ANOVA

Populasi
1 2 … i … r
𝑦11 𝑦21 … 𝑦𝑖1 … 𝑦𝑟1
𝑦12 𝑦22 … 𝑦𝑖2 … 𝑦𝑟2
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
𝑦1𝑛1 𝑦2𝑛2 … 𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑖 … 𝑦𝑟𝑛𝑟
Total 𝑌1. 𝑌2. … 𝑌𝑖. … 𝑌𝑟. 𝑌..
Rata- 𝑌̅1. 𝑌̅2. 𝑌̅𝑖. 𝑌̅𝑟. 𝑌̅..
rata

𝑛𝑖 𝑌
𝑛 ∑𝑗=1 𝑖𝑗 𝑌𝑖. 𝑛
𝑖
𝑌𝑖. = ∑𝑗=1 𝑌𝑖𝑗 𝑌̅𝑖. = = 𝑌.. = ∑𝑟𝑖=1 ∑𝑗=1
𝑖
𝑌𝑖𝑗
𝑛𝑖 𝑛𝑖
𝑛
∑𝑟𝑖=1 ∑𝑗=1
𝑖 𝑌
𝑖𝑗 𝑛
𝑌̅.. = 𝑛 𝑇 = ∑𝑟𝑖=1 𝑛𝑖 𝑌̅.. = ∑𝑟𝑖=1 𝑖 𝑌̅𝑖.
𝑛𝑇 𝑛𝑇
Partitioning SSTO
 the deviation of around the overall mean Y.:
𝑌𝑖𝑗 − 𝑌̅..

 𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑂 = ∑𝑖 ∑𝑗(𝑌𝑖𝑗 − 𝑌̅.. )2

 𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑅 = ∑𝑖 𝑛𝑖 (𝑌̅𝑖. − 𝑌̅.. )2
 𝑆𝑆𝐸 = ∑𝑖 ∑𝑗(𝑌𝑖𝑗 − 𝑌̅𝑖. )2

 𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑂 = 𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑅 + 𝑆𝑆𝐸

 The more the observations for each factor level differ
among themselves, the larger will be SSE
 The more the estimated factor level means differ, the
larger will be SSTR.