1
The circle of life
Words and phrases
Lead in
1.01 recognise /"rek@gnaIz/ (v)
remember sb or sth you have
seen before ◆ I hadn’t seen Jack
for ten years but I recognised him
immediately.  recognition (n),
recognisable (adj)
1.02 skin tone /"skIn %t@Un/ (n)
colour of your skin ◆ My skin tone
is fair but my sister’s is quite dark.
1.03 tanned /t&nd/ (adj)
dark colour of your skin after
sitting in the sun ◆ Kate was
tanned after her beach holiday.
 tan (n, v)
1.04 curly /"k3:li/ (adj)
of hair that is not straight ◆ My
hair is straight but it always goes
curly after I’ve been in the rain.
 curl (n, v)
1.05 hazel /"heIzl/ (adj)
eye colour, greenish- or reddish-
brown
1.06 bushy /"bUSi/ (adj)
thick, often used to describe
eyebrows
1.07 hooked /hUkt/ (adj)
with a curved shape, often used to
describe a nose ◆ The old woman’s
hooked nose made her look quite
frightening to the children.  hook (n)
1.08 turned up /%t3:nd "Vp/ (adj)
shape of a nose that lifts a little at
the point
1.09 relative /"rel@tIv/ (n)
person who is part of your family
◆ A lot of my relatives have blond
hair and blue eyes.
1.10 similar to /"sIm@l@ t@/ (adj)
being like sb or sth else but not
exactly the same ◆ I’m quite
similar to my mother in looks. We
both have dark hair and blue eyes.
 similarity (n)
1.11 personality /%p3:s@"n&l@ti/ (n)
what is special about your
character that makes you different
from others ◆ He’s only four years
old but already has a personality of
his own.
1.12 sibling /"sIblIN/ (n)
a brother or sister
Reading
1.13 identical /aI"dentIkl/ (adj)
being exactly the same as sb or sth
else ◆ This homework is identical
to Gary’s. Did you copy it?
1.14 twin /twIn/ (n)
person born immediately before or
after sb else from the same mother
 twin (adj)
1.15 feature /"fi:Í@(r)/ (n)
part of the face such as eyes, nose,
etc. ◆ Her big, dark eyes are her
best feature.
1.16 inherit /In"herIt/ (v)
receive money after a person’s
death, often a relative’s. ◆ Molly
inherited a million pounds when her
grandfather died.  inheritance (n)
1.17 character /"k&r@kt@(r)/ (n)
personality
1.18 equally /"i:kw@li/ (adv)
when two things have the same
degree or level as each other ◆ The
two restaurants are equally good.
I’ve had excellent meals in both.
 equal (adj), equality (n)
FCE Result © Oxford University Press
1.19 raise /reIz/ (v)
bring up ◆ I was born in the UK
but raised in Canada.
1.20 genetically /Ù@"netIkli/ (adv)
having the same inherited
biological features ◆ Twins are
genetically the same but often have
different personalities.  gene (n),
genetic (adj), genetics (n pl)
1.21 behave /bI"heIv/ (v)
act ◆ The students behaved very
badly in Miss David’s class and
were sent home.  behaviour (n)
1.22 alike /@"laIk/ (adv)
similar ◆ Children are all alike.
They love sweet things.
1.23 contact /"kQnt&kt/ (n)
communication ◆ It’s important
to keep contact with friends when
they move away.  contact (v)
1.24 adoptive /@"dQptIv/ (adj)
having legally taken a child into
your family to bring up as your
own ◆ Adoptive parents usually
bring children up as if they were
their biological children.  adopt
(v), adopted (adj), adoption (n)
1.25 react to /ri"&kt %tu, t@/ (v)
do sth in response to an event or
situation ◆ Terry reacted badly to
his poor exam results. He got very
angry.  reaction (n), reactive (adj)
1.26 researcher /rI"s3:Í@(r)/ (n)
person who finds out things about a
particular subject.  research (n, v)
1.27 case /keIs/ (n)
real story or situation ◆ There have
been several cases of children found
living in forests with animals.
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1.28 apart /@"pA:t/ (adv)
separated, away from each other ◆ Lucy to a race across the fields.
My parents had to live apart when
my Dad was working in Germany.
1.29 coincidence
/k@U"InsId@ns/ (n)
two things happening at the same
time by chance ◆ Sue and Jenny
wore the same outfit to Sam’s
party. What a coincidence!
 coincidental (adj), coincide
(with) (v)
1.30 determine /dI"t3:mIn/ (v)
influence and direct
◆ Qualifications often determine
your future career.
1.31 mainly /"meInli/ (adv)
generally but not only ◆ The people
at the party were mainly Helen’s
friends but there were some of
Grant’s too.  main (adj)
1.32 treat /tri:t/ (v)
behave in a particular way towards
sb ◆ My penpal’s parents treated me
very kindly when I stayed with them
in France.  treatment (n unc)
1.33 surroundings
/s@"raUndINz/ (n pl)
everything around or near you
◆ I like my surroundings to be calm
and peaceful.  surrounding (adj),
surround (v), surrounded (adj)
1.34 take sth for granted
/%teIk ... f@ "grA:ntId/ (idm)
accept sth without thinking about
it ◆ We take air travel for granted
but a hundred years ago it wasn’t
possible.
1.35 unique /ju"ni:k/ (adj)
◆
being the only one Fingerprints
are unique to each person. No one’s
are the same.
1.36 fascinating /"f&sIneItIN/ (adj)
very unusual and interesting
 fascinate (v), fascination (n)
1.37 challenge /"Í&lInÙ/ (v)
Here: go against an idea ◆ Some
scientists say that the fact that
parts of the Arctic are getting colder
challenges the theory of global
warming. Usually: invite sb to fight
2 FCE Result © Oxford University Press
or compete ◆ James challenged
 challenge (n), challenging (adj)
1.38 notion /"n@USn/ (n)
idea ◆ At first people couldn’t
understand the notion that the
earth was round and not flat!
1.39 unnervingly
/%Vn"n3:vINli/ (adv)
strangely, upsettingly ◆ It was
unnervingly quiet in the forest
when I took the dog for a walk.
1.40 in terms of
/%In "t3:mz @v/ (phr)
when thinking about ◆ In
terms of enthusiasm she’s an
excellent student but in terms of
concentration she could improve!
1.41 mannerism /"m&n@rIz@m/ (n)
sth you do that you are often
unaware of ◆ Our teacher has a
mannerism. She always taps her
pen on the desk.
1.42 trait /treIt/ (n)
a special quality or part of your
personality My father and I share a
lot of personality traits.
1.43 occur /@"k3:(r)/ (v)
happen ◆ The power cut occurred
on Sunday lunchtime when
everyone was cooking!
 occurrence (n)
1.44 at random /@t "r&nd@m/ (phr)
without a particular reason ◆ The
teacher chose two girls at random
to help with the preparations for
the party.
1.45 regardless of
/rI"gA:dl@s @v/ (phr)
◆
not depending on Everyone goes
up to the next class regardless of
the results of the exams.
1.46 ethnic /"eTnIk/ (adj)
cultural or national ◆ Children from
many different ethnic groups attend
this college.  ethnically (adv)
1.47 DNA /%di: %en "eI/ (n)
genetic fingerprint ◆ The police
catch a lot of criminals by checking
their DNA.
1.48 stage /steIÙ/ (n)
Here: a step in a process ◆ There
are several stages in cooking this
dish. First is the preparation stage.
Usually: a place where actors
perform in a theatre.
1.49 pregnancy /"pregn@nsi/ (n)
the nine months during which a
baby grows inside a woman.
◆ Brenda had a bad pregnancy. She
was sick every day.  pregnant (adj)
1.50 aspect /"&spekt/ (n)
part of an idea or situation ◆ The
aspect of studying at university I
like most is the freedom to work
independently.
1.51 provide /pr@"vaId/ (v)
give ◆ When there was a delay at the
airport, the airline provided free drinks
and sandwiches.  provision (n)
1.52 attitude /"&tItju:d/ (n)
way you think about sth ◆ My
brother Mike has a good attitude to
studying. He says it’s his path to a
good future.
1.53 talent /"t&l@nt/ (n)
special ability ◆ I think people who
have a talent for something like
painting or singing are very lucky.
 talented (adj)
1.54 selection /sI"lekSn/ (n)
choice ◆ Have a chocolate. There’s
a good selection.  select (v),
selected (adj)
1.55 aging /"eIÙIN/ (n)
getting older ◆ More people are
worried about aging today than
ever before.
1.56 truly /"tru:li/ (adv)
really ◆ I truly believed in the Tooth
Fairy when I was younger!
1.57 reunite /%ri:ju:"naIt/ (v)
bring together after a separation
1.58 share /Se@(r)/ (v)
Here: have the same as sb else
◆ Because they had been to the same
school the boys shared the same
experiences. Usually: divide sth
between several people  share (n)
1.59 youngster /"jVNst@(r)/ (n)
young person
1.60 vacation /veI"keISn/ (n)
holiday h American English
1.61 sheriff /"SerIf/ (n)
officer of the law in America
1.62 migraine /"mi:greIn/ (n)
very bad headache
1.63 eerily /"I@rili/ (adv)
strangely and mysteriously
 eeriness (n), eerie (adj)
1.64 instance /"Inst@ns/ (n)
example ◆ There were several
instances last year of cheating in
sports competitions.
1.65 upbringing /"VpbrININ/ (n)
being brought up ◆ I had an
exciting upbringing in Australia.
1.66 janitor /"Ù&nIt@(r)/ (n)
caretaker, person whose job is to
look after a building h American
English
1.67 rural /"rU@r@l/ (adj)
being in the countryside ◆ My
parents decided to buy a house in a
rural area because it’s quieter.
1.68 factor /"f&kt@(r)/ (n)
sth that contributes to a result
◆ Before making a decision you have
to consider many different factors.
1.69 shape /SeIp/ (v)
influence the development of sth
or sb ◆ A person’s upbringing often
shapes his future life.  shape (n)
1.70 so far /%s@U "fA:(r)/ (adv)
until this point ◆ I haven’t done
any of my homework so far, but
I’m going to start this evening.
1.71 indicate /"IndIkeIt/ (v)
show ◆ These grades indicate that
you have been studying hard.
 indication (n), indicator (n)
Vocabulary
1.72 argumentative
/%A:gju"ment@tIv/ (adj)
often arguing ◆ Pete is so
argumentative. He never agrees
with anything!  argument (n),
argue (v)
1.73 arrogant /"&r@g@nt/ (adj)
believing and acting as if you are
better than others ◆ Mike is so
arrogant! He assumes he’ll come
top in the exams.  arrogance (n),
arrogantly (adv)
1.74 bossy /"bQsi/ (adj)
always telling others what to do
◆ When I was young my elder sister
was very bossy and I had to do
everything she said.  boss (n, v)
1.75 easy-going /%i:zi "g@UIN/ (adj)
relaxed and rarely getting angry
◆ Dad won’t mind if you borrow
the car. He’s very easy-going.
1.76 eccentric /Ik"sentrIk/ (adj)
acting differently from normal
people ◆ I have an aunt who is
quite eccentric. She always wears a
hat in bed!  eccentricity (n)
1.77 narrow-minded
/%n&r@U "maIndId/ (adj)
not tolerant of different behaviour
◆ My grandfather was a narrow-
minded person. He could never see
my dad’s point of view.
1.78 open-minded
/%@Up@n "maIndId/ (adj)
tolerant, accepting other ideas
1.79 sensible /"sens@bl/ (adj)
doing things for a good and logical
reason ◆ It’s sensible to take an
umbrella if it looks like rain.
 sense (n), sensibly (adv)
1.80 sensitive /"sens@tIv/ (adj)
reacting easily to emotional
situations ◆ Sensitive people often
cry at the end of sad films.  sense
(n), sensitivity (n), sensitively (adv)
1.81 perspective /p@"spektIv/ (n)
point of view ◆ If you look at the
problem from a different perspective
it’s not always so bad.
FCE Result © Oxford University Press
1.82 boast /b@Ust/ (v)
telling people good things about
yourself ◆ I know he’s clever but he
shouldn’t always boast about what
he’s done.  boast (n), boastful (adj)
1.83 modesty /"mQd@sti/ (n unc)
the fact of not telling everyone
about your achievements ◆ It’s
important for children to learn
modesty. People don’t always want
to hear about how clever you are!
 modest (adj)
1.84 do your own thing
/%du: jO:r %@Un "TIN/ (idm)
do what you want to without
worrying what people think
◆ Maria went to China to do her
own thing and loved it!
1.85 speak your mind
/%spi:k jO: "maInd/ (idm)
say what you think ◆ I always speak
my mind, but sometimes people just
don’t want to hear the truth.
1.86 offended /@"fendId/ (adj)
feel hurt by what sb says ◆ Our
teacher was really offended when
Tracy said her grandmother had
a dress like hers!  offence (n),
offensive (adj), offend (v)
Grammar
1.87 laptop /"l&ptQp/ (n)
computer you can carry around
1.88 tournament /"tU@n@m@nt/ (n)
competition where lots of games
are played in a short time period
1.89 take place /%teIk "pleIs/ (phr)
happen ◆ The concert will take
place in the school hall on Friday.
1.90 port /pO:t/ (n)
place where ships arrive and leave
◆ Southampton is a busy port with
many big cruise ships.
1.91 get hold of /%get "h@Uld @v/
(phr)
learn about ◆ A TV reporter got
hold of the story that Gran had
won the lottery.
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1.92 reckon /"rek@n/ (v)
think ◆ I reckon it’s going to rain
later on. Look at the sky.
h informal
1.93 guess /ges/ Here: (v)
think ◆ I guess I’ll see you at the
party. h informal Usually: think
of a possible answer.
1.94 face-lift /"feIs %lIft/ (n)
surgery on the face to make the
skin tighter ◆ Thousands of women
had face-lifts in the UK last year.
Everyone wants to look younger!
Listening
1.95 immortality /%ImO:"t&l@ti/ (n)
fact of living forever ◆ People have
been searching for the secret to
immortality for centuries.
 immortal (adj)
1.96 overcrowded
/%@Uv@"kraUdId/ (adj)
having too many people in a place
◆ I’m sorry, you can’t stay with us.
The flat is overcrowded already.
1.97 deal with /"di:l %wID/ (phr v)
take the right action in a situation
◆ The head teacher always deals
with problem students himself.
1.98 commit /k@"mIt/ (v)
do (a crime) ◆ Bruce committed
several serious crimes and is now
in prison.
1.99 pointless /"pOIntl@s/ (adj)
not having a good reason ◆ It’s
pointless waiting for Angela. She’s
going to be at least another hour.
 point (n)
1.100 wisdom /"wIzd@m/ (n unc)
knowledge that comes from
experience ◆ People say that wisdom
comes with age.  wise (adj), wisely
(adv)
1.101 current /"kVr@nt/ (adj)
of the moment ◆ I try to watch
the news every day to learn about
current events.  currently (adv)
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1.102 theory /"TI@ri/ (n)
idea or explanation for sth
◆ Whose theory about climate
change do you believe?
 theoretical (adj), theorise (v)
1.103 deteriorate /dI"tI@ri@reIt/ (v)
get worse ◆ My gran is 98 and her
health is deteriorating.
 deterioration (n)
1.104 cell /sel/ (n)
the smallest unit that our bodies
are built from ◆ White blood cells
help us fight illness.  cellular (adj)
1.105 in favour of
/%In "feIv@r @v/ (phr)
support ◆ Are you in favour of
wearing a school uniform? I think
it’s a terrible idea!
1.106 generation /%Ùen@"reISn/ (n)
people born at a similar time
◆ There were three generations
at my birthday party – my
grandparents, my parents, and me
and my cousins.
1.107 spiral out of control
/%spaIr@l %aUt @v k@n"tr2@Ul/ (phr)
increase, grow too quickly to
limit ◆ The young boy’s behaviour
spiralled out of control and his
parents didn’t know what to do
with him.
1.108 colonise /"kQl@naIz/ (v)
move people into new places,
e.g. countries, planets ◆ A few
centuries ago the big powers like
England and Spain colonised
countries in other continents.
 colony (n), colonial (adj)
1.109 entirely /In"taI@li/ (adv)
completely ◆ My cousin’s bedroom
floor was entirely covered with
clothes!  entire (adj), entirety (n)
Speaking
1.110 download /%daUn"l@Ud/ (v)
take material and information from
the Internet ◆ I downloaded some
great music last night. Would you
like to hear it?  download (n)
1.111 scenery /"si:n@ri/ (n unc)
natural features of an area that
are good to look at ◆ When we
travelled through the Alps the
scenery was fantastic! I love the
mountains and the snow.  scene
(n), scenic (adj)
1.112 spectacular
/spek"t&kj@l@(r)/ (adj)
amazing to look at ◆ The view
from our hotel window was
spectacular.  spectacle (n),
spectator (n)
1.113 plot /plQt/ (n)
story of a book, film or play ◆ I
loved the book. The plot was really
exciting.  plot (v)
1.114 solitary /"sQl@tri/ (adj)
liking to spend time alone ◆ Rita’s
a solitary person. I often see her
reading alone in the park.
 solitude (n), sole (adj)
1.115 achievement
/@"Íi:vm@nt/ (n)
sth good or difficult you succeed
in doing ◆ His greatest achievement
was climbing Mount Kilimanjaro
when he was only 15.  achieve
(v), achiever (n)
1.116 resort /rI"zO:t/ (n)
popular place to stay on holiday
◆ Bournemouth is a famous
seaside resort in England and it is
very busy throughout the summer
months.
1.117 pine /paIn/ (n)
tree with leaves that don’t fall and
which grows in cold climates
 pine (adj)
1.118 mountain range
/"maUnt@n %reInÙ/ (n)
group of mountains
1.119 reliable /rI"laI@bl/ (adj)
doing what others expect of you
◆ Our TV isn’t very reliable.
Sometimes the picture goes black
and white.  rely (on) (v),
reliability (n)
Use of English
1.120 stubborn /"stVb@n/ (adj)
refusing to do what you don’t
want to do ◆ I’ve tried to persuade
Nigel to come with us but he’s very
stubborn and says he won’t.
 stubbornness (n)
Vocabulary
1.121 probe /pr@Ub/ (n)
small unmanned spaceship
1.122 I can’t hear myself think!
/aI %kA:nt %hI@ maI%self "TINk/ (phr)
when sth is too loud ◆ The volume
was so high on the TV that I
couldn’t hear myself think!
1.123 van /v&n/ (n)
vehicle used to carry things ◆ He’s
a window cleaner now and he
keeps all his equipment in the back
of his van.
Review
1.124 exhausted /Ig"zO:stId/ (adj)
very tired ◆ I’m exhausted today
after that late night at the party.
 exhaustion (n), exhausting (adj)
1.125 fall out /%fO:l "aUt/ (phr v)
stop being friends ◆ I fell out
with Greta last month because
of something very silly and we
haven’t spoken since then.
Workbook
Reading
1.126 carry out /%k&ri "aUt/ (phr v)
do (a study or survey) ◆ Last
summer our class carried out a
survey on meals in the cafeteria.
1.127 period /"pI@ri@d/ (n)
length of time ◆ My grandparents
lived for a long period in South
America.  periodic (adj),
periodically (adv)
1.128 conscientious
/%kQnSi"enS@s/ (adj)
doing work well and on time Chris◆
is conscientious and won’t go out
until he’s finished his homework.
1.129 irritable /"IrIt@bl/ (adj)
easily annoyed ◆ Mum gets
irritable when she’s tired. Don’t
ask her any questions then!
 irritability (n), irritate (v)
1.130 correspond with
/kQrI"spQnd %WwID/ (v)
Here: match ◆ Your story about the
accident doesn’t correspond with
the other driver’s.  Usually: write
letters to  correspondence(n)
1.131 contradict /%kQntr@"dIkt/ (v)
say sth is different from what sb
else says ◆ Don’t ever contradict
the teacher. She’ll get angry!
 contradiction (n), contradictory
(adj)
1.132 differ /"dIf@(r)/ (v)
be different from ◆ The film of
Oliver Twist differs quite a lot
from the book.  different (adj),
difference (n), differentiate (v)
1.133 adulthood /"&dVlthUd/ (n)
state of being an adult
1.134 lessen /"lesn/ (v)
get smaller or fewer ◆ The number
of mistakes I make in English has
lessened over the last few months.
1.135 convinced /k@n"vInst/ (adj)
sure ◆ I’m convinced that Miss
Fuller has dyed her hair!
 convince (v), convincing (adj),
conviction (n)
1.136 question /"kwesÍ@n/ (v)
ask questions to discover the truth
◆ Don’t question my honesty! You
know I always tell the truth.
 question (n), questionable (adj),
questioning (adj)
1.137 notably /"n@Ut@bli/ (adv)
especially ◆ Sandy got good marks
in her exams, notably in Biology.
 notable (adj)
FCE Result © Oxford University Press
1.138 assert /@"s3:t/ (v)
emphasise, point out ◆ She
asserted that she hadn’t been there
when the crime happened.
 assertion (n), assertive (adj)
1.139 by consequence
/%baI "kQnsIkw@ns/ (adv)
as a result ◆ Our climate is getting
warmer and by consequence the ice
caps will soon melt.  consequently
(adv), consequent (adj)
1.140 evaluate /I"v&ljueIt/ (v)
think about and assess the value
of sth ◆ We’re having a meeting
later to evaluate the results of the
project.  evaluation (n)
1.141 data /"deIt@/ (n unc)
facts or information ◆ It’s
important to store data carefully so
that it can’t be lost or stolen.
1.142 focus on /"f@Uk@s %Qn/ (v)
concentrate on sth in particular
◆ I need to focus on improving my
English pronunciation. My accent is
very strong!
1.143 thorough /"TVr@/ (adj)
careful and complete ◆ The teacher
is very thorough when she tests us
in class and we have to answer lots
of questions.  thoroughly (adv)
1.144 self-disciplined
/%self "dIs@plInd/ (adj)
able to control how you do sth ◆ If
you want to work from home, you
have to be self-disciplined. It isn’t
easy to decide your own hours.
1.145 considerate
/k@n"sId@r@t/ (adj)
thinking about other people’s
feelings ◆ David is very considerate
and never says anything to hurt
other people.  consideration (n),
consider (v)
1.146 neuroticism
/njU@"rQtIsIz@m/ (n unc)
fact of worrying too much about
things ◆ His neuroticism was
making him very ill and he went
to see a psychotherapist.  neurotic
(adj), neurosis (n)
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1.147 tense /tens/ (adj)
not relaxed ◆ Maggie and Bill
had had an argument and the
atmosphere in the room was tense.
 tense (v), tension (n)
1.148 curious /"kjU@ri@s/ (adj)
interested in knowing about sth
◆ I’m curious about who Jackie is
taking to the concert.  curiosity
(n unc)
1.149 extroversion
/%ekstr@"v3:Sn/ (n unc)
the fact of being open and friendly
and enjoying going out with
people. ◆ Extroversion is a quality
that many film stars have.
 extrovert (adj)
1.150 assumption /@"sVmpSn/ (n)
belief not necessarily based on fact
◆ It was my assumption that all
the good students in the class were
going to university but two decided
not to.  assume (v)
1.151 on the contrary
/%Qn D@ "kQntr@ri/ (phr)
the opposite of what has just been
said ◆ I thought Ken liked Brad Pitt
films. On the contrary, he hates
them.
1.152 debunk /%di: "bVNk/ (v)
show an idea is wrong ◆ The
results debunk his theory. In fact,
they prove the opposite.
1.153 concept /"kQnsept/ (n)
idea ◆ The concept of time travel is
impossible to understand!
 conceive (v), conception (n),
conceptual (adj)
1.154 tend /tend/ (v)
likely to do sth ◆ Children of
artistic parents tend to be artistic
themselves.  tendency (n)
1.155 mature /m@"ÍU@(r)/ (v)
become adult in the way you think
and act ◆ Young people mature at
an earlier age than before.
 maturity (n), mature (adj)
1.156 carer /"ke@r@(r)/ (n)
person who looks after sb
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1.157 decline /dI"klaIn/ (v)
get smaller ◆ The number of
people coming here on holiday has
declined over the last two years.
1.158 consistent /k@n"sIst@nt/ (adj)
staying the same ◆ My end of
term marks have been consistent
this year.  consistency (n),
consistently (adv)
1.159 demonstrate
/"dem@nstreIt/ (v)
show ◆ Keira Knightley demonstrated
her acting ability in the Jane
Austen film.  demonstration (n),
demonstrative (adj)
1.160 apparent /@"p&r@nt/ (adj)
clear, easily seen ◆ He’s moving his
whole family to France. It’s apparent
that he no longer wants to live in
England.  apparently (adv)
1.161 throw doubt on
/%Tr@U "daUt %Qn/ (phr)
make sth less believable ◆ The
result of the last match throws
doubt on whether the club can win
the championship.
1.162 issue /"ISu:/ (n)
point, question ◆ There are a lot of
issues that need to be discussed at
the meeting.
1.163 debate /dI"beIt/ (v)
discuss ◆ Politicians are still
debating the problem of how to
control pollution.  debate (n),
debatable (adj)
Vocabulary
1.164 mutual /"mju:Íu@l/ (adj)
sth shared ◆ My brother and I have
a mutual fear of the dark.
1.165 seize the chance
/%si:z D@ "ÍA:ns/ (phr)
take and use an opportunity
◆ When the teacher gave the students
the day off Laura seized the chance
to go to London to visit her brother.
Grammar
1.166 glove /glVv/ (n)
covering for hands in cold weather
1.167 tracksuit /"tr&ksu:t/ (n)
special top and trousers you wear
for sport
1.168 gap year /"g&p %jI@(r)/ (n)
year that students often take off
between the end of school and the
start of university.
1.169 promote /pr@"m@Ut/ (v)
give sb a higher position at work
◆ Jack has just been promoted to
manager.  promotion (n)
1.170 suit you down to the ground
/%su:t ju: %daUn t@ D@ "graUnd/
(phr)
be exactly right for you ◆ The
new flat suits Fiona down to the
ground. It’s near the shops, her
work and opposite a park.
Listening
1.171 cornflakes /"kO:nfleIks/ (n)
breakfast cereal
1.172 impress /Im"pres/ (v)
make sb notice sth ◆ Her acting
in the play really impressed me. It
was excellent.  impressive (adj),
impression (n)
1.173 lack /l&k/ (v)
not have enough of sth ◆ I’d like to
work in films but I lack the ability
to be really successful.  lack (n)
1.174 gain /geIn/ (v)
get more of sth ◆ He gained a lot
of experience by working in the
USA for a year.
1.175 confidence /"kQnfId@ns/ (n)
belief in your own ability ◆ Ben
hasn’t got enough confidence to
speak in front of a lot of people.
 confident (adj), confidential (adj)

Wild
Words and phrases
Lead in
2.01 insulated /"InsjuleItId/ (adj)
protected to prevent heat getting
out ◆ The house is well insulated
against the cold and stays very
warm.  insulation (n)
2.02 isolated /"aIs@leItId/ (adj)
on your own, away from other
buildings or people ◆ The village is
very isolated. The nearest town is
fifteen miles away.  isolation (n)
2.03 cosmopolitan
/%kQzm@"pQlIt@n/ (adj)
having an international feeling
◆ London is a cosmopolitan city with
inhabitants and vistors from many
different cultures and countries.
2.04 urban /"3:b@n/ (adj)
of a city ◆ Zoe couldn’t live in the
countryside – she has a very urban
lifestyle.
Reading
2.05 on all fours
/%Qn %O:l "fO:z/ (phr)
using hands and feet to walk
◆ Scientists say that a long time ago
early humans used to walk on all
fours.
2.06 herd /h3:d/ (n)
a group of animals such as cows ◆
There is a herd of cows in the field
by the motorway.  herd (v)
2.07 herbivore /"h3:bIvO:(r)/ (n)
animal that only eats grass and other
plants ◆ Cows are herbivores and
never eat meat.  herbivorous (adj)
2.08 palm /pA:m/ (n)
flat, inner part of the hand below
the fingers ◆ People say that the
lines on your palm show your
future.
2.09 shepherd /"Sep@d/ (n)
person whose job is to look after
sheep
2.10 capture /"k&pÍ@(r)/ (v)
take an animal from freedom ◆ The
bird escaped from the cage but was
quickly captured again.  captive (n),
captivity (n)
2.11 claim /kleIm/ (v)
say sth happened but we don’t
know if it is true or not ◆ Many
people claim that they have seen
UFO but nothing has ever been really
proven.  claim (n)
2.12 upright /"VpraIt/ (adv)
standing straight with head up, not
bending ◆ Monkeys walk upright a
lot of the time.
2.13 familiar (with)
/f@"mIli@ (%wID)/ (adj)
knowing and understanding I’m ◆ a large number of ◆ The results
not familiar with the language of
the country but I can always learn.
 familiarity (n), familiarisation
(n unc)
2.14 feral /"fer@l/ (adj)
wild, living away from civilisation
◆ There are a lot of feral cats in the
area. They run away if you go close.
2.15 ape /eIp/ (n)
large member of the monkey
family
2.16 fictional /"fIkS@nl/ (adj)
not real, imagined ◆ Sherlock
Holmes was a fictional detective
created by the writer Conan Doyle.
 fiction (n), fictitious (adj)
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2
2.17 folklore /"f@UklO:(r)/ (n)
traditional stories of a country
◆ According to folklore you must
walk round the tree three times at
midnight if you want to be rich.
2.18 firewood /"faI2@wUd/ (n unc)
pieces of wood used for burning in
a fire ◆ We got six bags of firewood
from the tree that blew down in the
storm.
2.19 summon /"sVm@n/ (v)
call sb to help you ◆ The Prime Minister
summoned his advisors to discuss the
problem with him.  summons (n)
2.20 identify /aI"dentIfaI/ (v)
know and say who a person is
◆ The dead body was finally
identified by a relative.It was
Sarah Briars.  identification (n),
identifiable (adj), identity (n)
2.21 pack /p&k/ (n)
group of animals such as wolves
or dogs ◆ Wolves usually hunt in a
pack, not alone.
2.22 host of /"h@Ust @v/ (n)
were examined by a host of experts.
2.23 genuine /"ÙenjuIn/ (adj)
real, not fake ◆ The diamonds in
Janine’s necklace are genuine and
worth a lot of money.  genuinely (adv)
2.24 eye contact /"aI %kQnt&kt/ (n)
looking into another person’s eyes
◆ Students avoid eye contact with
a teacher if they don’t know the
answer to a question.
2.25 approach /@"pr@UÍ/ (v)
go up to sb ◆ A police officer
approached me outside the
supermarket and asked if I had
seen a man running away.
 approach (n), approachable (adj)
1
2.26 anthropologist
/%&nTr@"pQl@ÙIst/ (n)
person who studies the history and
development of human life
 anthropology (n)
2.27 gazelle /g@"zel/ (n)
small deer that is elegant and fast
2.28 twitch /twIÍ/ (v)
quick movement of part of the
body such as the nose, sometimes
one that you cannot control
◆ The dog’s nose twitched when he
smelled the rabbit.  twitch (n)
2.29 jeep /Ùi:p/ (n)
strong vehicle that can drive
across rough ground ◆ The tourists
travelled by jeep to see the wild
animals.
2.30 leap /li:p/ (n)
jump a long way ◆ With one leap
the tiger was on top of the car.
 leap (v)
2.31 record /"rekO:d/ (n)
written information ◆ There are no
records of people living over the age
of 125.  record (v)
2.32 companion /k@m"p&ni@n/ (n)
person who travels or stays with
you and stops you being alone
◆ My gran says her cat is a good
companion and she never feels
alone when she’s in the house with
her.  companionship (n unc),
companionable (adj), company
(n), accompany (v)
2.33 leopard /"lep@d/ (n)
animal from the cat family with
black spots
2.34 barely /"be@li/ (adv)
hardly, with difficulty ◆ We could
barely see the trees in the garden
because of the fog.  bare (adj),
bare (v)
2.35 keep up /%ki:p "Vp/ (phr v)
walk or run at the same speed as
sb ◆ Paul was walking so fast I
couldn’t keep up. h followed by
with
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2.36 right angle /"raIt %&Ngl/ (n)
space of 90 degrees (a quarter
of a circle) between two lines or
surfaces that join ◆ He lay on his
back with his arms raised at right
angles to his body.
2.37 pad /p&d/ (n)
the soft part under the foot of a
cat, dog, etc. ◆ The dog had a piece
of glass in the pad of its front foot.
 pad (v)
2.38 tough /tVf/ (adj)
strong and hard ◆ You can’t break
this glass, it’s very tough.  toughen
(v)
2.39 come upon
/"kVm @%pQn/ (phr v)
find by chance ◆ While we were
walking in the forest we came upon
a deer that had been hurt.
2.40 naked /"neIkId/ (adj)
with no clothes on ◆ I slept naked
because it was so hot in the room.
2.41 cardboard /"kA:dbO:d/ (n)
material made of thick paper ◆ The
children built a play house out of
cardboard boxes.
2.42 protection /pr@"tekSn/ (n unc)
state of being looked after, kept out
of danger ◆ On this coast there is
no protection from the strong winds
that come across the sea.  protect
(v), protector (n), protective (adj)
2.43 region /"ri:Ù@n/ (n)
area ◆ The Lake District is a region
in the north-west of England.
 regional (adj)
2.44 milk tooth /"mIlk %tu:T/ (n)
first tooth that comes out and is
later replaced by another stronger
tooth ◆ My sister lost all her milk
teeth by the age of six.
2.45 orphanage /"O:f@nIÙ/ (n)
place where children with no
parents live ◆ After his parents were
killed the young boy lived in an
orphanage for ten years.  orphan
(n), orphaned (adj)
2.46 remote /rI"m@Ut/ (adj)
long way from places where other
people live ◆ Our teacher used to
live in a remote part of Wales.
It was an hour from the nearest
town!
Vocabulary
2.47 landscape /"l&ndskeIp/ (n)
everything you can see in a large
area of land ◆ The landscape was
very dramatic with mountains and
fast rivers.
2.48 dune /dju:n/ (n)
small hill of sand formed by the
wind, near the sea or in a desert
2.49 lagoon /l@"gu:n/ (n)
area of salt water nearly closed off
from the sea
2.50 valley /"v&li/ (n)
area of low land between two hills
or mountains ◆ A beautiful river
ran through the valley to the sea.
2.51 jungle /"ÙVNgl/ (n)
area of tropical forest ◆ People can
easily get lost in the jungle.
2.52 plain /pleIn/ (n)
large flat area of land
2.53 hedge /heÙ/ (n)
small trees grown together to
separate gardens or fields ◆ My dad
has to cut the hedge every summer
because it grows so high.
2.54 waterfall /"wO:t@fO:l/ (n)
place where a river falls over a cliff
◆ Angel Falls is the tallest waterfall
in the world.
2.55 kayaking /"kaI&kIN/ (n)
sport where you move across water
in small canoe-like boats
Grammar
2.56 survival /s@"vaIvl/ (n)
staying alive in a difficult situation
◆ There are many stories of survival
after terrible accidents in the
mountains.  survivor (n), survive (v)
2.57 wilderness /"wIld@n@s/ (n)
area of land that has never been
developed because life there would
be too hard ◆ Adventurers love to
explore the wilderness.
2.58 deserted /dI"z3:tId/ (adj)
empty of people ◆ The village was
deserted when we arrived. Everyone
had left.  desert (n), desert (v)
2.59 broken-down
/%br@Uk@n "daUn/ (adj)
of a vehicle, stopped, impossible
to drive ◆ The road through
the mountains was terrible
and we passed several broken-
down vehicles which had been
abandoned.  break down (phr v)
2.60 priority /praI"Qr@ti/ (n)
most important thing to consider
◆ After the long walk in the cold
our first priority was to have a hot
drink.  prioritise (v)
2.61 civilisation /%sIv@laI"zeISn/ (n)
buildings and people ◆ We broke
down in the desert, miles away
from civilisation.  civilise (v),
2.62 postpone /p@"sp@Un/ (v)
delay sth until a later time ◆ I
postponed starting my homework
until Sunday morning when the
house was quiet.  postponement (n)
2.63 shelter /"Selt@(r)/ (n)
sth to keep you dry and safe ◆
I remember building a shelter in
the forest to play in when we were
children.  shelter (v)
2.64 enlarge /In"lA:Ù/ (v)
make bigger ◆ Can you enlarge this
photo for me? I’d like to put it on
the wall.  enlargement (n)
2.65 vegetation
/%veÙ@"teISn/ (n unc)
plants ◆ The area was covered with
vegetation of different types and
colours.  vegetate (v)
2.66 moisture /"mOIsÍ@(r)/ (n)
small drops of water  Sometimes in
winter there is moisture on the inside
of the bedroom windows in the
morning.  moist (adj), moisten (v)
2.67 appetising /"&pItaIzIN/ (adj)
looking good to eat ◆ The dinner
was very appetising and we really
enjoyed it.  appetite (n)
2.68 face /feIs/ (v)
tolerate ◆ I can’t face eating a fried
breakfast early in the morning.
2.69 raw /rO:/ (adj)
uncooked ◆ I can’t eat raw fish. It
makes me feel sick!
2.70 worm /w3:m/ (n)
small snake-like creature with no
arms or legs that lives in the earth
◆ Some fishermen use worms to
catch fish.
2.71 nourishing /"nVrISIN/ (adj)
of food, healthy and good for
you ◆ Fast food is tasty but not
especially nourishing.  nourish
(v), nourishment (n)
2.72 dare /de@(r)/ (v)
be brave enough to do sth difficult
◆ None of my friends dared climb
the school wall when we were
young.We were too frightened of
the teacher!  dare (n), daring (adj)
2.73 signal /"sIgn@l/ (v)
make a sign to attract people ◆ The
policeman signalled to us to stop
the car.  signal (n)
2.74 poisonous /"pOIz@n@s/ (adj)
dangerous if eaten ◆ Did you know
that chocolate is poisonous for
dogs? They can die if they eat a
small piece.  poison (n, v)
Listening
2.75 therapy /"Ter@pi/ (n)
set of activities or treatment that
can help if you have a problem
◆ Some criminals need therapy
because they have serious problems.
 therapist (n)
2.76 troubled /"trVbld/ (adj)
having problems, worrying about
things ◆ Many troubled young
people find help at special centres
in the community.  trouble (n, v),
troubling (adj)
FCE Result © Oxford University Press
2.77 nomadic /n@U"m&dIk/ (adj)
not having a fixed home ◆ There
are many nomadic people who live
in the deserts of the world.
 nomad (n)
2.78 in short /%In "SO:t/ (phr)
to summarise ◆ This month I’ve
bought a car, been on holiday and
redecorated the house: in short, I’ve
spent too much!
2.79 key /ki:/ (adj)
most important ◆ There are two key
points we need to discuss first – we
can talk about the others later.
 key (n)
2.80 value /"v&lju:/ (n)
Here: sth important in life ◆ Young
people today have different values
to their parents. Usually: how much
sth is worth  value (v), valuable
(adj), valued (adj)
2.81 respect /rI"spekt/ (n unc)
polite behaviour towards sb
that you think is important ◆ It’s
important to teach children to show
respect for other people.  respect
(v), respectable (adj)
2.82 trust /trVst/ (n unc)
belief that sb will do what he/she
says ◆ Trust is very important in a
relationship. You have to believe
each other.  trust (v), trusting
(adj), trustworthy (adj)
2.83 compassion
/k@m"p&Sn/ (n unc)
feeling for and desire to help those
who have problems or who have
less than you have ◆ He showed
his compassion by giving a million
pounds to help rebuild the homes
after the floods.  compassionate
(adj), compassionately (adv)
2.84 resolve /rI"zQlv/ (v)
find an answer to ◆ Countries
need to resolve their differences
and work together to fight global
warming.  resolution (n)
2.85 out of /"aUt @v/ (phr)
have no more ◆ We’re out of bread,
can you buy some later?
3
2.86 abusive /@"bju:sIv/ (adj)
saying bad things about other
people to their face ◆ Bill was very
abusive to his parents when he was
younger and often got punished for
it.  abuse (n, v)
2.87 foul-mouthed
/%faUl "maUDd/ (adj)
using bad language ◆ Older people
often get upset by the foul-mouthed
characters that appear on TV these
days.
2.88 ill-disciplined
/%Il "dIs@plInd/ (adj)
likely to behave badly because of
not having had good discipline
from a parent ◆ Many children are
ill-disciplined and cause problems
in school.
2.89 cadet /k@"det/ (n)
person who is training to become
an officer in the police force
2.90 goth /gQT/ (n)
person who follows the fashion of
wearing black and white make-up
and black clothes  gothic (adj)
2.91 piercing /"pI@sIN/ (n)
jewellery worn through a hole in
the skin. ◆ At our school you’re not
allowed to have piercings. They
make you take them out.  pierce
(v), pierced (adj)
2.92 glow /gl@U/ (n)
warm brightness ◆ I like the glow
of candles around the room. It’s
a very gentle light.  glow (v),
glowing (adj)
2.93 cot /kQt/ (n)
bed for a baby ◆ My baby brother
always sleeps on his back in his cot.
2.94 archbishop /%A:Í"bIS@p/ (n)
person with a high position in the
church.
2.95 arch criminal
/%A:Í "krImInl/ (n) famous criminal
2.96 desperate /"desp@r@t/ (adj)
needing sth very much ◆ I’m
desperate to pass this exam. I’ll
stay up all night if I have to!
 desperation (n)
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2.97 end up /%end "Vp/ (phr v)
find yourself in a situation after a
series of events ◆ He was arrested
several times and ended up in
prison for two years.
2.98 gutter /"gVt@(r)/ (n)
Here: bad social conditions
connected with the lowest level of
society ◆ If you don’t get a job and
take responsibility for your life,
you’ll end up in the gutter. Usually:
the side of the road where the
water runs
2.99 benefit /"benIfIt/ (n)
good point, effect ◆ The benefit of
working abroad is that you learn a
new language quickly.  beneficial
(adj), benefit (v)
2.100 short-lived /%SO:t "lIvd/ (adj)
not lasting for a long time ◆ The
effects of the medicine were short-
lived and I had to take more.
2.101 self-esteem /%self I"sti:m/ (n)
belief, pride in yourself ◆ He had
lost his self-esteem after a series of
business ventures failed.
2.102 setback /"setb&k/ (n)
sth that stops your progress
◆ When we started the business
we had a big setback when we lost
an important client but we worked
hard to attract new ones.
2.103 last chance
/%lA:st "ÍA:ns/ (n)
final opportunity to do sth ◆ I’m
not going to ask you again. This is
your last chance! Do you want to
come with us or not?
Speaking
2.104 dense /dens/ (adj)
thick ◆ It was difficult to see
anything in the dense fog.  density
(n unc), densely (adv)
2.105 in single file
/%In %sINgl "faIl/ (phr)
in a line, one person behind
another ◆ We crossed the narrow
bridge in single file.
2.106 sweaty /"sweti/ (adj)
wet because of the heat, or after
vigorous exercise ◆ The footballers
were sweaty after the game.
 sweat (n unc, v)
2.107 edge /eÙ/ (n)
where a surface finishes ◆ It’s
a shame that the edge of this
photograph is torn.  edge (v),
edgy (adj)
2.108 steep /sti:p/ (adj)
a sharp incline ◆ The hill was very
steep and the car had a problem
going up it.
2.109 phobia /"f@Ubi@/ (n)
strong fear ◆ I’ve got a phobia
about spiders. I can’t bear to be
in the same room as one.  phobic
(adj)
2.110 gloomy /"glu:mi/ (adj)
dark ◆ Without a light the room
was very gloomy.  gloom (n),
gloomily (adv)
2.111 humid /"hju:mId/ (adj)
damp and hot ◆ The weather was
very uncomfortable – it was really
humid and I had to keep wiping
my face.  humidity (n)
2.112 itch /IÍ/ (v)
need to rub the skin because it
irritates ◆ I’m allergic to the metal
in this ring and my finger itches
badly.  itch (n), itchy (adj)
Use of English
2.113 addicted to
/@"dIktId %tu:, t@/ (adj)
unable to stop doing sth ◆ My
uncle’s been addicted to cigarettes
since he was twenty.  addiction
(n), addict (n), addictive (adj)
2.114 hooked on /"hUkt %Qn/ (adj)
addicted to h informal
2.115 carnival /"kA:nIvl/ (n)
festival where people move
through the streets ◆ The children
love to watch the carnival go past
our house. They wave and cheer.
2.116 activist /"&ktIvIst/ (n)
person with a strong belief who
acts to help change things
◆ Animal rights activists let all the
animals out of a laboratory last
night.  act (v)
2.117 concerned /k@n"s3:nd/ (adj)
worried ◆ I’m very concerned about
Abby. She hasn’t been eating well
for a week.  concern (n)
2.118 reject /rI"Ùekt/ (v)
say no to sb or sth ◆ I was very
upset when the university rejected
ny application but I’ll try again
next year.  reject (n), rejection(n)
2.119 lose touch with
/%lu:z "tVÍ %wID/ (idm)
lose contact with ◆ I’ve lost touch
with most of my friends from
primary school. It’s a real pity.
2.120 welfare /"welfe@(r)/ (n unc)
general health and happiness of
people or animals ◆ The welfare
of the people who have lost their
homes is most important. They
need food and shelter.
2.121 cub /kVb/ (n)
baby bear
2.122 misery /"mIz@ri/ (n unc)
great unhappiness ◆ The closure of
the factory caused a lot of misery in
the community. Many people had
no employment.  miserable (adj)
2.123 bit of a handful
/%bIt @v @ "h&ndfUl/ (phr)
a little difficult to control ◆ You were
a bit of a handful when you were a
child. You never did what I told you!
2.124 bruise /bru:z/ (n)
blue-black mark on the skin ◆ I’ve
got a big bruise on my arm after
I fell off my bike.  bruise (v),
bruised (adj), bruising (adj)
Vocabulary
2.125 card /kA:d/ (n)
piece of hard paper with a number
or a picture on used in a variety of
games ◆ We always play cards in
the evening. I’m very unlucky and
never win!
2.126 break out
/%breIk "aUt/ (phr v)
start ◆ A fight broke out outside
the nightclub but the police didn’t
know why it started.
2.127 pigeon /"pIÙIn/ (n)
bird often found in parks and
sometimes used for racing long
distances ◆ It used to be a popular
hobby for people to keep racing
pigeons but now there aren’t so
many.
2.128 threaten /"Tretn/ (v)
say sth bad will happen if sb
doesn’t do what you want ◆ My
mum threatened to make me
miss the party if I didn’t finish
my homework.> threat (n),
threatening (adj)
2.129 go on strike
/%g@U %Qn "straIk/ (v)
stop work to force employers to
do sth ◆ Workers at the factory
went on strike when their holiday
allowance was reduced.
2.130 gather /"g&D@(r)/ (v)
come together ◆ A group of people
gathered near the scene of the
accident.  gathering (n)
2.131 spellbound
/"spelbaUnd/ (adj)
unable to speak or move because
of sth amazing that you are
watching ◆ When I was a child I
remember being spellbound when
I saw the ballet Swan Lake. It was
incredible!
FCE Result © Oxford University Press
Writing
2.132 volunteer /%vQl@n"tI@(r)/ (n)
a person who helps others for no
salary ◆ The hospital is looking for
volunteers to visit and talk to the
people who are ill.  volunteer (v),
voluntary (adj)
2.133 archaeological
/%A:ki@"lQÙIkl/ (adj)
connected to the study of old
places and things ◆ They found
some fascinating archaeological
remains in that old Roman
village.  archaeology (n unc),
archaeologist (n)
2.134 dig /dIg/ (n)
organised uncovering of buildings
and things from the past ◆ I went
on a dig in Italy when I was
a student. We uncovered some
amazing pieces of pottery.
2.135 expedition /%eksp@"dISn/ (n)
organised journey to find or
experience unusual things ◆ Katy’s
dad went on an expedition across
the Antarctic. They saw some
incredible sights.
2.136 process /"pr@Uses/ (n)
a way of doing sth ◆ The process of
applying to university is quite easy
but it’s a good idea to get some
advice.  process (v), procedure (n)
2.137 team player
/%ti:m "pleI@(r)/ (n)
a person who works with others
to achieve results ◆ If you work for
this company you must be a team
player and prepared to work with
others.
2.138 query /"kwI@ri/ (n)
a question ◆ I have a query about
the project. Can we work together
or should we work alone?
 query (v)
2.139 involve /In"vQlv/ (v)
include, mean ◆ The job involves
communicating with clients on
the phone and by email and some
administrative work too. h often
followed by –ing form
 involvement (n)
5
2.140 cope (with)
/"k@Up (%wID)/ (v)
deal successfully with sth difficult
◆ The work at college was harder
than at school but I coped with it.
2.141conservation
/%kQns@"veISn/ (n unc)
protection of the natural
environment ◆ There are many
conservation groups who are trying
to stop overdevelopment of natural
areas.  conserve (v)
2.142 access /"&kses/ (n)
way of getting to a place ◆ The
only access to this area is by
helicopter.  accessible (adj),
access (v)
2.143 desirable /dI"zaI@r@bl/ (adj)
needed, wanted ◆ An interest in
history is desirable for anyone who
wants to work in a museum.
 desire (n, v)
2.144 interact with
/%Int@r"&kt %wID/ (v)
communicate with ◆ The best
teachers interact well with their
students and don’t only lecture
them.  interaction (n unc),
interactive (adj)
2.145 burglar /"b3:gl2@(r)/ (n)
person who enters other people’s
houses to steal things  burgle (v),
burglary (n)
2.146 tap /t&p/ (v)
hit very lightly ◆ Len tapped on my
window to wake me up.  tap (n)
2.147 bank balance
/"b&Nk %b&l@ns/ (n)
amount of money you have in the
bank ◆ My bank balance was very
low last month before I put in my
salary cheque.
2.148 on top of the world
/%Qn %tQp @v D@ "w3:ld/ (phr)
◆
very happy Jan’s been feeling on
top of the world since Mike asked
her out!
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Workbook
Reading
2.149 hunt /hVnt/ (v)
chase wild animals in order to
kill them ◆ Some people still hunt
tigers in India, although it’s illegal
because there are so few of them
left.  hunt (n), hunter (n)
2.150 prey /preI/ (n)
animal that is hunted by another
◆ Small animals are often the prey
of larger birds. 
2.151 back /b&k/ (v)
◆
go backwards He saw the snake
and backed out of the room.
2.152 outrun /%aUt"rVn/ (v)
run faster than ◆ When I was ten I
could outrun all my friends.
2.153 deadly /"dedli/ (adj)
so dangerous it can kill ◆ The bite
of this snake is deadly. You’d die
within minutes.  dead (adj)
2.154 predator /"pred@t@(r)/ (n)
an animal that hunts others
2.155 dangle /"d&Ngl/ (v)
let sth hang ◆ He dangled a
necklace in front of my eyes.
‘Here’s your present!’ he said.
2.156 slap /sl&p/ (v)
hit with your flat hand ◆ His mum
slapped his arm when he tried to steal
a biscuit from the plate.  slap (n)
2.157 whistle /"wIsl/ (n)
narrow pipe that makes a noise
when you blow it.  whistle (v)
2.158 drag /dr&g/ (v)
pull sth heavy ◆ It needed two
people to drag the heavy box across
the floor.
2.159 drown /draUn/ (v)
die from being underwater too
long ◆ Sadly, a lot of people
drowned when the boat turned over
at sea.
2.160 precaution /prI"kO:Sn/ (n)
sth that will stop sth bad
happening ◆ The doctor gave him
an injection after the accident as
a precaution but he wasn’t really
worried.  cautious (adj)
2.161 shark-infested
/"SA:k In%festId/ (adj)
full of dangerous, large fish
2.162 weapon /"wep@n/ (n)
sth to fight with ◆ The man who
ran away had a weapon – it looked
like a gun.
2.163 wounded /"wu:ndId/ (adj)
hurt by a weapon ◆ A policeman was
wounded when the robber shot him.
He’s in hospital now.  wound (n, v)
2.164 target /"tA:gIt/ (n)
person or thing you are trying to
hit ◆ It’s always difficult to hit a
moving target like a flying bird.
 target (v)
2.165 gill /gIl/ (n)
opening on the side of the head
that a fish breathes through
2.166 dusk /dVsk/ (n)
time of day when the light has
almost gone
2.167 dawn /dO:n/ (n)
time of day when light first
appears
2.168 crouch /kraUÍ/ (v)
bend legs and get close to
the ground ◆ The cat was very
frightened and crouched under the
table.
2.169 punch /pVnÍ/ (v)
hit with your closed hand ◆ The
boxer punched his opponent on the
chin and he fell down.  punch (n)
Grammar
2.170 deadline /"dedlaIn/ (n)
latest time you can do sth ◆ I
have to work hard this week. My
deadline is Friday evening!
2.171 florist /"flQrIst/ (n) person
who sells flowers
2.172 distinctly /dIs"tINktli/ (adv)
clearly ◆ I distinctly remember
Use of English
telling him to come at 5.30. Where
is he?  distinct (adj), distinctive 2.181 trek /trek/ (n)
(adj) long walk across countryside
 trek (v)

2.173 go halves with

2.182 cholesterol /k@"lest@rQl/ (n)
/%g@U "hA:vz wID/ (phr)
fat that reduces the speed the
pay half the cost with sb ◆ That
blood can pass through our bodies
meal was very expensive. I’ll go
◆ Eat this yoghurt and it will
halves with you.
reduce your cholesterol levels.
2.174 ungrateful /Vn"greItfl/ (adj)
2.183 converted /k@n"v3:tId/ (adj)
not showing thanks when sb does
persuaded to change your ideas
sth for you ◆ Jackie spent a lot of
or opinion about sth ◆ I used to
money on Tim’s present but he was
like pop music but I'm a converted
very ungrateful and didn’t even
jazz fan now.  convert (n, v),
say thank you.  grateful (adj),
conversion (n)
gratitude (n)
2.184 vast /vA:st/ (adj)
2.175 crawl /krO:l/ (v)
very large ◆ My mum eats vast
Here: an insect moving slowly
◆ The insects were crawling all over
amounts of vegetables and she’s
never ill.
the bed! I jumped out screaming!
Usually: move slowly on hands 2.185 portion /"pO:Sn/ (n)
and knees  crawl (n) amount, serving for one person
◆ Could I have another portion of
2.176 tide /taId/ (n)
chips please? They’re very tasty!
movement of sea onto the beach
at different times of the day ◆ We
can’t swim today because the tide
is out and the water is too shallow.
 tidal (adj)

2.177 slip /slIp/ (v)

fall when your foot moves on sth
like a wet floor ◆ There was some
oil on the road and I slipped and
hurt my back.  slip (n), slippery
(adj)

2.178 grab /gr&b/ (v)

take sth quickly ◆ I was about to
fall over so Tom grabbed my hand
and he stopped me.

Listening
2.179 moorland /"mO:l&nd/ (n)
area of high land with lots of grass
but few trees  moor (n)

2.180 participant /pA:"tIsIp@nt/ (n)

person who takes part in a
competition or course ◆ All the
participants have to sing two songs
and dance if they want to win.
 participate (v)

FCE Result © Oxford University Press 7


What's so funny?
Words and phrases
Lead in
3.01 cartoon /kA:"tu:n/ (n)
film made from a series of pictures
◆ Children love cartoons with
talking animals in them.
3.02 camcorder /"k&mkO:d@(r)/ (n)
machine that you can use to take
video films
3.03 clip /klIp/ (n)
short piece of film ◆ Did you see
that clip on the news about our
school? 䊳 clip (v)
3.04 sitcom /"sItkQm/ (n)
regular TV comedy programme
with the same people each week
in a different story ◆ ‘Friends’ was
one of the most famous sitcoms
ever! I watched every one.
3.05 sense of humour
/%sens @v "hju:m@(r)/ (phr)
ability to appreciate funny
situations ◆ I could never marry
somebody who doesn’t have a good
sense of humour. Life would be so
dull!
Reading
3.06 printable /"prInt@bl/ (adj)
not too rude to be printed in a
magazine or newspaper ◆ Do you
know any printable jokes that we
can put in the school magazine?
䊳 unprintable (adj), print (n, v)
3.07 ratings /"reItINz/ (n pl)
measurement of how good or
popular sth is ◆ The new sitcom is
high in the ratings this week. A lot of
people love it. 䊳 rate (v), rated (adj)
3.08 exhaustive /Ig"zO:stIv/ (adj)
very thorough, having done
everything possible ◆ The police
carried out an exhaustive search of
the area for the missing child.
䊳 exhaust (v), exhausted (adj)
3.09 breakdown /"breIkdaUn/ (n)
Here: detailed information from
analysing a set of figures ◆ This
report includes a breakdown of
how much each improvement to the
office would cost. Usually: when a
vehicle stops and cannot be driven
3.10 brain scan /"breIn %sk&n/ (n)
medical test that films the brain
working ◆ Luckily the brain scan
didn’t show any problems.
3.11 experiment /Ik"sperIm@nt/ (n)
test to learn sth new ◆ An
experiment on monkeys’ memory
showed that some were better than
humans! 䊳 experiment (on) (v),
experimental (adj)
3.12 set up /%set "Vp/ (phr v)
organise, start ◆ A group of film
stars set up a charity to help young
people in this area.
3.13 establish /I"st&blIS/ (v)
Here: show ◆ The report
established that most people were
happy with the new shopping mall.
Usually: start ◆ The business was
established in 2007.
䊳 establishment (n)
3.14 play on words
/%pleI Qn "w3:dz/ (phr)
making a joke by using a word
that has two meanings ◆
3.15 taste for /"teIst f@(r)/ (n)
preference, liking ◆ My gran has a
taste for romantic films. She likes a
FCE Result © Oxford University Press
3
good cry! 䊳 taste (v), tasteful (adj),
tasty (adj)
3.16 surreal /s@"ri:@l/ (adj)
strange, dreamlike ◆ John’s
paintings are very surreal. It’s like
looking at a dream. 䊳 surrealist
(n), surrealism (n)
3.17 founder /"faUnd@(r)/ (n)
person who started an organisation
◆ Ken Ripley, the founder of the
business, was born in 1802.
3.18 trapped /tr&pt/ (adj)
unable to escape ◆ Did you read
about the man who was trapped in
his car for sixteen hours? He couldn’t
unlock the doors! 䊳 trap (n, v)
3.19 climax /"klaIm&ks/ (n)
the most exciting or important
event ◆ The climax of the film was
when the hero jumped out of the
plane. 䊳 climax (v), climactic (adj)
3.20 unveil /%Vn"veIl/ (v)
uncover, reveal, show sth that was
hidden ◆ They are going to unveil
the winner of the award on TV
tonight.
3.21 appeal to /@"pI:l %tu:, t@/ (v)
be popular with ◆ Brad Pitt’s new
film will appeal to people who have
seen the previous two films in the
series. 䊳 appeal (n), appealing (adj)
3.22 contain /k@n"teIn/ (v)
have inside or as part of
◆ The guide book contains some
useful information about good
restaurants. 䊳 containment (n)
3.23 element /"elIm@nt/ (n)
important thing needed to create
or build sth ◆ One of the elements
of a good short story is a surprise
ending. 䊳 elementary (adj)
1
3.24 central to
/"sentr@l %tu:, t@/ (adj)
◆
most important for Having low
unemployment is central to a
strong economy. 䊳 centre (n)
3.25 mortality /mO:"t&l@ti/ (n)
the fact that we will die ◆ As you
get older you become more aware
of your own mortality. 䊳 mortal (n,
adj), immortal (adj), immortalise
(v), immortality (n)
3.26 woods /wUdz/ (n pl)
small area of trees ◆ My mum
never let me walk through the
woods alone when I was young.
3.27 roll back /%r@Ul "b&k/ (v)
look upwards when unconscious
or asleep ◆ He fell on the ground
and his eyes rolled back. I thought
he was dead.
3.28 whip out /%wIp "aUt/ (v)
take out quickly ◆ After the meal
Sandy whipped out his money
before I could pay.
3.29 gasp /gA:sp/ (v)
speak with difficulty ◆ After the
race Gary gasped that he needed a
drink badly. 䊳 gasp (n), gasping
(adj)
3.30 soothing /"su:DIN/ (adj)
calming ◆ When I’m stressed I
listen to some soothing music and I
usually calm down quickly.
䊳 soothe (v)
3.31 take it easy
/%teIk It "i:zi/ (phr)
not get too worried or angry, relax
◆ Don’t worry about finishing the
work now. Take it easy. You can do
it later.
3.32 shot /SQt/ (n)
sound of a gun ◆ We heard two
shots and one of the men fell
down. He was dead! 䊳 shoot (v)
3.33 line /laIn/ (n)
telephone connection ◆ Paul, Mr.
Grant is on the line. Do you want
to speak to him?
2 FCE Result © Oxford University Press
3.34 remind /rI"maInd/ (v)
make sb remember sth
◆ Advertisements on TV remind
people that it’s dangerous to drive
too fast. 䊳 reminder (n)
3.35 specific /sp@"sIfIk/ (adj)
particular ◆ The government has
chosen specific towns to receive
extra money for public transport.
䊳 specification (n), specify (v)
3.36 fit in with /%fIt "In wID/ (phr v)
support ◆ These results fit in
with the idea that the climate is
definitely changing quickly.
3.37 damage /"d&mIÙ/ (n unc)
bad result or effect of sth ◆ When
the other car crashed into us there
was a lot of damage to our car. It
cost four hundred pounds to repair.
䊳 damage (v), damaging (adj),
damaged (adj)
3.38 submit /s@b"mIt/ (v)
send as part of a competition or
survey ◆ I submitted a short story
for the competition but I didn’t
win. 䊳 submission (n), submissive
(adj)
3.39 candidate /"k&ndIdeIt/ (n)
Here: a person or thing that is
considered suitable for sth ◆ I
think my candidate for the best
song ever would be something by
The Rolling Stones.
3.40 reference /"refr@ns/ (n)
◆
comment related to sth In his
speech there was a reference to the
excellence of his staff. 䊳 refer (v)
3.41 mention /"menSn/ (v)
talk about ◆ Did he mention his
holiday when he was talking to
you? 䊳 mention (n)
3.42 implication /%ImplI"keISn/ (n)
what we can understand from sth
although it is not said directly
◆ The implication of the new rules
is that people were spending too
long on personal phonecalls.
䊳 imply (v), implicate (v)
3.43 analysis /@"n&l@sIs/ (n)
study of sth in detail ◆ An analysis
of the test results will show whether
the new medicine is working or
not. 䊳 analyse (v), analytical (adj)
3.44 reveal /rI"vi:l/ (v)
show ◆ The statistics reveal an
increase in the number of students
at university. 䊳 revelation (n)
3.45 beak /bi:k/ (n)
hard mouth of a bird ◆ The bird
used its beak to pick up the bread.
3.46 webbed feet /%webd "fi:t/ (n)
feet with pieces of skin between
the toes to make swimming easier
3.47 chuckle /"ÍVkl/ (v)
laugh softly to yourself ◆ My dad
chuckled when he read the message
I’d written in his birthday card.
䊳 chuckle (n)
Vocabulary
3.48 spotless /"spQtl@s/ (adj)
very clean ◆ She cleaned the car
before she returned it to me. It
was spotless. 䊳 spot (n), spot (v),
spotted (adj)
Grammar
3.49 fire brigade
/"faI@ brI%geId/ (n)
service that puts out fires ◆ When
there was a fire in the kitchen we
called the fire brigade – they were
wonderful!
Listening
3.50 embarrassed
/Im"b&r@st/ (adj)
shy, awkward or ashamed,
especially in a social situation
◆ I was really embarrassed when I
dropped my shopping all over the
pavement. 䊳 embarrassment (n
unc), embarrass (v)
3.51 graveyard /"greIvjA:d/ (n)
place where people are buried
under the ground.
3.52 gravestone /"greIvst@Un/ (n)
special stone to mark where a
dead person is buried.
3.53 tortoise /"tO:t@s/ (n)
very slow animal with a hard,
thick shell and four short legs
3.54 snail /sneIl/ (n)
very slow, small animal with a
hard, round shell and no legs
◆ Birds sometimes eat the snails in
my garden.
3.55 security /sI"kjU@r@ti/ (n unc)
protection, usually for a place ◆ The
security at the offices is very good.
No one can get in without a special
pass. 䊳 secure (adj), secure (v)
3.56 injury /"InÙ@ri/ (n)
sth wrong with your body after an
accident ◆ Michael Owen didn’t
play many matches last year
because of injuries. 䊳 injure (v),
injured (adj)
3.57 fire /"faI@(r)/ (v)
shoot a bullet from a gun ◆ The
bank robber fired at the policeman
and killed him.
3.58 burst of laughter
/%b3:st @v "lA:ft@(r)/ (n)
sudden laughing ◆ There was
a burst of laughter when the
comedian made a joke. 䊳 burst (v)
3.59 thump /TVmp/ (v)
make a loud, heavy noise ◆ I could
feel my heart thumping when
they were about to announce the
winner. 䊳 thump (n)
3.60 audition /O:"dISn/ (n)
give a short performance to try to
get a part in a play or film, etc.
◆ I did a terrible audition for the
school play. I forgot everything!
䊳 audition (v)
3.61 alley /"&li/ (n)
small road between buildings
3.62 mug /mVg/ (v)
attack sb in the street to steal sth
from them ◆ The blond man mugged
the old woman and stole her bag.
3.63 residence /"rezId@ns/ (n)
place where sb important lives
◆ The summer residence of the
queen is in the countryside.
䊳 reside (v), resident (n)
3.64 incident /"InsId@nt/ (n)
event ◆ The teacher wants to talk
to us about the incident on the
football pitch when Dan was hurt.
䊳 incidentally (adv), incidence (n),
incidental (adj)
3.65 CV /%si: "vi:/ (n)
list of your qualifications and
experience that you send when
you’re looking for a job
3.66 rival /"raIvl/ (n)
competitor, sb you want to beat
◆ The new driver’s main rivals for
the championship will be the Ferrari
team. 䊳 rival (adj, v), rivalry (n)
3.67 constitute /"kQnstItju:t/ (v)
be considered to be, be part of
◆ I’m sorry, but in my opinion an
inability to increase our profits by
at least 10% constitutes a failure.
䊳 constitution (n)
3.68 giggle /"gIgl/ (v)
laugh in a high voice ◆ The
children giggled when they saw
their father dressed up as a clown.
3.69 grunt /grVnt/ (n)
sound made in the throat like a pig
䊳 grunt (v)
3.70 snort /snO:t/ (n)
sound made through the nose like
a pig 䊳 snort (v)
3.71 foggy /"fQgi/ (adj)
weather when you can’t see very
clearly due to a thick cloud of
very small drops of water ◆ This
morning it was so foggy I couldn’t
see the trees on the pavement.
䊳 fog (n)
3.72 corpse /kO:ps/ (n)
dead body ◆ The doctors studied
the corpse to find out why the
person died.
FCE Result © Oxford University Press
3.73 unmissable /Vn"mIs@bl/ (adj)
so good that you must watch it
◆ The new Madonna movie is
unmissable. She’s superb.
䊳 missable (adj), miss (v), missing
(adj)
3.74 have got the makings of
/h@v %gQt D@ "meIkINz @v/ (idm)
have got the right talents, abilities
to be ◆ With her looks and talent
she’s got the makings of a pop star.
Speaking
3.75 clown /klaUn/ (n)
person who dresses in colourful
clothes, make-up and funny hair
to make people laugh. ◆ A clown
performed at my sister’s birthday
party.
3.76 circus /"s3:k@s/ (n)
traditional entertainment with
clowns and acrobats in a big
tent.◆ Children love going to the
circus. The music is loud and the
atmosphere is very exciting.
3.77 hilarious /hI"le@ri@s/ (adj)
very funny ◆ The new comedy
series on Channel 4 is hilarious. I
laughed all the way through.
䊳 hilarity (n unc)
3.78 give it a go
/%gIv It @ "g@U/ (idm)
try sth ◆ I don’t know if I’ll be any
good at cricket, but I’ll give it a go.
Use of English
3.79 humorous /"hju:m@r@s/ (adj)
funny, making you laugh ◆ They
say this book is very funny but I
don’t find it very humorous.
䊳 humour (n, v)
3.80 rebellious /rI"belj@s/ (adj)
not willing to obey rules or accept
normal standards of behaviour
◆ I was very rebellious when I was
a teenager and refused to do what
my parents wanted. 䊳 rebel (n, v)
3
3.81 risk-taking /"rIsk %teIkIN/ (adj)
wanting to do things that are quite
difficult or dangerous ◆ My older
sister is quite risk-taking – she just
left a good job to go travelling for
two years.
3.82 unconventional
/%Vnk@n"venS@nl/ (adj)
not the same as everyone else,
doing things differently ◆ Our new
teacher is quite unconventional. He
lets us sit on the floor or on each
other’s desks if we want to!
䊳 conventional (adj), convention (n)
3.83 role /r@Ul/ (n)
part in a play or in a situation
◆ Bess often takes on the role of big
sister when we’re talking.
3.84 compile /k@m"paIl/ (v)
put things together to make a list, /
report, etc. ◆ I’ve compiled a list of all
students who want to go to London
for the day. 䊳 compilation (n)
3.85 tie in with /%taI "In %wID/ (phr v)
have a link with ◆ The results from
our survey tie in with the results
from schools in other areas. We’ve
all found the same thing.
3.86 sole /s@Ul/ (adj)
only ◆ William Barnes was the
sole survivor of the air crash in the
mountains. They found him two days
later. 䊳 solitary (adj), solitude (n)
3.87 saying /"seIIN/ (n)
traditional phrase or sentence
about a situation ◆ My
grandmother has a lot of sayings
that she really believes! Like –
never put off till tomorrow what
you can do today!
3.88 findings /"faIndINz/ (n pl)
the results of research or surveys
3.89 intend /In"tend/ (v)
plan, want to ◆ I intend to go to a
lots of art galleries while I’m in Paris.
䊳 intention (n), intentional (adj)
3.90 extend /Ik"stend/ (v)
make sth longer ◆ We’re going to
extend the kitchen by two metres.
䊳 extension (n)
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Vocabulary
3.91 overthrow /%@Uv@"Tr@U/ (v)
replace by force ◆ The government
was overthrown by a group of
rebels.
3.92 shortage /"SO:tIÙ/ (n)
not enough of sth ◆ There’s been
a water shortage this summer
because of the hot weather. 䊳 short
(adj), shorten (v)
3.93 vandalise /"v&nd@laIz/ (v)
damage sth for fun ◆ Our car was
vandalised last night. The windows
were broken and there was white
paint all over it. 䊳 vandal (n),
vandalism (n)
3.94 suppress /s@"pres/ (v)
stop sth like an attack or strong
desire ◆ The government has
suppressed all attempts to change
the law on hunting with dogs.
䊳 suppression (n),
3.95 humiliate /hju:"mIlieIt/ (v)
make sb look silly ◆ Good teachers
don’t humiliate students in front of
their friends. 䊳 humiliation (n)
3.96 messy /"mesi/ (adj)
untidy ◆ My sister’s really messy.
You can never find anything in her
room! 䊳 mess (n)
3.97 proper /"prQp@(r)/ (adj)
right, correct ◆ Can you put the
cups in the proper cupboard this
time? Last week I couldn’t find
them!
Writing
3.98 panic /"p&nIk/ (v)
do things without thinking because
you’re worried ◆ I panicked when
I saw I was going to be late and
forgot all the important papers.
䊳 panic (n)
3.99 blind /blaInd/ (adj)
unable to see ◆ There’s an
operation now that can help blind
people see again. 䊳 blind (v),
blindness (n)
3.100 guide dog /"gaId %dQg/ (n)
dog that leads a blind person
3.101 aisle /aIl/ (n)
space between rows of seats in a
cinema, church or plane.
3.102 stretch your legs
/%streÍ jO: "legz/ (phr)
go for a walk after sitting for a
long time
3.103 terminal building /"t3:mInl
%bIldIN/ (n)
place at an airport where people
arrive and leave
3.104 lorry /"lQri/ (n)
large vehicle that carries heavy
objects
3.105 parcel /"pA:sl/ (n)
object or box that is wrapped and
often comes through the post
◆ Mick received two large parcels
from his aunt in Australia on his
birthday.
Review
3.106 optimistic /QptI"mIstIk/ (adj)
thinking good things are going to
happen ◆ I’m optimistic about my
results. I think they’re going to be
good! 䊳 optimism (n unc), optimist
(n)
3.107 freezing /"fri:zIN/ (adj)
very cold ◆ It’s freezing in here.
Can you turn on the fire? 䊳 freeze
(v), frozen (adj), freezer (n)
3.108 impersonal
/Im"p3:s@nl/ (adj)
not very friendly or showing
an interest in individuals ◆ The
letter from the company was very
impersonal and didn’t encourage
me to want to work there.
3.109 incorporate /In"kO:p@reIt/ (v)
include as part of sth ◆ The report
incorporated a lot of our ideas.
3.110 multiply /"mVltIplaI/ (v)
increase by a certain amount
◆ Multiply two by four and you
get eight. 䊳 multiplication (n),
multiple (adj)
Workbook
Reading
3.111 session /"seSn/ (n)
length of time spent doing an
activity ◆ The course is divided
into two-hour sessions.
3.112 treatment /"tri:tm@nt/ (n)
way to cure or help a medical
problem ◆ The treatment involved
taking pills and doing more exercise.
䊳 treat (n, v), treatable (adj)
3.113 tongue /tVN/ (n)
soft, moving organ in the mouth
that helps us speak
3.114 reluctant /rI"lVkt@nt/ (adj)
not enthusiastic about doing sth
◆ I was reluctant to play tennis
yesterday because I was very tired.
䊳 reluctance (n), reluctantly (adv)
3.115 surrounded by
/s@"raUndId %baI/ (adj)
having certain things or people
around you ◆ The singer was
surrounded by fans when he came
out of the studio. 䊳 surround (v),
surroundings (n pl)
3.116 nursery rhyme
/"n3:s@ri %raIm/ (n)
poem with a strong rhythm read to
young children
3.117 inhibition /%InhI"bISn/ (n)
shy or nervous feelings that
prevent us from doing things we
might want to ◆ His inhibitions
prevented him from acting in the
school play. 䊳 inhibit (v), inhibiting
(adj)
3.118 stimulate /"stImjuleIt/ (v)
make sth grow stronger
◆ Stories can stimulate children’s
imaginations. 䊳 stimulation (n),
stimulating (adj)
3.119 defence /dI"fens/ (n)
sth that protects a person or place
◆ The town’s sea defences protect it
from flooding when there are bad
storms. 䊳 defend (v), defenceless
(adj), defensive (adj)
3.120 reduce /rI"dju:s/ (v)
make smaller ◆ My dad left his job
because the boss reduced his salary.
䊳 reduction (n)
3.121 recovery /rI"kVv@ri/ (n)
process of getting better after an
illness or injury ◆ His recovery will
be complete in two or three days.
䊳 recover (v)
3.122 at the forefront
/@t D@ "fO:frVnt/ (idm)
sth or sb that leads the way for sth
new ◆ This band is at the forefront
of a completely new trend in music.
3.123 integral /"IntIgr@l/ (adj)
being an essential part of sth that
cannot be separated from the
whole thing ◆ Healthy meals are
an integral part of the hospital
service. 䊳 integrate (v), integration
(n)
3.124 spread to
/"spred %tu:, t@/ (v)
cover a larger and larger area
◆ The illness has now spread to
farms on the other side of the city.
3.125 consultant /k@n"sVlt@nt/ (n)
person who is an expert on
a subject and often asked for
advice ◆ We went to see a
consultant about our son’s unusual
bone problem. 䊳 consult (v),
consultation (n)
3.126 chest /Íest/ (n)
upper part of the body around the
heart and lungs
3.127 expression /Ik"spreSn/ (n)
way of showing an emotion or
feeling ◆ I knew by his expression
that he was angry with me!
䊳 express (v), expressive (adj)
3.128 look into /"lUk %Int@/ (phr v)
find out about ◆ Scientists are
looking into new ways of recycling
our rubbish.
3.129 side-effect /"saId I%fekt/ (n)
unwanted extra result of sth
such as medicine ◆ He stopped
taking the pills because there were
too many side-effects. He had
headaches all the time.
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3.130 immune system
/I"mju:n %sIst@m/ (n)
the body’s natural defence against
illness ◆ Her immune system was
very low because she was tired and
she caught a bad cold.
3.131 boost /bu:st/ (v)
make stronger ◆ Their new CD
boosted the band’s popularity a lot.
䊳 boost (n)
3.132 maintain /meIn"teIn/ (v)
keep ◆ Manchester United have
maintained their lead in the
competition with a win at Arsenal.
䊳 maintenance (n)
3.133 excruciatingly /
Ik"skru:SieItINli/ (adv)
very painfully ◆ The play was
excruciatingly boring and we left after
half an hour. 䊳 excruciating (adj)
3.134 gag /g&g/ (n)
joke ◆ The comedian told lots of
gags but no one laughed.
h informal
3.135 simulated /"sImjuleItId/ (adj)
pretend, giving the appearance
of reality ◆ Simulated fur is an
obvious alternative to using real
animal skins in clothing.
䊳 simulate (v), simulation (n)
3.136 circulation /%s3:kj@"leISn/ (n)
movement of blood around the
body 䊳 circulate (v), circle (n)
3.137 pioneer /%paI@"nI@(r)/ (n)
person who does sth new for the
first time ◆ Bell was a pioneer in
telecommunications. 䊳 pioneer (v),
pioneering (adj)
3.138 cheer up /%ÍI@r "Vp/ (phr v)
make happier ◆ Bill tried to cheer me
up this morning but I was still upset
about losing our dog yesterday.
3.139 wig /wIg/ (n)
false hair ◆ The Prime Minister
wears a wig because he lost all his
hair when he was quite young.
3.140 angel /"eInÙl/ (n)
imaginary or religious being that
does good things ◆ There’s a statue
of an angel in the graveyard. It’s
beautiful. 䊳 angelic (adj)
5
3.141 wing /wIN/ (n)
the part of the body that birds use
to fly ◆ The eagle flapped its wings
and swooped to the ground.
Vocabulary
3.148 respond /rI"spQnd/ (v)
react, do sth as a result of sth ◆ He
responded to the news of his bad
exam results by phoning the school
immediately. 䊳 response (n),
respondent (n)
3.158 anticipate /&n"tIsIpeIt/ (v)
expect sth ◆ The forecasters
anticipated snow but not this
much! 䊳 anticipation (n)
3.159 construct /k@n"strVkt/ (v)
build ◆ The new houses were
constructed entirely of wood.
䊳 construction (n), constructive (adj)

3.142 exaggerate /Ig"z&Ù@reIt/ (v) Listening

make sth seem bigger or more
important than it really is ◆ His
story about the terrible journey they
had was exaggerated. It wasn’t that
bad at all! 䊳 exaggeration (n)
3.143 election /I"lekSn/ (n)
when people choose sth or sb by
voting ◆ The election for a new leader
happened yesterday. Mark Holmes
won. 䊳 elect (v), electorate (n)
Grammar
3.144 run up against
/%rVn "Vp @%genst/ (phr v)
◆
face sth difficult The council ran
up against a lot of opposition when
they decided to build a big block of
flats in the park.
3.145 blame /bleIm/ (v)
say sth is another person’s fault
◆ My mum blames me for
everything my brother does. It’s not
fair! 䊳 blame (n)
3.146 press conference
/"pres %kQnf@r@ns/ (n)
organised meeting to inform
the media of sth ◆ Liverpool
football club have arranged a
press conference to announce the
appointment of a new manager.
3.147 announce /@"naUns/ (v)
say sth so that many people
can hear it ◆ At the station they
announced that all trains to London
were delayed. 䊳 announcement (n),
announcer (n)
3.160 overshadow
3.149 suspect /"sVspekt/ (n) /%@Uv@"S&d@U/ (v)
person police think may have take importance away from
done sth wrong ◆ The policeman other things or people ◆ She
is interviewing the suspect at was a brilliant dancer but her
the police station. 䊳 suspect (v), achievements were overshadowed
suspicious (adj), suspicion (n) by those of her elder sister.
3.150 shop-lifting /"SQp %lIftIN/ (n) 3.161 venue /"venju:/ (n)
stealing things from shops place for an event ◆ The venue
for the open air festival will be the
3.151 disgusting /dIs"gVstIN/ (adj) gardens of Manor Farm House.
horrible to look at, smell or
taste ◆ I can’t eat that meal. It’s 3.162 tropical /"trQpIkl/ (adj)
disgusting! 䊳 disgust (n, v) of a hot and wet country ◆ I would
love to go on holiday to a tropical
3.152 melody /"mel@di/ (n) island with white beaches and bue
tune, music that goes with words sea! 䊳 tropic (n)
to make a song ◆ It’s a pretty
melody but I can’t play it.
䊳 melodious (adj)
3.153 chapter /"Í&pt@(r)/ (n)
one of many sections that a book
is divided into ◆ In the first chapter
two men are murdered on the
bridge.
3.154 puzzled /"pVzld/ (adj)
confused ◆ I was puzzled by the
message Brian left me. I’ve no idea
what he meant. 䊳 puzzle (n, v)
3.155 significant
/sIg"nIfIk@nt/ (adj)
important enough to make a
difference ◆ The students have
made a significant amount of
progress this term. I’m really
pleased. 䊳 significance (n unc)
3.156 era /"I@r@/ (n)
special time, period ◆ I love the
1920s era. The music, fashion and
dancing all made it very special.

3.157 soundtrack /"saUndtr&k/ (n)

the music that goes with a film

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Use of English
3.163 unwitting /Vn"wItIN/ (adj)
not intended ◆ Jess was the
unwitting cause of Harry’s illness.
She passed her cold on to him.
3.164 thrill-seeker
/"TrIl %si:k@(r)/ (n)
person looking for excitement
3.165 blast off /%blA:st "Qf/ (phr v)
leave Earth suddenly (as in a
rocket)
3.166 elaborate /I"l&b@r@t/ (adj)
very complicated ◆ He told us all
about his adventure in elaborate
detail. 䊳 elaborate (v), elaboration (n)
3.167 hoax /h@Uks/ (n)
big practical joke ◆ Someone
phoned to say there was a bomb in
the school but it was just a hoax.
3.168 contestant /k@n"test@nt/ (n)
person who takes part in a
competition ◆ There were ten
contestants in the TV quiz. Only
one could win the £10,000 prize.
䊳 contest (n, v)
3.174 draw the line
/%drO: D@ "laIn/ (idm)
put a limit on ◆ I sometimes use
other people’s ideas but I draw the
line at copying their work directly.
3.175 misfortune /mIs"fO:Íu:n/ (n)
bad luck ◆ It was my misfortune to
be on holiday when they gave out
free tickets to the concert.
3.176 livelihood /"laIvlihUd/ (n)
way of making a living ◆ The
livelihood of the villagers was
threatened by the land development
near them.
3.177 wrestle /"resl/ (n)
fight hand-to-hand ◆ Andy wrestled
with the thief on the ground to stop
him escaping.
3.178 barrier /"b&ri@(r)/ (n)
sth that separates two areas ◆ The
police put up a barrier to keep
people away from the film star.

3.169 plant /plA:nt/ (v)

Here: put sb in a group to report
on others or to help organisers
◆ The organisers of the TV show
planted people in the audience to
ask certain questions. Usually: put
flowers or trees in the ground

3.170 undergo /%Vnd@"g@U/ (v)

experience

3.171 prop /prQp/ (n)

item used on stage or in a film
set ◆ Some of the props from the
James Bond films were on sale for
hundreds of pounds.

3.172 legitimate /l@"ÙItIm@t/ (adj)

acceptable, permitted ◆ I had a
legitimate excuse for missing class.
I was at the dentist’s.
䊳 illegitimate (adj)

3.173 exploitation
/%eksplOI"teISn/ (n)
use sb for your own benefit
◆ Paying workers such a low salary
is exploitation. 䊳 exploit (v)

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Inspired
Words and phrases
Lead in
4.01 inspire /In"spaI@(r)/ (v)
give sb creative ideas ◆ The
hills and mountains of the area
where he lived inspired many of
his paintings. 䊳 inspiration (n),
inspiring (adj), inspired (adj),
inspirational (adj)
4.02 admire /@d"maI@(r)/ (v)
respect a person for what they
have done ◆ I really admire people
who have worked hard to get to the
top of their professions.
䊳 admiration (n)
4.03 inventor /In"vent@(r)/ (n)
person who creates sth new such
as a machine ◆ James Watt was
a famous inventor who made the
first steam train. 䊳 invent (v),
invention (n), inventive (adj)
Reading
4.04 emotion /I"m@USn/ (n)
strong feeling like love or hate
◆ The singer shows a lot of emotion
when he sings. You can feel the
anger and the pain.
䊳 emotional (adj), emotive (adj)
4.05 stir /st3:(r)/ (v)
moved ◆ The film really stirred my
emotions and I started to cry.
䊳 stirring (adj)
4.06 initial /I"nISl/ (adj)
first, happening at the beginning
◆ My initial thought was that
there had been an accident and
then I realised that the road was
closed for repairs. 䊳 initially (adv),
initiate (v)
4.07 sprawling /"sprO:lIN/ (adj)
not neat or tidy or limited ◆ The
city is a sprawling mixture of old
and new buildings and reaches
from the hills to the coast.
䊳 sprawl (n, v)
4.08 irrelevant /I"rel@v@nt/ (adj)
not related or important to what
you are discussing ◆ His comments
were irrelevant so I didn’t note
them down. 䊳 relevant (adj),
relevance (n)
4.09 ruthless /"ru:Tl@s/ (adj)
not caring about what you have
to do to get what you want ◆ In
business you can’t be sensitive –
you have to be really ruthless or
you’ll fail. 䊳 ruthlessness (n)
4.10 attached to
/@"t&Ít %tu:, t@/ (adj)
part of or fond of ◆ I’m very
attached to my old car and it will
be difficult to sell it. 䊳 attachment
(n), attach (v)
4.11 distraction /dI"str&kSn/ (n)
sth that takes your attention
away from an activity ◆ I can’t
work when the children are home
because they’re a distraction.
䊳 distract (v), distracted (adj)
4.12 infuriating
/In"fjU@rieItIN/ (adj)
making you very angry ◆ It’s
infuriating when I can’t remember
where I’ve put my keys! 䊳 infuriate
(v), fury (n), furious (adj)
4.13 excavate /"eksk@veIt/ (v)
dig down to find sth ◆ They’re
excavating some old buildings.
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4
4.14 instinctive /In"stINktIv/ (adj)
doing sth without thinking about it
◆ Running away from danger is an
instinctive reaction. 䊳 instinct (n)
4.15 dredge up /%dreÙ "Vp/ (phr v)
make an effort to remember things
you’ve forgotten ◆ I’ve got to
dredge up some ideas for this essay
before I go to bed.
4.16 chain /ÍeIn/ (n)
a set of things that are connected,
linked ◆ A chain of events led to
the war.
4.17 germ /Ù3:m/ (n)
Here: an early stage of the
development of sth ◆ The germ of
the novel was a chance meeting he
had in the streets of Paris. Usually:
the start of an illness 䊳 germinate
(v)
4.18 vivid /"vIvId/ (adj)
clear and lifelike ◆ My memories
of living in our old house are very
vivid. I can see every detail of the
building.
4.19 wondrous /"wVndr@s/ (adj)
wonderful, beautiful and
impressive
4.20 intense /In"tens/ (adj)
serious and often involving a lot of
action in a short period of time
◆ The hours before the deadline were
really intense. 䊳 intensive (adj),
intensify (v)
4.21 storm /stO:m/ (v)
go somewhere quickly and in an
angry way ◆ When Jack heard his
exam results he stormed out of the
room. 䊳 storm (n)
1
4.22 tinker around
/%tINk@r @"raUnd/ (v)
trying different things out,
repeatedly make changes,
especially unsuccessfully ◆ James
is always tinkering around with his
car. He’d like to make it go faster
but I don’t think it can!
4.23 rear its ugly head
/%rI@2r Its %Vgli "hed/ (phr)
when sth unpleasant appears or
happens ◆ People usually start
selling things on the Internet for
fun but then greed rears its ugly
head and they just want more and
more money.
4.24 possessed /p@"zest/ (adj)
controlled by sth, often bad, that
you can’t escape ◆ Hundreds of
years ago people believed that it
was possible to be possessed by evil
spirits. 䊳 possession (n),
possess (v)
Vocabulary
4.25 disaster /dI"zA:st@(r)/ (n)
an unexpected and terrible event
◆ The sinking of the Titanic is one
of the most famous disasters in
history.
4.26 western /"west@n/ (n)
film about life in the western US in
the 19th century usually involving
cowboys ◆ In westerns the actors
spend a lot of time riding horses.
4.27 gripping /"grIpIN/ (adj)
so good you can’t stop watching
because you want to know what
happens, exciting ◆ It was such a
gripping film that I didn’t realise it
was three hours long!
4.28 moving /"mu:vIN/ (adj)
sad, making you want to cry ◆
The part of the film where they get
married is very moving.
4.29 costume /"kQstju:m/ (n)
clothes an actor wears ◆ The
actors’ costumes helped to create
the atmosphere of pre-war Britain.
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4.30 special effects
/%speSl I"fekts/ (n)
fantasy elements of a film
created by a computer or clever
photography to look realistic
◆ Special effects in science fiction
films always amaze me.
4.31 stunt /stVnt/ (n)
dangerous action in a film ◆ Most
actors don't do their own stunts.
They are too risky. 䊳 stuntman (n)
Grammar
4.32 regret /rI"gret/ (v)
be sorry that you did sth ◆ I really
regret not going to university.
䊳 regret (n), regrettable (adj)
4.33 pillow /"pIl@U/ (n)
sth you put your head on when
you’re sleeping ◆ My pillow was
very hard and I couldn’t sleep.
4.34 symbol /"sImbl/ (n)
sth that represents sth more
general or complex ◆ A wedding
ring is a symbol of lasting love.
䊳 symbolise (v), symbolic (adj)
4.35 dove /dVv/ (n)
a small white bird which is a type
of pigeon
4.36 feathers /"feD@z/ (n)
soft light parts covering a bird
which allow it to fly
4.37 peck /pek/ (v)
when a bird bites ◆ A bird pecked
me on the arm and I’ve got a red
mark now. 䊳 peck (n)
4.38 candle /"k&ndl/ (n)
stick of wax with a string through
it which gives light when it burns
◆ The light from the candles on the
table was very romantic.
4.39 concentrate /"kQns@ntreIt/ (v)
give all your attention to one thing
that you’re doing ◆ Young children
find it difficult to concentrate on
one thing for very long.
䊳 concentration (n),
concentrated (adj)
4.40 mosquito /m@"ski:t@U/ (n)
small insect from hot countries
whose bite can cause a serious
illness
Listening
4.41 rehearse /rI"h3:s/ (v)
practise a play, piece of music, etc.
before a performance ◆ We had to
rehearse for two months before the
school play. 䊳 rehearsal (n)
4.42 lines /laInz/ (n pl)
what you say in a film or play
4.43 overhear /%@Uv@"hI@(r)/ (v)
hear someone else’s conversation
◆ I overheard Tina say that she
was going to finish with Grant.
4.44 destination /%destI"neISn/ (n)
place you are travelling to ◆ It
will take four hours to get to our
destination.
4.45 restore /rI"stO:(r)/ (v)
make sth look or sound like it
used to ◆ They have restored these
old black and white films to their
original standard. 䊳 restoration (n)
4.46 self-loading
/%self "l@UdIN/ (adj)
describing a machine that puts
things into itself without a person’s
help ◆ You can fire several shots
very quickly from a self-loading
rifle.
4.47 suffer /"sVf@(r)/ (v)
feel unwell or be in a very bad
situation ◆ A lot of poor people
suffer because they don’t have
money, food or good housing.
䊳 suffering (n)
4.48 deliberately
/dI"lIb@r@tli/ (adv)
done on purpose, not by chance
◆ The teacher doesn’t like me.
She deliberately gave me the most
difficult question to answer. 䊳
deliberate (adj, v), deliberation (n)
4.49 fatal /"feItl/ (adj)
causing death ◆ He suffered a fatal
injury in the crash and only lived for
ten minutes. 䊳 fate (n), fatality (n)
4.50 perfectly /"p3:fIktli/ (adv)
completely ◆ I felt perfectly OK
after the accident but the car
was wrecked. 䊳 perfect (adj, v),
perfection (n)
4.51 like /laIk/ (adv)
used to fill a pause while you are
thinking what to say next ◆ I’m,
like, waiting for him and then
there he is! h very informal
4.52 napkin /"n&pkIn/ (n)
piece of paper or fabric to protect
your clothes when eating and to
clean your lips and fingers
4.53 chord /kO:d/ (n)
group of notes on a musical
instrument like a guitar or piano
played at the same time ◆ I learned
a couple of chords on the guitar
and then gave it up!
4.54 otherwise /"VD@waIz/ (adv)
if sth different happened ◆ I
was late leaving the house this
morning, otherwise I would have
missed the phone call.
Speaking
4.55 spray paint /"spreI %peInt/ (n)
paint that comes in a can and
doesn’t need a brush ◆ One press
of a button and there was spray
paint all over the wall!
4.56 graffiti /gr@"fi:ti/ (n)
designs and pictures painted
on walls and in public places
without permission ◆ There was
graffiti all over the school wall this
morning but it was cleaned off by
lunchtime.
4.57 temporary /"temp@r@ri/ (adj)
only for a short time ◆ My mum
had a temporary job at my school
while our receptionist was away.
4.58 permanent /"p3:m@n@nt/ (adj)
sth that will always be there
◆ The accident has left Pat with a
permanent red mark on her face.
䊳 permanency (n)
4.59 chalk /ÍO:k/ (n)
white or coloured sticks made
from a soft material used for
writing or drawing on different
surfaces ◆ The children drew boxes
on the road in coloured chalk and
then played a game.
4.60 illusion /I"lu:Zn/ (n)
◆
sth that looks real but isn’t In
a theatre many things are just
an illusion to make an audience
believe they’re in a different place.
䊳 illusionist (n)
4.61 shadow /"S&d@U/ (n)
dark area behind an object when
the sun shines on it ◆ I could see
the shadow of the tall tree on the
ground. 䊳 shade (n, v), shaded
(adj), shadow (v), shadowy (adj)
4.62 three-dimensional
/%Tri: daI"menS@nl, dI-/ (adj)
showing the depth of an object in
a picture
4.63 remove /rI"mu:v/ (v)
take away, clean off ◆ In some
countries you have to remove your
shoes at the door. 䊳 removal (n)
Use of English
4.64 reputation /%repju"teISn/ (n)
known by many people for sth
◆ Our shop has a great reputation
for quality products. 䊳 repute (n),
reputed (adj)
4.65 reserved /rI"z3:vd/ (adj)
not showing a lot of emotion
◆ People of my grandparents’ age
are usually much more reserved
than younger people. They’re
generally much quieter and calmer!
䊳 reserve (n)
4.66 genius /"Ùi:ni@s/ (n)
person with a great talent or
unusual intelligence ◆ A boy in
our class is a genius. He can do
any mathematical problems in his
head!
FCE Result © Oxford University Press
4.67 renowned /rI"naUnd/ (adj)
famous ◆ The city is renowned
for its beautiful churches and
museums.
4.68 architect /"A:kItekt/ (n)
person who designs buildings
4.69 engineer /enÙI"nI@(r)/ (n)
person who designs and builds
engines, machines, roads, bridges,
etc.
4.70 inquiring /In"kwaI@rIN/ (adj)
curious, wanting to learn new
things ◆ Jack’s inquiring mind has
led him into all sorts of trouble!
䊳 inquire (v)
4.71 go so far as to
/%g@U %s@U "fA:r @z t@/ (phr)
be willing to go to extreme or
surprising limits ◆ The teachers
went so far as to refuse to have the
student in their classes.
4.72 apprenticed to
/@"prentIst t@/ (adj)
employed to work with sb to
learn the job ◆ At that time many
young artists were apprenticed to
successful ones to learn from them.
䊳 apprentice (n), apprenticeship
(n)
4.73 regarded as
/rI"gA:dId @z/ (adj)
seen, considered ◆ The Beatles
were regarded by many as the
greatest band of the 1960s.
䊳 regard (n, v), regarding (adv)
4.74 reproduced
/%ri:pr@"dju:st/ (adj)
copied
4.75 calculator
/"k&lkju%leIt@(r)/ (n)
machine that does mathematical tasks
for you ◆ Can you use calculators in
maths exams at your school?
䊳 calculate (v), calculating (adj)
4.76 tank /t&Nk/ (n)
military vehicle made of strong
metal and armed with guns
3
Vocabulary
4.77 accuse sb of
/@"kju:z ... @v/ (v)
say sb has done sth wrong ◆ The
teacher accused Stan of cheating in
the exam but he says he didn’t.
䊳 accusation (n), accusatory (adj)
4.78 collapse /k@"l&ps/ (v)
fall down because you are ill
◆ Lenny collapsed after the
basketball match and was taken to
hospital. 䊳 collapse (n)
4.79 relocate /%ri:l@U"keIt/ (v)
move to another area usually
because of work ◆ My friend’s
family relocated to London because
her father was promoted.
䊳 relocation (n), locate (v),
location (n)
4.80 wardrobe /"wO:dr@Ub/ (n)
large cupboard used for hanging
clothes
4.81 sleeve /sli:v/ (n)
arm of coat or jacket ◆ Can you
repair the hole in my coat sleeve?
Writing
4.82 exotic location
/Ig%zQtIk l@U"keISn/ (n)
exciting and unusual place, often
tropical ◆ The actor has travelled to
many exotic locations for different
films during his career.
4.83 villain /"vIl@n/ (n)
bad person in the story
◆ Christopher Walken always used
to play villains because he had a
frightening face! 䊳 villainous (adj)
4.84 overall /%@Uv@r"O:l/ (adj)
general, considering everything
◆ Although he started the term
badly I have noticed an overall
improvement in Pablo’s English.
4 FCE Result © Oxford University Press
4.85 background
/"b&kgraUnd/ (n)
information about what is behind
or led up to sth ◆ What’s the
background to this project? Who
suggested it and why?
4.86 set /set/ (n)
everything on stage or in a film
scene to make it look real ◆ The
set for the new play was incredible.
You really believed you were on a
boat!
4.87 stand out
/%st&nd "aUt/ (phr v)
be better than the rest ◆ One
student who really stands out is
Anna – her results are much higher
than anyone else’s.
4.88 worth /w3:T/ (adj)
used to recommend sth because it
is useful or of value ◆ His book is
definitely worth reading. You’ll love
it. h often followed by -ing form
䊳 worthy (adj)
4.89 inconvenient
/%Ink@n"vi:ni@nt/ (adj)
causing problems or difficulty
◆ I’m afraid it’s a little inconvenient
at the moment – I’m in a meeting.
Could you phone back tomorrow?
䊳 inconvenience (n), convenience
(n), convenient (adj)
4.90 poker /"p@Uk@(r)/ (n)
game with cards played for money
◆ I can never win at poker, my face
shows my emotions!
4.91 first-rate /%f3:st "reIt/ (adj)
excellent ◆ It’s a first-rate TV show.
You must watch it.
4.92 utterly /"Vt@li/ (adv)
completely ◆ I was utterly amazed
by the fantasy sequences in the
film. 䊳 utter (adj)
4.93 hallmark /"hO:lmA:k/ (n)
a sign, typical feature ◆ This
painting has all the hallmarks of a
great master.
4.94 wholeheartedly
/%h@Ul"hA:tIdli/ (adv)
completely, enthusiastically ◆ I
wholeheartedly agree with your
ideas. Let’s go ahead!
Review
4.95 virus /"vaIr@s/ (n)
Here: hidden elements of a
computer program that can cause
problems to your computer and
be passed on to others ◆ The virus
made my computer crash and I
lost all my files. Usually: an illness
passed between people
4.96 infect /In"fekt/ (v)
Here: pass a virus to
◆ Unfortunately the programme
infected other software too.
Usually: pass an illness on to sb
䊳 infection (n), infectious (adj)
4.97 trip over /%trIp "@Uv@(r)/ (v)
fall over sth ◆ I broke my leg when
I tripped over the bag on the floor.
4.98 witch /wIÍ/ (n)
woman from traditional stories
who has evil magical powers
4.99 frog /frQg/ (n)
small jumping animal that lives in
water and on land
4.100 fete /feIt/ (n)
open-air summer event where
people can play games, buy food
and drink, etc.
4.101 split up /%splIt "Vp/ (phr v)
separate ◆ The team split up after
two years working together.
4.102 impersonate
/Im"p3:s@neIt/ (v)
pretend to be sb ◆ The comedian
impersonates the Prime Minister
wonderfully. He sounds just like
him! 䊳 impersonation (n)
Workbook
Reading
4.103 breezy /"bri:zi/ (adj)
quite windy ◆ It was breezy
walking across the fields but not
too cold. 䊳 breeze (n)
4.104 precious /"preS@s/ (adj)
valuable, very important to certain
people ◆ This letter from my
grandfather is precious to me.
4.105 transform /tr&ns"fO:m/ (v)
completely change ◆ Wearing
a blond wig transforms her
appearance! I didn’t recognise
her at all. 䊳 transformation (n),
transformed (adj)
4.106 controversial
/%kQntr@"v3:Sl/ (adj)
creating strong and different
opinions ◆ The subject of religion is
controversial so we don’t discuss it.
䊳 controversy (n)
4.107 consist of /k2@n"sIst @v/ (v)
made of, include ◆ The course
consists of ten lessons over
four weeks. 䊳 consistent (adj),
consistency (n)
4.108 ambitious /&m"bIS@s/ (adj)
determined to be successful ◆ Tom
has ambitious plans and I think
he’ll do very well. 䊳 ambition (n)
4.109 wrap /r&p/ (v)
cover an object with paper or other
material ◆ The meal was wrapped
in plastic and tasted horrible.
䊳 wrap (n), wrapping (n)
4.110 fabric /"f&brIk/ (n)
material ◆ It was a strange fabric,
a mixture of cotton and silk.
䊳 fabricate (v), fabrication (n)
4.111 exceptional
/Ik"sepS@nl/ (adj)
◆
very special, different Kevin
was an exceptional student and
achieved great successes during his
career as an actor. 䊳 exception (n)
4.112 ironically /aI"rQnIkli/ (adv)
strangely or amusingly because
unexpected ◆ Ironically the weather
in Spain for their beach holiday
was worse than in England! 䊳
irony (n), ironic (adj)
4.113 assembled /@"sembld/ (adj)
people who have come together as
a group ◆ The assembled people in
the town square listened to some
speeches by local politicians.
䊳 assemble (v), assembly (n)
4.114 visibly /"vIz@bli/ (adv)
easily seen to be ◆ The man was
visibly worried about his daughter.
His hands were shaking. 䊳 visible
(adj), invisible (adj),visibility (n)
4.115 fulfil /fUl"fIl/ (v)
complete, achieve ◆ He fulfilled
his dream of visiting the USA
last month when he went to New
York for a week. 䊳 fulfilment (n),
fulfilled (adj), fulfilling (adj)
4.116 stereotype /"steri@UtaIp/ (n)
typical person, the way everyone
thinks a particular type of person
should be ◆ Jack is the stereotype
of a professor. He has a long beard,
grey hair and thick glasses.
䊳 stereotypical (adj)
4.117 penniless /"penil@s/ (adj)
without any money ◆ Nick left
Australia as a penniless student
and is now a rich businessman!
4.118 floating /"fl@UtIN/ (adj)
moving lightly in the air or on the
water ◆ Hundreds of balloons were
floating in the sky – they looked
beautiful! 䊳 float (v), afloat (adj)
4.119 erect /I"rekt/ (v)
build, put in position and stand up
◆ The town erected a statue to King
Harold in the main square. 䊳 erect
(adj), erection (n)
4.120 aside from
/@"saId fr@m/ (prep)
apart from ◆ Aside from winning a
lot of awards, the book also earned
her a lot of money!
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4.121 pose a problem
/%p@Uz @ "prQbl@m/ (idm)
make difficult ◆ His age poses a
problem. We really need someone
older.
4.122 vision /"vIZn/ (n)
Here: the ability to think ahead
and imagine sth for the future
◆ You can’t be a town planner
unless you have vision. You need to
imagine what will be needed in the
future. Usually: ability to see, area
that you can see 䊳 visionary (n)
4.123 originality /@%rIÙ@"n&l@ti/ (n)
the quality of being new and
interesting in a way that is
different from anything that has
existed before ◆ Arthur Rackham,
the illustrator, became famous for
the originality of his black and
white drawings. 䊳 original (adj),
origin (n), origins (n pl), originate
(v), originally (adv)
4.124 following /"f2Ql@UIN/ (n)
people who like and support your
work ◆ The band ‘Kream’ have a
small but loyal following.
4.125 aura /"O:r@/ (n)
a feeling or particular quality that
surrounds a person or thing
◆ There’s an aura of calmness
about her wherever she goes.
4.126 binoculars
/bI"nQkj@l@z/ (n pl)
an instrument made from two
magnifying lenses that you use to
see things in the distance
Vocabulary
4.127 news bulletin
/"nju:z %bUl@tIn/ (n)
main points of current events
today ◆ I always watch the 5.30
news bulletin just to get the most
recent events.
4.128 chat show /"Í&t %S@U/ (n)
programme where famous people
are interviewed
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4.129 commentator
/"kQm@nteIt@(r)/ (n)
person who describes an event
while it is happening on radio
or television 䊳 commentate (v),
commentary (n)
4.130 additional /@"dIS@nl/ (adj)
extra ◆ The additional money she’s
earning will be a great help to the
family. 䊳 addition (n), add (v)
4.131 pressure /"preS@(r)/ (n)
feelings of stress and anxiety
caused by the need to achieve sth
or behave in a particular way ◆
The pressure to finish all this work
by the weekend is enormous! If we
don’t, we may lose the order.
4.132 struggle /"strVgl/ (v)
do sth with difficulty ◆ Single
mothers often struggle to bring
up their children because they
don’t get much help from the
government. 䊳 struggle (n),
struggling (adj)
4.133 host /h@Ust/ (n)
person who introduces people on a
TV show. ◆ The host of the reality
show is a famous comic actor.
䊳 host (v)
Listening
4.134 gadget /"g&ÙIt/ (n)
small tool or device that helps us
do things more quickly or easily
4.135 lyrics /"lIrIks/ (n pl)
words of a song ◆ I love the music
but I can’t understand the lyrics!
䊳 lyrical (adj)
4.136 conceptual art
/k@n%sepÍu@l "A:t/ (n)
art that represents an idea and is
not a traditional form ◆ A lot of
people don’t like or understand
conceptual art. Is a messy bed
really art?
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4.137 breakthrough
/"breIkTru:/ (n)
an important development
that may lead to a significant
achievement ◆ Scientists have
made a breakthrough in finding a
new drug for malaria.
4.138 episode /"epIs@Ud/ (n)
one part of a longer story or film
◆ The story has been filmed in six
episodes. The first will be shown on
Monday at 5.30. 䊳 episodic (adj)
4.139 sheet /Si:t/ (n)
Here: large, flat pieces
of material
4.140 stiff /stIf/ (adj)
difficult to bend, sometimes
hurting ◆ My shoulder’s very stiff
after all that gardening yesterday.
4.141 thought-provoking
/"TO:t pr@%v@UkIN/ (adj)
making you think ◆ There’s a
very thought-provoking article
in the newspaper today about
environmental problems.
4.142 peel /pi:l/ (v)
take the skin off a fruit or
vegetable
4.143 invest /In"vest/ (v)
put money into a project hoping
for a profit ◆ Mr Holmes invests in
property and has made millions on
buying and selling houses.
䊳 investment (n), investor (n)
4.144 odour /"@Ud@(r)/ (n)
smell ◆ There’s a strange odour in
here. Did you leave some old milk
in the fridge? 䊳 odourless (adj)
4.145 choreography /%kQri"Qgr@
fi/ (n)
the art of designing and arranging
dance moves ◆ The choreography
was a little simple but I thought the
dancers were good. 䊳 choreograph
(v), choreographer (n)
4.146 writer’s block
/%raIt@z "blQk/ (n)
inability to think of anything to
write ◆ The novelist had writer’s
block and hadn’t written a book
for six years.
Use of English
4.147 abandon /@"b&nd@n/ (v)
stop, leave ◆ When the car broke
down he abandoned it by the side
of the road and walked home.
4.148 critic /"krItIk/ (n)
person whose job is to write a
report on new films, books, etc.
◆ The critics hated the film but
I loved it! 䊳 criticise (v), critical
(adj)
4.149 bestseller /%best"sel@(r)/ (n)
book that is extremely popular and
sells well
4.150 decade /"dekeId/ (n)
period of ten years
4.151 alien /"eIli@n/ (n)
person from another planet 䊳 alien
(adj), alienate (v)
4.152 invade /In"veId/ (v)
enter another country by force
䊳 invader (n), invasion (n)
4.153 destroy /dI"strOI/ (v)
make useless, hurt, break ◆ He
destroyed all his paintings because
he thought they were bad.
䊳 destruction (n)

Real or fake?
Words and phrases
Reading
5.01 fake /feIk/ (adj)
not the real thing but made to look
like it ◆ Katy’s designer handbag is
fake – it was too cheap to be real!
䊳 fake (n, v)
5.02 forgery /"fO:Ù@ri/ (n)
sth written that is not real but
made to look like it ◆ The letter
wasn’t really written by John
Lennon. It’s an obvious forgery.
䊳 forge (v), forger (n), forged (adj)
5.03 own up /%@Un "Vp/ (phr v)
admit you did sth, say it was you
◆ Someone damaged the teacher’s
car. No one owned up so we all
had to stay after school.
5.04 crack /kr&k/ (v)
break sth so that there is a line in
it ◆ I accidentally knocked over the
cup and cracked it. 䊳 crack (n),
cracked (adj)
5.05 ornament /"O:n@m@nt/ (n)
a small object used as a decoration
䊳 ornamental (adj)
5.06 con /kQn/ (n)
trick, act of cheating sb ◆ The
telephone competition was a con
but lots of people believed it. 䊳 con
(v), conned (adj)
5.07 fraud /frO:d/ (n)
the crime of deceiving sb to get
money illegally ◆ He went to prison
for fraud after he was caught
stealing money from the company.
䊳 defraud (v), fraudulent (adj)
5.08 impostor /Im"pQst@(r)/ (n)
sb who isn’t who he says he is
◆ They thought Matthew was their
cousin but he was an imposter.
5.09 pose as /"p@Uz @z/ (v)
pretend to be ◆ The man posed as
a window cleaner and stole all her
money. 䊳 poser (n), pose (n)
5.10 get on with /%get "Qn wID/ (phr v)
have a friendly relationship with
◆ It’s difficult to get on with Ralph
because he has such different
interests to me.
5.11 environmentalist /
In%vaIr@n"ment@lIst/ (n)
person who is concerned about the
environment 䊳 environment (n),
environmental (adj)
5.12 surgeon /"s3:Ù@n/ (n)
doctor who does operations
◆ Lenny’s uncle is a surgeon and
does heart operations. 䊳 surgery (n)
5.13 serve (in) /"s3:v (In)/ (v)
have a job in the armed forces
◆ My grandad served in the
Falklands when he was younger.
5.14 troops /tru:ps/ (n pl)
armed forces ◆ The troops who
were abroad for Christmas received
special food parcels.
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5
5.15 supply /s@"plaI/ (n)
amount of sth that is provided or
available to use ◆ The supply of oil
to the village was stopped during
the war.䊳 supply (v), supplier (n),
supplies (n pl)
5.16 coma /"k2@Um@/ (n)
deep sleep after an illness or
accident which is difficult to wake
from ◆ Some people can be in a
coma for years and still wake up
eventually. 䊳 comatose (adj)
5.17 scar /skA:(r)/ (n)
mark on the skin after an injury
has got better ◆ Do you know how
Terry got that scar on his chin?
䊳 scar (v), scarred (adj)
5.18 conceal /k@n"si:l/ (v)
hide sth ◆ When he applied for the
job he concealed his real age.
䊳 concealment (n)
5.19 re-emerge /%ri: I"m3:Ù/ (v)
come back into view ◆ The author
hid from the press for five years but
then re-emerged with a good new
book earlier this year.
5.20 release /rI"li:s/ (v)
allow out of prison ◆ The murderer
was released after only three years
in prison. 䊳 release (n)
5.21 flock /flQk/ (v)
go or gather together in a large
group ◆ People flocked to the shops
when the sales began. 䊳 flock (n)
1
Vocabulary
5.22 bellow /"bel@U/ (v)
shout in a loud voice ◆ The
teacher bellowed at me to leave the
classroom immediately! 䊳 bellow (n)
5.23 mumble /"mVmbl/ (v)
speak in a low voice, unclearly
◆ He mumbled something about
being late and left. 䊳 mumble (n)
5.24 murmur /"m3:m@(r)/ (v)
speak in a low voice ◆ I heard
Beth murmur something to Helen
in class but I don’t know what she
actually said. 䊳 murmur (n)
5.25 confess /k@n"fes/ (v)
◆
say you have done sth bad The
criminal confessed to ten robberies.
䊳 confession (n)
5.26 object /@b"Ùekt/ (v)
not agree to sth ◆ The people in
the area objected to the plans for
a new motorway. 䊳 objection (n),
objectionable (adj)
5.27 beg /beg/ (v)
ask for sth in an anxious way
◆ Isabelle begged me to lend her
my car for the evening because she
needed to go to London. 䊳 beggar (n)
Grammar
5.28 kidnapper /"kIdn&p@(r)/ (n)
person who takes people illegally
and makes others pay money to
get them back. ◆ The kidnappers
wanted a million pounds to give
the baby back to its parents.
䊳 kidnap (v)
5.29 carpenter /"kA:pInt@(r)/ (n)
person who makes and repairs
wooden objects ◆ We employed
a carpenter to build us new doors
and shelves. 䊳 carpentry (n unc)
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Listening
5.30 choir /"kwaI@(r)/ (n)
group of people who sing together
as in a church.
5.31 inevitable /In"evIt@bl/ (adj)
sth that will definitely happen,
unavoidable ◆ It’s inevitable that
one of their children will go to
university – the parents are so
clever. 䊳 inevitability (n)
5.32 contrast /"kQntrA:st/ (n)
difference that can be seen clearly
when two or more things are
compared ◆ There is a big contrast
between life for rich and poor people.
䊳 contrast (v), contrasting (adj)
5.33 fool /fu:l/ (v)
succeed in persuading sb that sth
is true when it isn’t ◆ Mick fooled
me into believing that he was half
Spanish! There’s no one Spanish in his
family at all! 䊳 fool (n), foolish (adj)
5.34 classical /"kl&sIkl/ (adj)
traditional in style and often
considered important ◆ I often listen
to classical music when I’m travelling
– Mozart or Bach usually. 䊳 classics
(n pl), classic (n, adj)
5.35 individual /%IndI"vIÙu@l/ (n)
a person, considered separately
rather than part of a group
◆ Jack’s only a baby but he’s a real
individual! He’s got his own little
personality already. 䊳 individual
(adj), individuality (n unc)
5.36 punk /pVNk/ (n)
person who follows a fashion
popular in the 1970s with brightly
coloured hair, metal chains and
torn clothes
5.37 based (on) /"beIst (%Qn)/ (adj)
using certain information to create
a story or form an opinion ◆ We
must make a decision based on
the interviews we had with the
applicants. 䊳 base (v), basic (adj),
basics (n pl)
5.38 respectable /rI"spekt@bl/ (adj)
thought of as correct, acceptable
◆ Mr. Payne is a respectable old
man, living with his wife and two
children in a pretty house in town.
No one could imagine that he used
to be a rock singer! 䊳 respect (n, v),
respectful (adj), respected (adj)
5.39 rock chick /"rQk %ÍIk/ (n)
young girl who sings rock music
Speaking
5.40 generalise /"Ùenr@laIz/ (v)
make a general statement about
sth ◆ You can’t generalise about
young people because of what you
see on TV! 䊳 generalisation (n),
general (adj)
5.41 on balance
/%Qn "b&l@ns/ (phr)
generally, taking everything into
consideration ◆ The business has
had a few bad months but on
balance I think we’ve done very
well!
Use of English
5.42 sane /seIn/ (adj)
not mad ◆ The killer was quite
sane when he murdered the
woman. He’ll definitely go to
prison. 䊳 sanity (n), insane (adj)
5.43 sympathetically
/%sImp@"TetIkli/ (adv)
with an understanding manner
◆ My teacher listened
sympathetically when I told her
about my problems and gave me
some good advice. 䊳 sympathetic
(adj), sympathy (n), sympathise (v)
5.44 erupt /I"rVpt/ (v)
when a volcano starts to send hot
liquid and ash into the air.
◆ Hundreds of villagers had to
leave their homes when the volcano
erupted. 䊳 eruption (n)
5.45 distinguish /dI"stINgwIS/ (v)
tell the difference between two or
more things or people ◆ It’s hard
for anyone to distinguish between
the twins. They look exactly the
same!
5.46 aware /@"we@(r)/ (adj)
know or realise sth ◆ I’m quite
aware of that thank you. You don’t
need to tell me again. 䊳 awareness
(n), unaware (adj)
5.47 computer-generated
/k@m%pju:t@ "Ùen@reItId/ (adj)
not real, made by a computer ◆ In
The Lord of the Rings they used
thousands of computer-generated
characters in the fights.
5.48 sink /sINk/ (v)
go down under the water ◆ I made
a model boat but when I put it in
the water it sank immediately! !
irregular: sank, sunk
5.49 close-up /"kl@Us %Vp/ (adj)
very short distance away from the
subject of a film or photo ◆ He has
a close-up photo of his dog by his
computer.
Vocabulary
5.50 direct /d@"rekt, dI-, daI-/ (adj)
saying exactly what you think
◆ Please be direct with me. I need
to know your opinion of the work.
䊳 directness (n)
5.51 offend /@"fend/ (v)
make sb feel upset because what
you say is rude ◆ I was really
offended by Susie’s rude comments
about my new dress. 䊳 offensive
(adj), offence (n)
Writing
5.52 white lie /%waIt "laI/ (n)
a small lie, especially one told to
avoid hurting sb ◆ My friend asked
me if I liked her new haircut. I
hated it so I had to tell a white lie.
5.53 policy /"pQl@si/ (n)
plan of action or way of behaving
◆ The government has a new policy
towards crime. They’re going to get
much harder on criminals.
5.54 reassurance
/%ri:@"SU@r@ns/ (n)
making sb feel happier about a
situation, that things are better
than they seem ◆ The teacher gave
the student some reassurance that
she wouldn’t inform her parents
about her absences from school.
䊳 reassure (v), reassured (adj),
reassuring (adj)
5.55 immoral /I"mQr@l/ (adj)
against an accepted way of acting
or behaving ◆ Many people believe
that it’s immoral for some people to
be super rich while others are very
poor. 䊳 immorality (n unc), moral
(adj), morality (n unc)
5.56 consequence
/"kQnsIkw@ns/ (n)
result of an action ◆ The student
stole money from other students
and as a consequence she had to
leave the school. 䊳 consequently
(adv), consequent (adj)
5.57 sum up /%sVm "Vp/ (v)
summarise ◆ The head teacher
summed up by saying that he
thought it had been an excellent
year for the school.
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5.58 tolerant /"tQl@r@nt/ (adj)
accepting other people’s ideas
or way of thinking ◆ My dad is
very tolerant. He believes everyone
has the right to have their own
views even if he doesn’t agree with
them. 䊳 tolerate (v), tolerance (n),
intolerant (adj)
5.59 wipe /waIp/ (v)
clean by using a cloth
5.60 amateur /"&m@t@(r)/ (n)
person who is not trained or paid
to do sth ◆ Lindy isn’t a real
actress, she’s just an amateur. But
she’s very good! 䊳 amateur (adj)
5.61 fossil /"fQsl/ (n)
remains of an animal or plant
which have become hard and
turned into rock ◆ The museum
has a lot of fossils from the time of
the dinosaurs. 䊳 fossilise (v)
5.62 represent /%reprI"zent/ (v)
be, show ◆ The statistics represented
the progress the company had made
in a year. 䊳 representation (n),
representative (n, adj)
5.63 ancestor /"&nsest@(r)/ (n)
person who lived before us either
in our family or in the history of
man ◆ Our ancestors used to hunt
animals in the forest to get food to
live on. 䊳 ancestral (adj)
5.64 jigsaw /"ÙIgsO:/ (n)
puzzle, complicated problem
◆ When detectives discovered the
missing ring buried in the garden
they knew they had found the final
piece of the jigsaw.
5.65 substance /"sVbst@ns/ (n)
type of material, solid, liquid or
gas ◆ The students were playing
with a substance that left their
fingers blue! 䊳 substantial (adj)
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Reading
5.66 UFO /%ju: %ef "@U/ (n)
Unidentified Flying Object, strange
object people claim to see in the
sky and often believe to be a
spaceship ◆ I thought I saw a UFO
last summer but it was just an
aeroplane.
5.67 sighting /"saItIN/ (n)
when sb sees sth, especially sth
unusual ◆ There were two sightings of
the big cat in the forest last Spring.
5.68 witness /"wItn@s/ (n)
person who sees sth happening
◆ There was no witness to the
crash so no one knows whose fault
it was. 䊳 witness (v)
5.69 rational /"r&Sn@l/ (adj)
logical, having a good reason
◆ I couldn’t find a rational
explanation for what I saw. I’m
sure it was a ghost. 䊳 irrational (adj),
rationalise (v), rationally (adv)
5.70 on duty /%Qn "dju:ti/ (phr)
working at a particular time
◆ The doctor was on duty for 48
hours without a break.
5.71 shooting star
/"Su:tIN %stA:(r)/ (n)
rock in space that travels very fast
and burns with a bright light
h see meteor
5.72 meteor /"mi:ti@(r)/ (n)
rock in space that travels very fast
and burns with a bright light
䊳 meteoric (adj)
5.73 faint /feInt/ (adj)
not bright ◆ There’s a faint mark on
my T shirt where I spilled the sauce
but it’s not too bad. 䊳 faint (v)
5.74 unidentifiable
/%VnaI"dentIfaI@bl/ (adj)
impossible to know who or what
it is ◆ The marks in the earth are
unidentifiable because of the heavy
rain. 䊳 identifiable (adj), identify
(v), identity (n)
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5.75 wear on /%we@r "Qn/ (phr v)
to pass, especially in a way that
seems slow ◆ As the day wore on
Dave’s new shoes hurt more and
more.
5.76 thick and fast
/%TIk @n "fA:st/ (phr)
more and more often ◆ After
the news programme, reports of
sightings came thick and fast.
5.77 concentration
/%kQns@n"treISn/ (n)
Here: a lot of things in one place
◆ There has been a concentration
of sightings in the north west. 䊳
concentrate (v) Usually: the ability
to put all your attention on one
thing
5.78 passage /"p&sIÙ/ (n)
movement from one place to
another ◆ The passage of goods
through the Panama Canal greatly
increased the levels of international
trade.
5.79 headquarters
/%hed"kwO:t@z/ (n pl)
the main office of a company
5.80 hysteria /hI"stI@ri@/ (n)
when anger, fear or laughter
becomes uncontrollable ◆ The TV
programme showed the hysteria
among the children after ghosts
had been seen in the old school.
䊳 hysterical (adj)
5.81 strained /streInd/ (adj)
tense, under pressure ◆ The
atmosphere in the room after Kathy
accused Rita of stealing was very
strained.
5.82 hang up /%h&N "Vp/ (phr v)
finish a phone call ◆ He wished me
happy birthday and then hung up!
5.83 at a loss /%@t @ "lQs/ (phr)
not knowing what to do ◆ I was at
a loss as to how to reassure Rose
about the exam. She was so upset.
5.84 hover /"hQv@(r)/ (v)
stay in the air without moving
◆ The helicopter hovered over the
airfield for a minute before flying
off.
5.85 solid /"sQlId/ (adj)
hard or firm, not liquid or gas
◆ The ice was solid on the water
and we couldn’t break it. 䊳 solid
(n), solidify (v)
5.86 row /r@U/ (n)
line ◆ We put the seats in rows for
the concert.
5.87 telepathic /%teli"p&TIk/ (adj)
able to communicate thoughts
◆ My cat is telepathic. It always
knows when I’m on my way home!
䊳 telepathy (n unc)
5.88 rook /rUk/ (n)
large black bird of the crow family
5.89 crow /kr@U/ (n)
large black bird with a harsh cry
5.90 allegedly /@"leÙIdli/ (adv)
it is thought that ◆ This is the man
who allegedly stole ten million
pounds from the airport. 䊳 allege
(v), alleged (adj)
5.91 shield /Si:ld/ (v)
protect ◆ They shielded the young
pop star from the reporters and
wouldn’t allow anyone to talk to
her. 䊳 shield (n), shielded (adj)
5.92 ridicule /"rIdIkju:l/ (n)
unkind comments that make fun of
sb or make them look silly ◆ When
I was at college my clothes were
a subject of ridicule – I had such
strange tastes in fashion then!
䊳 ridicule (v), ridiculous (adj)
5.93 rumbling /"rVmblIN/ (adj)
with a long deep sound or series of
sounds like thunder 䊳 rumbling (n)
5.94 bat /b&t/ (n)
small mouse-like animal with big
wings that flies at night
5.95 deck /dek/ (n)
part of boat you can walk on
◆ The new cruise liner was
enormous and had five decks.
5.96 make out
/%meIk "aUt/ (phr v)
manage to see sth ◆ I could just
make out a dark shape in the fog.
5.97 helmet /"helmIt/ (n)
sth you wear on your head to
protect you ◆ When I was young I
hated wearing a cycling helmet but
it’s dangerous not to.
5.98 singe /sInÙ/ (v)
burn sth slightly ◆ He put out the
small fire in the kitchen but his
hair was singed by the flames.
Vocabulary
5.99 take the blame for
/%teIk D@ "bleIm f@/ (phr)
accept responsibility for, say it
was your fault ◆ I always took the
blame for whatever my baby sister
did. I loved her so much!
5.100 coming /"kVmIN/ (adj)
next ◆ We’ll hear more about the
accident in the coming days.
Listening
5.101 screenplay /"skri:npleI/ (n)
story in dialogue form for films
and TV programmes
5.102 flee /fli:/ (v)
run away ◆ When the volcano
erupted people fled to escape the
danger h irregular: fled, fled
5.103 adaptation /%&d&p"teISn/ (n)
a film or play that has been
changed from its original form,
e.g. as a book ◆ I loved the book
Atonement but I didn’t like the
film adaptation at all. 䊳 adapt (v)
5.104 novel /"nQvl/ (adj)
unusual ◆ It’s a novel idea but I’m
not sure it will work! 䊳 novelty (n)
5.105 evacuate /I"v&kjueIt/ (v)
move people from a place of
danger to a safer place ◆ Last
summer they had to evacuate a
whole town because of terrible
flooding. 䊳 evacuation (n), evacuee
(n)
5.106 instant /"Inst@nt/ (adj)
immediate ◆ There was an instant
respect between us from the
day we first met. 䊳 instant (n),
instantaneous (adj)
5.107 cause a stir
/%kO:z @ "st3:(r)/ (phr)
make people react strongly ◆ The
boss caused quite a stir when he
said that all overtime next week
was cancelled! People were really
angry. 䊳 stir (v), stirring (adj)
5.108 brief /bri:f/ (adj)
short ◆ Dave wrote a brief article
about the project for the college
magazine. 䊳 brief (v), briefly (adv)
5.109 load /l@Ud/ (v)
put bullets in a gun ◆ Ronson
loaded his gun when he heard the
people trying to get into the flat.
䊳 load (n), loaded (adj)
5.110 cellar /"sel@(r)/ (n)
room under the ground floor, often
used for keeping wine
5.111 potent /"p@Ut@nt/ (adj)
strong, powerful ◆ Whiskey can be
a very potent drink if you are not
used to drinking it.
5.112 take it for granted /%teIk It
f@ "grA:ntId/ (phr)
accept sth automatically without
thinking about it ◆ Betty took it
for granted that she would get
high marks in the exams – but she
didn’t!
5.113 outcry /"aUtkraI/ (n)
reaction of anger or strong protest
shown by people in public ◆
There was a huge outcry when
the government tried to increase
taxation by 5%.
5.114 irresponsible
/%IrI"spQns@bl/ (adj)
not thinking enough about the
effects of what you do ◆ It’s
irresponsible of TV channels to
show violent films at a time when
children are watching.
䊳 irresponsibly (adv), responsible
(adj), responsibility (n)
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5.115 undertake /%Vnd@"teIk/ (v)
promise, assure ◆ The politician
undertook never to lie about his
finances again. 䊳 undertaking (n)
5.116 device /dI"vaIs/ (n)
Here: method of doing sth that
produces a particular result ◆ The
use of a narrator in the theatre
is a device familiar from Greek
tragedies. Usually: object or
piece of equipment that has been
designed to do a particular job
Use of English
5.117 misunderstand
/%mIsVnd@"st&nd/ (v)
understand incorrectly ◆ I
misunderstood the instructions and
didn’t arrive at the right time.
5.118 misbehave /%mIsbI"heIv/ (v)
behave badly
5.119 underestimate
/%Vnd@r"estImeIt/ (v)
think sth is smaller or less than
it actually is ◆ I underestimated
the time it takes to walk to Steve’s
house and I got there really late.
䊳 estimate (v), estimation (n),
estimated (adj)
5.120 antisocial /%&nti"s@USl/ (adj)
not enjoying being with other
people ◆ He’s very antisocial.
He never comes out with us in a
group.
5.121 firm evidence
/%f3:m "evId2@ns/ (phr)
sth that shows definitely that sth is
true ◆ There is no firm evidence to
link Paul to the robbery.
5.122 creature /"kri:Í@(r)/ (n)
sth living ◆ There are strange
creatures that live at the very
bottom of the ocean.
5.123 squid /skwId/ (n)
a sea creature with a long soft
body that uses dark ink to protect
itself
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5.124 spur (on) /%sp3:r ("Qn)/ (v)
encourage to continue ◆ The work
was very boring but I was spurred
on by the thought that I was
earning a lot of money. 䊳 spur (n)

5.125 redouble your efforts

/ri:%dVbl jO:r "ef@ts/ (phr)
try twice as hard

5.126 specimen /"spesIm@n/ (n)

example of sth ◆ We were
looking for unusual mushrooms
and collected some interesting
specimens in the forest.

5.127 habitat /"h&bIt&t/ (n)

natural home ◆ I enjoy watching
films of animals in their natural
habitats. 䊳 habitation (n), inhabit
(v), inhabited (adj), inhabitant (n)

5.128 drift /drIft/ (v)

move slowly in water or in the
air ◆ The boat broke free from its
moorings and drifted out to sea.

5.129 bait /beIt/ (n)

sth used to attract and catch sth
◆ We always use flies as bait when
we fish in the river.

5.130 eager /"i:g@/ (adj)

enthusiastic, keen ◆ Nicky is
always eager to get to school in the
morning!

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Journeys
Words and phrases
Lead in
6.01 epic /"epIk/ (adj)
very great and impressive ◆ Hillary
will always be remembered for
his epic climb of Mount Everest in
1953. 䊳 epic (n)
6.02 articulated lorry
/A:%tIkj@leItId "lQri/ (n)
long vehicle with two or more
sections that move separately so
that it can go round corners more
easily ◆ You have to have a special
licence to drive an articulated lorry
䊳 6.09 blister /"blIst@(r)/ (n)
6.03 motivational
/%m@UtI"veIS@nl/ (adj)
encouraging people to succeed
◆ His speech was very motivational
and we could all see the benefits
of getting good results. 䊳 motivate
(v), motivation (n), motivated
(adj)
6.04 break a record
/%breIk @ "rekO:d/ (phr)
achieve a better result than has
been done before, usually in sport
or competition ◆ Yesterday children
at the ice rink broke the record for
the longest line of people on ice.
There were over 200 of them!
6.05 thunderstorm
/"TVnd@stO:m/ (n)
storm with thunder and lightning
and usually heavy rain ◆ You
should never stand under a tree
during a thunderstorm because the
lightning might hit the tree.
6.06 strengthen /"streNT@n/ (v)
make stronger ◆ Drink a lot of
milk and it will strengthen your
teeth and bones. 䊳 strength (n),
strong (adj)
6.07 odyssey /"Qd@si/ (n)
very long journey full of different
experiences
6.08 disillusioned
/%dIsI"lu:Znd/ (adj)
disappointed because what you
believed to be good now seems
without value ◆ After working
for the film company for a month
Sarah became disillusioned. She’d
thought it was going to be much
more exciting. 䊳 disillusion (v),
disillusionment (n unc), illusion
(n)
painful place on the skin after
rubbing against sth like a shoe
◆ Andy had terrible blisters on
his feet after running the London
Marathon. 䊳 blister (v), blistered
(adj)
6.10 swell /swel/ (v)
get bigger ◆ My knee swelled up
when I fell over playing tennis. I
couldn’t pull my jeans over it!
䊳 swollen (adj), swelling (n)
6.11 aching /"eIkIN/ (adj)
hurting, pain that is not sharp
but goes on for a long time ◆ I
worked at the computer for too long
yesterday and went to bed with an
aching head. 䊳 ache (n, v)
6.12 ankle /?/ (n)
joint where the foot meets the leg
◆ Did you know that Tom broke
his ankle on Saturday during the
match? He can’t play for six weeks.
6.13 dozen /"dVzn/ (n)
twelve ◆ Can I have a dozen eggs
please?
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6.14 tube /tju:b/ (n)
long narrow container for thick
liquids ◆ Do they sell the skin
cream in tubes or is it only in
bottles? 䊳 tubular (adj)
6.15 contemplate
/"kQnt@mpleIt/ (v)
think about, consider ◆ When
my dad was young he never
contemplated going to college but
now he wishes he had.
䊳 contemplation (n)
6.16 calf /kA:f/ (n)
back of the leg below the knee
6.17 fearsome /"fI@s@m/ (adj)
frightening ◆ In the book the
soldiers meet some fearsome
animals in the forest. 䊳 fear (n),
fearful (adj)
6.18 trail /treIl/ (v)
follow ◆ The police trailed the
suspect for three days but he did
nothing wrong. 䊳 trail (n), trailing
(adj)
6.19 smash a record
/%sm&S @ "rekO:d/ (phr)
beat the best ever result by a long
way ◆ Phil smashed the school high
jump record by several centimetres.
6.20 set a record
/%set @ "rekO:d/ (phr)
establish the best result that has
ever been recorded ◆ Katy set the
record for eating the most biscuits
in ten minutes!
6.21 hip /hIp/ (n)
part of the side of the body between
the top of the leg and the waist
6.22 elbow /"elb@U/ (n)
part of the body where the arm
bends
1
6.23 skinny /"skIni/ (adj)
very thin ◆ She’s very skinny these
days but it doesn’t suit her. ! not
polite 䊳 skin (n)
6.24 for the time being
/f@ D@ %taIm "bi:IN/ (phr)
at the moment, temporarily ◆ For
the time being I’m working at the
supermarket but I hope to go back
to college later in the year.
6.25 in the long term
/%In D@ "lQN %t3:m/ (phr)
over a long period of time in the
future ◆ We’re happy living here
at the moment but in the long
term I think we’ll make a home in
America.
6.26 on the cards
/%Qn D@ "kA:dz/ (idm)
likely to happen ◆ It’s on the cards
that the film will win at least three
Oscars. h informal
Vocabulary
6.27 platform /"pl&tfO:m/ (n)
place in a station where the trains
stop
6.28 check-in /"Íek %In/ (n)
place in an airport where you give
in your cases and receive a pass to
get on the plane
6.29 departure lounge
/dI"pA:Í@ %laUnÙ/ (n)
place in an airport where you wait
to get on the plane
6.30 customs /"kVst@mz/ (n pl)
the place at an airport where your
bags may be checked as you come
into a country◆ They didn’t stop
me in customs. I came through
quite quickly.
6.31 baggage /"b&gIÙ/ (n unc)
cases and bags you take on a
journey ◆ I was only going to stay
for the weekend so I didn’t have
much baggage.
6.32 cabin /"k&bIn/ (n)
place on a plane or boat where
people travel
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6.33 mast /mA:st/ (n)
tall pole on a boat where the sails
are connected ◆ In the high winds
the small boat lost its mast and
nearly sank.
6.34 propeller /pr@"pel@(r)/ (n)
a device with two or more blades
that turns quickly to allow a boat
or plane to move through the
water or air 䊳 propel (v)
6.35 barge /bA:Ù/ (n)
boat that transports things along a
river
6.36 hovercraft /"hQv@krA:ft/ (n)
boat that travels slightly above the
water on a cushion of air 䊳 hover
(v)
6.37 ferry /"feri/ (n)
large boat that transports
passengers across water 䊳 ferry (v)
6.38 scooter /"sku:t@(r)/ (n)
small motorbike
6.39 visa /"vi:z@/ (n)
official document you need to
travel to some countries ◆ Diana
had to return to England because
her visa had run out.
6.40 board /bO:d/ (v)
to get on a plane or boat
◆ Passengers with young children
are allowed to board the plane first.
6.41 gate /geIt/ (n)
place where passengers leave the
airport building to board a plane
◆ The plane for Madrid is boarding
at Gate 15.
6.42 boarding pass
/"bO:dIN %pA:s/ (n)
ticket you need when getting on a
plane
6.43 to cap it all
/t@ %k&p It "O:l/ (idm)
the final and worst/best thing to
happen ◆ We queued for hours to
buy tickets for the concert and to
cap it all it started to rain!
6.44 runway /"rVnweI/ (n)
strip of ground that planes use to
take off and land at an airport
Grammar
6.45 fancy dress
/%f&nsi "dres/ (adj)
clothes worn especially at a party
to make you look like sb else ◆ My
dad always dresses up as Batman
when he goes to a fancy dress
party!
6.46 theme /Ti:m/ (n)
subject or main idea ◆ We’re
going to see an art exhibition
today and its theme is ‘The French
Countryside’. 䊳 thematic (adj)
6.47 steer /stI@(r)/ (v)
direct a car or boat ◆ When I was
learning to drive I had real trouble
steering the car round roundabouts!
6.48 grounded /"graUndId/ (adj)
when a boat goes into shallow
water and can’t move because it
has hit the bottom ◆ While we
were fishing the boat drifted into
shallow water and we became
grounded. 䊳 ground (n)
6.49 wade /weId/ (v)
walk with difficulty through water
◆ We saw a box in the sea and
Oliver waded out to see what it
was.
6.50 steady /"stedi/ (adj)
not moving up and down ◆ I don’t
get sick when the boat is steady
but if the sea is rough I get very ill!
unsteady (adj), steady (v)
6.51 alongside /@%lQN"saId/ (adv)
next to or at the side of sth else
◆ Our boat wouldn’t start but Gary
came alongside in his boat and
helped us.
6.52 minimise /"mInImaIz/ (v)
reduce to the lowest possible level
◆ You can minimise the risk of
catching a cold by eating lots of fruit.
䊳 minimal (adj), minimalist (adj)
Listening
6.53 crossing /"krQsIN/ (n)
journey a ferry makes from one
place to another ◆ The crossing
took two hours because of the high
winds. 䊳 cross (v)
6.54 flat tyre /%fl&t "taI@(r)/ (n)
when the air has gone out of the
rubber ring in a car or bicycle
wheel
6.55 traffic warden
/"tr&fIk %wO:dn/ (n)
person whose job is to check
where and when people park their
cars ◆ Luckily the traffic warden
didn’t notice we had parked the car
in the wrong place.
6.56 fill up /%fIl "Vp/ (v)
put as much petrol in your car as
it can take ◆ We filled up before we
set off on the long journey.
6.57 stop /stQp/ (n)
where a person gets off a bus or
train ◆ Gareth fell asleep on the
train and missed his stop!
6.58 plus /plVs/ (prep)
as well as sth/sb ◆ I’m having 20
people to my party, plus family
makes 25.
6.59 congestion /k@n"ÙesÍ@n/ (n)
too much traffic ◆ There’s always
bad congestion on the motorway in
the rush hour. I prefer to take the
train to avoid it. 䊳 congested (adj),
congest (v)
6.60 lane /leIn/ (n)
narrow divisions of a road ◆ Keep
in the right hand lane when you
get to the roundabout.
6.61 fare /fe@(r)/ (n)
money you pay for a journey by
bus, train, plane, etc. ◆ Train fares
are going up again next month. It’s
so expensive now.
6.62 leak /li:k/ (n)
hole that allows liquid to come out
◆ There’s a leak in the pipe in the
kitchen and there’s water all over
the floor. 䊳 leak (v)
Speaking
6.63 excursion /Ik"sk3:Zn/ (n)
organised trip or short break
◆ While Jan and I were on holiday
in Egypt we went on an excursion
to the desert. It was fantastic.
6.64 option /"QpSn/ (n)
choice ◆ If we don’t go by plane,
what are the other options? 䊳 opt
(for) (v), optional (adj)
Use of English
6.65 forbidden /f@"bIdn/ (adj)
not allowed ◆ On this diet
chocolate is completely forbidden.
䊳 forbid (v), forbidding (adj)
Vocabulary
6.66 pay in full /%peI In "fUl/ (phr)
pay the complete amount ◆ I don’t
owe any money. I paid in full when
I made the booking.
6.67 come up to scratch
/%kVm Vp t@ "skr&Í/ (idm)
be good enough ◆ He was fired
because his work didn’t come up
to scratch. h Usually used in the
negative.
6.68 when it comes to
/%wen It "kVmz t@/ (phr)
when you’re thinking about or
considering ◆ I like singing but
when it comes to going on stage I
get very frightened.
6.69 it goes to show that
/%It "g@Uz t@ %S@U D@t/ (phr)
it proves that, from this you can
see that ◆ My aunt, who is 85, has
just had her first book published. It
goes to show that you’re never too
old to start a new career!
FCE Result © Oxford University Press
6.70 cruise /kru:z/ (n)
holiday on a large boat ◆ My
parents like cruises but I like to
have more freedom when I’m on
holiday. 䊳 cruise (v)
6.71 cell /sel/ (n)
room where prisoners are kept in
a prison ◆ The prisoner was locked
in his cell for 15 hours every day.
6.72 heartbroken
/"hA:tbr@Uk@n/ (adj)
very, very upset ◆ I was
heartbroken when our old cat
finally died. 䊳 heartbreak (n),
heartbreaking (adj)
Writing
6.73 take sb up on
/%teIk ... "Vp Qn/ (v)
accept an offer ◆ Rob said I could
borrow his laptop for the weekend
and I’m going to take him up on it.
6.74 be dying to
/%bi "daIIN t@/ (idm)
want very much to do sth ◆ I’m
dying to see the new James Bond
film. Will you come with me?
6.75 gear /gI@(r)/ (n)
clothes and equipment you need
for a particular activity ◆ I’ve put
all Stuart’s football gear in the car
in case he needs it.
6.76 stuff /stVf/ (n)
things ◆ A lot of the stuff on this
table is yours. Can you take it up
to your room? 䊳 stuff (v)
h informal
6.77 immigration /%ImI"greISn/ (n)
officials who check the documents
of people entering a country
䊳 immigrate (v), immigrant (n)
3
Review
6.78 essential /I"senSl/ (adj)
very important, necessary ◆ It’s
essential for you to have the right
visa. 䊳 essence (n)
6.79 nocturnal /nQk"t3:nl/ (adj)
active at night, not during the
day ◆ The owl is a nocturnal bird.
You’ll rarely see one during the day.
Workbook
Reading
6.80 breathtaking
/"breTteIkIN/ (adj)
very exciting ◆ In the film there’s
a breathtaking car chase through
the heart of the city. It’s simply
amazing that no one gets killed!
6.81 gift /gIft/ (n)
present ◆ It’s a custom to take a
gift when you visit someone’s new
house for the first time. 䊳 gifted
(adj)
6.82 diagnose /"daI@gn@Uz/ (v)
identify an illness or medical
problem ◆ The doctors didn’t
diagnose his illness in time and
unfortunately he died. 䊳 diagnosis
(n), diagnostic (adj)
6.83 incurable /In"kjU@r@bl/ (adj)
impossible to cure, make better
◆ Scientists believe that many
illnesses that are incurable today
will be curable in the next twenty
years. 䊳 cure (n, v), cured (adj)
6.84 condition /k@n"dISn/ (n)
illness or long-standing medical
problem ◆ Because of his condition
he can’t return to work for another
four weeks. 䊳 conditions (n pl),
conditional (adj), conditioning (n)
6.85 nerve-racking
/"n3:v %r&kIN/ (adj)
very frightening to do ◆ It must be
nerve-racking for the contestants
on the TV show when they have to
stand there waiting for the results.
4 FCE Result © Oxford University Press
6.86 unpredictable
/%VnprI"dIkt@bl/ (adj)
changeable, difficult to guess
what will happen ◆ Children’s
behaviour is often unpredictable.
You never know what they’re going
to do next! 䊳 predictable (adj),
predictability (n), predict (v),
prediction (n)
6.87 determined /dI"t3:mInd/ (adj)
having made a firm decision to do
sth ◆ Gina is taking her driving
test for the fifth time because she’s
determined to pass! 䊳 determine
(v), determination (n)
6.88 whale /weIl/ (n)
very large mammal that lives in
the sea and looks like a large fish
6.89 fearless /"fI@l@s/ (adj)
unafraid, having no fear ◆ People
who do extreme sports are usually
quite fearless.They don’t think
about the things that can go wrong.
䊳 fear (n), fearful (adj)
6.90 parachute /"p&r@Su:t/ (n)
a device that can be attached to
people to make them fall slowly
and safely from an aircraft
6.91 connect with /k@"nekt/ (v)
feel a link with, form a good
relationship with ◆ I went on an
adventure holiday last summer
but I didn’t really connect with the
other people. 䊳 connection (n),
connected (adj)
6.92 ranch /rA:nÍ/ (n)
large farm with cows and horses
especially in N and S America or
Australia
6.93 head off to
/%hed "Qf %tu:, t@/ (phr v)
go in the direction of ◆ After
dinner Jack and Penny headed off
to the night club.
6.94 register /"reÙIst@(r)/ (v)
record officially ◆ They registered
the baby’s birth two weeks later.
䊳 register (n), registration (n)
6.95 matter /"m&t@(r)/ (v)
be important ◆ Every student in
this school matters to the head
teacher – whether they’re very
clever or not.
Vocabulary
6.96 boot /bu:t/ (n)
part of car at the back that you can
put bags and cases in
6.97 handlebars
/"h&ndlbA:z/ (n pl)
metal bar with a handle at each
end that you hold when you’re
riding a bicycle
6.98 ignition /Ig"nISn/ (n)
you turn this on to start a car
6.99 saddle /"s&dl/ (n)
seat on a bicycle or motorbike
6.100 first aid kit
/%f3:st "eId %kIt/ (n)
box with things to help in medical
emergencies ◆ We always keep a
first aid kit in the back of the car.
6.101 terrain /t@"reIn/ (n)
ground ◆ The terrain was difficult
to drive over with the car but the
motorbikes had no problem!
6.102 junction /"ÙVNkSn/ (n)
where two or more roads meet
◆ Turn left at the junction and our
house is opposite the garage.
6.103 puncture /"pVNkÍ@(r)/ (n)
hole in the tyre of a car or bike
6.104 gust /gVst/ (n)
sudden wind ◆ Last night there
were some gusts of over 80 mph.
6.105 swerve /sw3:v/ (v)
change direction of a vehicle
quickly to avoid sth ◆ Dad swerved
because there was a dog in the
road and the car nearly crashed
into a wall.
 Listening
6.106 facilities /f@"sIl@tiz/ (n pl)
services, buildings, equipment,
etc. provided for entertainment
in a particular place ◆ We enjoy
living in this area because of all
the facilities – like the leisure centre
and the library.
6.107 tram /tr&m/ (n)
electric vehicle that runs on rails
through the streets of a town or
city
6.108 gaze /geIz/ (v)
look at for a long period of time
without real focus ◆ Nathan was
gazing out of the window in class
instead of doing the exercise.䊳 gaze
(n)
6.109 windscreen /"wIndskri:n/ (n)
front window of a car
6.110 campaigner
/k&m"peIn@(r)/ (n)
person who is trying to attract
attention to a particular issue
䊳 campaign (n)
6.114 mix (with) /"mIks (%wID)/ (v)
be friendly and play together
◆ Little girls of eight don’t often
mix with the boys in their class.
䊳 mixture (n), mixed (adj)
6.115 set down /%set "daUn/ (v)
stop to let a passenger get out,
often of a taxi ◆ The driver set me
down outside the hotel.
6.116 overtake /%@Uv@"teIk/ (v)
go past the car or vehicle in front of
you ◆ It’s very dangerous to overtake
when you’re going up a hill.
6.117 withstand /wID"st&nd/ (v)
be strong enough not to be
damaged or hurt by ◆ This old
house has withstood the wind and
the rain for hundreds of years.
6.118 equipped (with)
/I"kwIpt (%wID)/ (adj)
having as part of the design ◆ The
car comes equipped with the latest
electronic devices. 䊳 equipment (n
unc), equip (v)

6.111 monorail /"mQn@UreIl/ (n)

form of transport like a train using
one rail only and often up in the
air ◆ There was a monorail around
the theme park so you could see
everything from high up.

6.112 far from /"fA: fr@m/ (phr)

almost the opposite of sth ◆ Far
from earning a lot of money in
America Kim couldn’t even afford a
one room flat.

6.113 be set to
/%bi "set %tu:, t@/ (v)
be likely to happen in the near
future ◆ Petrol prices are set to
increase again next month.

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I get the message
Words and phrases
Reading
7.01 at your fingertips
/@t jO: "fINg@tIps/ (idm)
easy to reach, use ◆ When you’re
on the Internet you have all the
information you need at your
fingertips.
7.02 rescue /"reskju:/ (v)
save from a dangerous situation
◆ A man on the beach rescued my
sister when she swam out too far
and couldn’t get back. 䊳 rescue
(n), rescuer (n)
7.03 potential /p@"tenSl/ (adj)
possible in the future ◆ I’m
meeting a potential client this
afternoon. I’m pretty sure he wants
to hire us. 䊳 potential (n)
7.04 effective /I"fektIv/ (adj)
having a good result ◆ TV adverts
are very effective because so many
people see them. 䊳 effect (n),
effectively (adv)
7.05 clearing /"klI@rIN/ (n)
small area of land with nothing on it
◆ We put up our tents in a clearing
in the forest. 䊳 clear (adj, v)
7.06 soak /s@Uk/ (v)
make completely wet ◆ You need
to soak that shirt for a couple of
hours to get the mark out.
䊳 soaking (adj)
7.07 flash /fl&S/ (n)
quick bright light ◆ I saw a flash of
light between the trees for a second
but then it was dark again. 䊳 flash
(v), flashing (adj)
7.08 word of caution
/%w3:d @v "kO:Sn/ (phr)
short warning ◆ A word of caution
– hold onto your bag at all times
because of thieves. 䊳 cautious
(adj), caution (v)
7.09 spot /spQt/ (v)
notice, see ◆ We spotted a car
parking space right outside the
shop.
7.10 gunfire /"gVnfaI@(r)/ (n)
sound of guns firing ◆ We heard
gunfire in the bank and hid behind
the car.
7.11 pattern /"p&tn/ (n)
regular arrangement of lines,
shapes, colours, etc. ◆ I love the
flower pattern on your dress. It’s
really pretty.
7.12 life-raft /"laIf %rA:ft/ (n)
small boat carried for use in
emergencies
7.13 fold /f@Uld/ (v)
bend sth to make it smaller or
change its shape ◆ I folded the
newspaper and put it into my bag.
䊳 fold (n), folding (adj)
7.14 sufficient /s@"fISnt/ (adj)
enough ◆ I didn’t spend sufficient
time on this project and I could
have done better. 䊳 sufficiency (n),
sufficiently (adv)
7.15 convey /k@n"veI/ (v)
pass information from one person
to another ◆ Please convey my
thanks to your mother for a lovely
evening last Friday. h formal
FCE Result © Oxford University Press
7
7.16 widespread
/"waIdspred/ (adj)
over a large area, not limited ◆ The
effect of the computer virus was
widespread.
Vocabulary
7.17 hayfever /"heI%fi:v@(r)/ (n)
illness that affects the nose, eyes
and throat caused by certain plants
and flowers ◆ I always get hayfever
in August. My eyes go red and I
sneeze all the time.
7.18 theft /Teft/ (n)
stealing of an item ◆ Fred Pearce
was sent to prison for theft. He
stole two diamond rings from a
jeweller’s. 䊳 thief (n),
7.19 nationwide /%neISn"waId/ (adj)
happening all over the country
◆ There has been a nationwide
search for the men who robbed the
train.
7.20 crackdown /"kr&kdaUn/ (n)
severe action taken to stop a crime
or rule breaking ◆ There’s been
a crackdown on lateness at our
college this term. If we’re late we
have to have a very good reason.
7.21 block /blQk/ (v)
stop something moving through
a pipe, passage, road, etc. ◆ I lost
my phone and the company has
blocked it so no one can use it
now. 䊳 blockage (n)
7.22 network /"netw3:k/ (n)
system of roads, lines, tubes,
etc. that are all connected ◆ The
computers all use the same network
so they can communicate.
1
7.23 handset /"h&ndset/ (n)
mobile phone ◆ The company
provided all its employees with the
latest handsets.
7.24 police custody
/p@%li:s "kVst@di/ (n unc)
the state of being held in a police
station ◆ He’s been in police
custody for ten hours now. They’ll
release him soon. 䊳 custodial (adj)
7.25 convict /k@n"vIkt/ (v)
◆
find guilty The police think he
did the crime but they can’t prove
it so he’ll never be convicted.
䊳 convict (n), convicted (adj),
conviction (n)
7.26 fine /faIn/ (v)
make sb pay money as a
punishment ◆ He didn’t go to
prison. He was fined instead.
䊳 fine (n)
7.27 postmark /"p@UstmA:k/ (n)
mark on an envelope that shows
when and where it was posted.
7.28 collide with /k@"laId wID/ (v)
accidentally hit ◆ Tina collided with
the teacher as they were leaving the
classroom. 䊳 collision (n)
7.29 ransom /"r&ns@m/ (n)
money demanded by sb to set
free a person who is being held
illegally ◆ The police advised the
businessman’s family not to pay
the ransom. 䊳 ransom (v)
Listening
7.30 demonstration
/%dem@n"streISn/ (n)
showing others how sth works
◆ In our swimming class today
we watched a demonstration of
life-saving. 䊳 demonstrate (v),
demonstrative (adj)
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7.31 be at a loose end
/bi: @t @ %lu:s "end/ (idm)
Writing
having nothing special to do ◆ I’m
7.39 up to date /%Vp t@ "deIt/ (adj)
at a loose end. I’ll help you clean
modern, fashionable, having the
the car if you like.
most recent information ◆ I’m
7.32 a bite to eat quite up to date with the latest
/@ %baIt tu "i:t/ (phr) technology because my brother gets
small meal ◆ Why don’t we go for a lot of computer magazines. 䊳 out
a bite to eat after the cinema. You of date
know you’ll be hungry by then.
7.40 mate /meIt/ (n)
7.33 swallow /"swQl@U/ (v) friend ◆ Bob was my best mate at
Here: cover up, hide ◆ He walked school but now we never see each
away from me and was quickly other! informal
swallowed up by the darkness.
Usually: take into your stomach
from your mouth 䊳 swallow (n) Review
7.34 swear /swe@(r)/ (v)
be very sure ◆ I swear I left my 7.41 connection /k@"nekSn/ (n)
bag in the car. Someone must have a train, bus or plane that is timed
taken it. 䊳 swearing (n) to take you on another part of a
h irregular: swore, sworn journey quite soon after the first
◆ I hope this train isn’t delayed
because my connection leaves in
half an hour. 䊳 connect (v)
Use of English
7.42 gravity /"gr&v@ti/ (n unc)
7.35 forward /"fO:w@d/ (v) force that holds things on the earth
send on goods or information to sb ◆ There is no gravity in space and
else ◆ I forwarded Helen’s reply to astronauts float through the air
everyone in the office. inside their spaceships!
7.36 stinging /"stININ/ (adj) 7.43 approximately
severe and strongly expressed /@"prQksIm@tli/ (adv)
◆ The journalist got a stinging about, not exactly ◆ Gemma lives
response to his question about the approximately five kilometres
politician’s private life. outside town but I’m not sure of
the exact distance. 䊳 approximate
7.37 resulting /rI"zVltIN/ (adj) (adj, v), approximation (n)
happening because of ◆ Irina
Ivanova gave a superb performance
at the opera house. The resulting
fame made the singer a big
celebrity all over the world.
䊳 result (n)
7.38 publicity /pVb"lIs@ti/ (n unc)
attention give to sb/sth by the
media ◆ There was a lot of
publicity about the young boy who
disappeared but no one gave the
police any positive information.
䊳 public (adj), publicise (v),
publicist (n)
Workbook
Reading
7.44 patent /"peIt@nt/ (n)
official right to make, use or sell
a product or an invention ◆ The
company didn’t have the patent for
that type of machine so they had
to pay a lot of money to use the
design. 䊳 patent (v), patently (adv)
7.45 rights /raIts/ (n pl)
legal ownership of sth ◆ Who
has the rights to this song – the
person who wrote the lyrics or the
music? 䊳 right (adj), rightly (adv),
righteous (adj)
7.46 combat /"kQmb&t/ (v)
fight ◆ You have to combat tiredness
when you work long hours. 䊳
combat (n), combatant (n)
7.47 disability /%dIs@"bIl@ti/ (n)
sth wrong with your body that makes
you unable to do certain things
◆ Because of his disability he wasn’t
allowed to work with machines.
䊳 disabled (adj), disable (v)
7.48 printing press
/"prIntIN %pres/ (n)
machine that copies pages for
books and newspapers
7.49 time-consuming /"taIm
k@n%sju:mIN/ (adj)
taking a long time ◆ This
translation has been very time-
consuming because I’ve had
to check so many words in the
dictionary.
7.50 inferior /In"fI2@ri@(r)/ (adj)
not as good as ◆ The engine
in these cars is inferior to their
previous model and won’t last as
long. 䊳 inferiority (n)
7.51 wages /"weIÙIz/ (n pl)
salary paid every week, often in
cash
7.52 institution /%InstI"tju:Sn/ (n)
Here: building for people with
special needs ◆ A long time ago
children with no parents had to live
their whole lives in an institution.
Today most are looked after by
caring families. Usually: large
important organisation that has a
particular purpose, e.g. a university
or a bank 䊳 institute (n, v),
institutionalise (v)
7.53 code /k@Ud/ (n)
special series of letters, numbers or
symbols that represent a message
or record information secretly or
in a shorter form ◆ In the war they
used codes to send information
so that the enemy couldn’t
understand. 䊳 decode (v)
7.54 battlefield /"b&tlfi:ld/ (n)
where soldiers fight in a war
7.55 dot /dQt/ (n)
small round mark, especially one
that is printed ◆ Magazine pictures
are made up of thousands of tiny
dots. 䊳 dot (v), dotted (adj),
7.56 tool /tu:l/ (n)
instrument used to build or mend
things ◆ I’m afraid I can’t repair
this machine without the right
tools.
7.57 portrait /"pO:treIt/ (n)
painting, drawing or photograph
of a person, especially just of the
head and shoulders ◆ Jackie’s
parents have a portrait of her
grandmother in the hall.
7.58 passion /"p&Sn/ (n)
strong desire ◆ Barbara has a
passion for chocolates! She can’t
leave them alone! 䊳 passionate (adj)
7.59 telegraph wire
/"telIgrA:f %waI@(r)/ (n)
the first phone messages travelled
through this ◆ You used to be able
to see telegraph wires stretching
across the countryside from tall
poles.
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7.60 encircle /In"s3:kl/ (v)
go completely around ◆ A high
wall encircled the celebrity’s house
so that no one could see in. 䊳 circle
(n, v), circular (adj)
7.61 ownership /"@Un@SIp/ (n)
fact of owning sth ◆ Who has
ownership of this property?You or
the company? 䊳 owner (n),
own (adj, v)
Vocabulary
7.62 deputy /"depjuti/ (n)
person who is the next most
important person after the leader,
manager, etc. ◆
7.63 blink /blINk/ (v)
automatically close and open
your eyes very quickly ◆ It’s very
difficult not to blink for over ten
seconds. 䊳 blink (n)
7.64 click your fingers
/%klIk jO: "fINg@z/ (phr)
rub a finger and thumb together
hard to make a short sharp sound
◆ It’s very rude to click your fingers
when you want to attract the
attention of a waiter.
7.65 duck /dVk/ (v)
bend quickly to avoid sth ◆ My
brother threw a stone at me but I
ducked and it hit the wall.
7.66 shiver /"SIv@(r)/ (v)
shake a little because you are
cold or frightened ◆ When Sandy
opened the window I shivered
because there was a cold rush of
air. 䊳 shiver (n)
7.67 sigh /saI/ (v)
breathe out heavily because you
are bored, tired or annoyed
◆ When Rita saw the amount of
work she had to do she sighed.
䊳 sigh (n)
7.68 stamp /st&mp/ (v)
hit the ground loudly with one
foot ◆ My little brother sometimes
stamps his feet if he can’t get what
he wants. 䊳 stamp (n)
3
Grammar
7.69 fort /fO:t/ (n)
strongly built, military building to
protect soldiers against the enemy
◆ The soldiers attacked the fort but
they couldn’t get inside.
7.70 script /skrIpt/ (n)
Here: set of letters in which a
language is written ◆ In Russia they
use a completely different script to
us. Usually: written text of a play or
film 䊳 script (v), scripted (adj)
7.71 ancient /"eInSnt/ (adj)
extremely old ◆ Winchester is an
ancient town and used to be the
capital of England.
7.72 monument /"mQnjum@nt/ (n)
building, statue etc. built to
remember an event or a person,
a building of special historical
importance ◆ The monument in
Trafalgar Square in London was
built to remember Lord Nelson,
who won the battle of Trafalgar.
䊳 monumental (adj)
7.73 decipher /dI"saIf@(r)/ (v)
read and understand sth that is
difficult ◆ Sometimes it’s hard to
decipher the doctor’s handwriting.
7.74 mussel /"mVsl/ (n)
edible shellfish with a smooth
black shell
7.75 dinosaur /"daIn@sO:(r)/ (n)
very large animal that used to live
on the land millions of years ago
7.76 impact /"Imp&kt/ (n)
effect sth or sb has on sb/sth else
◆ When the car hit us the impact
threw me forward in my seat.
4 FCE Result © Oxford University Press
Listening
7.77 swap /swQp/ (v)
exchange ◆ I met some really nice
people on holiday and we swapped
phone numbers. I think we’ll keep
in touch. 䊳 swap (n)
Use of English
7.78 claw /klO:/ (n)
long, sharp nail of an animal like
a cat or dog ◆ The cat’s claws have
torn our new sofa! 䊳 claw (v)
7.79 hoof /hu:f/ (n)
hard part of the foot of a horse,
cow, etc.
7.80 charge /ÍA:Ù/ (v)
ask money for a service ◆ How
much did they charge you to check
the car’s brakes? 䊳 charge (n)
7.81 purchase /"p3:Í@s/ (v)
buy ◆ We purchased this TV from
you two months ago for £600 and
it’s gone wrong already. 䊳 purchase
(n), purchaser (n) h formal
7.82 sensational /sen"seIS@nl/ (adj)
causing great surprise, excitement
or interest ◆ The improvement
in the England football team has
been sensational over the last six
months! They’re winning every
match these days. 䊳 sensation (n)
7.83 senseless /"sensl@s/ (adj)
having no reason, ridiculous ◆ Jack
and Katy had a senseless argument
over who was going to cook the
dinner. 䊳 sense (n)
7.84 subtract /s@b"tr&kt/ (v)
take one number away from
another ◆ Subtract two from five
and you’ve got three. 䊳 subtraction
(n)
7.85 divide /dI"vaId/ (v)
find how many times one number
can go into another ◆ Nine divided
by three is three. 䊳 division (n),
divisible (by) (adj)
7.86 clue /klu:/ (n)
sth that helps you find an answer
or solve a problem ◆ I don’t know
the answer. Give me a clue!
7.87 admission /@d"mISn/ (n)
entry into a concert, club or
cinema, etc. ◆ Admission to the
museum is free for students.
䊳 admit (v)
7.88 prove /pru:v/ (v)
use facts to show that sth
happened ◆ The teacher can’t prove
that Andy cheated in the exam, but
she thinks he did. 䊳 proof (n)

A matter of taste
Words and phrases
Lead in
8.01 dough /d@U/ (n)
thick mixture of flour and water
from which bread is made ◆ You
make the dough into small balls
and bake them in the oven.
8.02 herb /h3:b/ (n)
plant whose leaves, flowers or seeds
are used to flavour food ◆ This herb
is useful for cooking and it also
smells lovely. 䊳 herbal (adj)
8.03 sprinkle /"sprINkl/ (v)
shake small pieces of sth or drops
of a liquid on sth ◆ Sprinkle the
cheese over the pasta and put it in
the microwave for two minutes.
䊳 sprinkler (n)
8.04 vinegar /"vInIg@(r)/ (n)
liquid with a bitter taste used to
add flavour to food or to preserve
it ◆ British people often eat chips
with salt and vinegar.
8.05 slice /slaIs/ (v)
cut thin pieces of sth like roast
meat or cake ◆ Will you slice the
cake before you put it out on the
plate. 䊳 slice (n), sliced (adj)
8.06 mould /m@Uld/ (v)
make sth soft into a particular
shape ◆ In art class we moulded
the clay into the shapes of animals.
䊳 mould (n)
8.07 paprika /p@"pri:k@/ (n)
red powder made from a type of
pepper used as a spice in cooking
8
8.08 casserole /"k&s@r@Ul/ (n)
covered dish for cooking meat
8.19 texture /"teksÍ@(r)/ (n)
how sth feels when you touch it
slowly in liquid in the oven ◆ The texture of the soup was really
䊳 casserole (v) smooth – it was wonderful.
8.09 version /"v3:Sn/ (n)
different form of sth ◆ Have you
got the newest version of Windows Reading
on your computer?
8.20 porridge /"pQrIÙ/ (n)
8.10 chilli /"ÍIli/ (n) hot breakfast cereal made with
very hot pepper used in curries oats and milk or water
8.11 ginger /"ÙInÙ@(r)/ (n) 8.21 exclude /Ik"sklu:d/ (v)
root of a plant with a strong hot keep sth out ◆ The competition
taste used in cooking excludes people over 18 so my
sister, who is 22, can’t take part.
8.12 cumin /"kVmIn/ (n)
䊳 excluding (prep), exclusion (n)
seeds of an aromatic plant used in
curries 8.22 sensory /"sens@ri/ (adj)
connected with the senses 䊳 sense
8.13 coriander /%kQri"&nd@(r)/ (n)
(n, v), sensation (n),
plant whose seeds are used as
a spice and leaves as a herb in 8.23 input /"InpUt/ (n)
cooking time, information, ideas, etc. that
you put into work, a project, etc.
8.14 turmeric /"t3:m@rIk/ (n)
◆ His input at the meeting was
yellow spice used in Indian
really useful and encouraged a lot
cooking
of discussion. 䊳 input (v)
8.15 yoghurt /"jQg@t/ (n)
8.24 diner /"daIn@(r)/ (n)
slightly sour tasting food made
person eating at a restaurant or
from milk, often flavoured with
café
fruit
8.25 lose out (on)
8.16 pan /p&n/ (n)
/%lu:z "aUt (Qn)/ (phr v)
metal container used for cooking
not get sth you wanted or thought
food in
you should have ◆ We’ve lost
8.17 savoury /"seIv@ri/ (adj) out on the chance of winning the
salty, not sweet ◆ I much prefer league this year after yesterday’s
savoury dishes. I don’t like sugary defeat.
things a lot. 䊳 savour (v)
8.18 ingredient /In"gri:di@nt/ (n)
sth you need to cook a certain
meal ◆ Can you get me some
potatoes at the shop? I’ve got all the
other ingredients I need for dinner.
FCE Result © Oxford University Press 1
8.26 intimacy /"IntIm@si/ (n)
state of having a close personal
relationship with sb, feeling of
closeness ◆ I liked the intimacy of
the restaurant. It was small and
everyone sat near each other.
䊳 intimate (adj)
8.27 preconception
/%pri:k@n"sepSn/ (n)
opinion formed before you
experience sth ◆ People had a lot of
preconceptions about the new head
teacher but he’s shown himself to
be excellent. 䊳 preconceive (v)
8.28 abruptly /@"brVptli/ (adv)
sharp, quickly without preparation
◆ The bus stopped abruptly when
the dog ran across the road.
䊳 abrupt (adj)
8.29 cutlery /"kVtl@ri/ (n unc)
things we use to eat and serve
food with: knives, forks and
spoons ◆ The cutlery wasn’t very
clean and my mum complained.
8.30 spill /spIl/ (v)
accidentally drop liquid over sth
◆ When I laughed I spilled orange
juice all over my shirt. The mark is
still there. 䊳 spillage (n)
8.31 dominant /"dQmIn@nt/ (adj)
stronger or more important than
other things ◆ My right hand is
dominant. I can’t do anything
with my left. 䊳 dominate (v),
dominance (n), domineering (adj)
8.32 worthwhile /%w3:T"waIl/ (adj)
valuable, worth spending time
on ◆ Helen helps out at an old
people’s home. I think it’s a really
worthwhile thing to do.
8.33 venture /"venÍ@(r)/ (n)
project ◆ Mr Parks wants people
to invest in a business venture
but I don’t think it will be very
successful. 䊳 venture (v)
8.34 eel /i:l/ (n)
long, thin, snake-like animal that
lives in the sea
2 FCE Result © Oxford University Press
8.35 oyster /"OIst@(r)/ (n)
shellfish found in a rough shell,
sometimes eaten alive ◆
8.36 edible /"ed@bl/ (adj)
fit or suitable to eat ◆ This meal isn’t
edible!It’s not properly cooked and it
tastes horrible. 䊳 inedible (adj)
8.37 seaweed /"si:wi:d/ (n)
plant that grows in or near the sea
8.38 enhance /In"hA:ns/ (v)
make better ◆ The lovely music
and candlelight enhanced the
atmosphere in the room.
Vocabulary
8.39 bitter /"bIt@(r)/ (adj)
sharp unpleasant taste like a
lemon ◆ Something in the meal
was very bitter and I couldn’t eat
it. 䊳 bitterness (n)
8.40 chewy /"Íu:i/ (adj)
needing to be chewed a lot before
it can be swallowed ◆ The meat
wasn’t very good quality and it
was very chewy. It took a long time
to eat! 䊳 chew (v)
8.41 crunchy /"krVnÍi/ (adj)
firm and crisp and making a sharp
sound when you bite it ◆ I think
there was some sand in the seafood
– it was very crunchy! 䊳 crunch (v)
8.42 fatty /"f&ti/ (adj)
having a lot of fat on or in it ◆ The
pork was quite fatty and I felt a
little sick afterwards. 䊳 fat (n, adj)
8.43 greasy /"gri:si/ (adj)
having a lot of oil on or in it ◆ The
fried eggs were very greasy and
slid across the plate when I pushed
them with my fork. 䊳 grease (n
unc, v), greased (adj)
8.44 mild /maIld/ (adj)
not strong, spicy or bitter (of a
flavour) ◆ My dad doesn’t like
mild curries. He much prefers really
hot ones.
8.45 plain /pleIn/ (adj)
basic, without any strong flavours
or tastes ◆ We used to eat a lot of
plain food when I was young but
now I like food that’s a bit more
interesting!
8.46 rich /rIÍ/ (adj)
Here: food that is heavy and that
you can only eat a little of ◆ My
mum always cooks a really rich
fruit cake for our birthdays. You
can only eat small slices of it.
Usually: having a lot of money
8.47 spicy /"spaIsi/ (adj)
having a strong taste because
spices have been used to flavour
it ◆ I can’t eat very spicy food
because it upsets my stomach.
䊳 spice (n), spiced (adj)
8.48 stodgy /"stQÙi/ (adj)
heavy and filling food that is not
pleasant ◆ At school we used to
have very stodgy puddings that
tasted horrible.
8.49 tasteless /"teIstl@s/ (adj)
having no flavour ◆ The rice was
tasteless because I forgot to add
any salt! 䊳 taste (n, v), tasty (adj)
8.50 tender /"tend@(r)/ (adj)
Here: good quality meat that is
easy to cut and eat ◆ The steak
was so tender you hardly needed
a knife to cut it. 䊳 tenderise (v)
Usually: gentle and kind
8.51 olive /"QlIv/ (n)
small green or black fruit with a
strong taste, also used to make oil
8.52 barbecued /"bA:b@kju:d/ (adj)
cooked over an open flame usually
outside 䊳 barbecue (n, v)
8.53 baked /beIkt/ (adj)
cooked in the oven without fat
◆ Baked potatoes are much
healthier than roast ones. 䊳 bake
(v), bakery (n)
8.54 stewed /stju:d/ (adj)
cooked slowly at a low heat in
liquid 䊳 stew (n, v)
Grammar
8.55 starving /"stA:vIN/ (adj)
Here: very hungry ◆ We were
all starving after the long walk.
! informal Usually: dying from
hunger 䊳 starve (v), starvation (n)
8.56 disagree (with)
/%dIs@"gri: (wID)/ (v)
Here: cause an upset stomach
◆ I ate something yesterday that
disagreed with me and I’ve been ill
ever since. Usually: have a different
opinion from
8.57 give sb the sack
/%gIv ... D@ "s&k/ (idm)
tell sb you don’t want them to
work for you any more ◆ The new
boss gave his secretary the sack
after two days because he said she
was inefficient.
8.58 garlic /"gA:lIk/ (n)
small white vegetable used to give
a strong flavour, often causing an
unpleasant smell if you have eaten
it ◆ I love the smell of garlic when
it’s cooking but not on somebody’s
breath!
8.59 lumpy /"lVmpi/ (adj)
not smooth, with solid bits in it
◆ The cheese sauce was very lumpy
and badly made. 䊳 lump (n)
8.60 spread /spred/ (n)
table full of food, large meal
prepared for a special occasion
◆ There was a wonderful spread at
my sister’s wedding. They used a
famous chef from a nearby hotel. !
informal 䊳 spread (v)
Listening
8.61 treat /tri:t/ (v)
do sth special for sb ◆ Laura’s
parents treated her to a weekend
trip to London for her birthday.
䊳 treat (n), treatment (n)
8.62 posh /pQS/ (adj)
elegant and expensive ◆ Only posh
people and celebrities go to that
nightclub! ! informal
8.63 on the spur of the moment
/%Qn D@ %sp3:r @v D@ "m@Um@nt/
(idm)
without planning ◆ We decided to
go to the cinema on the spur of the
moment. I’m afraid we didn’t have
time to ring you.
8.64 squeeze in /%skwi:z "In/ (v)
make room for ◆ The train
carriage was completely full but we
managed to squeeze in.
8.65 flood /flVd/ (v)
be covered with water ◆ In the last
storm our whole garden flooded.
You couldn’t see the grass at all!
䊳 flood (n)
Speaking
8.66 dear /dI@(r)/ (adj)
expensive ◆ The clothes in the
new shop are very dear but also
fashionable and good quality.
8.67 cramped /kr&mpt/ (adj)
◆
not having much space I’d like
a bigger bedroom. Mine is very
cramped, particularly with all my
furniture and shelves. 䊳 cramp (n, v)
8.68 lively /"laIvli/ (adj)
full of life and energy, full of
interest and excitement ◆ The café
is really lively after school when it’s
full of students. 䊳 life (n)
8.69 trendy /"trendi/ (adj)
fashionable ◆ The new bar is a
very trendy place to go. You can
often see celebrities in there.
䊳 trend (n)
FCE Result © Oxford University Press
Use of English
8.70 fanatic /f@"n&tIk/ (n)
person who is extremely
enthusiastic about sth ◆ Jim is
a football fanatic. He knows the
name of every player in every team
in the country! 䊳 fanatical (adj),
fan (n)
8.71 dose /d@Us/ (n)
amount of medicine you should
take at one time ◆ The dose is one
tablet every four hours. 䊳 dose (v),
dosage (n), dosed (adj)
8.72 (under) certain
circumstances /(%Vnd@) %s3:tn
"s3:k@mstA:nsIz/ (phr)
at limited times ◆ You can be
excused sports at school under
certain circumstances. Like when
you’ve got a very bad cold.
8.73 feast (on) /"fi:st (Qn)/ (v)
eat a large amount of food
䊳 feast (n)
8.74 venison /"venIsn/ (n)
meat from a deer
8.75 truffle /"trVfl/ (n)
expensive type of fungus that
grows underground, used in
cooking
8.76 well-being
/%wel "bi:IN/ (n unc)
health and happiness ◆ The
government’s resonsibility is to look
after the well-being of its people.
8.77 guilt /gIlt/ (n unc)
feeling or knowledge that you have
done sth wrong ◆ The murderer
admitted his guilt to the police and
he was sent to prison.
䊳 guilty (adj)
Writing
8.78 oppose /@"p@Uz/ (v)
disagree with an idea or plan
◆ The company wanted to build
another nightclub in the area but
the local people opposed the plans.
䊳 opposition (n), opposing (adj)
3
8.79 snack /sn&k/ (n)
small amount to eat between
meals 䊳 snack (v)
8.80 outweigh /%aUt"weI/ (v)
be greater or more important
than ◆ The reasons for the plan
outweigh those against it so I think
it will go ahead.
8.81 recreation /%rekri"eISn/ (n)
play, not work ◆ The children’s
recreation time is 11.00 to 11.30. Then
lessons begin again. 䊳 recreate (v)
8.82 pool /pu:l/ (n)
game played on a table with
coloured balls
Review
8.83 grape /greIp/ (n)
small green or black fruit that grows
in bunches on a climbing plant
8.84 pudding /"pUdIN/ (n)
sweet dish eaten at the end of a
meal ◆ When I was younger if I
didn’t eat my dinner my mum
wouldn’t let me have pudding.
Workbook
Reading
8.85 lack of demand
/%l&k @v dI"mA:nd/ (n)
not enough need, or requests for
◆ They stopped selling videos
because of lack of demand.
䊳 demand (v), demanding (adj)
8.86 resent /rI"zent/ (v)
feel angry about sth because you
think it’s unfair ◆ The teacher
talked to the students as if they
were children and they resented it.
They refused to go to his classes.
䊳 resentment (n)
8.87 self-righteous
/%self "raIÍ@s/ (adj)
feeling or behaving as if you are
always right ◆ A lot of politicians
are very self-righteous and think
they know better than anyone else.
4 FCE Result © Oxford University Press
8.88 no trace of
/"n@U %treIs @v/ (idm)
no sign of ◆ How can they call this
a chicken curry? There’s no trace of
chicken in it! 䊳 trace (n, v)
8.89 trumpet /"trVmpIt/ (v)
tell everyone sth very loudly
◆ The England football team finally
beat the French and the fact was
trumpeted all over the newspapers.
䊳 trumpet (n)
8.90 launch /lO:nÍ/ (n)
event when a new product is
shown to the public for the first
time ◆ The launch of the new Ford
X7 will take place at the Motor Fair
in Spring. 䊳 launch (v)
8.91 phenomenon
/f@"nQmIn@n/ (n)
fact or event that is not completely
understood ◆ A shooting star is
a natural phenomenon that not
everyone has seen. 䊳 phenomenal
(adj)
8.92 complacent
/k@m"pleIsnt/ (adj)
satisfied with yourself and not
wanting to change or make any
particular effort ◆ She thinks she’s
already won this competition but I
wouldn’t be so complacent if I were
her! 䊳 complacency (n)
8.93 backlash /"b&kl&S/ (n)
reaction against sth ◆ There’s been
a backlash against the government
since they increased the taxation
for single mothers.
8.94 summon the nerve
/%sVm@n D@ "n3:v/ (phr)
make an effort to be brave ◆ I
summoned the nerve to ask Jane
out last weekend but she refused!
8.95 rash of /"r&S @v/ (idm)
sudden number of ◆ There has
been a rash of complaints about
the coffee in the new cafeteria.
䊳 rash (n)
8.96 indulgent /In"dVlÙ@nt/ (adj)
tending to allow sb to have or do
whatever they want ◆ His mum’s
very indulgent and cooks him
anything he wants. 䊳 indulge (v)
8.97 alarming /@"lA:mIN/ (adj)
worrying ◆ The number of
overweight people in the US is
alarming. The government must try
to do something about it. 䊳 alarm
(n, v), alarmed (adj)
8.98 phase out
/%feIz "aUt/ (phr v)
stop slowly, in stages ◆ They’re
going to phase out unhealthy
school meals over a period of six
months.
8.99 disarmingly
/dIs"A:mINli/ (adv)
in a charming way that prevents
you feeling angry with sb ◆ He
admitted his failure disarmingly
and no one could blame him.
䊳 disarming (adj)
8.100 concede /k@n"si:d/ (v)
accept sth is true ◆ Ken conceded
that he might have been wrong
about where the party was going to
be held. 䊳 concession (n)
8.101 overestimate
/%@Uv@r"estImeIt/ (v)
guess a price or a number much
higher than it is ◆ The teachers
overestimated the number of people
who wanted to study Chinese. Only
three students came to the class!
8.102 consistent with
/k@n"sIst@nt (%wID)/ (phr)
Here: in agreement with ◆ The
results of the experiment are
consistent with Tom’s theory. It’s
exactly what he told us to expect.
䊳 consistency (n)
8.103 conduct /k@n"dVkt/ (v)
organise or do a particular activity
◆ The experiment was conducted
under very strict safety conditions.
䊳 conduct (n)
8.104 lobby /"lQbi/ (n)
large entrance hall of a building
8.105 alternate /O:l"t3:n@t/ (adj)
every second thing, not every thing
◆ We go swimming on alternate
weekends. The other weekends
we play tennis. 䊳 alternate (v),
alternative (adj)
8.106 creeping /"kri:pIN/ (adj)
happening slowly, not obviously
◆ I felt a creeping sense of danger
as I entered the ruined house.
䊳 creep (v)
8.107 expansion /Ik"sp&nSn/ (n)
increase in size ◆ The local people
are worried about the expansion
of the factory. It covers a very large
area now. 䊳 expand (v)
8.108 cynical /"sInIkl/ (adj)
believing that people are not
telling the truth ◆ I’m quite cynical
about his reasons for leaving the
company so suddenly.
䊳 cynicism (n unc)
Vocabulary
8.109 consecutive
/k@n"sekj@2tIv/ (adj)
following one after another in a
series ◆ He was late for class on
three consecutive days last week.
Grammar
8.110 draught /drA:ft/ (n)
a flow of cold air in a room ◆ Can
you shut the window please? I’m
sitting in a draught. 䊳 draughty (adj)
8.111 predictable
/prI"dIkt@bl/ (adj)
happening as expected ◆ The
weather is very predictable in
January. It’s always cold and wet!
䊳 predict (v), prediction (n)
8.112 call off /%kO:l "Qf/ (phr v)
cancel ◆ They had to call off
the competition because all the
contestants were ill.
Listening
8.113 stick by /"stIk %baI/ (phr v)
be loyal, support sb, especially in
a difficult situation ◆ Adrian will
always stick by you whatever
you do.
8.114 principle /"prIns@pl/ (n)
moral rule or strong belief ◆ It
would be against his principles
to send his son to an expensive
school!
8.115 hand in your notice
/%h&nd %In jO: "n@UtIs/ (idm)
resign from a job ◆ I handed in
my notice yesterday. The boss was
really surprised that I wanted to
leave.
8.116 factory farming
/"f&kt@ri %fA:mIN/ (n)
farming of animals which involves
keeping them inside in very small
spaces ◆ Eggs are often produced
by factory farming and I think it’s
far too cruel for the chickens.
FCE Result © Oxford University Press
8.117 loose /lu:s/ (adj)
not fitting close to your body
◆ I always wear loose clothes in
the summer – it’s much more
comfortable. 䊳 loosen (v)
8.118 rent /rent/ (v)
pay money to sb to live in a house
or flat ◆ My sister and her husband
rented a flat for six months, then
they bought their own. 䊳 rent (n),
rented (adj)
8.119 commute /k@"mju:t/ (v)
travel to and from work each day
◆ Some people commute from here
to London every day! It must take
them hours! 䊳 commuter (n)
Use of English
8.120 essence /"es@ns/ (n)
most important quality or feature
of sth ◆ The essence of good health
is regular exercise. 䊳 essential (adj)
8.121 jam /Ù&m/ (n)
sweet spread for bread made from
fruit
8.122 faddy /"f&di/ (adj)
choosy, only liking a few things
◆ I was a very faddy eater when I
was younger. 䊳 fad (n)
8.123 anaemic /@"ni:mIk/ (adj)
pale, suffering from a lack of iron
in the blood ◆ She became anaemic
after three months on a very strict
diet. 䊳 anaemia (n)
5

Going to extremes
Words and phrases
Lead in
9.01 obsession /@b"seSn/ (n)
state in which a person’s mind is
completely filled with thoughts of
a particular person or thing
◆ Collecting old magazines is more
than a hobby, it’s an obsession.
He never thinks about anything
else. 䊳 obsess (v), obsessed (adj),
obsessive (adj)
9.02 chronologically
/%krQn@"lQÙIkli/ (adv)
in order of age or time ◆ All our
reports are filed chronologically so
that we can access the information
for any particular year.
䊳 chronological (adj)
9.03 pile /paIl/ (n)
things put on top of each other
◆ In my dad’s study there are piles
of papers all over the floor. I’m sure
he doesn’t know where anything is!
䊳 pile (v)
9.04 chuck /ÍVk/ (v)
throw ◆ Some people just chuck all
their rubbish in the countryside. It’s
a terrible thing to do! h informal
9.05 loft /lQft/ (n)
space in the roof of a building.
◆ My parents have kept all my old
children’s books in their loft.
9.06 time-keeper
/"taIm %ki:p@(r)/ (n)
person able to do things at the
right time ◆ Oliver is a terrible
time-keeper. He’s always late for
everything.
9.07 shopaholic /%SQp@"hQlIk/ (n)
person who is addicted to
shopping
Reading
9.08 countless /"kaUntl@s/ (adj)
very large number ◆ Brenda
has countless pairs of shoes! Her
bedroom is full of them. 䊳 count
(n, v), countable (adj)
9.09 inhospitable
/%InhQ"spIt@bl/ (adj)
not welcoming, uncomfortable to
be or live in ◆ Antarctica has an
extremely inhospitable climate. No
one really wants to live there!
䊳 hospitable (adj)
9.10 even /"i:vn/ (adj)
smooth, all the same level ◆ This
floor isn’t very even – some parts
are higher than others. 䊳 uneven
(adj)
9.11 major /"meIÙ@(r)/ (adj)
very large or important ◆ One of
Greta’s major achievements was to
win the student of the year award.
䊳 majority (n)
9.12 single-minded
/%sINgl "maIndId/ (adj)
focusing with determination on
one particular aim or goal ◆ Jason
is very single-minded and always
does what he sets out to do.
9.13 addictive /@"dIktIv/ (adj)
making you want more and more
◆ Some people find coffee or
chocolate addictive. They can’t live
without it. 䊳 addict (n), addicted
(to) (adj), addiction (n)
9.14 endurance /In"djU@r@ns/ (n)
ability to do sth difficult for a long
time ◆ Karen had to do a lot of
endurance training before attempting
to swim the English Channel. 䊳
endure (v), enduring (adj)
FCE Result © Oxford University Press
9
9.15 scorpion /"skO:pi@n/ (n)
small animal with hard body and
a tail that can deliver a poisonous
sting, living in hot countries
9.16 sting /stIN/ (v)
put a small amount of poison into
you, often from an insect like a bee
◆ Some bees die after they sting
people. 䊳 sting (n) h irregular:
stung, stung
9.17 feat /fi:t/ (n)
action that needs skill, strength or
courage ◆ Getting Alex to come to
the school play was quite a feat!
She never usually comes.
9.18 seal /si:l/ (n)
sea animal with smooth, black
body that lives around the coast
◆ Baby seals used to be hunted
for their white fur but today it’s
forbidden.
9.19 ruins /"ru:Inz/ (n pl)
parts of an old building that
remain after it has been destroyed
◆ We visited the ruins of an old
castle when we were in Scotland.
There were only a few walls left but
it was interesting to see. 䊳 ruin (v),
ruined (adj)
9.20 stable /"steIbl/ (adj)
not likely to change, secure ◆ Jerry
was a troubled teenager but now
he has a stable job and a settled
life. 䊳 unstable (adj), stability (n),
stabilise (v)
9.21 compel /k@m"pel/ (v)
force ◆ I was compelled to go out
and buy sweets! 䊳 compulsion (n),
compelling (adj)
1
9.22 exploit /"eksplOIt/ (n)
unusual and interesting activity
◆ He often tells us stories about his
exploits when he lived in America.
䊳 exploit (v), exploited (adj)
h usually plural
9.23 ponder /"pQnd@(r)/ (v)
think deeply about sth ◆ Scientists
today are pondering the question
of whether there is life on other
planets. 䊳 ponderous (adj)
9.24 layer /"leI@(r)/ (n)
quantity of sth that lies over a
surface ◆ For this dessert you need
a layer of fruit followed by a layer
of pastry. 䊳 layer (v)
9.25 regiment /"reÙIm@nt/ (n)
large group of soldiers ◆ My uncle
was in charge of a regiment in the
army but now he’s retired.
䊳 regimental (adj)
9.26 squash /skwQS/ (v)
Here: stop sth ◆ His hopes of
becoming a teacher were squashed
when he failed the university
exams.Usually: press sth so that it
becomes soft or flat
9.27 sheer /SI@(r)/ (adj)
simple, pure ◆ The baby laughed
with sheer delight when her father
held her in the air.
9.28 evolve /I"vQlv/ (v)
develop gradually and change
◆ Animals have evolved over
millions of years and are still
evolving. 䊳 evolution (n)
Vocabulary
9.29 absent-minded
/%&bs@nt "maIndId/ (adj)
forgetful ◆ When women are
pregnant they often get absent-
minded and can’t remember
where they put things.
䊳 absent-mindedness (n),
absentmindedly (adv)
2 FCE Result © Oxford University Press
9.30 self-centred
/%self "sent@d/ (adj)
thinking about yourself all the
time ◆ Mike is very self-centred
and won’t do anything unless it
benefits him.
Grammar
9.31 supply depot
/s@"plaI %dep@U/ (n)
place where large amounts of food
or equipment is stored
9.32 groceries /"gr@Us@riz/ (n pl)
things usually bought weekly that
you need for eating and cooking
◆ I haven’t bought the groceries this
week I’m afraid. There’s nothing
in the cupboards. 䊳 grocer (n),
greengrocer (n)
9.33 chest of drawers
/%Íest @v "drO:z/ (n)
piece of furniture kept in the
bedroom for storing clothes
9.34 paella /paI"el@/ (n)
Spanish dish made with rice,
chicken and/or seafood and
vegetables
Listening
9.35 overwhelming
/%@Uv@"welmIN/ (adj)
too strong to ignore ◆ When we
passed the cake shop I had an
overwhelming desire for a cream
cake. 䊳 overwhelm (v)
9.36 key ring /"ki: %rIN/ (n)
a small ring where you keep keys
9.37 cabinet /"k&bIn@t/ (n)
piece of furniture often with a
glass door and used for storing or
showing things ◆ My mum keeps
all my swimming medals in a
cabinet.
Speaking
9.38 bare /be@(r)/ (adj)
uncovered, with nothing on
◆ All the walls and floors in the
old house were bare. There were no
pictures or carpets at all.
9.39 cluttered /"klVt@d/ (adj)
covered with or full of lots of
things in a way that is untidy
◆ I really need to tidy my desk. It’s
cluttered with all sorts of papers
and books.
9.40 dimly-lit /%dImli "lIt/ (adj)
not bright, having little light in it
◆ I like dimly lit restaurants –
they’re much more romantic.
9.41 open-plan
/%@Up@n "pl&n/ (adj)
not divided by walls ◆ We work in
an open-plan office which means
we can see each other.
Vocabulary
9.42 heel /hi:l/ (n)
part of the foot at the back which
touches the ground ◆ I couldn’t
walk for days because I cut my heel
on some broken glass.
9.43 shin /SIn/ (n)
front, lower part of the leg ◆ I got
kicked in the shins playing football
yesterday.
9.44 thigh /TaI/ (n)
upper part of the leg
9.45 waist /weIst/ (n)
area around the middle of the
body, often the narrowest part
◆ These jeans are too small – they
don’t fit around my waist.
9.46 wrist /rIst/ (n)
where the hand and the arm meet
◆ Judith often wears a gold watch
on her left wrist.
Writing
9.47 adrenalin /@"dren@lIn/ (n)
sth the body produces naturally
when you are excited, afraid or
angry ◆ An actor often gets a rush
of adrenalin just before going on
stage.
9.48 daily grind /%deIlI "graInd/ (n)
normal boring day-to-day life ◆ It’s
good to get away from the daily
grind from time to time.
Review
9.49 nod off /%nQd "Qf/ (phr v)
go to sleep for a short time ◆ Lara
was so tired that she nodded off in
class yesterday! The teacher was
furious. h informal
9.50 peak /pi:k/ (n)
top ◆ The climbers reached the
peak of the mountain after a three
day climb. 䊳 peak (v)
9.51 glacier /"gl&si@(r)/ (n)
large mass of ice in the mountains
that moves very slowly down a
valley
9.52 fjord /fjO:d/ (n)
long, narrow strip of water coming
from the sea, especially in Norway
9.53 prospect /"prQspekt/ (n)
idea of what might happen in the
future ◆ The prospect of spending
a night in the old house was
frightening but we did and there
were no ghosts! 䊳 prospective (adj)
9.54 frost-bite /"frQst %baIt/ (n)
damage to skin from severe cold
weather ◆ After three days on the
mountain he got frost bite on two
fingers but luckily he didn’t lose
them.
Workbook
Reading
9.55 official /@"fISl/ (n)
person in charge ◆ An official told
us to wait by the entrance to the
stadium. 䊳 official (adj), officer
(n), officially (adv), office (n)
9.56 figure skating
/"fIg@ %skeItIN/ (n)
type of ice skating which involves
jumps, spins and moving in
circular patterns ◆ Kris Stein won
the figure skating competition at
the Winter Olympics.
9.57 deny /dI"naI/ (v)
◆ excelled at Maths when he was ten
say you didn’t do sth The
burglar denied stealing from our
flat although he admitted four
other burglaries. 䊳 denial (n),
undeniable (adj)
9.58 go to extraordinary lengths
/%g@U tu Ik"strO:dnri %leNTs/
(idm)
do very complicated and difficult
things to get the result you want
◆ Some students go to
extraordinary lengths to avoid
sports lessons.
9.59 performance-enhancing drug
/p@%fO:m@ns In%hA:nsIN "drVg/ (n)
illegal medicine that helps
sportsmen do better in an event
9.60 gain an edge
/%geIn @n "eÙ/ (idm)
get a small advantage over sb
◆ Slight improvements in car
design allow racing drivers to gain
an edge over their rivals.
9.61 opponent /@"p@Un@nt/ (n)
person you are competing against
◆ Roger Federer has easily beaten
all his opponents so far in this
competition. 䊳 oppose (v),
opposing (adj)
FCE Result © Oxford University Press
9.62 resort to /rI"zO:t %tu:, t@/ (phr v)
do sth because nothing else is
possible ◆ When my dad can’t
think of a good argument he usually
resorts to shouting! 䊳 resort (n)
9.63 sprinter /"sprInt@(r)/ (n)
person who runs races over a short
distance, e.g. 100 metres 䊳 sprint (v)
9.64 emigrate /"emIgreIt/ (v)
go and live in another country
◆ A lot of English people have
emigrated to Australia over the
last twenty years. 䊳 migrate (v),
migrant (adj), immigrant (n)
9.65 excel (at)
/Ik"sel (&t, @t)/ (v)
be very good at doing ◆ Bill
but lost interest later on.
䊳 excellent (adj)
9.66 induct /In"dVkt/ (v)
officially introduce sb into a group,
especially the army ◆ Molly’s son
was inducted into the army at the
age of seventeen. 䊳 induction (n)
9.67 tragic /"tr&ÙIk/ (adj)
very sad ◆ The film tells the tragic
story of three men who died at sea.
䊳 tragedy (n)
9.68 crossfire /"krQs%faI@(r)/ (n)
shots from guns from two sides
9.69 autopsy /"O:tQpsi/ (n)
examination of a dead body
◆ An autopsy was carried out to
discover how the man died.
h American English
9.70 marathon /"m&r@T@n/ (n)
long running race of about 42
kilometres
9.71 fellow /"fel@U/ (adj)
used to describe sb who is the
same as you ◆ My fellow students
at university were mostly European
but some were from the USA.
䊳 fellow (n), fellowship (n)
3
9.72 come forward
/%kVm "fO:w@d/ (phr v)
offer help, give requested
information ◆ Two people who
had seen the accident finally came
forward.
9.73 testify /"testIfaI/ (v)
make a statement, especially in a
court ◆ He testified in court that he
had seen Ronnie rob the old man
in the street. 䊳 testimony (n)
9.74 go into a decline
/%g@U %Intu @ dI"klaIn/ (phr)
start to get worse ◆ I’m afraid your
uncle went into a decline last week
and by the weekend he was very ill
indeed. 䊳 decline (v)
9.75 heated /"hi:tId/ (adj)
full of anger and excitement ◆ My
parents had a heated discussion
about who was the better driver.
䊳 heat (n, v), hot (adj)
9.76 pull out of
/%pUl "aUt @v/ (phr v)
not take part in sth you had
entered or agreed to do ◆ Lenny
Vocabulary
9.79 meteorological
/%mi:ti@r@"lQÙIkl/ (adj)
connected with forecasting the
weather ◆ Meteorological data
suggests that a major storm is
approaching. 䊳 meteorology (n unc),
meteorologist (n)
9.80 pitch /pIÍ/ (n)
area of ground marked out for a
game such as football ◆ The school
is getting another football pitch
next summer. We’ll be able to play
more matches at the same time.
9.81 scores of /"skO:z @v/ (phr)
lots of ◆ It’s no problem. I’ve done
this scores of times.
9.82 flutter /"flVt@(r)/ (v)
move a little in the wind ◆ The
clothes on the line in the garden
fluttered in the wind. 䊳 flutter (n)
Listening
9.88 whet your appetite (for)
/%wet jO: "&pItaIt (f@r)/ (idm)
make you want more of sth ◆ I did
a little waterskiing when we were
on holiday and it’s really whetted
my appetite.
9.89 swift /swIft/ (adj)
fast ◆ The government is quick to
take our money in taxes but not so
swift to return it when they make a
mistake! 䊳 swiftness (n)
9.90 chauvinism
/"S@UvInIz@m/ (n unc)
strong, unreasonable belief that
your country or sex is better
than others ◆ There’s still a lot
of chauvinism where I work. It’s
difficult for women to get promoted
to the top jobs. 䊳 chauvinistic
(adj), chauvinist (n)
9.91 jet-lagged /"Ùet %l&gd/ (adj)
feeling tired because of a long
journey between time zones ◆ I’m
still jet-lagged after the flight back
from the USA. I want to go to bed in
the middle of the day! 䊳 jetlag (n)

had to pull out of the competition

9.83 estate agent
because he’s hurt his arm.
/I"steIt %eIÙ@nt/ (n) Use of English
9.77 victorious /vIk"tO:ri@s/ (adj) person who helps people buy and
winning ◆ The victorious football sell houses 9.92 occur /@"k3:/ (v)
team travelled round the city in an make you think ◆ Something
9.84 client /"klaI@nt/ (n)
open bus. 䊳 victory (n), victor (n) occurred to me yesterday. Do you
customer, person who buys a
service ◆ The senior lawyer is think Helen would like to be invited
9.78 strip (sb of sth) /strIp/ (v)
speaking with an important client to the party? 䊳 occurrence (n)
take away an honour or
achievement as a punishment at the moment. He brings a lot of
◆ The French athlete was stripped money into the firm. 䊳 clientele (n)
of several gold medals this year
9.85 odd /Qd/ (adj)
after admitting taking drugs.
Here: occasional ◆ I’ve been out
with Harry for the odd meal but
not very often. Usually: strange

9.86 avalanche /"&v@lA:nS/ (n)

sudden heavy and dangerous fall
of snow in the mountains

9.87 fit in /%fIt "In/ (phr v)

manage to find the time to do
things ◆ I can’t fit in sports
training with all this schoolwork!

4 FCE Result © Oxford University Press


All in the mind
Words and phrases
Lead-in
10.01 aloud /@"laUd/ (adv)
in a voice that other people can
hear ◆ I thought Meg was wrong
but I didn’t say it aloud.
䊳 loud (adj)
10.02 diagram /"daI@gr&m/ (n)
picture of how to do sth or how
sth works ◆ There was a diagram
of the experiment in our books but
I still didn’t understand it!
䊳 diagrammatical (adj)
10.03 chart /ÍA:t/ (n)
visual representation of
information ◆ Our family kept a
chart of the heights of the children
as they were growing up. It’s
interesting to look at now! 䊳 chart
(v)
Reading
10.04 astonishing
/@"stQnISIN/ (adj)
very surprising ◆ The number
of people at the concert was
astonishing. I didn’t think many
people would go. 䊳 astonish (v),
astonished (adj), astonishment (n
unc)
10.05 simultaneously
/%sIm@l"teIni@sli/ (adv)
happening at the same time
◆ Jerry and Shirley gave the answer
simultaneously and everyone in
class laughed! 䊳 simultaneous (adj)
10.06 abstract /"&bstr&kt/ (adj)
based on general ideas and not
on any particular real person,
thing or situation ◆ I prefer to deal
with concrete facts and figures not
abstract ideas.
10.07 intriguingly
/In"tri:gINli/ (adv)
interestingly, not easy to explain
◆ Intriguingly, Frances left the party
ten minutes after she had arrived.
I wonder why. 䊳 intrigue (n, v),
intriguing (adj)
10.08 acquire /@"kwaI@(r)/ (v)
gain ◆ We seem to have acquired a
cat! Last month it appeared in the
garden and has stayed with us ever
since. 䊳 acquisition (n)
10.09 memorise /"mem@raIz/ (v)
learn sth carefully ◆ I can’t
memorise more than 6 numbers at
a time. 䊳 memory (n),
memorable (adj)
10.10 volume /"vQlju:m/ (n)
book, often part of a series
◆ Mrs Jacks has all the works of
Shakespeare in two volumes.
10.11 encyclopaedia /
In%saIkl@"pi:di@/ (n)
book or online resource where
you can find information about
all areas of knowledge, usually
arranged alphabetically ◆ I’ve no
idea where that animal lives. Look
it up in the encyclopedia.
䊳 encyclopaedic (adj)
FCE Result © Oxford University Press
10
10.12 reflect (on) /rI"flekt (Qn)/ (v)
think carefully and deeply about
◆ The story is about an old man
who reflects on his life. 䊳 reflection
(n), reflective (adj)
10.13 visualise /"vIZu@laIz/ (v)
imagine how sth looks ◆ Lara has
told me how she’s going to decorate
her room but I can’t visualise it.
䊳 visualisation (n), visual (adj),
vision (n), visible (adj)
Vocabulary
10.14 recollect /%rek@"lekt/ (v)
remember ◆ I’m afraid I can’t
recollect where we met before.
䊳 recollection (n) h formal
Grammar
10.15 ballerina /%b&l@"ri:n@/ (n)
female ballet dancer
10.16 brontosaurus
/%brQnt@"sO:r@s/ (n)
very large dinosaur with long neck
and tail
10.17 chimpanzee
/%ÍImp&n"zi:/ (n)
intelligent monkey that is most
similar to humans ◆ In the memory
tests the chimpanzees did very well.
1
Listening
10.18 work out
/%w3:k "aUt/ (phr v)
have a good result ◆ I thought
the holiday with your parents was
going to be a disaster but it worked
out well.
10.19 mess things up
/%mes %TINz "Vp/ (phr)
do sth badly ◆ Can you help me
out with this project? I’m really
messing things up on the computer.
h informal
10.20 go on about
/%g@U "Qn @%baUt/ (phr v)
talk about sth too often ◆ He’s
been going on about his holiday for
two weeks now. I’m getting fed up!
10.21 mind you /%maInd "ju:/ (idm)
used to add sth to what you have
said ◆ Kathy hasn’t phoned yet.
Mind you, she said if she was too
busy she might not.
10.22 dull /dVl/ (adj)
uninteresting ◆ This book is so
dull, I don’t think I’ll finish it.
Speaking
10.23 public speaking
/%pVblIk "spi:kIN/ (n)
talking to a large group of people
◆ My brother is a very good actor
but he hates public speaking
because then he has to be himself.
10.24 rope /r@Up/ (n)
strong thick string made by
twisting thinner strings together
◆ The rope broke and the climber
fell and hurt his leg.
2 FCE Result © Oxford University Press
10.25 mask /mA:sk/ (n)
sth used to protect or hide the face
◆ The robber was wearing a mask
so nobody would know who he
was. 䊳 mask (v)
10.26 cave /keIv/ (n)
large hole in the side of a hill or
under the ground ◆ The children
ran away and hid in a cave by the
beach.
10.27 torch /tO:Í/ (n)
hand-held light you can switch on
and off ◆ I used to read books in
bed with the light from my torch.
10.28 rock face /"rQk %feIs/ (n)
vertical surface of rock, especially
on a mountain
10.29 wet-suit /"wet %su:t/ (n)
piece of clothing made of rubber
that fits the body closely, used for
water sports
Use of English
10.30 donate /d@U"neIt/ (v)
give money or things to charity
◆ Our school donated a thousand
pounds to charity last year.
䊳 donation (n), donor (n)
10.31 punctual /"pVNkÍu@l/ (adj)
on time, not late ◆ I think it’s
important to be punctual and not
keep people waiting.
䊳 punctuality (n unc)
10.32 replace /rI"pleIs/ (v)
use instead of sth/sb else ◆ The
college replaced our old computers
with some new, modern ones.
䊳 replacement (n)
10.33 pursue /p@"sju:/ (v)
follow, try to reach sb or sth
◆ Terry is pursuing his ambition
to be a pilot by going to a special
college. 䊳 pursuit (n), pursuer (n)
10.34 prodigy /"prQd@Ùi/ (n)
young person who is extremely
talented or clever ◆ Mozart was a
child prodigy and amazed everyone
who heard him play. 䊳 prodigious
(adj)
10.35 dedicate /"dedIkeIt/ (v)
give a lot of time and effort to
a particular activity ◆ Mother
Teresa dedicated her life to helping
poor people. 䊳 dedication (n),
dedicated (adj)
Vocabulary
10.36 change your mind
/%ÍeInÙ jO: "maInd/ (idm)
change a decision you have made
◆ If you change your mind about
coming out tonight, give me a ring.
10.37 make up your mind
/%meIk %Vp jO: "maInd/ (idm)
make a final decision ◆ I’ve made
up my mind. I’m going to stay in
and work tonight.
10.38 mind your head
/%maInd jO: "hed/ (idm)
be careful that you don’t hit your
head, e.g. because the ceiling is
low
10.39 take your mind off
something
/%teIk jO: "maInd Qf .../ (idm)
make you stop thinking about sth
◆ I was very worried about my
exam results so I watched a film to
take my mind off it.
Writing
10.40 in response to
/%In rI"spQns t@/ (phr)
to answer ◆ In response to your
questions about who your new
teacher will be, I’m afraid you will
have to wait for a couple of weeks.
10.41 diploma /dI"pl@Um@/ (n)
certificate of achievement ◆ My
dad has an advanced driving
diploma. He’s an excellent driver.
10.42 distinction /dI"stINkSn/ (n)
a special mark for excellence in
an exam ◆ Paul will definitely get
a distinction in his exams. He’s
so hardworking. 䊳 distinct (adj),
distinctive (adj)
Review
10.43 over-commit
/%@Uv@ k@"mIt/ (v)
agree to do more things than you
can ◆ I’ve over-committed this
month and I’m never going to be
able to do everything.
10.44 deceive /dI"si:v/ (v)
make sb believe sth that is not true
◆ Clare deceived her parents and
went to the concert when they had
told her she couldn’t. 䊳 deception
(n), deceit (n)
10.45 distant cousin
/%dIst@nt "kVzn/ (n)
person who is related to you but
not in your close family
Workbook
Reading
10.46 digit /"dIÙIt/ (n)
number ◆ My telephone number
including the code has eleven
digits. 䊳 digital (adj)
10.47 string /strIN/ (n)
Here: series of things ◆ The man
was arrested and charged with
a string of burglaries last year.
Usually: material made of several
threads twisted together, used for
tying things
10.48 chunk /ÍVNk/ (n)
large piece of ◆ The dessert had
big chunks of apple in it.
䊳 chunky (adj)
10.49 memorable
/"mem@r@bl/ (adj)
special and therefore easy to
remember ◆ We spent a memorable
weekend together in Paris.
䊳 memory (n), memorise (v)
10.50 random /"r&nd@m/ (adj)
chosen without a reason ◆ I gave
him a list of ten random cities and
he memorised them in seconds.
䊳 randomly (adv)
10.51 precise /prI"saIs/ (adj)
exact and detailed ◆ The precise
time of her arrival is 12.37 pm.
䊳 precision (n unc), precisely (adv)
10.52 stick /stIk/ (v)
remain in your memory ◆ I learned
a poem by Yeats when I was at
school and for some reason it
stuck. h irregular: stuck, stuck
10.53 landmark /"l&ndmA:k/ (n)
sth such as a large building that
you can see clearly from a distance
and will help you to know where
you are ◆ The clock tower on the
church is a local landmark.
FCE Result © Oxford University Press
10.54 misguide /%mIs"gaId/ (v)
give you the wrong information
◆ I’m sorry if I misguided you. We
won’t need any new employees
before the summer.
䊳 misguided (adj)
Vocabulary
10.55 contented /k@n"tentId/ (adj)
happy with your life ◆ Some people
are never contented. They always
want something more.
䊳 contentment (n), content (adj, n)
10.56 revise /rI"vaIz/ (v)
look at sth again to remember it
for a test or exam ◆ It’s my own
fault I failed the test. I didn’t revise
at all. 䊳 revision (n), revised (adj)
10.57 frustrated /frV"streItId/ (adj)
annoyed because you are unable to
do sth ◆ Ben gets really frustrated
if he can’t find the answer to a
problem quickly. 䊳 frustration (n),
frustrating (adj), frustrate (v)
Listening
10.58 pedestrian /p@"destri@n/ (n)
person walking in the street ◆ Our
town is good for pedestrians. Cars
aren’t allowed in the centre.
䊳 pedestrian (adj)
10.59 let down /%let "daUn/ (adj)
feeling of disappointment because
sth isn’t what was expected ◆ I felt
really let down when Mike didn’t
get tickets for the concert because
he’d promised he would.
10.60 give away /%gIv @"weI/ (phr v)
make known sth you want to keep
a secret ◆ I tried not to give away
how upset I was when Leo broke
up with me.
3
Use of English
10.61 sceptical /"skeptIkl/ (adj)
not wanting to believe sth
◆ Many people were sceptical
about the usefulness of the
Internet when it started.
䊳 sceptic (n), scepticism (n unc)

10.62 paranormal
/%p&r@"nO:ml/ (adj)
that cannot be explained by
science or reason ◆ Madame Rosa
insists that she has paranormal
abilities and can contact dead
spirits. 䊳 paranormal (n)

10.63 in the process

/%In D@ "pr@Uses/ (phr)
while doing sth ◆ Ken tried to
repair the TV and in the process
knocked it off the table.

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Man and machine
Words and phrases
Lead in
11.01 famine /"f&mIn/ (n)
when there is not enough food for
people to eat and live ◆ Lack of
rain means crops can’t grow and
this causes famine in many hot
countries.
11.02 disease /dI"zi:z/ (n)
illness that often passes from one
person to another ◆ Our teacher
caught a disease when she was on
holiday and she’s in hospital now.
䊳 diseased (adj)
11.03 specification
/%spesIfI"keISn/ (n)
details about how sth is or should
be designed or made ◆ Friends of
my parents built an amazing house
to their own specifications.
䊳 specify (v), specifically (adv)
11.04 fuel consumption
/"fju:@l k@n%sVmpSn/ (n)
the amount of fuel sth uses ◆ The
fuel consumption of our new car
is very low and my dad’s pleased
about that.
11.05 partially /"pA:S@li/ (adv)
not completely ◆ The flat is
partially heated but one bedroom
still needs a radiator. 䊳 part (n),
partly (adv)
11.06 electrical appliance
/I%lektrIkl @"plaI@ns/ (n)
sth you use in the house that
needs electricity ◆ We’ll need some
more wall sockets in the study with
so many electrical appliances.
11.07 fuse /fju:z/ (n)
small device that breaks an
electrical circuit if the current
is too strong ◆ I need to check
the fuse because this lamp isn’t
working. 䊳 fuse (v), fused (adj)
11.08 plug /plVg/ (n)
used to connect an appliance to
the electricity supply ◆ My new
hair drier hasn’t got a plug. Have
you got one I could have? 䊳 plug
in (v)
11.09 manual /"m&nju@l/ (n)
booklet that tells you how sth
works ◆ The PC comes with a
manual in case you don’t know
how to use it.
11.10 model /"mQdl/ (n)
particular type or design of product
◆ Toyota are bringing out a new
model in their luxury range.
䊳 model (v)
11.11 end-of-line
/%end @v "laIn/ (adj)
cheap because it’s a design which
is not going to be sold any more
◆ I bought this in an end-of-line sale
and it was half the original price!
Reading
11.12 awesome /"O:s@m/ (adj)
amazing ◆ The film is awesome.
I’ve seen it ten times! h informal
䊳 awe (n)
11.13 count /kaUnt/ (v)
Here: can be considered ◆ The
tests you take at primary school
don’t count when you’re applying
for college. Usually: say numbers in
order 䊳 count (n), countable (adj)
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11
11.14 far-fetched /%fA: "feÍt/ (adj)
unlikely to happen ◆ William had
some far-fetched idea of crossing
the Atlantic Ocean in a canoe.
11.15 capable (of)
/"keIp@bl (@v)/ (adj)
having the ability to do ◆ The
teacher says we’re all capable of
learning another language but we
have to work hard.
11.16 artificial intelligence
/%A:tI%fISl In"telIÙ@ns/ (n)
area of study concerned with
making computers copy intelligent
human behaviour ◆ Scientists have
been trying to develop artificial
intelligence for a long time with
little success.
11.17 annual /"&nju@l/ (adj)
happening every year ◆ There’s an
annual singing competition at our
school. 䊳 annually (adv)
11.18 award /@"wO:d/ (v)
give sth to sb as a prize, payment,
etc. ◆ The judges awarded Martina
seven points for her dance. 䊳 award
(n)
11.19 emerge (as)
/I"m3:Ù (@z)/ (v)
come out as ◆ After a hard
competition John emerged as the
clear winner. 䊳
11.20 battle it out
/%b&tl It "aUt/ (phr)
fight hard for sth ◆ In the club
tennis championship finals Terry
and Brian battled it out for three
hours but Terry finally won.
䊳 battle (n)
1
11.21 declare /dI"kle@(r)/ (v)
say officially ◆ Our school was
declared the winner of the football
trophy. 䊳 declaration (n)
11.22 bronze /brQnz/ (adj)
metal used for medal given for
third place in a competition ◆ Our
country won two golds and ten
bronze medals in the last Olympics.
䊳 bronze (n)
11.23 retain /rI"teIn/ (v)
keep ◆ How long do you think
the golfer Tiger Woods will retain
his position as number one in the
world? 䊳 retention (n)
11.24 database /"deIt@beIs/ (n)
organised store of information
used for reference ◆ I’ll enter your
details onto the database and you
should automatically get a letter
next month. 䊳 data (n unc)
11.25 subjective
/s@b"ÙektIv/ (adj)
having an opinion based on a
personal point of view ◆ The
judges opinion in the singing
competition is always subjective
because they each like a particular
type of music. 䊳 subject (to) (v)
11.26 scoop /sku:p/ (v)
win ◆ Our neighbours scooped two
million pounds on the Lottery!
h informal.
11.27 long haul /%lQN "hO:l/ (n)
sth that takes a long time
◆ People who want to be successful
entertainers have to be prepared for
the long haul.
11.28 primitive /"prIm@tIv/ (adj)
very basic and old-fashioned
◆ Making fire with a couple of
sticks is a rather primitive way of
doing it.
11.29 conceivably
/k@n"si:v@bli/ (adv)
possibly ◆ This time next year
we could conceivably be in South
America. 䊳 conceivable (adj),
conceive (of) (v)
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11.30 store (of) /"stO:(r) (@v)/ (n)
quantity that is available for use
◆ Our store of copier paper is
running low. We must order some
more. 䊳 store (v)
11.31 call centre
/"kO:l %sent@(r)/ (n)
place where people work
answering calls from customers
Grammar
11.32 burn an album
/%b3:n @n "&lb@m/ (phr)
copy an album on to a CD ◆ I can
burn the album for you. It won’t
take long at all.
Listening
11.33 sensor /"sens@(r)/ (n)
device that reacts to movement,
temperature or pressure
11.34 diamond /"daI@m@nd/ (n)
very expensive stone ◆ Tom bought
Susie a ring with a huge diamond
when he asked her to marry him.
11.35 circuit board
/"s3:kIt %bO:d/ (n)
board that holds electrical circuits
inside a piece of electronic
equipment
11.36 lens /lens/ (n)
part of the eye or spectacles that
enables you to see clearly ◆ I need
a new lens for my glasses because I
dropped them yesterday.
11.37 attachment /@"t&Ím@nt/ (n)
document that can be sent with an
email ◆ The attachment contained
two files that we needed for the
project. 䊳 attach (v)
11.38 handy /"h&ndi/ (adj)
useful ◆ It’s very handy to have a
friend who’s good at English! He
can help me with my translations.
h informal 䊳 hand (n)
11.39 aerial /"e@ri@l/ (n)
piece of equimpment made from
wire or metal that receives signals
for radio or TV ◆ Someone broke
the aerial on our car and now we
can’t listen to the radio.
11.40 detect /dI"tekt/ (v)
discover or notice sth ◆ The car
alarm can detect when someone is
trying to open the door. 䊳 detective
(n), detection (n unc), detected
(adj)
11.41 function /"fVNkSn/ (v)
work ◆ My computer is very old
and doesn’t function well if I have
too many programs running at
the same time. 䊳 function (n),
functional (adj)
11.42 wearable /"we@r@bl/ (adj)
able to be worn ◆ Scientists have
invented wearable transmitters –
they can be fitted inside a jacket.
䊳 wear (v)
11.43 apparatus /%&p@"reIt@s/ (n)
tools or equipment needed for a
particular activity ◆ You need a lot
of complex apparatus to carry out
this experiment.
11.44 sinister /"sInIst@(r)/ (adj)
seeming dangerous or evil
◆ There’s a very sinister character
in this horror movie.
11.45 surveillance
/s@"veIl@ns/ (n unc)
watching and recording people
and their actions on secret or
public cameras ◆ The police use
surveillance when they think
someone may commit a crime.
䊳 survey (v)
11.46 privacy /"prIv@si/ (n unc)
the state of being not watched or
disturbed by other people ◆ There’s
no privacy in this house! Everyone
knows everything about everyone!
䊳 private (adj)
Use of English
11.47 menial /"mi:ni@l/ (adj)
routine, done by hand ◆ Many
people don’t like doing menial
work around the home so they
employ others to do it for them.
11.48 talk back
/%tO:k "b&k/ (phr v)
argue ◆ My mum used to get cross
if I talked back to her when I was
young.
11.49 battery /"b&t@ri/ (n)
device that is put inside a clock,
radio, etc. and produces electricity
to make it work ◆ How many
batteries do I need for this torch?
11.50 mission /"mISn/ (n)
important official job a person
or group is asked to do ◆ The
army sent my brother on a special
mission to South Africa.
䊳 missionary (n)
Writing
11.51 overcharge /%@Uv@"ÍA:Ù/ (v)
charge too much money ◆ My
dad complained because we were
overcharged in the restaurant.
䊳 charge (n, v)
11.52 unbeatable /Vn"bi:t@bl/ (adj)
impossible to do better than
◆ The advert says that the prices in
this shop are unbeatable and they
certainly are good. 䊳 beat (v)
11.53 leave a lot to be desired
/%li:v @ %lQt t@ %bi dI"zaI@d/ (phr)
inadequate, not as good as it could
be ◆ Our doctor’s handwriting
leaves a lot to be desired. You can
hardly read it!
11.54 guarantee /%g&r@n"ti:/ (v)
official promise to do sth ◆ The
shop guarantees to refund our
money if there is something wrong
with the product. 䊳 guarantee (n),
guaranteed (adj), guarantor (n)
11.55 via /"vaI@, vI@/ (prep)
through a place, along a route
◆ We went to London via all the
small roads.
11.56 acknowledgement
/@k"nQlIÙm@nt/ (n)
information that sb has received
sth from you ◆ I complained to the
shop about the appliance but after
a brief acknowledgement I haven’t
heard anything else.
䊳 acknowledge (v)
11.57 engaged /In"geIÙd/ (adj)
Here: busy ◆ I’ve phoned Gloria
twenty times today but her number
is always engaged. 䊳 engage (v)
Usually: planning to get married
䊳 engagement (n)
11.58 refund /"ri:fVnd/ (n)
money returned if a product or
service is not satisfactory ◆ The
dress didn’t fit so I got a refund
the next day and bought a coat
instead. 䊳 refund (v)
Review
11.59 contribution
/%kQntrI"bju:Sn/ (n)
an action or service that adds to
sth, making it bigger or better
◆ The Beatles’ contribution to pop
music in the twentieth century is
impossible to calculate.
䊳 contribute (to) (v), contributor
(n)
11.60 update /%Vp"deIt/ (v)
change sth according to the most
recent information ◆ This book
needs to be updated. It’s using
statistics from fifty years ago!
11.61 shorten /"SO:tn/ (v)
make shorter ◆ My boss has asked
me to shorten my holiday because
we’re very busy at the moment.
䊳 short (adj)
11.62 moody /"mu:di/ (adj)
bad-tempered or upset for no
obvious reason ◆ Ken is always
moody when the weather’s bad.
䊳 mood (n)
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Reading
11.63 disposable culture
/dI"sp@Uz@bl %kVlÍ@(r)/ (n)
modern habit of throwing things
away when they stop working or
using things that only last a short
time ◆ The disposable culture
makes us all much lazier and is
really bad for the environment.
11.64 razor /"reIz@(r)/ (n)
device used for shaving ◆ I got
my dad an electric razor for his
birthday.
11.65 harm /hA:m/ (n)
hurt, damage ◆ James might not
be able to help but it can’t do any
harm to ask. 䊳 harm (v), harmful
(adj)
11.66 consumer
/k@n"sju:m@(r)/ (n)
person who buys sth ◆ Consumers
should refuse to buy the products
until the company becomes more
environmentally friendly.
䊳 consumer (adj), consumerism
(n unc), consume (v)
11.67 spare part /%spe@ "pA:t/ (n)
new part you buy to replace an old
or broken part of a car, machine,
etc. ◆ The garage are going to fix
my brakes but they’re waiting for a
spare part.
11.68 blade /bleId/ (n)
part of knife that cuts ◆ The blade
on this knife isn’t very sharp. Have
you got another one?
11.69 landfill /"l&ndfIl/ (n)
the process of burying large
amounts of rubbish ◆ We can’t use
landfill forever – we’ll run out of
space.
11.70 set-top box
/%set %tQp "bQks/ (n)
small machine needed to be able to
receive digital TV channels
◆ Our new digital TV doesn’t need
a set-top box – it’s all inside the TV.
3
11.71 modem /"m@Udem/ (n)
device that connects a computer to
the Internet via a phone line
11.72 router /"ru:t@(r)/ (n)
device used to connect a computer
to a broadband service
11.73 persistence
/p@"sIst@ns/ (n unc)
fact of continuing to do or try to
do sth until you succeed ◆ You
certainly need persistence if you
want to be a good journalist.
䊳 persist (in) (v), persistent (adj)
11.74 be better off /%bet@r "Qf/ (idm)
having more money or being in a
better position ◆ You’d be better off
asking Rita about the homework. I
wasn’t listening!
11.75 dilemma /dI"lem@, daI-/ (n)
problem of knowing what is best
to do in a situation ◆ It’s a real
dilemma. I don’t know whether to
travel for a year or to go straight to
university.
11.76 next to worthless
/%nekst t@ "w3:Tl@s/ (phr)
having almost no value ◆ Billy’s
car is next to worthless. He’s going
to have to pay to get it taken away!
11.77 figure out
/%fIg@r "aUt/ (phr v)
understand sth ◆ I can’t figure out
what I’ve spent all my money on
this month.
11.78 glue /glu:/ (n)
a sticky substance that is used for
joining things together ◆ I used
some glue to mend the broken vase
and now it looks fine. 䊳 glue (v)
11.79 triumph /"traIVmf/ (n)
great achievement ◆ Beating the
other colleges at football was a
triumph and I’m really proud of the
team. 䊳 triumph (v), triumphant
(adj)
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11.80 track down /%tr&k "daUn/ (v) 11.87 range /reInÙ/ (n)
find sb/sth after a difficult search how far sth can go ◆ My car radio
◆ I finally tracked my brother can’t receive London stations
down. He was playing computer because they’re out of range.
games at his friend’s house.
11.88 steam /sti:m/ (n unc)
hot gas that rises from boiling
water ◆ Early trains were powered
Vocabulary by steam and made a lot of noise.
䊳 steam (v)
11.81 power cable
/"paU@ %keIbl/ (n) 11.89 conventional
set of wires, covered in plastic, /k@n"venS@nl/ (adj)
that carries electricity to an normal, traditional ◆ Many people
think conventional means of
appliance ◆ I need the power cable
for my laptop because the battery’s transport like the car and bus will
not exist in the near future.
low.
䊳 convention (n)
11.90 potential /p@"tenSl/ (n)
Grammar qualities that exist and can be
developed ◆ Leo’s singing is OK
now but I think he has a lot of
11.82 rubber /"rVb@(r)/ (n)
potential for the future when he’s a
strong material that stretches and
little older. 䊳 potential (adj)
bends ◆ He braked suddenly in the
car and you could smell the rubber
of the tyres. 䊳 rubber (adj)
11.83 mess /mes/ (n)
Use of English
Here: situation with a lot of
problems ◆ I’m in a real mess. I’m 11.91 sb’s days are numbered
/... %deIz @ "nVmb@d/ (idm)
supposed to be in two places at the
not going to last long ◆ After his
same time. Usually: untidy place
䊳 messy (adj) terrible mistake the politician’s
days are numbered.
Listening
11.84 unmanned /%Vn"m&nd/ (adj)
without a driver or controller ◆ In
Superman an unmanned spaceship
carries the baby to earth.
11.85 buggy /"bVgi/ (n)
small vehicle used for a particular
purpose, e.g. on a golf course, on
the moon
11.86 novelty /"nQvlti/ (n)
sth attractive because it is different
◆ At the moment being at home
and not at work is a novelty but
I’m sure it will get boring soon.
䊳 novel (adj)

Make a difference
Words and phrases
Lead in
12.01 petition /p@"tISn/ (n)
list of people’s signatures attached
to a document that asks sb in
authority to do or change sth
◆ I signed a petition today to save
our local hospital from closing
䊳 petition (against) (v)
12.02 protest march
/"pr@Utest %mA:Í/ (n)
organised walk through an area
by people who want to change
sth ◆ There was a protest march
through the centre of London on
Saturday against the government’s
decision to increase taxes. 䊳 protest
(against) (v), protester (n)
12.03 press /pres/ (n unc)
newspapers ◆ It was reported in
the press that Stuart MacDonald
has resigned from the football club.
12.04 publicity stunt
/pVb"lIs@ti %stVnt/ (n)
unusual action to gain attention for
a particular cause or to advertise
sth ◆ Protestors threw purple
powder over the Prime Minister as
a publicity stunt. 䊳 publicise (v)
12.05 chain /ÍeIn/ (v)
attach sth/sb to sth so that
they cannot be separated ◆ In
the early 1900s women chained
themselves to fences to persuade
the government to let them vote.
䊳 chain (n)
12.06 slogan /"sl@Ug@n/ (n)
short phrase that is easy to
remember to remind people about
a product or an idea ◆ The crowd
started shouting anti war slogans.
Reading
12.07 scandal /"sk&ndl/ (n)
shocking event that people think
is wrong ◆ The prince caused a
scandal by running away and
marrying an unknown student.
䊳 scandalise (v), scandalous (adj)
12.08 nickname /"nIkneIm/ (n)
familiar name your friends call
you ◆ My nickname at school was
‘Carrots’ because I had red hair.
12.09 demanding
/dI"mA:ndIN/ (adj)
needing a lot of skill, patience,
effort, etc. ◆ The work is really
demanding at the moment and I
haven’t had a day off for weeks.
䊳 demand (n, v)
12.10 pie /paI/ (n)
sweet or savoury dish made
with fruit or meat inside a pastry
covering ◆ My favourite dessert is
apple pie and cream.
12.11 single out /%sINgl "aUt/ (phr v)
choose one for attention from a
number or group ◆ The programme
singled out Lewis Hamilton as the
most successful sportsman of the
year.
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12.12 victim /"vIktIm/ (n)
person who has been attacked
◆ The victim of the robbery was hit
on the head and had to spend a
week in hospital. 䊳 victimise (v)
12.13 high-profile
/%haI "pr@UfaIl/ (adj)
famous, often seen by the public
◆ High-profile athletes are put
under a lot of pressure to perform.
12.14 ongoing /%Qn"g@UIN/ (adj)
not finished, still continuing ◆ The
investigation into the shooting is
ongoing. They won’t stop until they
find the killer.
12.15 wheelchair /"wi:lÍe@(r)/ (n)
means of transport for people who
can’t walk ◆ My grandad has had
an electric wheelchair since he
suffered a stroke.
12.16 dissuade (from)
/dI"sweId (fr@m)/ (v)
persuade sb not to do sth ◆ My
parents dissuaded me from buying
a new car because it would be far
too expensive.
12.17 peanut /"pi:nVt/ (n)
small nut that grows underground,
often eaten with salt
12.18 tap /t&p/ (n)
device for controlling the flow of
liquid from a pipe ◆ Greg left a tap
on in his room and the water went
all over the floor.
1
12.19 swan /swQn/ (n)
large white waterbird with a long
neck
12.20 monarchy /"mQn@ki/ (n unc)
system of having a royal family
as the head of a country ◆ The
monarchy is still very popular in
our country, especially amongst the
older people. 䊳 monarch (n)
12.21 long-standing
/%lQN "st&ndIN/ (adj)
having existed for a long time
◆ Don and I have a long-standing
agreement to help each other with
our homework.
12.22 with your bare hands
/%wID jO: %be@ "h&ndz/ (phr)
without tools or weapons ◆ There
are people in Australia who wrestle
crocodiles with their bare hands.
12.23 onlooker /"QnlUk@(r)/ (n)
person who watches sth that is
happening but is not involved in it
◆ The police told all the onlookers
at the scene of the accident to go
home.
12.24 ascent /@"sent/ (n)
climb to the top of sth ◆ Sherpas
usually help people attempting an
ascent of Mount Everest.
䊳 ascend (v)
12.25 tower block /"taU@ %blQk/ (n)
very tall block of flats or offices
Vocabulary
12.26 realise an ambition
/%ri:@laIz @n &m"bISn/ (phr)
achieve sth that you want to do
very much ◆ I don’t think Maria
will ever realise her ambition of
being a pop star.
12.27 lifelong /"laIflQN/ (adj)
continuing for the whole of your
life ◆ I’ve had a lifelong fear of
heights and I don’t think I shall
ever get over it.
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12.28 tomb /tu:m/ (n)
place where sb is buried, usually
in a large grave ◆ I visited
Shakespeare’s tomb when I was in
Stratford. It’s in a small church.
Grammar
12.29 stage a protest
/%steIÙ @ "pr@Utest/ (phr)
make a public expression of strong
disagreement to sth ◆ Our class
staged a protest when they changed
our exam dates. We refused to go to
school on that day!
12.30 dye /daI/ (v)
change colour of sth ◆ Has Fiona
dyed her hair? It looks much
blonder than it did before.
䊳 dye (n)
12.31 violin /%vaI@"lIn/ (n)
musical instrument with strings
that you hold under the chin
Listening
12.32 fair trade /%fe@ "treId/ (n)
system which involves companies
in rich countries giving a fair
amount of money to people who
provide goods from poor countries
12.33 fur /f3:(r)/ (n)
animal skin with hair, sometimes
made into coats ◆ Jackie bought a
new coat with a leopard print, but
it’s not real fur. 䊳 furry (adj)
12.34 native people
/"neItIv %pi:pl/ (n)
people who have always lived in a
certain area
12.35 foundation /faUn"deISn/ (n)
organisation formed to help people
and usually given money by a
charity
12.36 inhabitant /In"h&bIt@nt/ (n)
person who lives in an area or
place ◆ The inhabitants of a small
island in Scotland have just been
connected to the mains electricity
supply for the first time. 䊳 inhabit
(v)
12.37 boo /bu:/ (v)
make a noise to show that you
don’t like a performance ◆ In the
theatre the children all booed the
bad uncle in the play very loudly!
䊳 boo (n)
12.38 promote /pr@"m@Ut/ (v)
advertise sth ◆ The company is
promoting its new chocolate bar
with a big advertising campaign.
䊳 promotion (n)
12.39 assess /@"ses/ (v)
decide how good or bad sth is
◆ For the exam our work is
assessed by an examiner from
another college. 䊳 assessment (n),
assessor (n)
12.40 do-gooding
/"du: %gUdIN/ (adj)
wanting to do good not necessarily
for other people’s benefit ◆ There are
a lot of do-gooding leaders who are
more interested in how they appear to
people than the good they are doing.
Speaking
12.41 enclosure /In"kl@UZ@(r)/ (n)
area of land surrounded by a fence
or wall ◆ The animals were kept in
an enclosure throughout the winter
months. 䊳 enclose (v)
12.42 natural habitat
/%n&Ír@l "h&bIt&t/ (n)
place where wild animals and
birds live ◆ It’s always better to see
animals in their natural habitat
than in cages or zoos.
12.43 extinction /Ik"stINkSn/ (n)
death, disappearance of a species
of animal ◆ Many people think
climate change will cause the
extinction of many species. 䊳
extinct (adj)
Use of English
12.44 committed (to)
/k@"mItId (%tu:, t@)/ (adj)
having made a decision to
definitely do sth ◆ The government
is committed to improving life for
poorer people in our society.
䊳 commitment (n), commit (to)
(v), committed (adj)
12.45 personable /"p3:s@n@bl/ (adj)
pleasant, likeable ◆ Linda’s
boyfriend is very personable and
her parents like him a lot.
12.46 filling station
/"fIlIN %steISn/ (n)
place where you can buy petrol for
your car
12.47 pump /pVmp/ (n)
machine that you get petrol from
12.48 segment /"segm@nt/ (n)
piece, section of sth ◆ I prefer the
segment of the programme where
they give the viewers’ opinions.
12.49 vegan /"vi:g@n/ (n)
person who eats a diet with no
animal products like meat or dairy
12.50 gorilla /g@"rIl@/ (n)
very large member of the monkey
family
12.51 biodiesel /"baI@U%di:zl/ (n)
fuel made from vegetable oil or
animal fat ◆ Biodiesel has been
promoted as an alternative to petrol
in cars.
12.52 applicable /@"plIk@bl/ (adj)
affecting or connected with a
particular person or group ◆ This
tax is only applicable for people
who earn over fifty thousand
pounds. 䊳 apply (to),
application (n)
Vocabulary
12.53 eye-catching
/"aI %k&ÍIN/ (adj)
so bright or attractive that it makes
people notice ◆ Kylie Minogue wore
an eye-catching outfit on TV last
night.
12.54 labour-saving
/"leIb@2 %seIvIN/ (adj)
saving time and energy ◆ We have
a lot of labour-saving machines in
our homes these days.
12.55 thirst-quenching
/"T3:st %kwenÍIN/ (adj)
stopping you being thirsty
◆ Oranges are very thirst-quenching
as well as being full of vitamin C.
12.56 heart-warming
/"hA:t %wO:mIN/ (adj)
making you feel good ◆ The film is
a heart-warming story of a young
boy who finds his family after
searching for years and years.
12.57 mouth-watering
/"maUT %wO:t@rIN/ (adj)
making you want to eat it ◆ The
picture of the meal was so mouth-
watering that he suddenly became
hungry.
12.58 fizzy /"fIzi/ (adj)
liquid with gas in it ◆ The
champagne was very fizzy and
made me sneeze! 䊳 fizz (n, v)
12.59 lap /l&p/ (n)
one journey from beginning to end
of a track ◆ After four laps Helen
was too tired to continue the race
and dropped out. 䊳 lap (v)
12.60 vineyard /"vInjA:d/ (n)
place where grapes are grown to
make wine
FCE Result © Oxford University Press
Writing
12.61 demolish /dI"mQlIS/ (v)
pull down, destroy ◆ Our first
house was demolished ten years
ago. 䊳 demolition (n)
12.62 bank /b&Nk/ (n)
sides of a river or lake ◆ The river
banks are covered with blue flowers
at this time of the year.
12.63 litter /"lIt@(r)/ (n unc)
rubbish left lying in a public place
◆ There’s always a lot of litter in
the city centre after a Saturday
night. 䊳 litter (v), littered (adj)
12.64 install /In"stO:l/ (v)
fix furniture or equipment so that
it can be used ◆ The shop is going
to install our new dishwasher on
Friday.
12.65 resurface /%ri:"s3:fIs/ (v)
put a new surface on ◆ The road
needs to be resurfaced because
there are a lot of holes in it.
Review
12.66 emission /I"mISn/ (n)
the production of or sending out
of light, heat, gas, etc. ◆ Carbon
emissions from cars make pollution
worse. 䊳 emit (v)
12.67 cooperation
/k@U%Qp@"reISn/ (n unc)
when people or groups work
together ◆ With your cooperation
we can find the best solution
for everyone. 䊳 cooperate (v),
cooperative (adj), uncooperative
(adj)
12.68 tactic /"t&ktIk/ (n)
the particular method you use to
achieve sth, e.g. win a game
◆ When I play tennis I don’t think
about tactics, I just go out and hit
the ball! 䊳 tactical (adj), tactician
(n)
3
12.69 hippy /"hIpi/ (n)
person who believes in peace
and love and rejects conventional
social rules ◆ My aunt was a hippy
in the 1960s! I can’t imagine her
dressed in long skirts with flowers
in her hair!
12.70 ecologically
/%i:k@"lQÙIkli/ (adv)
relating to plants, living creatures
and their connection to the
environment ◆ Paper bags are
much more ecologically friendly
than plastic ones. 䊳 ecology (n),
ecologist (n)
12.71 loudspeaker
/%laUd"spi:k@(r)/ (n)
piece of equipment used to make
the sound from an instrument or
machine louder
12.72 generator /"Ùen@reIt@(r)/ (n)
machine used to produce
electricity 䊳 generate (v)
12.73 laundrette /lO:n"dret/ (n)
place where you can wash and dry
clothes in coin-operated machines
◆ When I lived away from home
I had to use the laundrette in the
town to do my washing. 䊳 laundry
(n unc)
12.74 pedal-powered
/"pedl %paU@d/ (adj)
energy being produced by cycling
◆ Pedal-powered machines can save
a lot of money on electricity.
Workbook
Reading
12.75 philanthropist
/fI"l&nTr@pIst/ (n)
person who spends money helping
others ◆
12.76 in its infancy
/%In Its "Inf@nsi/ (phr)
only just beginning ◆ My uncle
made a fortune by investing in the
Internet in the 1980s when it was
in its infancy. 䊳 infant (n)
4 FCE Result © Oxford University Press
12.77 drag away /%dr&g @"weI/
(phr v)
pull away from sb or sth ◆ I have
to drag my little sister away from
the TV sometimes.
12.78 nanny /"n&ni/ (n)
person who looks after children in
their home while the parents are
working ◆ My parents employed a
nanny when my mum went back
to work.
12.79 strike sb (as)
/straIk ... (@z)/ (v)
give sb a particular impression
◆ It strikes me as strange that
Harry should leave without telling
us where he was going.
12.80 grief-stricken
/"gri:f %strIk@n/ (adj)
feeling extremely sad because of
sth that has happened, e.g. a death
◆ The story is about a grief-stricken
woman whose husband and
brothers were killed in the war.
12.81 fund /fVnd/ (v)
give money to support ◆ The
charity funds overseas visits for
sick children. 䊳 fund (n)
12.82 dispense /dI"spens/ (v)
provide medicines ◆ The chemist
in our town has been dispensing
medicines since before I was born.
12.83 epidemic /%epI"demIk/ (n)
very large number of people
becoming ill from the same
disease ◆ There was an epidemic
of the disease in England in the
nineteenth century.
12.84 deed /di:d/ (n)
action ◆ Robin Hood is an English
hero who was well known for his
good deeds.
12.85 selfless /"selfl@s/ (adj)
not caring about yourself
◆ Because of the captain’s selfless
actions all the passengers were
saved. 䊳 self (n), selfish (adj)
12.86 strict /strIkt/ (adj)
demanding that rules should be
obeyed ◆ Our last teacher was very
strict and didn’t allow anyone to
talk in class.
12.87 talk show /"tO:k %S@U/ (n)
TV show where a presenter talks
to famous people
12.88 no mean achievement
/%n@U %mi:n @"Íi:vm@nt/ (phr)
a difficult thing to have done
◆ I persuaded Ben to lend me ten
pounds – and that was no mean
achievement!
12.89 personally
/"p3:s@n@li/ (adv)
yourself ◆ The head teacher
personally checked each exam
paper. 䊳 personal (adj), person (n)
Vocabulary
12.90 stick (to)
/"stIk (%tu:, t@)/ (v)
stay with a decision ◆ I’m going
to stick to my original idea of
painting my room blue and yellow.
Grammar
12.91 evidence /"evId@ns/ (n)
sth that gives factual information
about a crime or a theory ◆ The
evidence shows that someone
entered the house through an
upstairs window. 䊳 evident (adj)
12.92 wallpaper
/"wO:lpeIp@(r)/ (n)
paper used to decorate and cover
walls
12.93 state /steIt/ (n)
condition ◆ My car’s in a terrible
state after driving through all that
mud!
Listening
12.94 halt /hO:lt, hQlt/ (v)
stop ◆ The chemistry teacher halted
the experiment because black
smoke started to come out of the
bottle! 䊳 halt (n)
12.95 property /"prQp@ti/ (n)
sth that belongs to a person, often
buildings ◆ My brother makes
money by buying and selling
property.
12.96 laboratory /l@"bQr@tri/ (n)
place where scientific experiments
are done ◆ They’re testing the
blood in the laboratory and they’ll
send us the results soon.
12.97 in the pursuit of
/%In D@ p@"sju:t @v/ (phr)
trying to find out more about sth
◆ Many explorers died in the
pursuit of knowledge in the 18th
century.
12.98 drive /draIv/ (v)
Here: make people want to do sth
very much ◆ Money drives most
people to work hard. 䊳 drive (n)
12.99 justify /"ÙVstIfaI/ (v)
give good reasons for doing sth
◆ No one can justify clsoing down
the college. It’s ridiculous!
䊳 justification (n), justifiable (adj)
Use of English
12.103 pour /pO:(r)/ (v)
Here: flow in a continuous stream
◆ The fire was very bad. Smoke
was pouring out of an upstairs
window. Usually: transfer of a
liquid from one container into
another.
12.104 flow /fl@U/ (v)
move continuously in one direction
◆ When the town flooded water
flowed through the streets and into
many of the houses and shops.
䊳 flow (n)
12.105 trickle /"trIkl/ (v)
small amount of liquid moving
slowly ◆ There had been no rain
for months and the stream trickled
over the stones. 䊳 trickle (n)
12.106 spy /spaI/ (v)
suddenly see or notice sth ◆ As I
turned I spied a hawk swooping to
the ground. 䊳 spy (n)
12.107 peer /pI@(r)/ (v)
look carefully at sth ◆ I peered at
the car engine but I couldn’t see
anything wrong.

12.100 sabotage /"s&b@tA:Z/ (v)

do sth that will prevent sth from
being successful ◆ Enemy soldiers
sabotaged the aeroplane by making
a hole in the fuel pipe. 䊳 sabotage
(n), saboteur (n)

12.101 highlight /"haIlaIt/ (v)

emphasise sth so that people
give it more attention ◆ The film
highlighted the situation of poor
people in the cities. 䊳 highlight (n)

12.102 cause /kO:z/ (n)

an organisation or idea that people
support or fight for ◆ Many people
help the cause of endangered
animals and donate a lot of money.

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