SYNTHESIS ESSAY

SUBMITTED BY:
YENA C. SENIO
LARA KAYE A. PAMATONG
ARJAY G. GALABIN
MARINELLE J. TENEBRO

SUBMITTED TO:
PRISCILLA T. ANOTADO
 Principles of TV Broadcasting
A standard television system involves equipment located at the source of production,
equipment located in the home of the viewer, and equipment used to convey the television
signal from the producer to the viewer. The purpose of all of this equipment, as stated in the
introduction to this article, is to extend the human senses of vision and hearing beyond their
natural limits of physical distance. A television system must be designed, therefore, to
embrace the essential capabilities of these senses, particularly the sense of visionand hearing
beyond their natural limits of physical distance. A television system must be designed,
therefore, to embrace the essential capabilities of these senses, particularly the sense
of vision. The aspects of vision that must be considered include the ability of the human
eye to distinguish the brightness, colours, details, sizes, shapes, and positions of objects in a
scene before it. Aspects of hearing include the ability of the ear to distinguish the pitch,
loudness, and distribution of sounds. In working to satisfy these capabilities, television
systems must strike appropriate compromises between the quality of the desired image and
the costs of reproducing it. They must also be designed to override, within reasonable limits,
the effects of interference and to minimize visual and audial distortions in the transmission
and reproduction processes. The particular compromises chosen for a given television
service—e.g., broadcast or cable service—are embodied in the television standards adopted
and enforced by the responsible government agencies in each country.

The history of broadcast television

The course starts with a review of television history. Concentrating on major milestones this
summary shows how technology evolved, conventions were set, and existing users were
catered for.

The principles of light, colour and sound

This section explains some of the basic principles of colour, light, and sound. It explains how
the eye and ear work, their advantages and deficiencies and how television capitalises on
them.

The basic video signal

This part of the course looks at how the basic video signal is formed, how compromises are
made, and how synchronisation is achieved.

Colour video and colour video standards

Part of the course explains how colour has been added to the basic monochrome signal.

Digital audio and video

This section explains the basic principles of digital audio and video signals.

Video and audio compression

This section explains the essentials of compression.

The video camera

This part of the course shows how the video camera works.

Video and audio recorders

This part of the course looks at how video and audio signal are recorded.

Programme making

This part of the course looks at how television programmes are made and the equipment
used:
Live programme making
TV News making
Transmission

High definition television

The final part of the course takes a look at, at how high definition television is beginning to
appear and how it will impact on programme making.

Here are the Special Program Principles of the of the satndards or television setting. First,
Violence it's physical or phycological should only portrated in a responsible manner and
shiuld not be used exploitatively.Violence and gore may be allowed; provided that their
depiction is not gratuitous and is justified by the context, narrative, or character
development; and taking into account the contemporary values and understanding of a
Filipino.
Second is the Drugs and Substance Abuse, the use of illegal drugs and other substance
abuse should not be encourage or shown as socially desirable.The non-gratuitous depiction
of drugs or their use may be allowed; provided that its depiction is justified by the context,
narrative, or character development; and taking into account the contemporary values and
understanding of Filipino viewer who is at least sixteen (16) years of age. The movie shall
not in any case promote, condone, and encourage drug use. And the third one is the Sexually
Oriented Material in evaluating programing and dealing with human sexuality, broadcasters
should consider the composition and expectations of the audience likely to be viewing or
lostening to their stations and/ot to patticular program, the context in which sensitive
material is presented and is scheduling.Sexual activity may be depicted; provided any
depiction does not contain graphic detail, and such depiction is not gratuitous and is justified
by the context, narrative, or character development; and taking into account the
contemporary values and understanding of a Filipino viewer. The last but not the least the
Endnote. This statement of principles is of necessity general. Used to store and organize
citation information and advisory rather than specific and restrictive.
 Theory of TV Broadcasting
Media theory refers to the comlex of social political-philosophical principles
which organize ideas about the relationship between meadia society.
Understanding the broadcast and network as distinct communicative architectures
also contains some fundemental distinctions about the kinds of communication effects
which are internal to them.
The two communication forms can be argued to be in the conteporary period.The
distinction between transmission and ritual communication is the one who provides a
useful to classify the different kinds or perspecrive on broadcasting media.
The media as an extended form of the social-the rise of"mass media".The
mass/elite model of society has been critizied by Maxist perspective on
communication and more within cultural studies. The Maxist critique label mass/elite
theory as an ideology on erasing a political class. Mass society sometimes accused of
homogenizing media forms themselves.
In the media society theorist the media represents and promotes the worst
problems of modernity and invokes a vision of society characterized by alientation,
absence of individuality,amorality,lack of religion,weak relationshipsand political
apathy.
The media is a marketing product and entertaining. Funcrionist sees that the
media is teaching what is virtuous and appropriate. There are fourfunctions for
society that the media.
 The first one is surveying the environment to give reports and informarion.We
are going to observe and survey the place so that we can give a report about the
happenings. Second, relaying replies to this infromation. Next is amusing and lastly
is transmitting traditions to upcoming generation, we should teach and inform the
young generations our philippine tradition so that we can presrve our culture and
tradision.
Critical political-economic theory it focuses on the primarily relation between
economic structure and dynamics of media. The media institution has tobe considered
as part of the economic system with close links to the political system.
A form of society increasingly organizing its relationships in media networks which
are gradually replacing or complementing the social netwroks of face to face
communication.
 ETHICAL STANDARDS OF TELEVISION
SETTING
In television setting, there are so many process that
should be done for a perfect program all throughout that includes
electrical methods. And in television, there are also
journalists that are present for public’s interest especially t.v
journalist delivers news stories.
There are many to follow in television setting that is ethical of the said journalistic
thing. Thhe following are some of the ethical standards of television that may result to a
better show up. First, impartiality and objectivity in reporting. Accuracy is at the heart of the
news television business. As we all know, journalists can’t always guarantee ‘truth’, but
getting the facts right is the cardinal standard of journaliism. We always need to strive for
accuracy, give all the relevant facts we have and ensure that they have been checked properly
and correctly. Second, ensuring neutrality. When taking two opponents unfairly, it is not an
act of a true journalist. We should not do bias and be balance. Hearing the other side should
be done to the other and refrain from commenting that may lead to serious argument. Third,
reporting on crime and safeguards to ensure crime and violence are not allowed. Specific care
must be taken not to broadcast visuals that can be prejudicial or inflammatory. Any kind of
video shown in the television should be appropriate, not to mislead the reaction or feelings
of the viewers that may sometimes include violence. Fourth, depiction of violence or
intimidation against women and children. Since women and
children are one of those people that should be protected who are
in different immoral deeds, we need to keep their privacy when is
needed especially if they’re involve in a certain media. Their faces
must not be revealed and names should not be shown in the
screen because their privacy needs to be respected. Fifth, sex and
nudity. News channels must ensure that they do not show, without morphing, nudity of the
woman or man form. They must not even show explicit images that is related to sexual
activities or violence because explicit acts and visuals do not slip into broadcast. This is to
perform decency to journalism. Sixth, privacy. From the word itself, this tackles about the
privacy of people that needs to be kept. Delivering news stories that even the private lives of
people which is included, is prohibited. This is only allowed if the journalist were given a
permission to report so. Seventh, endangering national security. There are many countries
that had their own national securities and media are prohibited to interfere for the country’s
safety. Also, when you had your report about a certain country, you should not disrespect
them and report facts. Eight, refraining from advocating or encouraging superstition and
occultism. In media, there should be no superstition and occultism be reported since the
audience and viewers are into news stories that is proven right and not stories that are only
people’s beliefs. Journalist delivers nothing but the truth and are accountable in any way.
Ninth, sting operation. This is also not to show the person who is involve if necessary or in
short, should be censored espeacially if it shows vulgarity that
even includes accidents. Tenth, corrigendum. People do have mistakes
just like television journalists. It is very hard to
start again when the program begins but before
mistakes happen. Mistakes should be correct
immediately not to confuse the audience. Lastly, viewers
feedback. When you do mistake, you can still improve. So from
the viewers feedbacks neither the negatives nor positives, you
need to accept it and develop it for yourself for a better result next time. Also, if they have
suggestions, you can allow yourself to listen on them.
People know that being a journalist is not that easy. It takes time and
attitude matters. This is the reason on why do we have such ethical
standards. It is to enhance and your performance in the television would be
almost perfect in the eyes of your audience. So as a journalist, you need to be smart and
accept these ethical standards as your lessons.

The Process of T.V Production

 You may think that television production is a relatively simple task. After all, you do
pretty well with your camcorder. When watching a newscast from the control room at a local
television station, however, you realize that television production involves much more than
just operating a camcorder. Even a seemingly simple production—such as a news anchor fi
rst introducing and then playing a videotape of the school principal
showing to parents and reporters the computer lab—involves a
great number of intricate operations by news production
personnel and the use of many sophisticated machines. A 55-
second chitchat between a TV news anchor in Portland and a
tennis star in London presents a formidable challenge even for highly experienced
production personnel. When watching television, viewers are largely unaware of such
production complexities. But as you can see, professional television production—regardless
of whether it is done in a television station or in the field—is a complex creative process in
which people and machines interact to bring a variety of messages and experiences to a large
audience. Even when involved in a relatively small production, you need to know what
machines and people are necessary to achieve a certain type of television communication and
how to coordinate the many creative and technical elements.

A system is a collection of elements that work together to achieve a specific purpose.

Each of the elements is dependent on the proper workings of all the others, and none of the
individual elements can do the job alone. The television system consists of equipment and
people who operate that equipment for the production of specific programs. Whether the
productions are simple or elaborate, or originate in the studio or in the field —that is, on
location—the system works on the same basic principle: the television camera converts
whatever it “sees” (optical images) into electrical signals that can
be temporarily stored or directly reconverted by the television set
into visible screen images. The microphone converts whatever it
“hears” (actual sounds) into electrical signals that can be
temporarily stored or directly reconverted into sounds by the
loudspeaker. In general, the basic television system transduces (converts) one state of energy
(optical image, actual sound) into another (electrical energy). The picture signals are called
video signals, and the sound signals are called audio signals. Any small consumer camcorder
represents such a system.
The major problem in learning about television production
is that to understand one speci fi c production tool or technique,
such as optimal lighting, you should already know the functions of
the lens, the iris, maximum and minimum aperture, and depth of fi
eld. In turn, you need to know something about how colored
light behaves before you can adequately understand how a camera or a color television
receiver works. Because I can’t cram all the necessary information into a single paragraph,
and you can’t learn the various production elements and operations all at once, we
compromise and begin this book with a broad overview of the television production system.
By viewing television production as a system, you will readily see the interconnections among
the various system elements, even when they are presented piecemeal.