Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PDReviewer 1Q 2018 PDF
PDReviewer 1Q 2018 PDF
Unit 1: SELF-DEVELOPMENT
Introduction to Personal Development
Personal Development is the process of improving oneself.
ESSENTIAL UNDERSTANDING
Achieving one’s full potential requires understanding ourselves, accepting our strengths and weaknesses, and being aware of the
developmental tasks and challenges that accompany our development
Attitude is a key factor in personality development – a settled way of thinking and feeling about someone or something, typically
reflecting in a person’s behavior.
COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDE
Cognition will be represented by Thoughts
Affect will be represented by Feelings
Behavior represents itself
LSC
Thought - an idea or opinion produced by thinking or occurring suddenly in the mind.
Thoughts usually originate from things we have learned both in a right way and a wrong way
Feeling – the emotional state or reaction; the emotional responses or tendencies to respond; a sensitivity to or intuitive
understanding (Intuitive – using or based on what one feels to be true even without conscious reasoning)
Feelings (affect) and behavior relate to each other interchangeably
Behavior is the primary output of our attitude.
It also affects our thoughts and feelings, ultimately leading back to its source – attitude.
Behavior can be overt or covert
Overt Behavior – expressed consciously like replying to a friend or volunteering for class recitation.
Covert Behavior – occurs beyond our awareness, in our blind spot. Mannerism, body language, gestures, and personal tendencies fall
here.
A way to look at our attitude is to assess the relationships between our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Early Childhood Parents Autonomy vs. - Develops self-control and physical skills, - Compulsive self-restraint or compliance
(18 months to 3 Shame and Doubt and sense of independence without losing - Willfulness and defiance
years) self-esteem - Failure will result in feelings of shame and
- Ability to cooperate and to express doubt
oneself
- Develops feeling of autonomy
LSC
Influential Conflict or Crisis Possible Results from Resolving Conflict or Crisis
Stages
Figure to be Resolved
Favorable Result Unfavorable Result
Late Childhood Parents and Initiative vs. Guilt - Learns that being assertive, using power, - When using too much power and control,
(Pre-School) Teachers and being purposeful can influence their might experience disapproval resulting in
(3-5 years) environment lack of self-confidence and sense of guilt
- Develops sense of purpose - Pessimism, fear of being wrongly judged
- Starts to evaluate one’s behavior
School Age Parents and Industry vs. - Learns how to cope with the school - Loss of hope, sense of being mediocre
(6-12 years) Teachers Inferiority environment and its demands - Develops feelings of inferiority
- Learns how to create, develop, and - Withdrawal from school and peers
manipulate
- Develops a sense of competence and
perseverance
Adolescence Teachers and Identity vs. Role - Develops a sense of self and identity - Feeling of confusion, indecisiveness, and
(12-20 years) Significant Others Confusion - Plans to actualize one’s abilities anti-social behavior
- Develops the ability to stay true to - Weak sense of self
oneself
Young Friends Intimacy vs. Isolation - Develops strong need to form intimate, - Interpersonal, weak relationships
Adulthood loving relationship with a group of people - Avoidance of relationship, career, or
(20-25 years) or with another person lifestyle commitments
- Develops strong relationships - May result in isolation and loneliness
- Learns commitment to work and with
another person or group
Adulthood Community Generativity vs. - Creates or nurtures things that will - Self-indulgence, self-concern, or lack of
(25-65 years) Stagnation outlast them, either by having children or interest and commitments
creating a positive change that benefits - Shallow involvement in the world,
others. pessimism
- Creativity, productivity, feeling of
usefulness and accomplishment, and
concern for others
Maturity Community Integrity vs. Despair - Sense of fulfilment as one looks back in - Sense of loss, contempt for others
(65 years to one’s life and develops feeling of wisdom - May result in regret, bitterness and
death) - Acceptance of worth and uniqueness of despair
one’s own life
- Acceptance of the inevitability of death
and transitioning
Physical Development - Most girls have completed the physical changes related to puberty by age 15. Boys are still maturing and
gaining strength, muscle mass, and height and are completing the development of sexual traits.
Emotional Development - May stress over school and test scores. Is self-involved (may have high expectations and low self-concept).
Seeks privacy and time alone. Is concerned about physical and sexual attractiveness. May complain that parents prevent him or her
from doing things independently. Starts to want both physical and emotional intimacy in relationships. The experience of intimate
partnerships
Social Development - shifts in relationship with parents from dependency and subordination to one that reflects the adolescent’s
increasing maturity and responsibilities in the family and the community, is more and more aware of social behaviors of friends.
Seeks friends that share the same beliefs, values, and interests. Friends become more important. Starts to have more intellectual
interests. Explores romantic and sexual behaviors with others. May be influenced by peers to try risky behaviors (alcohol, tobacco,
sex, illegal drugs).
Mental Development - Becomes better able to set goals and think in terms of the future. Has a better understanding of complex
problems and issues. Starts to develop moral ideals and to select role models.
Encouragement is the key ingredient for improving your relationships with others.
- The action of giving someone support, confidence, or hope. Synonyms: heartening, cheering up, inspiration, motivation, stimulation,
fortification, support, morale-boosting. It develops a person’s psychological hardiness and social interest.
It is the lifeblood of a relationship. And yet, this simple concept is often very hard to put into practice.
Encouragement is not a new idea. Its spiritual connotation dates back to the Bible in 1 Thessalonians 5:11
“Therefore encourage one another and build each other up, just as in fact you are doing.”
LSC
However, even today, relatively few (individuals, experts) utilized this valuable concept.
Most of the time, people mistakenly use a technique like praise in an effort to “encourage” others.
Half the job of encouragement lies in avoiding discouraging words and actions.
ESSENTIAL UNDERSTANDING
An adolescent’s well-being can be developed by exercising one’s thinking skills, regulating one’s emotions well, and managing
personal stress effectively.
Equilibrium (noun) - a state in which opposing forces or influences are balance; a state of physical balance
Stimulus (noun) - a thing or event that evokes(bring or recall to conscious mind) a specific functional reaction in an organ of tissue.
SOURCES OF STRESS
Stressor - It is but anything that induces a stress response.
It may be physical, mental, emotional, social, psychological, economic, or even spiritual in nature.
Physical stressors may come in form of pollution, a congested place, or a high level of noise. It may also include fatigue, pain, shock,
trauma, and other physiological conditions in our body.
Mental stressors include academic overload, reviewing for exams, running after deadlines or situations that call for sustained mental
effort.
Social, emotional, and psychological stressors are somehow interrelated because they involve relating with other people.
As we interact with others, we encounter conflicts and disappointments leading to feelings of frustration, tension, anxiety, and even
anger or depression.
Economic stressors may involve one’s socio-economic condition such as limited financial resources to meet our essential needs in life.
Lastly, stressor affecting our spirituality involves loss of joy and peace or disturbance of tranquillity.
MANAGING STRESS
Common Signs and Symptoms of Stress
Cognitive Symptoms Emotional Symptoms
Memory problems Moodiness
Inability to concentrate Irritability or short temper
Poor judgement Agitation*, inability to relax
Seeing only the negative Feeling overwhelmed
Anxious or racing thoughts Sense of loneliness and isolation
Constant worrying Depression or general unhappiness
Emotion-Focused Coping is used when a person has no capacity to deal with the source of the problem.
i.e.: avoiding, distancing, accepting the situation, or turning to alcohol or asking for professional help.
Problem-Focused Coping deals with the stressors directly in practical ways.
People with problem-focused coping take control of their situation by removing the source of the stress or
reducing the effect of stressors.
LSC
Several steps can be used in problem-focused coping such as defining the problem, looking for alternative solutions, learning new
skills to deal with the stressors, and reappraising to find new standards of behavior.
Excessive playing of computer games Talking with friends about their opinion
Ned Herrmann theorized that the brain has four parts known as Four Dominant Quadrants
Mental health is defined as “a state of emotional and psychological well-being in which an individual is able to use his or her cognitive
and emotional capabilities, function in society, and meet the ordinary demands of everyday life.”
Macroexpressions are emotions that we do not intend to hide and occur whenever we are alone or with family and close friends.
On the other hand, microexpressions, are expressions that go on and off the face in a fraction of a second, as fast as 1/30 of a
second. In an attempt to conceal emotions, microexpression can happen so fast that one cannot recognize or see them easily.
Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of compassion and the God of all comfort, who comforts us in all our
troubles, so that we can comfort those in any trouble with the comfort we ourselves receive from God.
- 2 Corinthians 1:3-4 (NIV)
God bless!
LSC