What Is a Public Company?

A public company is a company that has issued securities through

an initial public offering (IPO) and trades its stock on at least one
stock exchange or over-the-counter market. Although a small
percentage of shares are initially floated to the public, daily
trading in the market determines the value of the entire company.

It is considered to be "public" since shareholders, who become

equity owners of the company, may be composed of anybody
who purchases stock in the firm.

Public Company Formation

Public companies are publicly traded within the open market, and
a variety of investors buy the shares. Most public companies were
once private companies that, after meeting all regulatory
requirements, opted to become public to raise capital. Examples
of public companies include Chevron Corporation, F5 Networks,
Inc., Google LLC, and Proctor & Gamble Company.

The US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) states that

any company in the United States with over 500 shareholders and
more than $10 million in assets must register with the SEC and
adhere to its reporting standards and regulations.

Public Company

From Public to Private

In situations where a public company no longer wishes to operate
within that business model, it can return to a privately held state
by buying back all outstanding shares from current shareholders.
Once the purchase is complete, the company will be delisted from
its associated stock exchanges and return to private operations.
Public limited company advantages
As a limited company, a plc shares the advantages of a limited company with its
private counterpart. But there are also specific features of a public limited company,
many of which reinforce one another, that give it some unique advantages:
1 Raising capital through public issue of shares
2 Widening the shareholder base and spreading risk
3 Other finance opportunities
4 Growth and expansion opportunities
5 Prestigious profile and confidence
6 Transferability of shares
7 Exit Strategy

Public limited company disadvantages

There are some important disadvantages of a public limited company, compared to a
private limited company. These public limited company disadvantages include:
1 More regulatory requirements
2 Higher levels of transparency required
3 Ownership and control issues
4 More vulnerable to takeovers
5 Short-termism
6 Initial financial commitment is higher

Steel Authority of India Ltd

Steel Authority of India Ltd was founded in the year 1954, headquartered in New Delhi.
It is offering a range of products steel, flat steel products, wire products, long steel
products, wheel & axle for Indian Railways, Plates

Working environment of SAIL depends on the job profile and department

you will get.
 1. It can be desk job / paper work if you are in HR, Finance ,
Marketing jobs for MTA and in Environment, E&ES, MSS , PPC,
R&C lab etc for MTTs.
2. In general case, Operation and Maintenance posts is given in field
area which has physical task and can have heat, dust , sound
depending upon the works department you get. (BF, SMS, Mill
Zone, singer Plant, Coke Ovens etc
3. Safety is always given the first priority, all Executives and Non-
executives are given required PPEs and safety training and care.
During the training , MTs are provided well equipped AC rooms (2 seaters )
with mess, garden , parking , etc facilities. Also initial few months travel to
the plant premises is also managed by SAIL .

Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) is an Indian state-owned steel making

company based in New Delhi, India. It is a public sector undertaking, owned and
operated by the Government of India with an annual turnover of INR 44,452 Crore
(US$6.83 Billion) for fiscal year 2016-17. Incorporated on 24 January 1973, SAIL has
72,004 employees (as of 01-May-2019). With an annual production of 14.38 million
metric tons, SAIL is the largest steel producer in India and one of the largest steel
producers in the world.[3] The Hot Metal production capacity of the company will further
increase and is expected to reach a level of 50 million tonnes per annum by 2025. [4] Sri
Anil Kumar Chaudhary is the current Chairman of SAIL.
SAIL operates and owns 5 integrated steel plants
at Bhilai, Rourkela, Durgapur, Bokaro and Burnpur(Asansol) and 3 special steel plants
at Salem, Durgapur and Bhadravathi. It also owns a Ferro Alloy plant at Chandrapur. As
a part of its global ambition, the company is undergoing a massive expansion and
modernisation programme involving upgrading and building new facilities with emphasis
on state of the art green technology. According to a recent survey, SAIL is one of India's
fastest growing Public Sector Units. Besides, it has R&D Centre for Iron & Steel
(RDCIS), Centre for Engineering in Ranchi, Jharkhand.[
Native name Hindustan Steel Limited

Type (Central Govt. Organisation)

Public Sector Undertakings in India

Traded as NSE: SAIL

BSE: 500113
LSE: SAUD

Industry Steel

Founded 19 January 1954; 65 years ago

Headquarters New Delhi

Key people Anil Kumar Chaudhary(Chairman)[1]

Products Steel, flat steel products, long steel

products, wire products, Wheel &
axle for indian railways, plates

Revenue ₹58,042.91 crore(US$8.4 billion)

(2018)[2]

Operating ₹-785.37
 income crore (US$−110 million) (2018)[2]

Net income ₹-481.24 crore (US$−70 million)

(2018)[2]

Total assets ₹106,539.47 crore(US$15 billion)

(2017)[2]

Number of 72,004 (as on 1 May 2019)

employees

Website www.sail.co.in

History
1959–1973
SAIL traces its origin to the Hindustan Steel Limited (HSL) which was set up on 19
January 1954. HSL was initially designed to manage only one plant that was coming up
at Rourkela. Chaudhary
For Bhilai and Durgapur Steel Plants, the preliminary work was done by the Iron and
Steel Ministry. From April 1957, the supervision and control of these two steel plants
were also transferred to Hindustan Steel. The registered office was originally in New
Delhi. It moved to Calcutta in July 1956, and ultimately to Ranchi in December 1959.
A new steel company, Bokaro Steel Limited (Bokaro Steel Plant), was incorporated on
29 January 1964 [6][7] to construct and operate the steel plant at Bokaro. The 1 MT
phases of Bhilai and Rourkela Steel Plants were completed by the end of December
1961. The 1 MT phase of Durgapur Steel Plant was completed in January 1962 after
commissioning of the Wheel and Axle plant. The crude steel production of HSL went up
from 1.58 MT (1959–60) to 1.6 MT. The second phase of Bhilai Steel Plant was
completed in September 1967 after commissioning of the Wire Rod Mill. The last unit of
the 1.8 MT phase of Rourkela – the Tandem Mill – was commissioned in February
1968, and the 1.6 MT stage of Durgapur Steel Plant was completed in August 1969
after commissioning of the Furnace in SMS. Thus, with the completion of the 2.5 MT
stage at Bhilai, 1.8 MT at Rourkela and 1.6 MT at Durgapur, the total crude steel
production capacity of HSL was raised to 3.7 MT in 1968–69 and subsequently to 4 MT
in 1972–73.[8] IISCO was taken over as a subsidiary in 1978 and later merged in 2006.
Major Units[edit]

SAIL Integrated Steel Plants

Durgapur Steel plant

1. Rourkela Steel Plant (RSP) in Odisha set up with

German collaboration (The first integrated
steel plant in the Public Sector in India, 1959)
2. Bhilai Steel Plant (BSP) in Chhattisgarh set up
with Soviet collaboration (1959)
3. Durgapur Steel Plant (DSP) at Durgapur, West
Bengal set up with British collaboration (1965)
4. Bokaro Steel Plant (BSL) in Jharkhand (1965) set
up with Soviet collaboration (The Plant is hailed
as the country's first Swadeshi steel plant, built
with maximum indigenous content in terms of
equipment, material and know-how)
5. IISCO Steel Plant (ISP) at Burnpur in Asansol, West
Bengal (Plant equipped with Largest Blast
Furnace of country, Modernized in 2015 with
investment of 16000 crore which will yield total
production of 2.9 Million Ton annually )[9]

Special Steel Plants

 1. Alloy Steel Plant (ASP), Durgapur, West Bengal
2. Salem Steel
Plant (SSP), Maramangalathupatti, Salem
3. Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Limited (VISL),
at Bhadravathi, Karnataka
Ferro Alloy Plant

1. Chandrapur Ferro Alloy Plant (CFP)

in Maharashtra
Refractory Plants - SAIL Refractory Unit (SRU)

1. SAIL Refractory Unit, Bhandaridah in Jharkhand

2. SAIL Refractory Unit, Bhilai in Chhattisgarh
3. SAIL Refractory Unit, IFICO, Ramgarh in Jharkhand
4. SAIL Refractory Unit, Ranchi Road in Jharkhand
Central Units[edit]

1. Centre for Engineering and Technology

2. Research and Development Centre for Iron and Steel
3. SAIL Consultancy Organisation[10]
4. Environment Management Division [11]

Ownership and management[edit]

The Government of India owns about 75% of SAIL's equity and retains voting control of
the company. However, SAIL, by virtue of its Maharatna status, enjoys significant
operational and financial autonomy.
Mr. Anil Kumar Chaudhary is the current chairman.[20] He succeeded Shri Saraswati
Prasad.
 Operations[edit]
As of 31 March 2015, SAIL has 93,352 employees, as compared to 170,368 (as of 31
March 2002). There has been a continuous reduction of headcount over the past few
years due to enhanced productivity and rationalised manpower.[2]
The total requirement of its main raw material, iron ore, is met through its captive mines.
To meet its growing requirement, capacities of existing iron ore mines are being
expanded and new iron ore mines are being developed. In addition, new iron ore
deposits in the states of Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha and Karnataka are being explored. Around 24% of its
coking coal requirements are met from domestic sources, the remaining through
imports. For improving coking coal security, the company is also making efforts for
development of new coking coal blocks at Tasra and Sitanalla.[21]
SAIL produced 13.9 million tonnes of crude steel by operating at 103% of its installed
capacity, which is an increase of 1% over the previous year. It also generated 710 MW
of electricity during FY2014-15.[2]

Achievements[edit]
Achievements of SAIL
Everybody has recognized the performance of SAIL, including stakeholders, financial institutions, rating
agencies and industry bodies. This has helped them win several awards in different fields across all financial
years.

The major awards in 2008-09 were –

 The highest number of Vishwakarma Award 2007 among both public and private sectors has been bagged by
SAIL employees: out of 28 awards, 15 awards went to the SAIL employees (54%).

 25 SAIL employees have received the Prime Minister's Shram Awards 2006 (that comprises 42% of total
awards in India).

Future Plans[edit]
SAIL, is in the process of modernising and expanding its production units, raw material
resources and other facilities to maintain its dominant position in the Indian steel
market. The aim is to increase the production capacity from the base level production of
14.6 MT per annum (2006–07) to 26.2 MT per annum of Hot Metal.
The following table shows the increased production of various items prior to and post
expansion.[26]

On 25 May 2012, Steel Authority of India Limited entered into a Memorandum of

Understanding with the Government of West Bengal and Burn Standard Company Ltd.
for setting up of a Railway Wagon factory of approximately ₹210 crore (US$30 million).
This project will create an approximate 75,300 jobs. [18][19][27]
The company also looking to establish one full capacity integrated plant in Andhra
Pradesh or Telangana and surveying the possibilities to set up the plant. The plant,
which was proposed to be the first steel plant of such scale in the state, was estimated
to get an investment of Rs. 4,400 crore.