TOPIC: DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

 (tanh u) = sech2 u
Algebraic Functions
 (coth u) = -csch2 u
 (c) = 0

 (sech u) = -sech u tanh u

 (cu) = c

 (csch u) = -csch u coth u

 =u +v
Slopes of the Curve( y = f(x) )
 =  Slope at any point of = y’ =
Rate of Change
 (un) = n un-1  The derivative of the function is
Logarithmic & Exponential Functions identical to its rate of change

 (ln u) =

 (loga u) =
 = V = velocity
 (eu) = eu
 = = a = acceleration
 (au) = au lna
Curvature and Radius of Curvature
Trigonometric Functions
 k=
 (sin u) = cos u

 (cos u) = -sin u  R = 1/k =

Graph of a function y = f(x)
 (tan u) = sec2 u  if y’ = 0 and y” is negative, the point
is a maximum point ( concave
 (cot u) = -csc2 u downward)
 if y’ = 0 and y” is positive, the point
 (sec u) = sec u tan u is a minimum point ( concave
upward)
 (csc u) = -csc u cot u  a point of inflection is a point at
which the curve changes from
Hyperbolic Functions concave upward to concave
downward and vise-versa
 (sinh u) = cosh u  at point of inflection y” = 0
Steps in Solving Maxima Minima Problems
 (cosh u) = sinh u 1. Identify the variable to be maximize
or minimize, say area A.
 2. Express this variable in terms of
other relevant variable(s),say A =
f(x,y)
3. If the function shall consist of more
than one variable, express it in terms
of one variable (if possible) using the
conditions in the problem, say A =
f(x)
4. Differentiate and equate to zero,
dA/dx = 0
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:

11. Find the tangent line to the parabola x2 – 6y = 10

1. Evaluate: through (3, 5).
a.2 b. 1/5 a.x – y = -2 b. 3x – 2y = 11
c. 4 d. 5 c. 2x – y = 9 d. x – y = 4
12. Divide 120 into two parts so that the product of
2. Evaluate: one and the square of the other is maximum. Find
the numbers,
a.2 b. 1/5 a. 60, 60 b. 100,20
c. 4 d. 5 c. 70,50 d. 80,40
3. What is the slope of the curve x2 + y2 – 6x – 10y 13. The shortest distance from the point (5, 10) to the
+ 5 = 0 at (1,0). curve x2 = 12y is:
a.2/5 b. 5/2 a.4.331 b. 5.127
c. -2/5 d. -5/2 c. 7.512 d. 3.431
4. Find the maximum point of the curve y = x3 14. A boat is at A which is 4.5 km from the nearest
– 3x2 – 9x + 5 point B on a straight shore BM. He wishes to
a.(1, 15) b. ( -1,10 ) reach, in minimum time, a point C situated from
c. (3, -22) d. (-3, 21) the shore 9 km from B. how far from C should he
landed if he can row at the rate of 6kph and walk
5. Find the curvature of he curve : y = x3/3 at x = 1 at the rate of 7.5 kph?
a.2 km b. 3 km
a.1/ b.
c. 4 km d. 5 km
c. 2 d. ½ 15. The altitude of a cylinder of maximum volume
6. Find the point of inflection of the curve y = 3x4 – that can be inscribed in a right circular cone of
8x3 + 6x2 radius r and height h is:
a.(1/4, 1/2) b. ( ½, 11/24 ) a.h/3 b. 2h/3
c. (1/5, 1/8) d. (1/3, 11/27) c. 3h/2 d. h/4
7. Find the perimeter of the largest rectangle that 16. A box is to be constructed from a piece of zinc 20
can be inscribed in x/400 + y/16 = 1. inches square by cutting equal square from each
a.530 b. 265 corner and turning up the zinc to form the side.
c. 375 d. 416 What is the volume of the largest box that can be
8. A kite with a height of 100 ft flying at 10 ft/sec so constructed?
horizontally. Find the rate of the angle with a.592.59 cu.in b. 29.592 cu. in
respect to horizontal when the string is 300 ft. c. 959.25 cu. in d. 529.92 cu.in
a.-1/70 rad/sec b.-1/90 rad/sec. 17. A car starting at 12:00 noon travels west at the
c. .-1/60 rad/sec d. .-1/80 rad/sec speed of 30 kph. Another car started at the same
9. A spherical snowball is melting in such a way point at 2:00 pm travels north at the speed of 45
that its surface area decreases at the rate of 1 kph. Find how fast the two are separating at 4:00
in2/min. How fast is the radius shrinking when it pm?
is 3 in. a.55 b. 53
a.1/24 pi rad/min b. 1/12pi rad/min c. 51 d. 57
c. 1/36 pi rad/min d. 1/6 pi rad/min 18. A balloon rising vertically over point A on a
10. Two particles have position at time t given by the ground at a rate of 15 fps. A point B on the
equations s1 = t3 – t , s2 = 6t2 – t2. Find their ground is level with and 30 ft from point A,
velocities when they have the same acceleration. When the balloon is 40 ft from A, at what rate is
a.2, 4 b. 2, 9 its distance from B changing.
c. 4,8 d. 4,9
 a.10 fps b. 12 fps a.5.91 b. 6.16
c. 13 fps d. 15 fps c. 5.81 d. 6.13
19. The height of a circular cylinder is 50 in. and 3.A rectangle is inscribed in a parabola, y = 12 – x2, the
decreases at the rate of 4 in/sec, while the radius base lying on the x-axis. The upper two vertices touches the
at the base is 20 in and increases at a rate of 1 parabola. What is the maximum area of the rectangle?
in/sec. At what rate is the volume changing. a.18 b. 32
a.2571 b. 7512 c. 16 d. 24
c. 5721 d. 1257 4. A right circular cylinder is inscribed in a right circular
20. Water is pouring into a swimming pool. After t cone of radius, r. Find the radius R of the cylinder if its
hours there are t + t1/2 gallons in the pool. At what lateral area is a maximum?
rate is the water pouring into the pool when t = 9 a. R = r/3 b. R = 2r/3
hours. c. R = 3r/2 d. R = r/2
a.7/6 gph b. 6/7 gph 5. The position of the particle in inches along the x-axis is
c. 5/6 gph d. 6/5 gph given by the expression x (t) = 24t2 – t3 + 10. Determine the
21. Two post 10m and 15m high stands 30m apart. average velocity of the particle in inches per sec at t = 3sec.
They are to be stayed by a transmission wires a.63 b. 36
attached to a single stake at the level ground, the c. 72 d. 54
wires running to the top of the posts. Where 6. What number will be greater than its square by the
should the stake be place from the 10m pole to minimum?
used the least amount of wire. a.1/2 b. 1
a. 9 b. 10 c. 1/4 d. 1/3
c. 11 d. 12 7. A balloon vertically rising over a point A on a ground at
a rate of 10 m/s. Point B on level ground is 90 m from A.
22. Water is pouring into a conical cistern at a rate of
At what rate is the distance of the balloon from point B
8 m3/min. If the height of the inverted cone is
changing in m/s when the balloon is 40 m away from point
12m and radius of its circular opening is 6m.
A.
How fast is the water level rising when the water
a.30/901/2 b. 10/901/2
is 4m deep?
c. 20/901/2 d. 40/971/2
a. 0.46 b. 0.56
8. Determine the equation of the line through (3,4) which
c. 0.64 d.0.36
forms the positive x and y axes, the triangle with the least
area.
23. A cylindrical glass jar has a plastic top, if the a.4x + 5y = 32 b.3x + 4y = 25
plastic is half as expensive as glass per unit area, c. 4x + 3y = 24 d.2x +3y = 18
find the most economical proportions for the jar. 9. Find the y” of the parametric equation: x = t3 + 1; y = t2 +
a.h = 3/2 r b. h = 2/3 r 1
c. h = 1/3 r d. h = ½ r a.2/3 t b. -3/4 t2
24. A rectangular field of given area is to be fenced c.-2/9 t 4
d. – 1/3 t
off along the bank of a river. If no fence is 10. Find the area of the largest square that can be inscribe
needed along the river, what is the shape of the in the triangle with legs 20 and 30 cm
rectangle requiring the least amount of fencing. a.100 b. 144
a. x = 5y b. x = 4y c.169 d. 121
c. x = 3y d. x = 2y 11. Find the minimum volume of a right circular cylinder
25. Victory liner agrees to transport 100 people or that can be inscribed in a sphere having a radius r.
less from station A to station B for P15 each a.1/31/2 b. 2/31/2
passenger. It was furthered agreed that is there c. 31/2 d. 4/31/2
are more than 100 passengers, Victory liner will 12. What is the allowable error in measuring the edge of a
reduce the fair for every passenger by P0.10 in cube that is intended to hold 8 cu. m of water, if the error of
excess of 100 passenger. What number of the computed volume is not to exceed 0.03 cu. m
passengers will produce the maximum revenue a.0.0025 b. 0.0052
for the bus company. c.0.0035 d. 0.0053
a. 100 b. 115 13. Determine the diameter of the closed cylinder tank
c. 120 d. 125 having a volume of 11.3 m3 to obtain a minimum surface
SUPPLEMENTARY PROBLEMS: area.
a.2.44 b. 3.44
1 .Find the point on the graph of y = x2 + 1 that is closest to c. 1.44 d. 4.34
the point (3, 1) 14. Water flows into conical vessel 15 cm deep and having
a.(1, 3) b. (2, 10) a radius of 3.75 cm across the top. If the rate which the
c. (1, 2) d. (1, 4) water level rises is 2 cm/sec, how fast is the water flowing
2.Find the shortest distance from the point (1, 2) to the into the conical vessel when the water is 4 cm deep.
point on the circumference of the circle x^2 + y^2 +10x + a.6.28 m3/sec b. 2.82 m3/sec
6y =-30 3
c. 6.82 m /sec d. 2.28m3/sec
15. A poster is to contain 300 m2 of printed matter with 18. Find the largest area of a rectangle which can be
margins of 10 cm at the top and 5 cm at each side. Find the inscribed in an ellipse, 4x2 + 9y2 = 36
overall dimensions if the total surface area of the surface is a.12 b. 24
a minimum. c. 15 d. 30
a.22.24 x 44.5 cm b. 22.24 x 45.4 cm 19. Find the point in the parabola y2 = 4x at which the rate
c. 24.22 x 44.5 cm d. 24.22 x 45.4 cm change of the ordinate and abscissa are equal.
16. An isosceles triangle with equal side of 20 cm has three a.(1,2) b. (2,1)
sides at variables equal angles with the base. Determine the c.(-1,2) d. (2,-1)
maximum area by the triangle. 20. A baseball diamond is a square whose sides are 90 ft
a.200 b. 250 long. If the batter runs at the first base at the rate of 20 fps,
c. 300 d. 150 how fast is his distance from second base changing when
17. A fencing is limited to 20 ft in length. What is the he has run 50 ft?
a. -80/971/2 b. -10/901/2 c. -20/971/2
maximum rectangle area that can be fence using two
d. -90/971/
perpendicular corner sides of an existing wall?
a.100 b. 150
c. 200 d. 250