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P ORTALS TO R EADING
Reading Skills Through Literature
Adding Endings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Finding Base Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Comprehension Skills
Classifying Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Making Inferences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Matching Synonyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Sequencing Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Determining Feelings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Study Skills
Determining Alphabetical Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Creative Skills
Recalling an Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Creating a Picture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Recalling a Character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Creating a Character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Explaining Feelings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Response Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
OUT OF THE DUST
Author! Author!
KAREN HESSE
Karen Hesse was born on August 29, only the relationships between people but
1952, in Baltimore, Maryland. She grew up the relationship between the people and
in a row house surrounded by people, the land itself. It was all about
sights, and sounds, but she often felt alone. forgiveness.”
As a young girl, Karen Hesse spent many Ms. Hesse never attempted to write the
hours “tucked in a corner of the library book any other way than in free verse. She
devouring books.” She was inspired by her said, “The frugality of the life, the
fifth-grade teacher to write. Ms. Hesse hypnotically hard work of farming, and the
knew she was “good with words,” so this grimness of conditions during the dust
wasn’t a hard task. demanded an economy of words.”
Ms. Hesse graduated from the University Ms. Hesse concluded her speech by
of Maryland. She has worked as a teacher, saying that historical fiction gives the
a librarian, an advertising secretary, a reader perspective. It relieves the
typesetter, and a proofreader. pressures of present-day life and gives the
It took almost 30 years for her dream of reader a safe place in which to grow,
publication to come true. In 1991, Wish on transform, and transcend. “It helps us
a Unicorn became her first published understand that sometimes the questions
book. In 1996, The Music of the Dolphins are too hard, that sometimes there are no
won numerous awards, including being answers, and that sometimes there is only
named best book of the year by Booklinks forgiveness.”
and Publishers Weekly magazines. In addition to the Newbery Medal, Out of
In her 1998 Newbery acceptance speech the Dust received the Scott O’Dell Award
for Out of the Dust, Ms. Hesse stated that for Historical Fiction and was named best
the book is not only about the Great book of the year by Publishers Weekly,
Depression but also about forgiveness. Booklinks, and the ALA.
“The whole book, every relationship. Not
Billie Jo Kelby is born in the Oklahoma other. Without Ma, Daddy and Billie Jo live
dust bowl. She inherits Daddy’s physical separate lives in the same house.
characteristics and Ma’s love of playing the Then Billie Jo notices that Daddy has
piano. developed spots on his face just like
Because of the lack of rain, the wheat Grandpa, who died of skin cancer. But
crop fails time and again. The dust blows Daddy will not see Doc Rice to have it
day and night. Billie Jo’s only reprieve is treated. Billie Jo can’t handle life on the
playing the piano. farm any longer. She decides the only
One day, Daddy leaves a pan of kerosene solution is to run away, heading west on
by the stove. An accident occurs. Ma is the train.
burned badly. Billie Jo burns her hands Billie Jo travels to Flagstaff, Arizona,
trying to save her mother. Ma delivers the before returning home. But she discovers
infant Franklin, but they both die. that running away does not lessen her
Billie Jo considers her role in the new loneliness. She calls Daddy and tells him
family and life on the farm. Strangely, she will be home soon.
Daddy begins digging a hole for a pond in Daddy meets Billie Jo at the train, and
the yard. they begin to forge a new relationship.
Billie Jo’s disfigured hands are a They both visit Doc Rice.
constant source of pain. She is uneasy Daddy has met a woman at the night
around others. But she enters a talent show school he has been attending. He and
and wins third prize. The pain in her hands Louise have fallen in love while Billie Jo
is unbearable. Billie Jo worries that she has was gone. Louise gives Billie Jo time to
won the prize out of pity, not talent. adjust to the relationship.
Arley and Miss Freeland encourage Billie Billie Jo and Daddy begin to repair their
Jo to continue playing. But it’s too painful, relationship, and Billie Jo and Louise begin
both physically and emotionally. to develop one. The Kelbys soon start to
Billie Jo and Daddy grieve separately feel like a family again.
and silently. They find no comfort in each
Making Compounds
Two words combined form a compound. Each word in
Box A forms the first part of a compound. Each word in
Box B forms the second part. In the blank in each
sentence below, write the compound that best completes
the sentence. Use a word from each box to make your
compounds.
Box A Box B
pepper fare payment foot
grand over headed day
birth week nights boy
cheek half bones way
plow red mint pa
bare well
4. The rabbits could hop to Liberal and still not find food.
(continued)
2. Ma was the only one who taught Billie Jo to play the piano.
Adding Endings
Read each sentence. Then look at the word shown in
parentheses at the end of the sentence. Add an ending
such as -ed, -ing, -s, or -er to the word to make it fit in
the sentence. Remember, you may need to change the
word when you add the ending. Write the new word in
the blank.
Example: schoolhouse 2
1. bonus 16. graves
Classifying Words
In each group of words below, one word does not
belong with the others. Draw a line through the word
that does not belong. Then decide what the other three
words have in common. Write your answer on the blank
line after the words.
numbers
They are all __________________________________________________.
(continued)
Making Inferences
Read each of the questions below. Then read the three
possible answers. Think about what happened in the
chapter “Summer 1934” of Out of the Dust. Use what you
know to choose the best answer for each question.
Circle the number next to the answer you choose.
a. Why did Ma cry when she heard about the five Dionne
babies?
(continued)
Matching Synonyms
screaming bodies shook
A synonym is a word having the same or
faraway burned rain
nearly the same meaning as another word.
dropping raced get
Read each sentence. Choose a synonym
satisfy piled
from the word box to replace the italicized
word. Write your answer on the blank line.
2. Billie Jo had earned money now and then playing piano. where when how
4. Rain clouds hung low over the farm. where when how
7. The basketball team started practice this week. where when how
9. Billie Jo watched how the snow melted into the earth. where when how
10. Vera planned a dance revue at the Palace. where when how
(continued)
12. Vera’s costumes came all the way from the city. where when how
13. Mad Dog stood by the piano during rehearsals. where when how
14. Mad Dog didn’t stare at Billie Jo’s deformed hands. where when how
15. Billie Jo was grateful to Arley and Vera. where when how
16. Fourteen years ago, Billie Jo had been two. where when how
17. There was an art exhibit last week. where when how
18. The library let Billie Jo in the second and third times for free. where when how
19. Ma’s book of poetry sat on a shelf over the piano. where when how
1. Daddy decided that he would go to work for Wireless Power. Billie Jo thought it would
be a good idea because the winter crop didn’t look good. She felt that a job would
make Daddy feel better. Do you agree or disagree with Billie Jo? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Arley Wanderdale was the only one who would talk about Billie Jo’s hands. He
predicted that Billie Jo would be able to play the piano again if only she would try. Do
you agree or disagree with Arley? Why?
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___________________________________________________________________________
3. In November, it snowed a gentle Christmas snow. Billie Jo thought this would make
her father happy. Do you agree or disagree that the snow would make Daddy happy?
Why?
___________________________________________________________________________
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Remembering Details
The following questions are about the main character
and some of the events in the book. Write the answers on
the lines below the questions. Be sure to use complete
sentences.
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Why didn’t Coach Albright say anything about Billie Jo playing basketball? __________
____________________________________________________________________________
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4. Why did Billie Jo agree to play for the dance revue? ______________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5. Why was Billie Jo grateful about the way Mad Dog talked to her? ___________________
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Sequencing Events
The two sets of events listed below are arranged in
incorrect sequence. Number each set of events in order
from 1 to 5 by writing a 1 in the blank before the event
that happened first, a 2 before the event that happened
next, and so on.
Set 1
The teacher said the family could stay as long as they wanted.
Billie Jo, her classmates, and her teacher entered their classroom.
The next day, students brought food and clothes to share with the family.
Set 2
Couples were (1) dancing at the President’s Ball. The ball was held to
Daddy wore his best (3) , and Billie Jo wore her dress with the
About ten, Arley announced that they had (7) 33 dollars. They
had done better last year. Of course, everything had been better. Even Billie Jo’s mother
This night, though, everyone felt (9) . They felt free of dust,
On this special (10) , Billie Jo smiled most of the time. She even
Discovering Meaning
Through Context
Read the following sentences. Three meanings are
given for each italicized word. Use the context of the
sentence to figure out which meaning is correct.
Underline the correct meaning.
Example: During the years of rain, the wheat crop thrived and farmers were happy.
2. After breathing the dust, Billie Jo used a damp cloth to wipe the grime from her nose
and mouth.
3. Thinking of her mother’s death and the wheatless fields, Billie swore that she would
leave that forsaken place.
4. There was enough rain that relieved farmers watched withered wheat stalks revive.
(continued)
5. The man, his wife, the three children, and the grandma sat crammed in the tiny pickup.
6. Billie Jo bit her lip and tried to ignore the pain when her hands began to throb from
playing the piano over and over.
7. Billie Jo was getting more and more jittery as she watched the other acts perform. She
could hardly stand still.
8. Billie Jo looked at the cracks in the parched earth. There hadn’t been rain for weeks.
9. Daddy decided to go to night school. That way he would have prospects to fall back on
if the farm failed.
10. No matter how awful life seemed, Ma was always able to reassure Billie Jo by stroking
her hair or singing her to sleep.
(continued)
c. In April 1935, the skies cleared and blue sky was visible
for miles. By the third day of clear skies, people were
singing and planning picnics and car trips. The last dust
storm seemed a long time in the past.
Cause Effect
1. Daddy had raised spots on his face A woman welcomed the funeral
like his father had had. procession into her home.
2. Billie Jo didn’t want people staring at Billie Jo crossed her arms tightly
her scarred hands. in front of her.
3. The townspeople knew how fire had The townspeople believed the
changed Billie Jo’s life. worst was over.
4. For three days, the skies were clear Billie Jo worried about her
without a sign of a dust storm. father’s health.
1. The dust storm finally let up. Daddy got the tractor running so
he could replant the wheat.
2. Billie Jo was unable to play the piano Daddy and Billie Jo cleaned the
at graduation. thick grime out of the truck.
3. A steady rain soaked the ground and Billie Jo asked Daddy if they
softened the earth. could adopt the baby.
Matching Antonyms
connected partial fanned
An antonym is a word that means the rudeness calmly hope
opposite or nearly the opposite of another skipped began damp
word. Read each sentence. Choose an smiling anger
antonym from the word box to replace the
italicized word. Write your answer on the
blank line.
Determining Feelings
A person does not always express Dust. The name of the character is
feelings directly in words. Sometimes italicized. First study the clues. Then
feelings are shown through other clues as choose the word from the box that best
well. Each of the sentences below provides describes the character’s feelings. Write the
clues to a character’s feelings in Out of the word in the blank in front of the sentence.
10. Billie Jo realized that the past was not all her father’s fault.
1. It’s hard for all fathers and daughters to talk to each other.
6. Billie Jo should have jumped off the train when the man climbed
into the boxcar.
8. Billie Jo should mind her own business and not contact the man’s family.
10. Daddy should not have met the train because Billie Jo chose to run away
from home.
Determining
Alphabetical Order
Words are listed in a dictionary in which they would appear in the dictionary.
alphabetical order. Number the six words Write a 1 in the blank before the word that
in each list below to show the order in comes first alphabetically, and so on.
Example: A. B.
1 piano touch willing
2 picture tonight wind
3 piled tongue watching
6 promises tumbleweed water
4 plant temper waiting
5 pond together wheat
C. D. E.
cover mirror filled
companion mostly family
comes moving finishes
coming mending food
comfort moved father
comb mother Flagstaff
F. G. H.
bitterness digging away
brother dream again
biscuits dying awhile
beneath double anyone
boxcar different address
birthday drifts agency
1. anything 1. 1.
2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3.
4. 4. 4.
5. 5. 5.
6. 6. 6.
2. (strı̄pd) reflection
4. (klēnd) college
6. (strāt) cleaned
7. (āk) bandages
pat/ cāke/ cär/ pet/ mē/ it/ nı̄ce/ pot/ cōld/ nôrth/
book / fool/ boil/ out/ cup/ mūle/ burn/ sing/ thin/
this/ hw in white/ zh in pleasure/ E in about
The : mark indicates an accented syllable.
Glossary
dream 1. hope 2. picture seen in the mind 3. to imagine
face 1. to confront or deal with 2. to stand with the face toward 3. front part of the
head 4. facial expression
grave 1. serious 2. burial place
place 1. to put 2. an area without definite boundaries 3. space or room 4. house or
dwelling 5. to come in second in a race
time 1. period when action takes place 2. period of history 3. to record the rate of
something 4. tempo
5. Billie Jo finally had to face the fact that Daddy cared for Louise.
(continued)
7. Billie Jo told Louise about times when the family had been happy.
10. Billie Jo turned to face the hill where her mother was buried.
11. Billie Jo had found a place near the book of poetry for the letter.
14. Billie Jo had timed how long it took to get from the train station
to the farm.
15. Billie Jo had dreamed of any place where there would be no dust.
Recalling an Event
Think about the accident when Billie Jo and her
mother were burned. Then describe this event to
someone who has not read the book. Remember to
include details about the setting, why the event
happened, how the characters felt, and so on.
_______________________________________________________________________________
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Creating a Picture
Draw one of the scenes the author describes in Out of
the Dust. Then write your own description of what you
have drawn.
Recalling a Character
Think about a character from this book. Imagine that
you are describing this character to someone who has
not read the book. Write your description of the
character. Try to include information about the
character’s appearance, likes and dislikes, behavior,
family relationships, and so forth.
Character: ____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
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Creating a Character
Imagine that you are Billie Jo. It’s been a year since
you returned home, and you’re being interviewed by a
newspaper reporter. Write your answers to the reporter’s
questions on the lines provided.
Reporter: How are you and your father getting along now?
_________________________________________________________________
Reporter: Explain how Louise has influenced your life in the last year.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Reporter: How have the early events in your life influenced your plans?
_________________________________________________________________
Reporter: What advice would you give others faced with similar difficulties?
_________________________________________________________________
Example: ghost
1. pale
_________________________
2. spooky
_________________________
3. mischievous
_________________________
4. floating
_________________________
A. Billie Jo B. piano
1. _________________________ 1. __________________________
2. _________________________ 2. __________________________
3. _________________________ 3. __________________________
4. _________________________ 4. __________________________
C. dust D. fire
1. _________________________ 1. __________________________
2. _________________________ 2. __________________________
3. _________________________ 3. __________________________
4. _________________________ 4. __________________________
E. rain F. home
1. _________________________ 1. __________________________
2. _________________________ 2. __________________________
3. _________________________ 3. __________________________
4. _________________________ 4. __________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
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Explaining Feelings
The questions below ask you to describe the feelings
you had as you read the book. Read each question
carefully. Write your response on the lines provided.
Explain why you felt the way you did. Be sure to use
complete sentences.
1. How did you feel when Billie Jo returned the money to Mr. Hardly?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2. How did you feel when the wind destroyed most of the apples on Ma’s trees?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3. How did you feel when Daddy left Billie all alone with her injured mother?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
(continued)
4. How did you feel when Billie Jo noticed the spots on her father’s face?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5. How did you feel when Mad Dog told Billie Jo he was going to Amarillo to sing on the
radio?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
6. How did you feel when Billie Jo and her father began talking on the way home from
the train station?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
7. How did you feel when Billie Jo finally sat down at the piano and began playing again?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Optional Spelling
and Vocabulary Lists
Here are eight word lists from the book. The words
can be used as spelling or vocabulary words.
(continued)
Supplementary Activities
Below is a list of ideas that could be used as
supplementary or culminating activities.
I. Oral reading
B. To each other
C. To the teacher
D. To a tape recorder
1. Most important
2. Most humorous
3. Most saddening
4. Most exciting
5. Most liked
D. Characters
(continued)
V. Artistic creations
A. Murals
B. Dioramas
C. Book jackets
D. Posters
E. Puppets
F. Poetry
G. Costumes
H. Portraits
I. Mobiles
J. Songs
VI. Research
B. Dust bowl
C. Migrant workers
D. Oklahoma in 1934–1935
E. Skin cancer
Response Key
COMPREHENSION SKILLS
Classifying Words (page 16)
1. throat/fruits; 2. dust/time measurements; 3. Canada/states; 4. kerosene/beverages;
5. anyone/family members; 6. dunes/parts of a house; 7. fields/parts of a plant;
8. meat/plants; 9. baby/animals; 10. pond/toys
53
Matching Synonyms (page 20)
1. faraway; 2. raced; 3. screaming; 4. piled; 5. shook; 6. burned; 7. satisfy; 8. dropping;
9. get; 10. bodies
54
Determining Feelings (page 33)
1. bitter; 2. lonely; 3. generous; 4. remorseful; 5. sympathetic; 6. caring; 7. worried;
8. hopeful; 9. content; 10. forgiving
STUDY SKILLS
Determining Alphabetical Order (page 35)
A. 5; 4; 3; 6; 1; 2
B. 5; 6; 2; 3; 1; 4
C. 6; 5; 2; 4; 3; 1
D. 2; 3; 6; 1; 5; 4
E. 3; 1; 4; 6; 2; 5
F. 4; 6; 3; 1; 5; 2
G. 2; 4; 6; 3; 1; 5
H. 5; 2; 6; 4; 1; 3
Using Guide Words (page 36)
act—fin final—march mare—tongue
1. anything 1. first 1. mark
2. bandages 2. green 2. middle
3. baskets 3. heal 3. piano
4. everything 4. honest 4. probably
5. figured 5. kitchen 5. quiet
6. filled 6. laughed 6. someone
Using a Pronunciation Key (page 37)
1. bandages; 2. striped; 3. closet; 4. cleaned; 5. history; 6. straight; 7. ache; 8. piano;
9. radio; 10. reflection; 11. poppies; 12. college; 13. potatoes; 14. right
CREATIVE SKILLS
Recalling an Event (page 40)
Responses will vary.
55
Creating a Picture (page 42)
Responses will vary.
56
OUT OF THE DUST
WORD ATTACK SKILLS STUDY SKILLS
Making Compounds Determining Alphabetical Order
Using Long Vowels Using Guide Words
Adding Endings Using a Pronunciation Key
Finding Base Words Choosing Correct Meanings
Using Short Vowels
Listening for Syllables
CREATIVE SKILLS
Recalling an Event
COMPREHENSION SKILLS
Writing a Journal Sample
Classifying Words Creating a Picture
Making Inferences Recalling a Character
Matching Synonyms Creating a Character
Classifying Word Groups Using Descriptive Words
Evaluating What You Read Writing a Book Recommendation
Remembering Details Explaining Feelings
Sequencing Events Supplementary Activities
Using Cloze Reading
Discovering Meaning Through
Context SPELLING AND
Getting the Main Idea VOCABULARY
Determining Cause and Effect Optional Spelling and
Matching Antonyms Vocabulary Lists
Determining Feelings
Determining Fact and Opinion