomass Conversion Technologies

2. Explain the Construction & Working of Floating Drum Biogas plant
3. Explain the Construction & Working of Fixed Dome Biogas plant
4. Explain Updraft & Downdraft Gasifier
5. Explain the Ethanol production from biomass

Unit – 5

1. Explain the Various Energy Audit Instruments

2. Define Energy Audit. & Briefly explain the types of energy audit
3. What is Energy Conservation? & Write the Principles and Importance of Energy
Conservation?
4. Explain the Waste Heat Recovery System & its Applications and Devices
5. Write the ways of improving Boiler Efficiency
6. Write the Energy Conservation Approaches for Compressed Air & Pumps.

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 LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
PART A & B
UNIT - I
1. What is energy? (Oct 13)
• Energy is defined as Ability to do work.
2. What is primary energy? (apr15)
• Energy sources which provide a net supply of
energy are called primary energy.
3. What are primary energy sources? (oct16)
• Coal
• Natural Gas
• Oil
• Nuclear Energy are primary energy sources.
4. List out any two conventional energy sources.
(apr16)(apr14)
• Fossil fuel energy
• Hydraulic energy
• Nuclear energy
5. What are the common forms of energy?
(oct15)(apr16)(oct16)
• Mechanical energy
• Electrical energy
• Chemical energy
• Heat energy
• Nuclear energy
6. List out any two non-conventional energy sources.
(oct13) (oct15)(apr14)
• Solar energy, tidal energy, wind energy
7. State any two merits of non-conventional energy
sources. (apr16)
• Less environment impact than fossil fuel.
• It can be used without depleting.
8. State any two de-merits of conventional energy
sources. (oct15)
• Very costly production cost.
• Cause of global warming, Greenhouse Effect,
Acid rain Etc...
9. What is meant by conventional energy? (oct15)
• Energy that has been used from ancient times
is known as conventional energy.
10. List any two salient features of non-conventional
energy sources.
• It can be used without depleting it.
• Renewable energy is environmental friendly.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
11. Give examples for fossil fuels. (oct15)
• Coal, natural gas, petroleum.
12. What is relationship energy consumption and
standard of living?
• The more energy people consume, the more
their standard of living improved.
13. What are products obtained from crude
petroleum?
• Petroleum gas, Petrol ,Kerosene, Diesel oil
• Residual oil (Lubrication oil, paraffin wax,
asphalt)
• Fuel oil for boiler & furnace
14. What is energy density of fuel? (apr16)(apr17)
• A measure of the amount of energy stored in a
given volume or mass (weight) of that fuel.
Unit is KJ/KG
15. What is energy density value of petrol & diesel?
• Petrol: 46900 KJ/KG
• Diesel: 45800KJ/KG
16. What are renewable energy sources?
• The source of energy which are being
produced continuously in nature and are
Inexhaustible are called renewable source of
energy (or) non-conventional energy.
17. What is the potential of wind energy and solar
power in India?
According To Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy
Sources,
• Wind: 45000 MW
• Solar: 20MW/Sq.Km these are the potential of
wind energy and solar power in India.
18. What is energy conservation?
(apr15)(oct16)(apr17)(apr14)
• Energy conservation is the reduction of energy
consumption without affecting the quantity or
quality of the production
19. List any two methods of conserving energy.
• Be less dependent on your heating and air
conditioning units.
• Replace old light bulbs with energy saving
fluorescent bulbs.
• Turn off all electronic devices that are not in
use.
20. What is meant by energy chain? (oct16)(apr17)
• The sequence of energy transformations
between primary and secondary energy.
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 LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION

21. What is wind energy? (oct15) 32. Name the type of wind turbine.
(oct13)(oct15)(oct16)(apr14)
• Wind energy is type of energy derived from
kinetic energy of air. • Horizontal axis wind turbines
• Vertical axis wind turbine
22. What is wind data? (oct15)(oct16)(apr17)
33. What are advantages of horizontal axis wind
• For estimating the wind energy potential of a turbine?
site, data collected from Site is known as wins
data. • The tall tower base allows access to stronger
wind
23. State any two applications of wind energy • High efficiency and increase in power output
(oct13)(apr13)(apr16) 34%

• Grid-connected power generation 34. Name type of vertical axis wind turbine.
➢ Water pumping
➢ Telecommunications • Darrieus wind turbine
➢ Weather stations • Savonius wind turbine
➢ Air-traffic control
35. What are advantages of vertical axis wind
24. List out any two advantages of wind energy. turbine?
(oct12)(apr15)(apr16)
• No yaw mechanisms is needed
• Renewable energy • VAWTs may be built at locations where taller
• Reduces fossil fuels consumption structures are prohibited
• Less air and water pollution
36. What are environmental impacts of wind
25. List out any two disadvantages of wind energy. turbine?
(apr13)
• Bird deaths
• Noise disturbances • Climate change
• Threat to wildlife
• Wind speed can never be predicted 37. What are safety hazards in wind turbine?

26. What is wind rose? • Electric shock

• Throwing ice in polar countries
• Wind rose is a map diagram that summarizes • Tower collapse
information about the wind at a particular • Affecting radar and radio signals
location over a specified time period • Public health issues
• Blade failure
27. What is the use of wind rose?
38. What are sources of risk in wind turbine
• Wind rose used by meteorologists gives the operation?
percentage of the time the wind blows from
each direction during the observation period • Blade ejection
• Tower collapse
28. What is anemometer?
• Hazardous weather conditions
• Oil spills
• The instrument used to measure wind speed is
called an anemometer • Ice shedding

29. What is the use of anemometer?
• It is used to measure the wind speed.
30. What are essential components of a wind electric
generator?
• Major components of wind electric generator
are Tower, Rotor, Gear box, Generator, Safety
systems
39. Name safety devices used in wind turbine.
(apr15)(apr16)(apr17)
• Vibration sensor
• Electronic thermometers
• Aerodynamic breaking system
• Mechanical braking system
40. What is meant by energy for sustainable
development? (apr13)

31. What is nacelle? • A substantial reduction in resource

consumption and emission of pollutant is
• It is a cover to product wind turbine essential for the development of sustainable
components on the tower. human society

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 LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION

41. What is the function of wind mill? (oct12)

• Non-renewable resources
• Renewable resources
• Wind mill converts kinetic energy of air into
4. Based on Commercial Applications
mechanical energy
• Commercial energy resources
42. What are the factors that determine power in the • Non- Commercial energy resources
wind? (oct12) 5. Based on origin
• Solar energy
• The wind speed • Tidal energy
• The cross section of the windswept by rotor • Nuclear energy
• The overall conversion efficiency of the rotor,
transmission system, generator or pump
50. What is the classification of wind energy
43. What are the disadvantages of vertical axis wind conversion system (apr14)
machine? (oct15)
1. Based on axis of rotation
• power output is low
a. Horizontal axis machine
• It makes more noise
b. Vertical axis machine
2. Based on the size
44. What are the forces acting on the wind turbine
a. Small size machine
blades? (apr14)(apr17)
b. Medium size machine
c. Large size machine
• Axial force
3. Based on the type of output power
• Circumferential Force a. DC output machine
b. AC output machine
45. What are the factors to be considered while
4. Based on rotational speed
selecting site for wind mill? (oct16) a. Constant speed with variable pitch blade
b. Variable speed with fixed pitch plate
• Ground surface should be stable 5. Based on the utilization of output
• Low cost of land a. Battery storage
• Wind speed b. Thermal potential storage
• Wind velocity

46. Classification of generating system (oct16)

• Constant speed –constant frequency system UNIT – II

• Variable speed –constant frequency system
• Variable speed – variable frequency system 1. Define solar energy.

47. What are the importance of Renewable energy • Energy from the sun is called solar energy.
(Apr14)(apr17)
2. What is diffuse radiation?
• It is renewable by nature again and again
• It will not pollute the environment • Diffuse radiation is that solar radiation
• Reduction in use of fossil fuels received from the sun its direction has been
changed by reflection & scattering by the
48. What are the disadvantages of Horizontal Axis atmosphere.
Wind Turbine (HAWT)? (Apr17)
3. What is global radiation?
• Complex design
• Complex yaw mechanism • The sum of the direct beam radiation and
• High cost wind turbine diffuse radiation flux is referred to as total or
global radiation.
49. What are the classifications of energy sources?
(Apr14) 4. Mention any two instrument used for
measurements of solar radiation.
(Apr13)(Apr14)(oct15)(Oct16)(Apr17)
Energy Resources
1.Based on Usability
• Pyranometer
• Primary energy resources
• Pyrheliometer
• Secondary energy resources
• Sunshine Recorder
2. Based on Traditional use
• Conventional energy resources
5. What are the applications of solar energy?
• Non- Conventional energy resources (Oct13)(Apr14)(Apr16)
3. Based on long term Availability

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 LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION

• Heating and cooling of residential building.

• Solar water heating. • Solar cooking is simplest, safest, most
• Solar Furnace convenient way to cook food without fuels.

6. What is the function of solar energy collectors?
(Oct12)(oct15)(oct16)
• A solar collector is a device for collecting solar
radiation and transfers the energy to fluid
passing in contact with it.
15. What is solar pond? (Apr15)
• Solar pond is a pool of salt water which acts as
large scale solar thermal energy collector with
integral heat storage for supplying thermal
energy.

7. Classify the type’s solar collectors. 16. Name three zones in solar pond.
Energy (Apr13) (Apr16)
• Non –concentrating (or) flat plate solar • Upper convective zone
collector. • Non convective zone
• Concentrating (focusing) types solar collector. • Lower convective zone

8. Compare flat plate collectors and concentrating 17. List any two advantages of solar pond.
type collector.
• It has very large heat collection area at low
Flat plate collector Concentrating type cost.
collector • Heat storage is massive, so no batteries or
other storages needed.
It is less efficient solar It is the most powerful type
collector of collector 18. What is the purpose of solar greenhouse? (oct12)
(Apr14))Apr15)
Maximum temperature of Fluid temperature up to
fluid is around 5000° C can be • A Greenhouse is a structure covered with
300°C achieved transparent materials that utilizes solar energy
to grow plants
• Greenhouse provides crop cultivation under the
It can be used in water It can be used in solar controlled environment
heating furnaces and solar power 19. What is the purpose of solar distillation?
plants (Apr13)(Apr15)

• The device which produces pure water by

using solar energy is called Solar distillation
9. What is the uses solar furnace?
• Solar distillation is used for water purification
by means of heat & solar radiation.
• Solar furnace is a structure that captures
20. What is distributed solar collector?
sunlight to produce high temperature usably for
industries.
• Individual solar collector modules
interconnected to a single power producing
10. What is solar cooker? (Apr17)
unit by means of a heat transfer medium. This
is known as distributed solar collector.
• Solar cooker is a device which uses the energy
of direct sun light to heat, cook the food.
21. What is solar radiation? (oct12)
11. What are the different types of solar cooker?
• Due its temperature, sun emits energy in the
form of electromagnetic waves which is called
• Flat plate box type
as radiation energy.
• Multi reflector type
• Parabolic disc concentrator type •
Diffuse radiation + Beam
radiation = Global Radiation
12. What are the limitations of solar cooker? or Solar Radiation

• Cooking time is more

• It has to cook accordingly to the sun shine UNIT – III
13. What are the components of solar water heater?
1. What are ocean energy resources? (oct13)(apr14)
• Solar hot water collector
Ocean energy resources includes
• Hot water tank
• Tidal Energy
• Pumps & controller
• Wave Energy
14. What is the importance of solar cooker? • Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)

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 LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
2. Define ocean energy. (oct16)
• The movement of water in the oceans creates a
vast storage of kinetic energy is called ocean
energy.
3. What is ocean thermal energy?
(oct12)(Apr15)(apr16)
• Sun’s heat warms the surface of the water more
than deep ocean water, due to this temperature
difference thermal energy occurs. This is
known as ocean thermal energy.
4. What is the working principle of ocean thermal
energy?
• Ocean thermal energy works in principle of
thermal conductivity, where surface water as
heat source and deep cold water as heat sink
due to this temperature difference ocean
thermal energy occurs.
5. List two advantages of ocean thermal energy.
(oct13)
• It will not pollute environment.
• This energy is produce all around the year in
any climate.
6. What are limitations of ocean thermal energy?
• It has lower capacity, need more technical
improvement for higher energy
• Production capacity.
• Power production depends on size and
geographical area of the power plant.
7. What are types of OTEC systems?
• Closed cycle systems
• Open cycle systems
• Hybrid systems
8. What are working fluids in OTEC? (oct16)
OTEC working fluids are,
• Ammonia
• Fluorinated carbons such as CFCS &HCFCs
• Pentane
9. What is tidal energy? (oct15)(apr16)
• Tidal energy is a form of hydropower that
converts the energy of tides into useful forms
of power mainly electricity.
10. List out any two merits of tidal energy. (oct16)
• It is inexhaustible sources of energy.
• The life of tidal energy power plant is very
long.
• The energy density of tidal energy is higher
than renewable energy.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
11. State any two limitations of tidal energy.
(oct15)(apr17)
• The high and low tides must reach16 feet.
• Construction cost is high.
• Limited availability of sites.
12. What is meant by wave machines?
• The device which is used to convert wave
energy into mechanical energy called wave
machines.
13. List out wave energy conversion device.
(oct15)(apr16)
• Oscillating water column
• Tapchan
• Pendulor device (or) dolphin type device.
14. Define photo voltaic effect. (oct16)
• A solar cell is a solid state electrical device that
converts the energy of light directly into
electricity is known as photovoltaic effect.
15. What is the function of solar photo voltaic system?
(oct15)
• Solar water heater circulation pumps.
• Earth quake monitoring systems.
16. List out any two types of solar cells.
(Apr13)(oct15)(oct16)
• Single crystal silicon cell
• Polycrystal silicon cell
• Ribbon silicon cell
• Amorphous silicon cell
17. What are the different applications of solar photo
voltaic system in rural area?
(Apr14)(oct12)(oct13)(Apr15) (apr16)
• Lighting and power supplies for remote
villages.
• Street lighting.
• Mini grids.
18. How are tides produced? Or what is the basic
principle of tidal energy? (oct12)(apr14)(apr17)
• The tide rise and fall of the water is
accomplished by periodic horizontal to and
from motion of water called tidal currents. The
tidal currents flow in horizontal direction and
have kinetic energy. This energy is called tidal
current energy.
19. What is OTEC? (Apr13)(apr17)
• OTEC is the abbreviation of Ocean Thermal
Energy Conversion
20. What is spring tide? (Apr13)
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 LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION

• The tidal spring is maximum on full moon and
new moon and such tides are called spring
tides.
21. What is the principle of solar PV system? (oct13)
• An electric field is created near the top surface
of the cell where these two terminals are
contact, called the PV junction. When
sunlight’s strikes the surface of the PV cell this
electric field provides momentum and direction
to light stimulated electrons. It results in a flow
of current when the solar cell is connected to
an electric load.
UNIT – IV
1. What are the applications of Bio-Energy?
• Converting biomass into liquid fuels for
transportation.
• Burning biomass directly, or converting it into
a gaseous fuel or oil, to generate electricity.
• Converting biomass into chemicals for making
products that typically are made from
petroleum.
2. What is Bio-Mass? (oct15)
• Biomass is biological material derived from
living, or recently living organisms.
3. Give examples for biomass.
• Wood, waste, aquatic plants and crops,
biodiesel, bio ethanol, Producer gas are
examples for biomass.
4. Define Photosynthesis.
(Apr13)(Apr14)(apr16)(apr17)
• Photosynthesis is a chemical process that
converts carbon dioxide into organic
Compounds by means of sugars, using energy
from sunlight.
• 6H2O + 6O2 C6H12O6 + 6O2
• Biomass crop consumes carbon dioxide and
produce oxygen.
• Easy availability and produce as renewable
resources.
7. What are energy recovery methods from urban
waste? Or what are the biomass conversion
technologies? (Apr14)(apr15)(apr16)
• Thermal conversion
• Biochemical method
• Thermo-chemical method
• Electrochemical method
8. What is pyrolysis?
• Pyrolysis is a process of chemical
decomposition of organic matter by means of
heat.
9. What is biomass gasification? (Apr15)(apr17)
• It is a thermo chemical process which converts
biomass materials into gaseous components.
10. What is biogas?(apr15)
• Biological breakdown of organic matter in the
absence of oxygen is known as Biogas.
11. Write the composition of biogas.
The compositions of biogas are follows,
• Methane (CH4) :40-70%
• Carbon dioxide (CO2):30-60%
• Hydrogen (H2): 0-1%
• Hydrogen sulfide(H2S):0-3%
12. What are types of biogas plants?
(Oct13)(apr13)(Apr14)(apr17)
• Floating-drum plants
• Fixed-dome plants
13. List out two advantages of floating drum biogas
plant.

• Construction is easy.
5. What are Bio-Mass resources?
(Apr13)(Apr14)(oct16)(apr17) • Low cost.

14. List out two advantages of fixed-dome biogas

• Pulp & paper (industry residues)
plants.
• Timber, wood etc..(forest residue)
• Leaves, wheat straw, rice straw ( agricultural
• No moving parts involved.
residue)
• Low initial cost.
• Saw dust, trunks, wood pallets (urban wood
• Long life span.
waste)
• Wheat grass, switch grass, bamboo (energy
15. State any two application of Bio-gas plant.
crop waste)
(Apr13)(Apr15)(oct16)
6. What are advantages of biomass?
Applications of Bio-gas plant are follows,
• Domestic cooking.
• It reduces climate change by reducing
• Drying grains in agriculture.
greenhouse gas emission.
• IC engines
• Fuel Cells

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 LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION

for improving energy efficiency with cost

16. What is biodiesel? (Oct12)(oct13)(oct15)
• Biodiesel is a renewable fuel produced from
vegetable oils and animal fat.
17. List out the advantages of biodiesel. (oct16)
• It is a clean burning fuel.
• It is safe compared to other fossil fuel.
• It does not emit toxic emissions.
benefit analysis and an action plan to reduce
energy consumption
3. What are the factors to be considered while
performing the bench marking?
• Scale of operation
• Vintage of technology
• Raw materials specifications and quality
• Product specifications and quality

18. What is biodiesel feedstock? 4. What are the parameters of Bench Marking?

• Biodiesel is made from soya bean oil, Recycled Bench Marking Parameters
cooking oil, Animal fats, other vegetable oils
like coconut oil etc…

19. What is thermo chemical process? (Oct12)

Gross Production related Equipment or Utility related
• This process converts biomass into a more
valuable or convenient product known as
• kWh/MT clinker or • kW/ton of
pyrolysis.
cement produced refrigeration (Air
20. What is gasification? (oct12)(oct13)(apr16) (cement plant) conditioning plant)
• kWh/kg yarn • kWh/litre in a
• The word gasification implies converting a produced (textile diesel power
solid or liquid into a gaseous fuel without unit) generation plant
leaving any solid carbonaceous residue
5. What are the types of Energy Audit?
21. What are all the liquid forms of biomass fuel?
(oct15)
Energy Audit
• Bio diesel
• Bio ethanol

22. What is meant by biomass liquefaction? (oct15)

Biomass liquefaction mainly takes place through two

Preliminary Detailed Energy
routes
Energy Audit Audit
• Liquefaction through pyrolysis process without
any gasification medium
• Liquefaction through methanol synthesis with
gasification medium Phase I – Pre Phase II – Phase III – Post
Audit Phase Audit Phase Audit Phase
23. State the types of Gasifier

• Downdraft type
• Updraft type 6. What is plant energy performance (PEP)?
• Cross draft type
• PEP is the measure of whether a plant is
UNIT – V now using more or less energy to
manufacture its products than it did in the
1. Define Energy management past.

(𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐘𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐭 – 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫’𝐬 𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲)

• The judicious and effective use of energy to PEP = ×𝟏𝟎𝟎
(𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐘𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐭
maximize profits and enhance competitive
position

2. Define Energy Audit 7. Define Production factor.

𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐘𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

• The verification, monitoring and analysis of Production factor =
𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐘𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
use of energy including submission of
technical report containing recommendations

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 LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION

8. What is meant by Fuel Substitution? 17. What is meant by combine cycle plant?

• Substituting the existing fossil fuels with more
efficient and less cost and less polluting fuel
such as natural gas , biogas.
• Example: Kerosene & LPG have substituted
soft coke in residential use
9. What are the ways of reducing Energy
Dependency?
• Energy Conservation & Energy Substitution
• In combined cycle plant, electric power is
produced using two heat engines in tandem as
prime movers. The heat discharged from one
heat engine is not wasted into the atmosphere
but serves as the sources for the next heat
engine.
18. Draw the T-S diagram of the combined cycle
power plant.

10. Give examples of energy substitution

Gas turbine
Temp
• Replacement of electric heaters by steam
Brayton Cycle
heaters ,T
• Replacement of steam based hot water by solar
system
Steam turbine
11. What are the characteristics of Good Energy Rankine Cycle
Audit Instruments?

• Portable & Durable

• Easy to operate `
• Inexpensive Entropy, S

12. Write any five names of Energy Audit

19. List out the energy management techniques?
Instruments?
• Analysis of Input
• Electrical measuring instrument
• Reuse of waste
• Combustion Analyzer
• Recycling of waste
• Lux meter
• Reduce cost
• Leak Detectors
• Reduce carbon
• Fyrite
• Reduce risk
13. What is meant by Energy Conservation?
20. What is the difference between Recycling of waste
& Reuse of waste?
• Energy conservation is the reduction of energy
consumption without affecting the quantity or
• Reuse is a • Recycling
quality of the production
action of using is the process of
14. What are the aspects of energy conservation? something again to converting waste
fulfill its original materials into new
• Economic Aspects purpose or different materials
function
• Environmental Aspects
• Conservation of non-renewable energy aspects
22. Define Boiler Efficiency
15. Write the principles of energy conservation?
(𝐇𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐥𝐮𝐢𝐝 )
• Recycling of waste Boiler efficiency =
(𝐇𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐮𝐞𝐥)
×𝟏𝟎𝟎
• Modernization of technology
• Waste heat utilization 23. What are the ways of improving boiler efficiency?
• Proper house keeping
• Use proper type of energy & fuel • Monitor feed water quality
• Cogeneration • Boiler sizing
• Proper operation and maintenance • Fuel quality
• Tube cleaning
16. Define Cogeneration • Blow down control

• A procedure for generating electric power and 24. What are the devices used for waste heat recovery
useful heat in a single installation unit is system (WHRS)?
known as cogeneration
• It is used to increase the efficiency of fuel • Regenerators
utilization • Heat pipe exchanger

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 10

 LAKSHMI AMMAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SUBJECT NAME: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION

• Economizer 26. Give any five approaches in energy conservation

• Recuperators in compressed air?
• Heat pumps
• Install a control system to coordinate multiple
25. Write the applications for Waste heat recovery air compressor
system? • Avoid over sizing
• Turnoff the backup air compressor until its
• Electricity generation needed
• Green houses • Reduce the air compressor discharge pressure
• Eco-Industrial parks to the lowest acceptable settings
• Mechanical works

27. Write down the energy cost formula for the following

1. Steam Cost = { Fuel cost × [ Steam Enthalpy – Boiler feed water Enthalpy] } / (1000 × True boiler
efficiency)
2. Compressed Air Cost = { Compressor shaft horse power × 0.76 × total operating hours × Aggregate
electric rate × % of time running × % of full load HP } / Motor efficiency
3. Electricity cost = No. Of units × Cost / unit

28. Draw the block diagram for combined cycle

power plant.

Fuel
Combustor
Air

Air Gas Turbine 3 Phase AC

G Output
Compressor

Generator

Feed HRSG-1
Water

Steam 3 Phase
Turbine
G AC Output

Generator

Feed HRSG - II Thermal

Water Output
Exhaust Steam

Exhaust
Gas

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Page 11