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Jan Allen Gomez Hospital Thesis PDF
Jan Allen Gomez Hospital Thesis PDF
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In Partial Fulfillment
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Presented by:
Adviser
CHAPTER I
I.1.1 Introduction
Health facilities are important components of the health care system. The
national government has been aiming for the provision of essential health services that
are accessible, affordable and equitable. Despite the progress cited by the national
government, the country’s public healthcare system is marred with problems. The lack
of health personnel, the absence of adequate facilities, and the remaining barriers for
the poor to access health care are just some of these problems.
Hospitals play a very big role in society’s economic and social well-being. Their
healing and rehabilitative functions empower them to bring back a person’s productivity
in society. It is very important that the hospital carry out its mission of healing
successfully. Hospitals are designed to not only support and aid safety of patients,
advanced medicine and technology, and quality patient care, but also envelope the
patient, family, and caregivers in a psycho-socially supportive therapeutic environment.
The characteristic of the physical environment in which a patient receives care affects
patient outcomes, patient satisfaction, patient safety, staff efficiency, staff satisfaction,
and organizational outcomes. The effects can be positive or negative. No environment
is neutral.
Facility designers and health care providers are recognizing the effect of the
physical environment on patient outcomes. Some studies have shown that a facility’s
design can influence the rate of nosocomial infections, errors in patient care, and the
cost associated with treating a given condition. Architects and interior designers who
work with hospitals are becoming increasingly aware of this growing body of evidence
and are taking it into account in their work.
I.1.2 Statement of the Problem:
• Design and plan the facilities of the Ospital ng Tagaytay that will meet the
new requirements of the Department of Health classification of hospitals in
terms of services offered and capacity to handle patients
• The research aims to explore new solutions in designing and planning
architectural spaces with the therapeutic effects to the patients.
I.1.4 Objectives:
• Determine the present and future needs and capacity of the hospital with
regards to the population of the city
• Design and plan the hospital that meets the DOH classification by
incorporating spaces to the services added by the hospital to meet the
requirements.
• Planning the hospital on the premise of new circulation due to the therapeutic
based design of the facilities.
The scope of the research shall be with the bounds of the design of the hospital
and integrating therapeutic environments in the planning and designing of the facilities.
The scope of the study shall also explore new architectural designs, planning of spaces
and study of behavioral circulation of the users in the hospital.
The assessment of the study was limited to 5 years of secondary data. The
limitations of this research are the available applicable designs and technology available
to aid in the healing process. The research is limited to architectural solutions of
integrating therapeutic environments in the design of the hospital. It aims to create and
enhance the design of spaces for therapeutic environments and not meddle with
management and procedural processes in the hospital.
I.1.7 Assumptions
PROPOSED REDEVELOPMENT OF
OSPITAL NG TAGAYTAY: CREATING
THERAPEUTIC ENVIRONMENTS
THROUGH INNOVATIVE HOSPITAL
DESIGN
PROBLEM ANALYSIS
METHODOLOGIES
FORMULATION OF ARCHITECTURAL
SOLUTION
CONCLUSION
I.1.9 Definition of terms
In a press briefing, Health Secretary Enrique T Ona told reporters the agreement
allows hospitals to beef up their facilities and comply with the DOH's new rules on
hospital classification based on Administrative Order No. 2012-0012."The AO will apply
immediately to new hospitals. For those that are already existing, especially those
without operating rooms, they will be given a maximum of 3 years, but I'm sure most of
them will be able to do it in a year or a year and a half," Ona said. Ona said half of the
estimated Level 1 hospitals under the old ruling need to spend some P10 to P15 million
to put up a decent operating room. This would put them under Level 1 category in the
new classification.
He said that as of 2011, there are a total of 733 government hospitals and 1,088
private hospitals. Presently classified as Level 1 are 771 facilities composed of 372
public hospitals and 399 private hospitals.
The health secretary said he's confident that after 3 years or earlier, more than
half of these Level 1 hospitals would be able to retain their classifications under the new
rules.
"As I said, we are agreeable to those terms because before, our request to
Secretary Ona was that only new hospitals [ought to] be covered by the AO. If you read
the AO, there was no mention of 3 years. After that, Secretary Ona released the 3 years
so I think we are agreeable to that," Jimenez said.
He also expressed the hope that DOH help the PHAP and the Philippine Hospital
Association (PHA) stay as members of the board of PhilHealth. Some lawmakers are
pushing for the removal of the two organizations from the board of PhilHealth on
grounds that their membership creates a conflict-of-interest situation.
surgery room
isolation
dental clinics
blood station
a pharmacy
a respiratory unit
high pregnancy risk unit
In the late 1960’s, when John Portman designed the first Hyatt Regency in
Atlanta, hotels could no longer just landscape their porches and walkways. The
outdoors has been invited indoors almost five decades, with inside offices having
windows and skylights that offer daylight and the hour-to-hour changes in natural light.
By virtue of market pressures to mimic the hospitality industry, and with the emergence
of models of care such as the Eden Alternative for elders, attention to the natural
environment has become a standard of design for care environments. Newer facilities
have gardens, some designed to be actively therapeutic while others to be only
aesthetically pleasing. Some have walkways and security for those residents who may
wander. Other gardens are only to be viewed from outside. What is meaningful and
functional for a long-term care resident who is living in a building is quite different from
an overnight visitor of the acute care patient.
Questions to consider:
1. How does landscape architecture serve the clinical objectives that drive a healthcare
organization?
3. What kind of research would bring to the fore the greater depth offered by landscape
architects to better inform budgetary decisions regarding nature and recovery?
This is the time to tackle these issues, as the values of healthcare organizations
and the inherent stresses placed on patients and staff demand more attention to
humane care. The beauty of nature, by its very character, is therapeutic. Human pain
and suffering can be eased with views that are inherently hopeful, are readily
accessible, offer enough complexity to engage the mind and spirit, and are appropriate
to the needs of the moment. Bringing clarity and skill to how this can be accomplished is
the challenge in front of each of us who works in this field.
In using different methods in the research we can gather different types of data
that can give multiple views of analyzing the research better. Case studies as a method
of obtaining data from the existing site are used by making a detailed study of the
facilities. Different methods of obtaining information like observation and interviews and
consulting with knowledgeable people are used to gain insights on the problems.
“Reflects both the philosophies of ‘family-centered care’ and the teachings of Carl
Sagan, stressing our connection to the larger whole of the universe and making the
hospital a place where the journey is not only towards healing, but also knowledge.
Throughout the hospital, the child is the centerpiece and driving force behind the
design. The concepts of journey and connection are explored on each floor using
different themes and depicted through numerous art installations. Local and nationally
known artists were handpicked to develop each floor’s pieces around a specific idea
geared either to the developmental level or illness treated on that floor.”
OSPITAL NG TAGAYTAY
Ospital ng Tagaytay was inaugurated on
April 25, 1997 and was opened publicly on
May 4, 1997. It was dedicated to the people
of Tagaytay as well as nearby communities
to provide primary care as well. The planned
city health center and a lying in clinic was
converted into a hospital and is now the
Ospital ng Tagayaty located at Bacolod St.
Kaybagal South, Tagaytay City, Cavite.
The front grounds of the hospital also serve as the areas for parking for
the visitors. Other parking areas are on the perimeter side of the compound which is not
safe for parked cars.Other parking areas are located on the sideIn emergency cases in
the hospital need to have clear and free from obstruction emergency bays.
IN-PATIENT:
Laboratory
Private
In Emergency and other Admission Cashier Out
Room/Ward
Tests
IN-PATIENT:
Laboratory
Doctors Private
In and other Admission Cashier Out
Clinic Room/Ward
Tests
OUT-PATIENT:
Out patient
department/ Laboratory and
In Cashier Pharmacy Out
other Tests
Doctors Clinic
PATIENTS COMPANY:
Patients Nurse
In Pharmacy Out
Room/ Ward Station
DOCTOR/CONSULTANTS:
NURSE:
Nurse Patients
In Staff Area Out
Station Room/ Ward
Authorized Patients
In Staff Area Out
Station areas Room/ Ward
I.3.5 Research Instrument: Observation
This technique is used when the data is not adequate through the use of
interview and some other method. Observation used direct means of identifying the
current facility of the hospital, the direct means of observation means of studied the
flow, movement of the people in the facility, the use of the spaces and identifying what
is in the facility. To complete this instrument a Site visit is performed to the potential
research area. We identified the interesting and problematic areas and document the
problem for analysis, and taking it to account, the users and proponents of the area
which is the government and the public.
Ospital ng Tagaytay was inaugurated on April 25, 1997 by former President Fidel
V. Ramos and Atty. Francis N. Tolentino, former City Mayor. This was opened publicly
on May 4, 1997. It was dedicated to the people of Tagaytay as well as nearby
communities to provide primary care as well. The planned city health center and a lying
in clinic was converted into a hospital and is now the Ospital ng Tagayaty located at
Bacolod St. Kaybagal South, Tagaytay City, Cavite. The hospital has the old and new
wards, which houses different sections. Open for 24 hours, it has the strength of 99
competent and well trained staff and consultants. The hospitals commitment is to deliver
affordable, accessible and informative quality health care to their patients, regardless of
sex, nationality, religion, political, affiliation and economic status. They have a vision of
commited patient-oriented comprehensive health care program through pro-active,
effective and humane hospital services.
• Emergency Room
• Labor
• Delivery room
• Eye clinic
The Local Government Code of the Philippines:
POPULATION:
HOSPITALS:
Local Government Unit- Tagaytay City
CHAPTER 4
In this chapter we summarize and analyze the gathered information during the
research methodology phase of the paper. In using the different methodologies to
gather different information about the site and its facilities we are able to systematize
the datas for better anlysis. This chapter will tackles these datas and presentation them
in order to get a picture and further understand the collected information.
The presentations of data through graphical methods and figures are done in this
study so that the proponent can understand the problem and easily understand the
problem in this study so that the proponent can easily discuss the gathered information.
Hospital Unmet Bed Need
*Based on 2010 Census the projected unmet beds based on the population is 62 beds
In computing for the possible increase of bed capacity of the Ospital ng Tagaytay
we shall base it through the Department of Health ratio of bed to population which is
1:1000. Using the 2010 census we computed for the primary catchment area in which
the hospital is located and the secondary catchment area which have access or is
contiguous to the primary catchment area. Following the computation process stipulated
by the Department of Health we were able to come up of the projected unmet beds for
future expansion of bed capacity which is 62 beds. If the Ospital ng Tagaytay shall
increase its bed capacity based on the data they are allowed to add up to 62 beds.
I.4.2 RESLUTS: INTERVIEW
Ospital ng Tagaytay was originally a city health center and lying in clinic but was
converted to an infirmary hospital. In 2012 the Department of Health (DOH) and
representatives from private hospitals have reached a compromise that will give
healthcare facilities a maximum of 3 years to comply with the government's hospital
reclassification scheme. This agreement allows hospitals to beef up their facilities and
comply with the DOH's new rules on hospital classification based on Administrative
Order No. 2012-0012.
Transferred Patients 76
Total 110
These 2013 statistics show the different cases leading up to the morbidity and
mortality of patients in the Ospital ng Tagaytay and the Tagaytay City Health office. The
cases in terms of morbidity and mortality show that the limitations to what the current
level of service the hospital can provide in terms of the treating these cases. Some
diseases need other types of services and facilities that clearly with the present line up
of services and facilities the hospital does not have.
The site of the hospital is located along the Crisanto M. Delos Reyes
avenue traversing the Mahogany avenue and Tagaytay-Nasugbu
highway.
Exterior design
The problem with the building’s design is that it doesn’t give an impression
that it’s a hospital facility. Other than the sign that says it’s a hospital it
doesn’t convey its purpose to the patients that it’s a building of therapeutic
design.
Interior design
Although the hospital meets the minimum requirements for hospital
facilities, the hospital could have exerted an effort in making the interior
design more therapeutic environment for the patients.
Toilet facilities
The number of toilet facilities are not suitable to the amount of users in the
building. Some of the toilets are already dilapidated and in need of
replacement.
The hospital is not friendly to persons with disabilities
The facilities of the hospital lack appropriations for persons with disabilities
such as ramps and toilet facilities for PWD’s
No other ramps
The main ramp to the second floor is the only access for transporting
patients. The problem is it crosses paths with the out patient department
and the main lobby that when an unfortunate death of a patient occurs
other patients and visitors will be able to see the body being taken out.
Fire safety code violations
There are a number of violations in the fire safety code that the design of
the hospital didn’t follow and poses a risk in the lives of the people inside
the building
Space allocation and planning
The spaces of the building are not designed for expansion and that when
the administrators plan to add other services to the hospital their only
option is to make a makeshift facility outside of the building.
Lack of landscapes
The exterior of the building lack is landscapes which can help in the
appearance of the building. The only positive space in the hospital which
is the interior garden is not properly landscape.
Lack of lighting
Some areas of the hospital are very dark when natural lighting does not
reach those areas.
Unnecessary noise
The sound minimization or sound proofing in the hospital is not evident in
the areas and it contributes to the unnecessary noise especially when
there are many patients especially children.
In adequate storage spaces
There is a need for more storage spaces especially in hospital materials
and equipment. In some pictures the hospital equipment’s such as oxygen
tanks are stored along corridor which can pose a risk to the visitors.
Hazardous waste storage facility
The hospital doesn’t have any space in the compound for hazardous
waste materials. The wastes were only stored on an open area at the back
of the hospital without any coverings to prevent contamination.
I.4.3.3 Analysis of opportunities for the facilities:
Due to the growing population in the city of Tagaytay and the adjacent
municipalities there is a foreseen growth in terms of patients in the future.
The Ospital ng Tagaytay is the only public hospital in Tagaytay city and nearby
municipalities which gives it a potential for accepting indigent up to middle class
citizens.
There is a good potential for introducing new facilities adapting with technology
for their convenience.
The hospital is located in Tagaytay city which very well known for its good
climate all year round.
The hospital has a potential to add more beds with the current inventory of beds
of all hospitals there is still an opportunity of growth to increase the bed to
population ratio.
Given the climate and environment of the area there is an opportunity to make
the hospital a more therapeutic environment for the patients.
The age of the hospital is very vulnerable to damages when typhoon Glenda
battered the hospital the roof was damaged and the hospital shut down and did
not accept new patients for almost 2 months. Some patients were transferred.
The current capacity of facilities of the hospital may be inadequate when the
surge of patients come in the near future.
Infections and contaminations of the patients is possible without proper
segregation and protection of their facilities.
Services not found on the current capacity of the hospital may affect its image to
the public as a provider of quality healthcare services.
I.4.4 Needs analysis:
The facts and figures given in the study is analyzed and gives the necessary
recommendations to what is needed by the facility to satisfy the goals and objectives of
this
Propose more spaces to add to the current capacity of handling services and
patients.
Propose new spaces for the new services of the hospital to make it a Level 2
hospital
Propose a new exterior and interior design of the hospital that can promote
therapeutic environments to the patients.
Propose new materials that can help further in the goals of the hospitals and
adapt better in the surrounding environment.
A better design of the facilities that is friendly to persons with disabilities.
Injects strategies in the appearance of the hospital to promote a therapeutic
environment.
Design the hospital to make it more adaptive to the current and future climate of
the area.
In this part of the study the proponent clearly identifies the problems of the
Ospital ng Tagaytay to give solutions and recommendations needed to the ailing
problems of the facility.
Based on the analysis of the gathered data, we determined the strength and
weaknesses of the hospital’s facilities. We identified the potential risks and
opportunities of the hospital to decide on what the hospital needs. The hospital
needs to increase its capacity to cater to more patients today and in the future. It
needs more capabilities in handling current cases of illnesses and be prepared for
the future. In its vision of providing committed patient oriented healthcare services
the proponents for the hospital is recommended to subject the Ospital ng Tagaytay
for redevelopment.
There is a good potential for adding more spaces for accommodation of bed
capacities for the growing number of patients in Tagaytay and the nearby areas.
Complying with the Department of Health standards of computing unmet bed
requirements there is still quite a number of beds still needed to suffice the needs of the
primary and secondary catchment populations.
The design of the new hospital must be based on the Level 2 hospital
classification of the Department of health to further enhance its capabilities for current
and potential diseases inherent in the area.
Part II. Research Focus
In this chapter the emphasis on the main focus of the research is stated
and explored to the redevelopment of the Ospital ng Tagaytay. Principles will be
slated on what is the best approach to the design and how its relevance to the target
market would affect the building.
II.1 Rationale
Healthcare architects, interior designers, and researchers have identified four key
factors which, if applied in the design of a healthcare environment, can measurably
improve patient outcomes:
There are two main reasons why hospitals are noisy. First, there are many
noise sources present, and, second, environmental surfaces in hospitals—walls,
floor, and ceiling—tend to be sound-reflecting rather than sound-absorbing.
Sounds contributing to the loud noise levels in hospitals come from mechanical
equipment in use—alarms, paging systems, telephones, computer printers, ice
machines, staff conversations, and noises generated by roommates and visitors.
Many studies have found that staff conversation in particular is a major source of
loud noises on the hospital unit. The presence of hard sound-reflecting surfaces
in the hospital tends to aggravate the noise problem in hospitals. Sound-
reflecting surfaces cause noise to propagate considerable distances, traveling
down corridors and into patient rooms, and adversely affecting patients and staff
over larger areas. Sound-reflecting surfaces typical of hospitals cause sounds to
echo, overlap, and linger or have long reverberation times Reverberation is the
persistence of sound in an enclosed space, resulting from multiple reflections
after a sound source has stopped. Extensive use of sound-absorbing material will
mean that the sound is absorbed and, thus, prevented from “building up”. When
acoustic conditions are characterized by long reverberation times, echoes will
cause blending and overlapping of sounds, resulting in reduced speech
intelligibility. To make themselves heard staff members then need to raise their
voices, thereby compounding the noise problem even further.
• Provide windows for access to natural daylight in patient rooms, along with
• Provide windows in staff break rooms so staff has access to natural light.
II.2.3 Principles: Artificial Lighting
This same sort of conflict is shown in entrance and reception areas. The
patient or visitor arrives wanting reassurance about the quality and care level of
the hospital.
It has been suggested that color has a therapeutic effect, although few
empirical observations exist. From daytime to night-time and through all seasons,
the colour of theinterior needs to be attractive and relaxing without being too
stark. The selection of colours for this area is not easy, as all colours will have to
be tested under the light sources installed or planned to be used in this sector of
the building. Some beige or neutral tones can take on very unattractive green or
orange hues under different types of lighting. What appears to be a very soft and
neutral decor by day can turn into an unpleasant colour at night.
Hospitals designs are not commonly known for pleasure mostly because
people visiting this type of building are seeking for medical treatment. Normally,
hospitals are very simple and minimalist in design, either: we think of over-lit and
sterile environments, with visual stimulation limited to small, wall-mounted
televisions.
However, a new generation of medical facilities is changing the face of the
hospital design. These places take a more holistic approach to healthcare – one
that takes the therapeutic environment into consideration. As a result, hospitals
are becoming more welcoming and diverse than those with which many are
familiar.
The design of the hospital must work with the environment that it is in.
Tagaytay is situated in a high area and the climate is appeling almost all year
long. Applying modern tropical architecture to take advantage of the climate in
the area could help both the hospital administrators and the patients in reaping
the benefits of the good weather in the area. Modern materials such as glass and
wall panels/cladding are a welcome addition to the exterior design of the hospital
as it offers a fresh look to the building. Using stainless or rust resistant materials
are recommended in the buildings materials because of Tagaytay’s cold climate.
By far the most effective way to reduce impact noise from above is to lay
carpet with thick padding underneath — the thicker, the better. This dissipates
the impact energy before it has a chance to enter the building structure as sound.
Carpeting gives superb results and often resolves the problem of impact noise.
You will also have the opportunity to choose materials that provide
additional mass, introducing a third soundproofing element that is especially
important if airborne noise (such as voices or music) is also a concern. (If your
existing subfloor is already substantially massive, such as a concrete slab,
adding additional mass will not accomplish much and won't be necessary.)
Reception Area – fixed downlights are used for general lighting. To guide
visitors to the reception area, accent lighting is used to illuminate the back wall,
whilst suspended luminaires are used for task lighting above the reception desk.
In daylight areas, daylight regulation is used to save energy by using a daylight
sensor.
Corridors – A space where patients often meet each other and talk while
navigating their way through different parts of the hospital, this solution for
corridors in hospitality areas features LED lighting. It ensures that lighting brings
high efficiency in terms of guidance, safety and comfort, while at the same time
having diffused lighting without glare.
Lighting plan
Waiting Room – In this standard lighting solution, contrasts are creared to
stimulate interaction between people and to give the waiting area a friendly
dynamic. This has been achieved by the use of downlights. Where the luminaires
are placed near the wall, a pleasing play of light beams is visible.
Lighting plan
Examination Room – In an examination room accurate color rendering in
the lighting is of vital importance. This standard lighting system can be adjusted
to suit the activity – whether calming, to assist with patient conversations or
brighter task lighting for examinations. Different presets for different lighting
levels can be pre – programmed and this scheme includes an additional LED
examination light, featuring high color rendering with no heat output.
Lighting Plan
Imaging room – this room uses LED downlights that provide effective
general white light with very low energy consumption. In additions the system is
fully dimmable using DALI controls and this solution provides a very comfortable
feeling in the imaging room
Lighting plan:
Patient Room – to create a comfortable and warm ambience, a luminaire
with a gentle light and soft appearance has been selected to meet the needs of
patients and comply with requirments for patient rooms. In addition, there is a
wall – mounted reading light which can be controlled by the patient. In the
evening, a downlight above the table makes the space more open and inviting for
visitors, plus an additional task light is provided above the table.
Lighting plan:
II.3.4 Accessing Daylight:
Sunlight in outdoor spaces around the hospital is also valued, both for
sitting out and to give pleasant views from inside. Asked if they would prefer a
pleasant sun-lit view with no indoor sun rather than indoor sunshine with an
unpleasant view, 50% of patients opted for the view. Courtyards, particularly
deep ones, are generally poorly sun-lit unless they are opened out to the south.
• Provide windows for access to natural daylight in patient rooms, along with
• Provide windows in staff break rooms so staff has access to natural light.
II.3.5 Positive distraction’s inside the hospital
Design strategies in providing positive distractions inside the hospital are the ff:
Many studies have demonstrated how social support can improve health
related outcomes. Studies have shown “a general positive association between
the overall number of social ties or contacts people have and their health status”.
Research has shown that in a range of healthcare and non-healthcare settings,
people who receive higher levels of social support, tend to be less stressed and
have better health status than more socially isolated people.
But determining what shades of paint are best suited for a specific space should
be done with plenty of consideration for not only facility type, but also the
area/department being painted and the individuals who will be using it.
Landscaped grounds - Green areas between buildings, primarily used for waiting
and eating in, link the architecture with walking paths; however, they may be
expensive to maintain.
Landscaped setbacks - These are usually planted areas in front of the main
entrance, which are visually pleasant and serve to separate the hospital building
from the street.
Courtyards - Courtyards are the central and most often used spaces in a hospital
building complex, because of their proximity to the dining area; they tend to be
used more by visitors and patients if they are easily visible, and should be
sufficiently large to prevent overcrowding. Courtyard features may include
landscaped tree-shaded areas, water features, flowerbeds and moveable seats;
for reasons of privacy and security as well as aesthetics, they may be fenced
around (especially if designed for care of the mentally ill) up to a height of 4.27m.
In this chapter, the site of the Ospital ng Tagaytay is being analysed and identified, the
characters of the site based on the progression and undesirable characters are being
identified in terms of the macro setting and micro setting. Specific laws and ordinances
are stated according to the particular area.
Location of Site
Tagaytay is relatively close to the capital city of Manila, only 55 km (34 mi) away
via Aguinaldo Highway, providing an easy escape for the locals from the heat of the big
city.
Tagaytay City has a total land area of 66.1 km2 (26 sq mi) which represents about
4.37% of the total area of the Province of Cavite. It lies within 120° 56' longitude and 14°
6' latitude and overlooks Manila Bay to the North, Taal Volcano and Lake to the south
and Laguna de Bay to the east.
III.1.2 Land Area
The ridge, which overlooks Taal Lake in Batangas province, is actually the edge of Taal
Caldera. The 25-by-30-kilometre (16 mi × 19 mi) wide cavity is partially filled by Taal
Lake.[6] Tagaytay's built-up areas including the urban center is situated in the relatively
level top of the caldera rim but beyond the edge are deep ravines that drop straight
down to Taal Lake. The portions adjoining the municipalities
of Mendez, Indang, Amadeo and Silang are level to nearly level areas interspersed with
very gently sloping surface. Across the southern edge of the lake on the opposite side
of the city is Mount Macolod, the highest point of the Taal Caldera rim.
Amended Land Use Plan
Site Location
The site of the current Ospital ng Tagaytay is located on Tagaytay City, near the
Tagaytay City Hall. The site is along Crisanto M. Delos Reyes Street which jeepneys
pass through.
Traffic Analysis
Jeepneys pass along road Delos Reyes (Yellow Line) and so the main traffic is
along this road only. Private vehicles barely pass through this part unless their purpose
is to go to the hospital or to the city hall. The main traffic passes through Tagaytay-
Nasugbu Highway which is connected to Delos Reyes Street. Since the hospital and the
site is along a road that is passed by jeepneys, it can be expected that the site is
exposed to a lot of noise from the eastern side.
The immediate vicinity of the site is clear and of open spaces and so there is not
much activity around. Foot traffic therefore is also to a minimum unlike the vehicular
traffic on Delos Reyes Street.
Sun Path Diagram
WHEREAS, the implementation of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan would require the
enactment of regulatory measures to translate its planning goals and objectives into
reality; and a Zoning Ordinance is one such regulatory measures which is an important
tool for the implementation of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan;
WHEREAS, Republic Act No. 7160, otherwise known as the Local Government Code of
1991 authorizes local government units to enact zoning ordinances subject to and in
accordance with existing laws;
WHEREAS, the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLRB) has spearheaded
and now assists in and coordinates the activities of local governments in comprehensive
land use planning;
ARTICLE IV
ZONE CLASSIFICATIONS
Section 5. Division into Zones or Areas. To effectively carry out the provisions of this
Ordinance, the city is hereby divided into the following zones or areas as shown in the
Official Land Use ad Zoning Map.
1. Tourism Strip
2. Primary Urban Core
9. Ecological-Tourism Area
Section 6. Zoning Map. The official zoning map for the entire city, wherein the
designation, location and boundaries of the districts/zones herein established are
shown, are hereby adopted as an integral part of this Ordinance. Such official zoning
maps shall be signed by the local chief executive and duly authenticated by the
Sangguniang Panlalawigan.
Section 7. Zone/Area Boundaries. The locations and boundaries of the zones or areas
into which the city has been divided are hereby identified and specified as follows:
ZONE LOCATION
1) Tourism Strip
Roads;
Section 8. Interpretation of the Zone Boundary. In the interpretation of the boundaries
for any of the zones indicated in the zoning map, the following
1) Where zone boundaries indicate that they approximately follow the center of the
street or highway, the street or highway right-of-way lines shall be construed to be the
boundaries;
2) Where zone boundaries indicate that they approximately follow the lot lines, such lot
shall be construed to be the boundaries.
3) Where zone boundaries indicate that they are approximately parallel to the center
lines or right-of-way lines of streets and highways, such zone boundaries shall be
construed as being parallel thereto and at such distance therefrom as indicated in the
zoning map. If no distance is given, such dimension shall be determined by the use of
the scale shown in said zoning map.
4) Where the boundary of a zone follows approximately a railroad line, such boundary
shall be deemed to be the railroad right-of-way.
5) Where the boundary of a zone follows a stream, lake or other bodies of water, said
boundary line should deemed to be at the limit of the political jurisdiction of the
community unless otherwise indicated. Boundaries indicated, as following the
shorelines shall be construed to follow such shorelines. In the event of change in the
shorelines, the boundaries shall be construed as moving with the actual shorelines.
6) Where the lot of one owner on record at the effective date of this Ordinance is divided
by a zone boundary line, the lot shall be construed to be within the zone where the
major portion of the lot is located. In case the lot is bisected by the boundary line, it shall
fall within the zone where the principal structure falls.
7) Where the zone boundary is indicated as one-lot-deep, said depth shall be construed
to be the average lot depth of the lots involved within each particular city block. Where,
however, any lot has a depth greater than said average, the remaining portion of said lot
shall be construed as covered by the one-lot-deep zoning district. Provided, that the
remaining portion has an area less than fifty percent (50%) of the total area of the entire
lot. If the remaining portion has an area equivalent to fifty percent (50%) or more of the
total area of the lot, then the average lot depth shall apply to the lot which shall become
a lot divided and covered by two or more different zoning districts, as the case may be.
In case of any remaining doubt as to the location of any property along zone boundary
lines, such property shall be considered as falling within the less restrictive zone.
8) The textual description of the zone boundaries shall prevail over that of the official
zoning maps.
ARTICLE V
ZONE REGULATIONS
Section 9. General Provision. The uses enumerated in the succeeding sections are not
exhaustive nor all-inclusive. The Local Zoning Board of Adjudication and Appeals
(LZBAA) shall, subject to the requirements of this Article, allow other uses not
enumerated hereunder provided that they are compatible with the uses expressly
allowed. Allowance of further uses shall be based on the intrinsic qualities of the land
and the socio-economic potential of the locality with due regards to the appropriate
sustainable development principles and the maintenance of the essential qualities of the
zone. Specific uses/activities of lesser density within a particular zone may be allowed
within the zone of higher density but not vice versa, nor in another zone and its
subdivisions except for uses expressly allowed in said zones, such that the cumulative
effect of zoning shall be intra-zonal and non inter-zonal.