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They also believed that matter can be divided endlessly into smaller pieces.
Democritus Aristotle
Scientist Ideas
Atom- is the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that
element.
Scientist- English Physicist J. J. Thomson.
Apparatus- Cathode Ray Tube.
A voltage source is connected to the cathode and anode of an evacuated tube.
Discovery- Electrons.
When an electric charge was applied, a ray of radiation travelled from the
cathode (-ve) to the anode (+ve). This ray of radiation is called the cathode ray.
The cathode ray carries negatively charged particles called the electrons.
Scientist- Robert Millikan.
Apparatus- Oil Drop.
Tiny charged droplets of oil were suspended between the two metal electrodes
by balancing downward gravitational force with upward drag and electric forces.
The density of the oil was known, so Millikan was able to determine the droplets’
masses, and by using the electric field and values of gravity and mass, he was able
to determine the charge on oil droplets in mechanical equilibrium.
Discovery- Charge and mass of an electron.
Scientist- J. J. Thomson.
Discovery- the atom is a uniform positively charged sphere containing electrons.