Abstract

Numerous tests used in identifying the rock abrasiveness exist which can
help in estimating wear. One of the widely used rock abrasion test is the
CERCHAR Abrasivity Index (CAI). This test is used for estimation of bit life and
wear in various mining, tunneling and drilling applications. The test is simple and
can be considered for field application. This apparatus will help in predicting the
wear of the drilling bit. It will also permit the optimal selection of bit, replacement
rates and scheduling maintenance and the life expectancy for the drill bit.
CERCHAR Abrasivity test was invented in France in the mid-1980s. The
testing principle is based on a steel pin with defined geometry and quality that is
used to scratch on the rock surface at a standard distance of 10 mm resulting to
wear produced on the tip of the pin. The use of this test in various research
institutes has led to CAI being a standard parameter for hard rock classification.
The main objective of the study was to design and develop an automated
CERCHAR Abrasivity Index apparatus for measurement of rock abrasion
considering its design specifications for automation using locally available
materials. The materials used for stylus was the standard alloyed cold-work tool
steel with a Rockwell hardness of HRC 55 and a conical tip angle of 90°. It should
have a diameter of at least 6 mm and a length of at least 15 mm based on ASTM
D7625. The rock samples were cut in cubical shape in order to execute the
CERCHAR test on a flat surface and should be held firmly in the vise clamp for no-
slip grip during the test. The rock specimen has a maximum width of 150 mm (6
in.) and height of 76 mm (3 in.). The rock samples used were sandstone, basalt,
limestone, granite, dolomite, and shale.

The parameters established in the preliminary testing of the apparatus were

the operating load, operating time, operating speed and testing length. Six rock
samples were tested under 50 Newton, 70 Newton and 90 Newton operating load.
The speed used in testing were 300 rpm, 800 rpm and 1300 rpm. Each rock type
was tested under three different load and three scratching speed. Upon evaluating
the results, the parameters obtained were as follows; (a) the operating load of the
apparatus was 70 Newton; (b) the operating speed was 1300 RPM.

Final testing was conducted to evaluate the performance of the apparatus.

Diameter of tool wear and CAI values were the parameters included in the final
testing. Comparing the CERCHAR Abrasivity Index (CAI) obtained by the
prototype to that of the reference values as specified by the CERCHAR test
following ASTM D7625 led to the classification of the abrasivity of rock samples
used: Basalt as very abrasive, Granite and Sandstone as medium abrasive,
Limestone and Dolomite as slightly abrasive and Shale as not very abrasive.