CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0 INTRODUCTION

This section explains how the research questions would be investigated and why some particular

methods and techniques would be employed. It also describes the sampling procedure, the

various issues in the data collection and the choice of data analysis technique.

3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN

Onabanjo (2010) states that research design is the frame work of plan for a study that is used in

collecting and analyzing a set of data. It is the arrangement of conditions for collection and

analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with

economy in procedures. In this research, survey research design will be used as its aim is to

provide answers to specific questions of this study, in order to produce quantitative data.

Data will be collected using valid and reliable questionnaire with a view to evaluate internal

auditing as basis for prevention of errors and detection of frauds in Nigerian banks.

3.2 POPULATI ON OF THE STUDY

Ogunleye (2000) states that population is made up of all the people, things or element in a place

or more characteristics in common which could be categorized into the target population thus,

subjects or element can be regarded as individual item that make up a population. In this case,

the population will constitute the staff member of the 25 banks in Nigeria.

3.3 SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

A sample is a subset of population. Eme (2009) states that sample size is the determination of

the number of the investigated.Random sampling technique will be employed due to time

constraints. It is therefore necessary to choose a sample to represent the population. In order to

secure a representative sample of respondents and also minimize errors. Seventy people (70)

were chosen as the sample size from the population of Guaranty trust bank and Diamond bank

Sagamu. This is to give the respondents equal chances of being selected.

3.4 SOURCES OF DATA

Data to be used for this study were obtained from primary data and secondary data

Primary data

This is through Questionnaire administration to selected respondents which is to elucidate

responses from respondents.

Secondary data

The secondary data were collected from sources available such as review of other written

material on related topic, publication journal, articles, and notes.

3.5 DESIGN AND DESCRIPTION OF QUESTIONNAIRE

The research instrument used is a structured questionnaire. It was designed to elicit information

on “AN APPRAISAL OF INTERNAL AUDITING AS BASIS FOR PREVENTION OF

ERRORS AND DETECTION OF FRAUDS I N NIGERIAN BANKS” ( A CASE STUDY

OF GUARANTY TRUST BANK & DIAMOND BANK). In constructing the questionnaire,

particular care was taken to ensure that questions in the questionnaire were related to the

research questions and hypotheses of the research.

ADMINISTRATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE

In a research the administering of questionnaire can be done by researcher for convenience or

through a representative or fieldworkers. The method adopted here was the hand delivery
method. The researcher will seek the consent of the selected respondents and distribute the

questionnaire for immediate or later collection depending on respondents diposition.

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF RESEACRH INSTRUMENT

Tejumaiye (2003), explains that validity “is the degree to which a measuring instrument

measures what is designed to measure”. He also defines reliability as “a matter of whether a

particular technique applied repeatedly to the same people or object would yield the same result

each time which means giving the same answer at different points”.

For validity, the questionnaire was prepared and critically examined by the supervisor who made

necessary corrections and amendments before onward distribution and administration.

Reliability means consistency. It is a quality of a measurement indicating the degree to

which the measure is consistent, that is, repeated measurement will give the same result. If the

result of the study can be produced under a similar methodology, the research instrument is

considered to be reliable.

3.6 DATA ANALYSIS METHOD AND MODEL

The use of percentages will be adopted in the analysis of data for this research. The answers that

will be provided by the respondents in respect of research questions will be analysed and

presented in form of tables for better understanding. The statistical test employed in the research

work to test the hypothesis is the regression analysis method. Explanations was provided on the

outcomes or result of the analysis. To obtain numerical values of parameters of specified

regression analysis of functional relationship between Appraisal of internal audit and prevention
of errors and detection of frauds in Nigerian banks, the model is estimated using Scientific

Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).

The regression formula is given as

Y=a+bx+c

Where

Y= dependent variable (prevention of errors and detection of frauds in Nigerian banks)

X= independent variable ( Appraisal of Internal audit)

a= the intercept

b= slope of regression line

REFERENCES:

Eme, U. (2009). Standards in Academic Research, Lagos, Kanu Publication.

Tejumaiye A. (2003) Mass Communication, Research & Introduction, Ibadan:Sceptre Publishers

Ogunleye A.O. (2000), An Introduction to Research Method in Education & Social Sciences,

Lagos: Sunshine International Publication Nig. Plc

Onabanjo (2010) Foundation of Communication; Sibon books limited Lagos, Nigeria