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InjectionofEMFinrotorcircuit PDF
InjectionofEMFinrotorcircuit PDF
power is supplied through both stator and rotor. It is assumed that the machine is running at
constant torque load. The speed control of three-phase slip-ring induction motor can be done
using injected EMF in the rotor circuit. In the Schrage motor slip frequency EMF is produced
and injected into secondary winding on the stator by means of brushes.
Fig 1Equivalent circuit of induction motor with injected EMF in rotor circuit
(a) Kramer’s cascade: In Kramer’s cascade, the slip-ring induction motor is started using
rotor resistance starter. Fig 2 shows a schematic diagram of Kramer’s cascade. When
machine is running, the rotor circuit EMF is rectified and connected to a separately excited
DC motor. The DC motor is connected to the main shaft of induction motor by means of
gears. By varying the field current of DC motor, the speed of shaft can be varied in sub-
synchronous region.
Let the effective phase voltage to the rectifier is V2 and the average output voltage is VR. For
a three-phase bridge rectifier the voltage relation is
V2 VR k .VR
3 6
The referred value of V2 on stator side is,
NK
V2/ 1 w1 V2
N2K w 2
In no-load operation V2/ s0 E1 s0 V1 =constant
The voltage VR supplies power to DC motor, thus
VR k ee Ndc k ee Nr .i
N
Here transmission coefficient of the reduction gear is i dc
Nr
Let the synchronous speed of induction motor be Ns. then
Nr Ns 1 s0
Thus
NK
kk e Nsi 1 w1 e
N2K w 2 e
s0 (4)
e e en
N1K w1
E1 kk e Nsi
N2K w 2
When e =0, or field is not excited, then the no-load slip is s0 0 . However when e
=en, then the no load slip is s0 0.5 . In the Kramer’s cascade, the no-load speed of
induction motor can be reduced to 50 % of the synchronous speed. The torque slip
characteristics have been shown in Fig 3. The Kramer’s cascade is used in drives requiring
large torque at low speeds such as cement mills and rolling mills. This has also gained
importance in the areas of variable speed wind power generations.
(b) Scherbius cascade: In Scherbius cascade, the slip power is converted into DC and then
into 3 phase AC, which is fed back to three-phase lines. The schematic diagram for solid state
Scherbius cascade is given in Fig 4. The slip-ring induction motor is started using rotor
resistance starter. When machine is running, the rotor resistances are removed and rotor
terminals are connected to the three-phase rectifier. The slip power is converted into DC,
which is again connected to a three-phase bridge converter operating as an inverter. In which
the firing angle is more than 90. The logic for gate pulses for different thryristors is obtained
from three-phase lines. The converter converts the DC power into three-phase AC power
having frequency same as line frequency. The slip power is fed back to the lines using Y-Y
transformer having a definite turn ratio.
Fig 4 Schematic diagram of solid state Scherbius control of induction motor
The speed of induction motor is controlled by changing the firing angle of the
converter. For a three-phase bridge rectifier the per phase voltage relation is
V2 VR k .VR
3 6
The per phase injected EMF is
V/ 1 N K
E1 2 1 w1 V2 (5)
s0 s0 N 2 K w 2
The inverter input and output voltages satisfy the relationship,
k.VI VT cos
Here VI and VT are the inverter input and output per phase voltage
The applications are fan type load like air blowers, pumps and compressor. Since
there is no gear box, the efficiency is likely to be higher than that of Kramer’s cascade.