PAPER

DISASTER MITIGATION
“DISASTER AND DISASTER MITIGATION”

LECTURER:
Ifdil, S.HI., S.Pd., M.Pd., Ph.D., Kons
Frischa Meivilona Yendi, S.Pd., M.Pd.

ARRANGED BY:

Dhyno Yantaris (18006013)

Della Rahmadini Yusmen (18006011)
Yolan Mutiara Baari (18006064)
Lara Amanda Dwidjo (18006081)
Lira Mulya Hidayat (18006189)

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

FACULTY OF SCIENCE EDUCATION

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG

2019
 FOREWORD

Praise the presence of Allah, who has given His grace and gifts, so that I can complete
this paper to fulfill the group's work entitled "Disasters and Disaster Mitigation".

The author would like to thank the supervisor and all those who have helped in the
preparation of this paper so that it can be completed on time.

The author realizes that this paper is far from perfect. Therefore, the authors need
constructive criticism and suggestions for the perfection of this paper. Hopefully this paper is
useful for readers.

Padang, 24 August 2019

Writer
TABLE OF CONTENT.........................................................................................................

CHAPTER I: PRELIMINARY.......................................................................................

A. Background .................................................. ..............................

B.Formulation of The Problem............................................................................

C.Purpose............................................... ...............................

CHAPTER II: DISCUSSION ........................................................ ...............................

A. Definition of Disaster According to Law.............................

B. Understanding Mitigation Disaster According to Law...........................................

C . Types of Disaster M itigation ................ ...............................

CHAPTER III: CLOSING................................................... ..........................................

Conclusion...................................................... ..............................

BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................................. ..............
 CHAPTER 1
PRELIMINARY

A. Background
Indonesia is a country that is formed from several islands. And since a long time ago
Indonesia has had a history of natural disasters that is quite large. This is based on the
geographical location of Indonesia which is flanked by several active tectonic plates
namely the Indo-Australian Plate in the south, the Eurasian Plate in the north and the
Pacific Plate in the east. The three plates moved and collided with each other so that the
Indo-Australian Plate dipped beneath the Eurasian plate and caused earthquakes, volcanic
paths, and faults or faults. So why in Indonesia is very vulnerable to disasters.
Disasters are sudden events or major disasters that disrupt the basic structure and normal
functions of a community (or community). One event or series of events that cause
victims and or damage or loss of property, infrastructure, important services or means of
life on a scale that is beyond the normal capacity of the affected communities to
overcome them.
Given the extraordinary impact, the response to natural disasters must be carried out
using appropriate principles and methods. In addition, natural disaster management must
also be comprehensive, not only in the event of a disaster, but pre-disaster prevention and
rehabilitation and reconstruction after a disaster.

B. Formulation of Problem
1. What is definition of disaster according to law?
2. What is understanding mitigation disaster according to law?
3. How much the types of disaster mitigation?

C. Purpose
The purpose of making this paper is as material for the task of the Disaster Mitigation
group. As well as material to increase knowledge and understand about Disaster
Mitigation.
 CHAPTER 2
DISCUSSION

A. Definition of Disaster According to Law

Law on Disaster Management: Chapter I General Provisions Article 1, referred to as:
1. Disaster is an event or series of events that threaten and disrupt people's lives
and livelihoods caused, both by natural factors and / or non-natural factors as well
as human factors resulting in human casualties, environmental damage, property
losses, and psychological impacts.
2. Natural disasters are disasters caused by events or a series of events caused by
nature such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, floods, droughts,
hurricanes, and landslides.
3. Non-natural disaster is a disaster caused by events or a series of non-natural
events which include technology failure, modernization failure, epidemic, and
disease outbreak.
4. Social disasters are disasters caused by events or series of events caused by
humans which include social conflicts between groups or between communities,
and terror.
5. The implementation of disaster management is a series of efforts that include
the establishment of development policies that are at risk of disaster, disaster
prevention activities, emergency response, and rehabilitation.
6. Disaster prevention activities are a series of activities carried out as an effort to
eliminate and / or reduce the threat of disaster.
7. Preparedness is a series of activities carried out to anticipate disasters through
organizing as well as through appropriate and efficient steps.
8. Early warning is a series of activities giving a warning as soon as possible to the
public about the possibility of a disaster occurring somewhere by the authorized
institution.
9. Mitigation is a series of efforts to reduce disaster risk, both through physical
development and awareness raising and capacity building to face the threat of
disaster.
10. Disaster emergency response is a series of activities carried out immediately at
the time of a disaster event to deal with adverse impacts, which include rescue
and evacuation of victims, property, fulfillment of basic needs, protection, refugee
management, rescue, and restoration of infrastructure and facilities .
11. Rehabilitation is the improvement and restoration of all aspects of public or
community services to an adequate level in post-disaster areas with the main
objective for the normalization or normal operation of all aspects of government
and community life in post-disaster areas.
12. Reconstruction is the infrastructure for rebuilding everything and facilities,
institutions in post-disaster areas, both at the government and community level
with the main objective of growing and developing economic, social and cultural
 activities, upholding law and order, and the revival of community participation in
all aspects of community life in the post-disaster region.
13. Disaster threat is an event or event that can cause disaster.
14. Disaster-prone is a condition or characteristic of geological, biological,
hydrological, climatological, geographical, social, cultural, political, economic,
and technological in a region for a certain period of time which reduces the ability
to prevent, reduce, achieve readiness, and reduce the ability to respond adverse
effects of certain hazards.
15. Recovery is a series of activities to restore the condition of the community and
the environment affected by the disaster by re-functioning institutions,
infrastructure and facilities by carrying out rehabilitation efforts.
16. Disaster prevention is a series of activities carried out to reduce or eliminate
disaster risk, both through reducing the threat of disasters and the vulnerability of
parties threatened by disaster.
17. Disaster risk is the potential loss caused by a disaster in an area and a certain
period of time which can be in the form of death, injury, illness, life threatened,
loss of security, displacement, damage or loss of property, and disruption of
community activities.
18. Disaster emergency assistance is an effort to provide assistance to meet basic
needs during an emergency.
19. Disaster emergency status is a condition determined by the Government for a
certain period of time based on the recommendation of the Agency which is given
the task to cope with disasters.
20. Refugees are people or groups of people who are forced or forced out of their
homes for an uncertain period as a result of the adverse effects of the disaster.
21. Everyone is an individual, group of people and / or legal entity.
22. A disaster victim is a person or group of people who suffer or die as a result of a
disaster.
23. The Central Government, hereinafter referred to as the Government, is the
President of the Republic of Indonesia who holds the power of government of the
Unitary Republic of Indonesia as referred to in the 1945 Constitution of the
Republic of Indonesia.
24. Local government is the governor, regent / mayor, or regional apparatus as an
element of regional government administrators.
25. Business institutions are all legal entities that can be in the form of state-owned
enterprises, regionally-owned business entities, cooperatives, or private entities
that are established in accordance with statutory provisions that run permanent
and continuous types of businesses that work and are domiciled in the territory of
the Unitary State. Republic of Indonesia.
26. International institutions are organizations that are within the scope of the
organizational structure of the United Nations or that carry out their duties
representing the United Nations or other international organizations and foreign
non-governmental institutions from other countries outside the United Nations.
B. Understanding Mitigation Disaster According to Law
Disaster mitigation is a series of efforts to reduce disaster risk, both through physical
development and awareness and capacity building to face the threat of disaster (Article 1
paragraph 6 of PP No. 21/2008 concerning the Implementation of Disaster Management).
Disasters themselves are events or series of events that threaten and disrupt people's
lives and livelihoods caused, both by natural and / or non-natural factors as well as
human factors, resulting in human casualties, environmental damage, property losses, and
psychological impacts. Disasters can take the form of fires, tsunamis, earthquakes,
volcanic eruptions, floods, landslides, tropical storms, and others.

Disaster mitigation activities include:

 Introduction and monitoring of disaster risk;
 Participatory disaster management planning; the development of a culture of disaster
awareness;
 The application of physical, non-physical, and disaster management arrangements;
 Identification and recognition of sources of danger or threat of disaster;
 Monitoring of natural resource management;
 Monitoring of the use of high technology;
 Supervision of the implementation of spatial planning and environmental management
 Other disaster mitigation activities.

According to Law Number 24 of 2007, said that the definition of mitigation can be
defined. Understanding mitigation is a series of efforts to reduce the risk of disasters,
both through physical development and awareness raising and capacity building to face
the threat of disaster.

In general, the definition of mitigation is an effort to reduce and / or eliminate victims

and losses that may arise, then the emphasis must be given at the stage before the
occurrence of the disaster, namely mainly taming / damping activities or known as
Mitigation.
C. Types of Disaster Mitigation
Generally speaking, in practice mitigation can be grouped into structural mitigation and
non-structural mitigation. Structural mitigation relates to physical construction
development efforts, while non-structural mitigation includes land use planning that is
adjusted to the vulnerability of the region and enacts development regulations. In that
connection also, national policies must provide more flexibility in developing disaster
mitigation systems that are considered the most appropriate and most effective efficient
for the region. Judging from the potential of existing disasters, Indonesia is a country
with very high hazard potential. Some of these potentials include earthquakes, tsunamis,
floods, volcanic eruptions, landslides, hurricanes, forest and land fires, volcanic
eruptions.
The potential disasters that exist in Indonesia can be grouped into main groups, namely
the main potential hazards (main hazards) and the potential collateral hazards (collateral
hazards). The main hazard potential (main hazard potential) can be seen among others on
the map of potential earthquake disasters in Indonesia which shows that Indonesia is a
region with vulnerable earthquake zones, landslide potential maps, potential maps of
volcanic eruptions, maps of potential disasters tsunami, maps of potential flood disasters,
and others. From the indicators above it can be concluded that Indonesia has high main
hazard potential. This is certainly not very beneficial for Indonesia. In addition to the
high potential for major hazards, Indonesia also has very high collateral hazard potential.
This can be seen from several indicators such as the liquidation of the percentage of
buildings made of wood, the density of buildings, and the density of hazardous industries.
This collateral hazard potential is very high especially in urban areas that have density, a
high percentage of wooden buildings (mainly in urban slums), and a high number of
hazardous industries. With the indicators above, Indonesian cities are regions with very
high potential for disasters.
a. Structural Mitigation
Structural mitigation is an effort to minimize disasters through the construction of various
physical infrastructure and using technological approaches, such as the creation of special
canals for flood prevention, volcanic activity detection devices, buildings that are
earthquake resistant, or the Early Warning System used to predict tsunami waves.
Structural mitigation is an effort to reduce vulnerability to disaster by means of technical
engineering of disaster resistant buildings. A disaster-resistant building is a building with
 a structure that is planned so that the building is able to survive or suffer damage that is
not dangerous if the disaster in question occurs. Technical engineering is a structural
design procedure that takes into account the action characteristics of a disaster .

b. Non-Structural Mitigation
i. Non-structural mitigation is an effort to reduce the impact of disasters other than
the above mentioned efforts. Can be within the scope of policy making efforts
such as making a regulation. The Disaster Management Act (PB Law) is a non-
structural effort in the policy area of this mitigation. Another example is the
creation of urban spatial planning, community capacity building, even to the point
of activating various other activities that are useful for strengthening community
capacity, also part of this mitigation. This is all done for, by and in communities
living around disaster-prone
ii. Areas Non-structural policies include legislation, regional planning, and
insurance Non-structural policies are more related to policies aimed at avoiding
unnecessary and damaging risks. Of course, before risk identification is needed
first.
iii. Physical risk assessment includes the process of identifying and evaluating the
likelihood of disasters and the possible impacts of mitigation policies, both
structural and non-structural in nature, which must support one another. The use
of technology to predict, anticipate and reduce the risk of a disaster must be
balanced with the creation and enforcement of an adequate set of regulations
supported by an appropriate spatial plan. The frequent occurrence of floods and
landslides during the rainy season and drought in several places in Indonesia
during the dry season is mostly caused by weak law enforcement and the use of
landscapes that are not in accordance with environmental conditions around the
technology used to predict anticipate and reduce the risk of a disaster must also
be endeavored so as not to disturb the balance of the environment in the future.
 CHAPTER 3
CLOSING
 Conclusion
From the description of the material above we can conclude that disaster mitigation is an
effort to mitigate the impact of a disaster. Disaster mitigation must be truly carried out
when a disaster occurs, either landslides, flash floods, sunami, and others. Disaster
mitigation must be truly planned as soon as possible so that in the field implementation
can run well.
Mitigation efforts can be carried out in the form of structural mitigation by strengthening
buildings and infrastructure that are potentially affected by disasters, such as making
building codes, engineering designs, and constructions to hold and strengthen structures
or build structures to prevent landslides, retaining coastal walls, and others. In addition
mitigation efforts can also be done in non-structural forms, such as avoiding disaster
areas by building away from disaster locations that can be identified through spatial and
regional planning and by empowering communities and local governments.
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