ENCV2FL – Prac Handout - 2019

PRAC 1: HYDROSTATIC FORCE ON A PLANE SURFACE

OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this experiment are:

 To understand the hydrostatic pressure distribution

 To determine the hydrostatic force acting on a plane surface immersed in water.
 To determine the position of the line of action of the force and to compare the position
determined by experiment with the theoretical position.

APPARATUS

You will have at your disposal:

 A ruler
 Weights
 Hydrostatic apparatus
 A water supply

Fig. 1: Hydrostatic Apparatus

OUTCOMES

 Neat sketch of hydrostatic pressure distributions

 Calculations of hydrostatic forces on plane surface for different water levels
 Comparing experimental and theoretical values of the hydrostatic force and its point of
action for different water levels
 PRAC 2: JET IMPACT

OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this experiment are:

 To calculate the force exerted by a jet of water on an object surface and to compare with
the theoretical values.
 To understand the influence of object shape on momentum transfer.

APPARATUS

You will have at your disposal

 Stop watch
 Weights
 Jet impact apparatus
 Hydraulic bench

Fig. 2: Jet Impact Apparatus

OUTCOMES
 Calculations of force exerted by the jet water on surfaces for different flow rates
 Compare those results with theoretical values
 Experimentally analysis the relation between shape of the object and force exerted.
 PRAC 3 A: STEADY PIPE FLOW AND ENERGY LINES

OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this experiment are:

 To measure pressure head and velocity head experimentally using piezometer and pitot tube
 To understand Hydraulic grade line (HGL) and Energy Grade line (EGL) for the given pipe
system for different flow rates.
 To determine head loss along the pipeline

APPARATUS

You will have at your disposal:

 A measuring cylinder
 A water supply
 Pipe line system with different pipe diameters connected in series
 Ruler
 A stop watch

Fig. 3: Pipe Friction Experimental Setup

OUTCOMES

 Theoretical calculation of velocity head/velocity from energy equation and compare with
experimental measurements
 Calculate head losses and compare with theoretical values for different flow rates
 Calculate friction factor and plot friction factor against pipe diameters and flow rates
 Neat sketch of Hydraulic Grade Line and Energy Grade Line for the given pipe system for
different flow rates
 PRAC 3 B: Flow Measurement using Venturi meter

OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this experiment are:

 To measure flow rate through Venturi meter using conservation of energy principle and
compare with theoretical value.
 To determine discharge co-efficient of the given Venturi meter

APPARATUS

You will have at your disposal:

 A measuring cylinder
 A water supply
 Venturi meter set up
 Ruler
 A stop watch

Fig. 4: Venturi meter

OUTCOMES

 Calibrate the given Venturi meter and find out discharge co-efficient.
 Calculate flow rates theoretically and compare with experimental measurements
 Plot pressure and velocity at different sections of Venturi meter
 Sketch Hydraulic Grade Line and Energy Grade Line along Venturi meter