Metacognition– Awareness or analysis of one’s own learning or thinking process.

“Thinking about thinking” or “learning how to learn”

Acquired knowledge about cognitive process.

This term was coined by John Flavell(1979-1987)

THREE CATEGORIES OF METACOGNITIVE KNOWLEDGE

KNOWLEDGE OF PERSON VARIABLES
-Knowledge about how human beings learn and process information.
For example, studying early in the morning and late at night.
KNOWLEDGE OF TASK VARIABLES
-Knowledge about the nature of task.
-It is about knowing what exactly needs to be accomplished, gauging its difficulty and knowing the kind of effort it will
demand for you.
For example, being aware that you take more time in reading a book in educational philosophy than reading a novel.
KNOWLEDGE OF STRATEGY VARIABLES
-Involves awareness of the strategy you are using to learn a topic.
Meta-attention is the awareness of specific strategies so that you can keep your attention focused on the topic or task at
hand.

Omrod, includes the following in the practice of metacognition:

Knowing the limits of one’s own learning and memory capacities.
Knowing what learning tasks one can realistically accomplish within a certain amount of time.
Knowing which learning strategies are effective and which are not.
Planning an approach to a learning task that is likely to be successful.
Huitt believes that metacognition includes the ability to ask and answer the following types of questions:
What do I know about this subject, topic, issue?
Do I know what I need to know?
Do I know where I can go to get some information, knowledge?
How much time will I need to learn this?
What are some strategies and tactics that I can use to learn this?
Did I understand what I just heard, read or saw?
How will I know if I am learning at an appropriate topic?
How can I spot an error if I make one?
How should I revise my plan if it is not.

METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES TO FACILITATE LEARNING.

some examples of teaching STRATEGIES TO DEVELOP METACOGNITION:
Have students monitor their own learning and thinking.
Teach students study or learning strategies.

TQLR – it is a metacognitive strategy before listening to a story or a presentation.

PQ4R – this strategy is used in a study of a unit or chapter.

T – TUNE IN
– It is first important for the learner himself to be aware that he is paying attention, and that he is ready to learn.
Q – QUESTION
– the learner is given questions or he thinks of questions about what he will soon learn.
L – LISTEN
– the learner exerts effort to listen.
R – REMEMBER
– the learner uses ways or strategies to remember what was learned.
P – PREVIEW
Scan the whole chapter before delving in each paragraph
Q – QUESTION
Read the guide question provided, or think of your own questions about the topic.
R – READ
Check out sub headings as you read. Find out the meaning of words that are not clear to you.
R – RECITE
Work on answering the questions you had earlier.
R – REVIEW
Pinpoint topics you may need to go back and read in order to understand better.
R – REFLECT
Think about what you read.

Novice and expert learners

-Novice Learners
A person who has just started learning or doing something.
-Expert Learners
Employed metacognitive strategies in learning.
Monitored their learning and consequently adjusted their strategies to make learning more effective.
Difference between Novice and learners
Knowledge in different subject areas
Problem Solving
Learning/thinking strategies
Selectivity in processing
Production of output

My reflection:
When we study this topic. I have learned many things. I have learned the three categories of metacognitive knowledge such
as knowledge of person variables, knowledge of task variables and knowledge of strategy variables. I also learned the
students study or learning strategies such as TQLR and PQ4R, which is TQLR is used before reading or watching a story and
PQ4R is used in a study of a unit or chapter. The two types of learners is also tackled here, such as novice and expert
learners which is novice learners is a person who has just started learning or doing something and expert learners is
employed metacognitive strategies in learning.

After the discussion of this topic our teacher Mrs. Gallardo gave us an activity which is making a yell, tablu and
dramatization or role playing. I really enjoy this activity. Our tablu is all about the two types of learners the novice and
expert learners and the role playing is all about the difference of TQLR and PQ4R. I didn’t notice the time because the
activity is very fun and when I look at my watch it is already 5 o’clock and we need to finish this activity because we need to
go home.

-Charles Matthew P. Cacalda