MCSA 2012 – DHCP Server

Basic concept of DHCP

A DHCP Server assigns IP addresses to client computers. This is very often

used in enterprise networks to reduce configuration efforts. All IP addresses of
all computers are stored in a database that resides on a server machine.

This is a very simple and easy to use implementation of a DHCP Server for
Windows based systems

DHCP’s job is to centralize the process of IP address and option assignment. You can configure a DHCP
server with a range of addresses (called a pool) and other configuration information and let it assign all
the IP parameters—addresses, default gateways, DNS server addresses, and so on

Advantages of DHCP server

The following are advantages of DHCP:

Configuration of large and even midsized networks is much simpler. If a DNS server address or some
other change is necessary to the client, the administrator doesn’t have to touch each device in the
network physically to reconfigure it with the new settings.

Once you enter the IP configuration information in one place—the server—it’s automatically propagated
to clients, eliminating the risk that a user will misconfigure some parameters and require you to fix them.

IP addresses are conserved because DHCP assigns them only when requested.

IP configuration becomes almost completely automatic. In most cases, you can plug in a new system (or
move one) and then watch as it receives a configuration from the server. For example, when you install
new network changes such as a gateway or DNS server, the client configuration is done at only one
location—the DHCP server.

It allows a preboot execution environment (PXE) client to get a TCP/IP address from DHCP. PXE clients
(also called Microsoft Windows Deployment Services [WDS] clients) can get an IP address without needing
to have an operating system installed. This allows WDS clients to connect to a WDS server through the
TCP/IP protocol and download an operating system remotely

Deploying DHCP on your enterprise network provides the following benefits:

 Safe and reliable configuration. DHCP minimizes configuration errors caused by manual IP
address configuration, such as typographical errors, as well as address conflicts caused by a
currently assigned IP address accidentally being reissued to another computer.
  Reduced network administration.
o TCP/IP configuration is centralized and automated.
o Network administrators can centrally define global and subnet-specific TCP/IP
configurations.
o Clients can be automatically assigned a full range of additional TCP/IP configuration
values by using DHCP options.
o Address changes for client configurations that must be updated frequently, such as
remote access clients that move around constantly, can be made efficiently and
automatically when the client restarts in its new location.
o Most routers can forward DHCP configuration requests, eliminating the requirement of
setting up a DHCP server on every subnet, unless there is another reason to do so.

DHCP has a number of advantages:

 There is no need to manually configure each client with an IP address.

 You don't need to keep a record of the IP addresses that you have assigned.

 You can automatically assign a new IP address if you move a client to a different
subnet.

 You can release the IP address of a computer that is offline and reassign the address
to another computer.

 Address duplication is eliminated as DHCP automatically tracks IP address

assignments.

 The DHCP server can detect unauthorised DHCP servers on the network.

Disadvantages of DHCP

Unfortunately, there are a few drawbacks with DHCP:

DHCP can become a single point of failure for your network. If you have only one DHCP server and it’s
not available, clients can’t request or renew leases.

If the DHCP server contains incorrect information, the misinformation will automatically be delivered to
all of your DHCP clients.
If you want to use DHCP on a multisegment network, you must put either a DHCP server or a relay agent
on each segment, or you must ensure that your router can forward Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)
broadcasts

DHCP server how to work?

Using DORA process DHCP server work

DHCP (D) Discover

DHCP (O) 0ffer
DHCP (R) Request
DHCP (A) Acknowledge

Step 1:

Your computer sends a "Discovery" request, asking for its IP information from any listening DHCP
servers.

Step 2:

Any listening DHCP servers will "Offer" their configuration information to your workstation.

Step 3:

You workstation chooses the best lease then "Requests" that lease from the corresponding DHCP server.

Step 4:

The DHCP server you requested the IP configuration information from then "Acknowledges" your request
and leases you the IP configuration information.

DHCP server send the IP address to the request client and this IP is already assigned in another p.c in
static ip then user 1 agent sent a discovery message to the server. Then all process are again going.
Answer Question

Installation of DHCP server