CHAPTER 3

Calamity and Disaster Preparedness

Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students should be able

to;
1. Define disaster.
2. Identify the common types and categories of disasters.
3. Explain the two categories of disaster and differentiate each.
4. Cope with the general effects of disasters.
5. Enhance community preparedness to disaster.

Calamity and Disaster Preparedness

A disaster is an event, natural or man-made, sudden or progressive,

oftentimes with impacts of such severity, that affected communities has to
respond by taking exceptional measures. It is defined as a situation resulting
from an environmental phenomenon or armed conflict that produces stress,
personal injury, physical damage, and economic disruption of great magnitude.

A disaster is a natural or man-made event that negatively affects life, property,

livelihood or industry often resulting in permanent changes to human societies,
ecosystems and environment.

Disaster preparedness refers to measures taken to prepare for and reduce the
effects of disasters. That is, to predict and, where possible, prevent disasters,
mitigate their impact on vulnerable populations, and respond to and effectively
cope with their consequences.
 Categories of disaster:
According to Frederick (1983), disaster can also be categorized into two and
these are:

• Natural disaster – refers to those disasters that are triggered by natural

phenomenon. These phenomena (such as Hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes,
floods, volcanoes, etc.) are known technically as natural hazard.

• Man-made disaster – refers to disaster resulting from mad-made hazards.

Man-made disasters can be divided into three types;

1. Armed conflict and civil strife. –disaster management concerns

itself with various aspect of armed conflicts and civil strife,
including the protection and support of displaced persons and
refugees during the conflict; physical and economic reconstruction.
Ex. War in marawi

2. Technological disasters – these are disaster which are usually a

result of accidents or incidents occurring in the manufacturer,
transport, or distribution of hazardous substances such as fuel,
chemicals, explosives, or nuclear materials. Ex. Oil spill in
guimaras.

3. Disaster in human settlements – urban fire is the kind of

principal disaster of this type. There can be devastating effect when
fires break out in low level communities or in depressed areas.
The common types of disaster;

1. Earthquake : (also known as a quake , tremor or temblor) is the shaking

of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in
the Earth’s lithosphere that creates seismic waves.

2. Volcanic eruption: happen when lava and gas are discharge from a
volcanic vent. The most consequences of this are population movements
as large numbers of people are often forced to flee the moving lava flow.
Volcanic eruptions often cause temporary food shortages and volcanic ash
landlides called lahar.
3. Tsunami: is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement
of a large volume of water generally in an ocean or a large lake.
Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosion above or
below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami.

4. Tropical cyclone (typhoon, hurricane) is a rapidly rotating storm

system characterized by a low-pressure center , a closed low-level
atmospheric

5. Flood – is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry.

In the sense of “flowing water”, the word may also be applied to the inflow
of the tide. Floods are in area of study of the discipline hydrology and are
not significant concern in agriculture. Civil engineering and public health.
6. Landslide – is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth
down a slope. Earthquake shaking and other factors can also induce
landslides underwater.

7. Bushfire - a uncontrolled fire in a wooded or grassy area, a wildfire

8. Drought – is an event of prolonged shortages in the water supply,
whether atmospheric, surface water or ground water. A drought can last
for months or years, or maybe declared after as few as 15 days.

9. Epidemic/pandemic – is affecting or tending to affect a dis

proportionately large number of individuals with a population,
community, or region at the same time.
10. Major accident, -means incident involving loss of life inside or outside
the site or more injuries inside and or/one or more injuries outside
release of toxic chemical or explosion of fire.

11. Armed conflict and civil strife

The general effects of disaster;

1. Loss of life
2. Injury
3. Damage to and destruction of property
4. Damage to and destruction of subsistence and cash crops
5. Disruption of production
6. Disruption of lifestyles
7. Loss of livelihood
8. Disruption of essential services
9. Damage to national infrastructure and disruption of governmental
system
10. National economic loss, and
11. Sociological and psychological after effects

Disaster Preparedness;

The goal of disaster preparedness is to lessen the impact of disasters on

vulnerable populations, to ready an organization for an influx of activity, and to
design a coordinated plan that reduces the waste of resources, time, and
efforts.

The components of disaster management;

1. Prevention- these are actions designed to impede the occurrence of a

disaster or its harmful effects on communities and key installation.
2. Mitigation- these are programs intended to reduce the ill effects of
disaster.
 3. Preparedness- these are measures, which enable governments,
organizations, communities and individuals to respond quickly and
effectively to disaster situations.
4. Disaster impact- this reminds us that the impact of disaster can vary
between different types of disaster.
5. Response- these are measures taken immediately prior to and following
disaster impact.
6. Recovery- this is a process by which communities and organizations are
assessed in returning to their proper level of functioning following a
disaster.
7. Development- this provides the link between disaster-related activities
and national development.

Who are the members of the council?

The secretary of the Department of National defense is the chairman and

the members are;
1. Department of Agriculture (DA)
2. Department of Education, culture and sports (DECS) Department of
Education (DepED)
3. Department of public work and highways (DPWH)
4. Department of transportation and communication (DOTC)
5. Department of social welfare and development (DSWD)
6. Department of foreign affairs (DFA)
7. Department of labor and employment (DOLE)
8. Department of trade and industry (DTI)

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Book NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT VIA NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM-
R.A. 9163 (CWTS 1)
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