Trigonometry Formulas

Here we will discuss trigonometry formulas for class 11 along with trigonometric functions of Sum
and Difference of two angles and trigonometric equations.

Starting with the basics of Trigonometry formulas, for a right-angled triangle ABC having an angle Θ,
opposite to perpendicular, we can define trigonometric ratios as;
SinΘ=P/H
CosΘ=B/H
TanΘ=P/B
CotΘ=B/P
SecΘ=H/B
CosecΘ=H/P
Where,
P=Perpendicular
B=Base
H=Hypotenuse

Trigonometry Functions
Trigonometry functions are measured in terms of radian for a circle drawn in XY plane. Radian is
nothing but the measure of an angle just like a degree. The difference between the degree and
radian is;
Degree:If rotation from the initial side to terminal side is (1/360)th of revolution, then the angle is said
to measure 1 degree.
1 degree=60minutes
1 minute=60 second
Radian: If an angle is subtended at the center by an arc of length ‘l’ and then the angle is measured
as radian. Suppose Θ is the angle formed at the center, then,
Θ=length of the arc/radius of the circle.
Θ=l/r

Relation between Degree and Radian:

2π radian=3600
Or
π radian=1800
Where π = 22/7

Table for Degree and Radian relation

Degree 300 450 600 900 1800 2700 3600

Radian π/6 π/4 π/3 π/2 π 3π/2 2π

Earlier we have discussed of trigonometric ratios for a degree, here we will write the table in terms of
radians.

Trigonometry Table

Angle 00 π/6 π/4 π/3 π/2 π 3π/2 2π

Sin∠A 0 1/2 1/2–√ 3–√/2 1 0 -1 0

Cos∠A 1 3–√/2 1/2–√ 1/2 0 -1 0 1

Tan∠A 0 1/3–√ 1 3–√ Undefined 0 Undefined 0

Sign of Trigonometric Functions

Sin(-Θ)=-SinΘ
Cos(-Θ)=CosΘ
Tan(-Θ)=-TanΘ
Cot(-Θ)=-CotΘ
Sec(-Θ)=SecΘ
Cosec(-Θ)=-CosecΘ

Trigonometric Functions of Sum and Product of two angles

(I)
sin (x+y)=sin x cos y + cos x siny
sin (x-y)= sin x cos y – cos x sin y
cos (x+y)=cos x cos y – sin x sin y
cos (x-y)= cos x cos y + sin x sin y
sin (π/2 – x)= cos x
cos (π/2 – x)= sin x
(II)
tan (x+y)= tanx+tany1−tanxtany
tan (x-y)=tanx−tany1+tanxtany
cot (x+y)=cotxcoty−1coty+cotx
cot(x-y)=cotxcoty+1coty−cotx
(III)
cos 2x = cos2 x-sin2 x = 2cos2 x-1 = 1-2sin2 x =1-tan2 x/1+tan2 x
Sin 2x= 2sin x cos x= 2tan x/ 1+ tan2 x
Tan 2x=2 tan x/1-tan2 x
(IV)
sin3x= 3 sin x – 4 sin3 x
cos 3x= 4 cos3x – 3 coz x
tan 3x= 3tan x-tan3 x/1-3 tan2 x
(V)

cos x + cos y= 2cos(x+y2)cos(x−y2)

cos x – cos y= −2sin(x+y2)sin(x−y2)
sin x + sin y = 2sin(x+y2)cos(x−y2)
sin x – sin y = 2cos(x+y2)sin(x−y2)
(VI)
2 cos x cos y = cos (x+y) + cos (x-y)
2 sin x sin y = cos (x-y) – cos (x+y)
2 sin x cos y= sin (x+y) + sin (x-y)
2 cos x sin y = sin (x+y) – sin (x-y)
To solve the trigonometric questions for class 11, all these functions and formulas are used
accordingly. By practicing those questions, you can memorize the formulas as well.
Example: Prove that
sin(x+y)sin(x−y)=tanx+tanytanx–tany
Answer: We have
LHS=sin(x+y)sin(x−y)
=sinxcosy+cosx+sinysinxcosy−cosxsiny
Dividing numerator and denominator by cos x cos y, we get
=tanx+tanytanx–tany ———–Proved.