PHILIPPINE HISTORY

OUR
EARLY FILIPINO ANCESTORS
BARANGAYS

The Balangay (formerly synonymous with Butuan boat is a plank boat adjoined by a carved-out plank edged
through pins and dowels. It was first mentioned in the 16th Century in the Chronicles of Pigafetta, and is known as
the oldest watercraft found in the Philippines. The oldest known balangay has been carbon-dated to 320 CE.
The balangay was the first wooden watercraft excavated in Southeast Asia and is evidence of
early Filipino craftsmanship and their seamanship skills during pre-colonial times.

HOUSES AND DWELLINGS

BAHAY KUBO
The Nipa hut, or Payag, Kamalig or Bahay Kubo, is a type of stilt house indigenous to the cultures of the
Philippines. It often serves as an icon of Philippine culture or, more specificaly, rural cultures. Its architectural
principles gave way to many of Filipino traditional houses and buildings that rose after the pre-colonial era.
FOODS AND DRINKS
Five crop plants form the bases for agricultural patterns in the Philippines. This includes rice, corn, yams
and sweet potatoes, banana and coconut. Rice and banana are almost always present in the agricultural
landscape and agricultural combinations include one or both crops. As food staples, three crops
dominate - rice, corn, and yam-sweet potato group. Other crops are considered as complements, snack
foods or seasonal.

1. Rice
Referred to as palay, it is considered the traditional staple food in the Philippines it being consumed by
about three-fourths of the population. It is the primary crop on most of the Philippine farms and is grown
on more farms than any other single crop because rice has few environmental restrictions. Temperatures
are suitable everywhere except in the highest mountain country. In other places, restrictions are negated
due to provision of irrigation or planting during the rainy season. Because of its favorable conditions,
Central Luzon is the largest regional producer while Mindanao is the source of the largest surpluses.
2. Corn
Known locally as mais, corn was first introduced in Visayas during the sixteenth century and eventually
spread to other parts of the Philippines. Because of its adaptability and affordability, it has been
considered a common replacement for rice and has been steadily rising in importance as a Philippine
crop and food staple. Corn can be grown almost everywhere in the Philippines even on drier soils and is
being planted somewhere year-round. There are many varieties of corn grown but flint corns are the
most common because of better adaptation in the making of "corn rice”. Though planting of corn is
abundant, it suffers from a wide range of diseases and pests in the Philippine environment. It is in
Southern Mindanao, Northeast Luzon and the Visayan islands of Cebu, Bohol, Leyte and Negros where
corn is the dominant food crop.
3. Root Crops
Probably the oldest group of food crops in the Philippines, root crops includes yams, taros, sweet potato
and manioc. Although rice has already replaced yams and taros as the preferred root crop, it still remains
as the dominant food in some regions and has assumed complementary roles in others. The coming of
the Spaniards also brought sweet potato, manioc and peanuts in the country. Sweet potato, commonly
known as camote, has replaced yams in regions that still considered it as their staple food. Manioc also
known as cassava, on the other hand, became a complementary crop. Peanut also became a
complementary crop and became widely distributed but not commonly grown. These root crops have
been considered as the staple food for the poor, thrifty or hard-time crop. The sweet potato, yam and
manioc are widely grown in hill countries of Leyte and Sorsogon Peninsula of Southern Luzon.
4. Vegetable Crops
This kind of crop did not gain popularity unlike the first three because the shifting-cultivation
background employed gathering of wild products as a complementary aspect of the dietary economy.
Kitchen gardens mostly contained herbs and vines while seasoning has not been significant to native
Filipino cookery, however this is up to debate as trading with Asian neighbors such India and Indonesia
may have introduced certain spices to the Filipino diet especially in areas such as Mindanao, which was
most likely lost due to Spanish colonization. Much of the practice were introduced by the Spaniards,
Chinese or Americans. Some of the most popular vegetables planted are eggplant, taro (gabi), squash,
mung bean, ampalaya and patola. However archaeological evidence of charred vegetable matter on
porcelain plates is possible evidence of wide of vegetables in the Filipino diet.
5. Fruit and Nut Crops
This group is composed of native plants that are found growing in wild areas and non-native plants that
have been repeatedly introduced over time. The fruits and nuts sector hasn't been a dominant presence as
a food staple but instead it has been considered a complement. Though coconut has been considered a
commercial crop due to its wide variety of uses, it is still only a complementary or specialty itemjust as
 the other crops in this category. Some of the most popular fruits include banana, jackfruit, papaya and
mango.
6. Beverage Crops
The closest thing the Philippines has to a traditional national drink is tuba. The tuba is made by
collecting milk from green to ripe coconuts and slightly fermenting the coconut sap and variably dying it
with mangrove bark but this has to be made daily and consumed immediately. Tuba can also be made
from the sap of the buri palm or from the sap of the nipa palm. Coffee and cacao have also been
introduced by the Spaniards and although both plants spread widely and Philippine conditions are
suitable for it but neither caught on sufficiently to be promoted as a strong agricultural product.

Poultry and fish are the main sources of meat in the Philippines. Pigs, chicken and water buffalos
(carabao) are not only of importance to the Philippine rice economy but are also consumed by many
Filipinos. But because the Philippines is located in the Indo-Pacific realm, the greatest center of fish life,
the country is one that shares in this rich aquatic resource with a total of more than 21,000 species of
fishes known to frequent its waters.

1. Livestock and Poultry

Pigs, chicken, goats, deer water buffaloes and others dominate food consumption but there has also been
the presence of ducks and geese as these are also present in southeast Asian mainland and therefore also
the Philippines. Foreign influences later appeared as the country was colonized by different colonizers.
The Spaniards added mutton to the traditional rice-fish-pork-chicken-beef dietary and the American
further strengthened this influence so that lamb or mutton consumption increased steadily. Eggs also
became a minor food supply to the dietary such as one local delicacy, the balut, which is an almost-
hatched duck eggs cooked in boiling water in the shell.

2. Fish and Other Seafoods

The traditional and basic Filipino diet is rice and fish. Fish and fish products supply the bulk of the
protein consumed and fish appears daily for more the one-half of the Filipinos. As the Philippines is
surrounded by waters, almost every family did fishing regularly or seasonally. Some usual fishes found
in Philippine waters include dilis or anchovies that are abundant in the Visayan Sea, Sulu Sea, Samar
Sea and waters of north Palawan and usually dried or processed to make bagoong, sardines or tamban
that are numerous in Sulu and Visayan Seas and are cured, dried or salted to make tinapa, and
dalagangbukid that are generally caught over the coral reefs in Sulu or Palawan waters and is later
prepared as daing. Crustaceans such as shrimp and crabs are also abundant in Philippine coastal waters.
BASI

TUBA

LAMBANOG
 TAPUY

MODE OF DRESSING
 KALOMBIGAS

PUTONG
TATTOOES

The tattooes served two purposes :

1.To enhance their bodily beauty

2.To show their war record

The more men a warrior had killed in battle,th e more tattooed he was. The women were less tattooed than
men.The children were not tattooed at all.

NATURAL COURTESY AND POLITENESS

CLEANLINESS AND NEATNESS

GUGO

BUYO
EMANCIPATION OF TWO SLAVES
1.MARRIAGE

2.PURCHASE

3.VOLUNTARY ACTION OF THE MASTER

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

SILBAY
TULTUGAN

KULINTANG

KALALENG
 KUDYAPI

SURACAN
Baranganic Relationships

SANDUGO
The Balanghai or Balangay or Butuan Boat is a plank boat adjoined by a carved-out plank edged through pins
and dowels. It was first mentioned in the 16th Century in the Chronicles of Pigafetta, and is known as the oldest
Pre-Hispanic watercraft found in the Philippines.

BAHAY KUBO(NIPA HUT)

The Nipa hut, or Payag, Kamalig or Bahay Kubo, is a type of stilt house indigenous to the cultures of the
Philippines.It often serves as an icon of Philippine culture or, more specificaly, rural cultures. Its architectural
principles gave way to many of Filipino traditional houses and buildings that rose after the pre-colonial era.

Rear of barrio house for washing and for storage of water

FOODS
 TUBA

LAMBANOG
MODE OF DRESSING
 KALOMBIGAS

TATTOOES
NATURAL COURTESY AND POLITENESS
CLEANLINESS AND NEATNESS

GOGO

BUYO
SOCIETY AND SOCIAL CLASSES
MUSIC INSTRUMENTS

SILBAY

TULTUGAN

KULINTANG
 KALALENG

KUDYAPI

SURACAN
SANDUGO
Lalahon
Dayang Kalangitan (Baybayin: ᜃᜃᜃᜃᜃᜃᜃ , Abecedario: Cálan͠gúitán) (r. 1450–ca. 1515) is a
legendary figure in early Philippine history who was said to be Dayang of the pre-Hispanic Philippine
polity of Pasig.[1] The eldest daughter of Rajah Gambang and ruling Pasig together with her
husband, Rajah Lontok, legend considers her one of the most powerful rulers in the early history of
the Tagalog people, and one of very few female leaders in early Philippine history.
Under her reign, the Kingdom of Tondo reached its Golden Age, where it spanned from the southern
Cordilleras down to Ibalon (now Bicol). She is also notably the last Buddhist ruler of Tondo, which
encompassed land along the banks of the Pasig River in Metro Manila.
Life

Dayang Kalangitan was the daughter of Rajah Gambang, who was then sovereign of Tondo. Since her
father died without leaving a male heir, she was appointed queen regnant. Kalangitan married
to Gat Lontok, (later Rajah Lontok) of Tondo. Believing herself capable of ruling, she proved to be a
strong ruler. Together with her husband, Kalangitan established a small kingdom upstream to the east
of Tondo around the Bitukang Manók (today Parian Creek in Pasig City).
Sometime around 1450, she became sole ruler of both Tondo and her own realm in Bitukang Manók. In
order to maintain power and influence as queen, Kalangitan assented to the marriage of one of her
daughters, Dayang Panginoan, to Prince Balagtas, the son of Empress Sasaban of Namayan. Under her
reign, the Kingdom of Tondo reached its Golden Age, where it spanned from the southern Cordilleras
down to Ibalon (now Bicol), the greatest extent of the kingdom's historical territories.
Dayang Kalangitan's son Salalila succeeded her as monarch of Tondo; after converting to Islam, he
adopted his more famous name, Sulaiman.[1]
Issue

Dayang Kalangitan had four children:[2]

 Dayang Panginoan, married Gat Balagtas of Sapa (now Sta. Ana, Manila);
 Dayang Lahat, married Gat Timog;
 Rajah Salalila, later known as Rajah Sulaiman I, Rajah of Maynila;
 Gat Kahiya
Lakandula