Supplementary Problems Solutions 1 1 1

+ =
2.36 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ 𝑞 0.397 𝑓𝑡 × 12 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ
31. Determine the focal length of the converging 1 𝑓𝑡
lens which will project the image of a lamp, 𝑞 = −4.677 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ
magnified 3 times, upon a screen 16 cm from the 𝑞 4.677
lamp. 𝑀=− =− − = 1.98
𝑝 2.36
16 cm 34. Estimate the distance for which a 30-cd lamp
provide the same illumination as a standard lamp of
80-cd placed 17 ft from the screen?

30 cd 80 cd

𝑓(+) → 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑞(+) → 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 17 ft
𝑞
𝑀 = −3 = −
𝑝 𝜙
𝑝 + 𝑞 = 16 𝐸=
𝑞 𝐴
+ 𝑞 = 16 𝐸1 = 𝐸2
3 𝜙 = 4𝜋𝐼
𝑞 = 12 4𝜋𝐼 𝐼
1 1 1 𝐸= 2
= 2
+ = 4𝜋𝑟 𝑟
4 12 𝑓 𝐼1 𝐼2
𝑓 = 3 𝑐𝑚 =
𝑟12 𝑟22
30 80
32. A plano-convex lens has a focal length of 35 cm =
𝑥 2 172
and an index of refraction of 1.53. Find the radius of 𝑥 = 10.41 𝑓𝑡
the convex surface.
35. How much should a 75-W be lowered to double
1 1 1 the illumination on an object which is 75 cm
= (𝑛 − 1) ( + )
𝑓 𝑅1 𝑅2 directly under it?
𝑅1 (+) → 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑥
𝑅2 = ∞ → 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒
1 1 1
= (1.53 − 1) ( + )
35 𝑅1 ∞
𝑅1 = 18.55 𝑐𝑚

33. A magnifying glass has a lens with an index of

refraction 5.4 and radii of curvature of 2.95 feet and
4.27 feet for the two faces. What is the
magnification of the lens when it is held 2.36 inches
from an object being viewed?

𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 → 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑥 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑠

𝑅1 & 𝑅2 → 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
1 1 1
= (5.4 − 1) ( + )
𝑓 2.95 4.27
𝑓 = 0.397 𝑓𝑡(+)
1 1 1
+ =
𝑝 𝑞 𝑓 36. In a certain room, one person that is talking
has an approximate average sound level of 40 dB.
2.36 inches Assuming that each person speaks the same level as
did the single, what will be the sound level when 20
people speak simultaneously?

𝐼𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 20𝐼𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ
𝐼𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ
𝑑𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ = 40 𝑑𝐵 = 10 log
𝐼𝑜
 𝑊 𝑚
𝐼𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ = 1 × 10−8 2 𝑣 = 316.23
𝑚 𝑠
𝐼𝑎𝑙𝑙
𝑑𝐵𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 10 log 44. A surfer floats on quiet water (n=1.33) waiting
𝐼𝑜
20(1 × 10−8 ) for a big wave. A shark swims toward him at a
𝑑𝐵𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 10 log depth of 4 m. How close (horizontally) can the
1 × 10−12
𝑑𝐵𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 53.01 𝑑𝐵 shark approach before the surfer can spot him? The
surfer is lying on his board with his eyes close to
37. What is the rest energy of electron equivalent to water level.
its rest mass? Note: 1Mev = 1.60 x 10-13 J and mass
of electron is 9.11 x 10-31 kg.
𝐸 = 𝑚𝑐 2
1 𝑀𝑒𝑉
𝐸 = (9.11 × 10−31 )(3 × 108 )2 𝐽 ×
1.6 × 10−13 𝐽
𝐸 = 0.512 𝑀𝑒𝑉
sin 𝜃1 𝑛2
38. What is the highest frequency present in the =
sin 𝜃2 𝑛1
radiation from X-ray machine operating at a sin 90 1.33
potential of 50 kV? 𝑥 =
1
√𝑥 2 + 42
𝐸 = 𝑄𝑉 𝑥 = 4.56 𝑚
𝐸= (1.6 × 10−19 𝐶)(50 × 103 𝑉)
𝐸 = 80 × 10−16 𝐽 45. What is the de Broglie wavelength of an
𝐸 = ℎ𝑓 electron with a kinetic energy of 1 eV?
80 × 10−16 = ℎ(𝑓) ℎ
𝑓 = 1.2 × 1019 𝐻𝑧 𝜆=
𝑚𝑣
1
40. What is the relative intensity level of sound in 𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 2
2
decibel if its intensity is 3 x 10-7 W/cm2? 1.6 × 10−19 𝐽 1
1 𝑒𝑉 × = (𝑚𝑒 )(𝑣 2 )
1 𝑒𝑉 2
𝐼 𝑚
𝑑𝐵 = 10 log 𝑣 = 592693.95
𝐼𝑜 𝑠
𝑊 10 𝑐𝑚 2 ℎ
3 × 10−7 × ( 𝜆=
𝑐𝑚2 1𝑚 ) 𝑚𝑒 𝑣
𝑑𝐵 = 10 log
1 × 10−12 2
𝑊 𝜆 = 1.23 × 10−9 𝑚
𝑚
𝑑𝐵 = 74.77 𝑑𝐵 46. The electron emitted from a hot filament are
accelerated in an electric field until their velocity is
41. A light ray is incident at an angle of 45º on one 5 x 109 cm/s. Find the wavelength of the electrons
side of a glass plate of index of refraction 1.6. Find
the angle at which the ray emerges from the other ℎ
side of the plate. 𝜆=
𝑚𝑣
ℎ
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑎𝑖𝑟 (𝑛1 = 1) 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 (𝑛2 = 1.6) 𝜆= 𝑚
sin 𝜃1 𝑛2 𝑚𝑒 (5 × 109 × 10−2 𝑠 )
= 𝜆 = 14.55 × 10−12 𝑚
sin 𝜃2 𝑛1
sin(45) 1.6
= 47. The radius of curvature of a convex spherical
sin 𝜃2 1
𝜃2 = 26.23° mirror is 48 cm. What are the focal length and focal
type?
42. A steel wire 2 meters long has a mass of 20
𝑅 48
grams and is stretched with a tension of 1000 𝑓= = = 24 𝑐𝑚
newtons. What is the velocity of propagation of a 2 2
transverse wave in the wire?
48. When driven by a 120 Hz vibrator, a string has
𝑚
𝑇 1000 𝑘𝑔 2 transverse waves of 31 cm wavelength traveling
𝑠
𝑣=√ =√ along it. If the tension is 1.20 N, what is the mass of
𝜌𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 20 × 10−3 𝑘𝑔
2𝑚 50 cm of the string?
𝑣 = 𝜆𝑓
𝑣 = (31 × 10−2 )(120)
 𝑚
𝑣 = 37.2
𝑠
1.2
37.2 = √ 𝑚
50 × 10−2
𝑚 = 0.43 𝑔

49. A wire under tension vibrates with a

fundamental frequency of 256 Hz. What would be
the fundamental frequency if the wire were half as
long, twice as thick, and under one-fourth the
tension?
𝑛𝑣
𝑓=
2𝐿
𝑣
𝑓∝
𝐿
𝑓2 𝑣2 𝐿1
=
𝑓1 𝐿2 𝑣1
𝑇
𝑣 = √𝑚
𝐿
1
𝑇2 = 𝑇1
4
𝑚2 = 2𝑚1
1
𝐿2 = 𝐿1
2
1
𝑇1 𝑇1
𝑣2 = 4 = 0.25√ 𝑚 = 0.25𝑣1
√ 2𝑚1 1
1 𝐿1
2 𝐿1
𝑓2 𝑣2 𝐿1
=
𝑓1 𝐿2 𝑣1
𝑓2 0.25𝑣1 𝐿1
=
256 1 𝑣1
2 𝐿1
𝑓2 = 128 𝐻𝑧

50. At what speed must a particle move in order to

double its mass?
𝑚0
𝑚=
2
√1 − (𝑉 )
𝑐
𝑚 = 2𝑚0
𝑚0
2𝑚0 =
2
√1 − (𝑣)
𝑐
𝑣 = 0.866𝑐
𝑚
𝑣 = 2.6 × 108
𝑠